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This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1927-01

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Posture.

By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1

Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.

By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.

D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20

Identification by the Teeth.

By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy

Department 49

An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.

By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.

Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54

Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,

and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.

By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62

Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.

By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S

The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.

By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73

Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.

By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86

Climatic Bubo.

By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy

89

Ideas on Recruiting.

By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102

CLINICAL NOTES:

One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.

By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105

Filariasis.

By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .

111

Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws.

By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy

117

Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.

By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical

Corps, United States Navy 122

Scurvy.

By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy

126

Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.

By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128

Cholecystography.

By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131

Syphilis.

By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States

Navy 134

Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.

By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic

infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies

—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox

epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious

anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926

—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses

for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160

NURSE CORPS:

Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.

By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161

Help from the Laboratory.

By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164

Some Interesting Laboratory Work.

By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166

BOOK NOTICES 169

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:

Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of

neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food

poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning

following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,

Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus

vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177

Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.

By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208

Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the

Navy— Statistics 220

Number 2

PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii

SPECIAL ARTICLES: .

MEDICINE IN TURKEY.

By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States

Navy------------------------·------ 229

COLOR-BLINDNESS.

By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.

By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,

United States Navy________ 266

BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,

PHILADELPHIA, 1926.

By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272

MALARIA IN HAITI.

By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United

States Navy_____________ 278

INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.

By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States

Navy________________ __________ 288

RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.

By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy

------------------------- 300

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.

By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States

Navy__________________ 304

THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE

METABOLISM.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States

Navy--------------------------- 309

THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT

OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United

States Navy _______________ 315.

THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.

By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States

Navy--------------------------------------- 319

CLINICAL NOTES:

OCULAR ENUCLEATION.

By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical

Corps, United States Navy________________ 325

TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.

By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy

------------------ 331

TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.

By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States

Navy-------------------------------- 336

DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.

By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340

SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States

Navy ------------------------------- 343

MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE

GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE

REACTION.

By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.

Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352

GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States

Navy ___________358

A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.

By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361

CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.

By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------

365

HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States

Navy ________369

REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.

By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372

AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States

Navy __________374

THE NAVAL RESERVE -------------------------------------------- 375

NURSE CORPS:

THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.

By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379

MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.

By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382

A HURRICANE THRILL.

By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy

-------------------383

AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.

By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for

promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory

technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn

reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral

regurgitation- Cutaneous leishmaniasis

and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic

encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal

fistulae-Ethylene

anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the

neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie

A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387

BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413

TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.

By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.

BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461

A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated

with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess

of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken

salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475

R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''

By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480

AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.

By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------

484

Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of

food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,

San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486

REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN

TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."

By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States

Navy_______________________________________________ 491

An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494

Number 3

PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.

By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy

___________505

FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.

By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States

Navy----------------------------- 528

ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.

By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.

By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States

Navy---------------------------------- 562

PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.

By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567

ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.

By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573

COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.

By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States

Navy--------------------585

COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.

By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States

Navy--------------------------------- 588

DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.

By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593

CLINICAL NOTES :

CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,

By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597

THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States

Navy----------------------------605

THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.

By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614

THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL

SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.

By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.

Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619

SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH

MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.

By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical

Corps, United States Navy------621

TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.

By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624

MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.

By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States

Navy----------------- ------------------ 625

MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States

Navy-----------------------------626

CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.

By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy

--- ------------------------ 628

ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL

JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.

By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630

CREEPING ERUPTION.

By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy

___________________632

DEATH BY LIGHTNING.

By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634

DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.

By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635

AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.

By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637

THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639

NURSE CORPS:

HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.

By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649

DIETS AND THE NURSE.

By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651

DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.

By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning

"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis

hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon

dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination

questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and

alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The

metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on

pharmacological

problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661

BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------

--------- 697

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :

Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease

problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths

following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report

of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training

station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of

scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal

poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,

Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men

eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at

United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned

Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-

Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------

Number 4

PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),

United States Naval Reserve-------- 783

ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.

By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy

---------------------------- 816

AVIATION HYGIENE.

By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832

GOITER.

By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),

United States Naval Reserve __ 837

COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL

HOSPITAL.

By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844

THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.

By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy

------------------- 862

SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States

Navy ------ ------------------ 871

By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.

Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875

LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.

By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States

Naval Reserve-------------- 879

ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.

By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881

ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.

By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883

ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States

Navy--------------------- 886

A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy

------- --- --- ----- 889

POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States

Navy - - ------- ---------- 892

THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States

Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894

WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?

By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----

---------------------- 896

MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH

STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.

By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States

Navy------ - - ----------------897

TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.

By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898

APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.

By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900

MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.

By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903

GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.

By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908

NAVAL RESERVE:

Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909

NURSE CORPS:

THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.

By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913

ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL

FOR NURSES.

By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918

A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.

By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920

DIETETICS.

By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921

DIETETICS.

By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-

Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical

practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water

supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the

skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure

method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment

of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation

instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927

BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :

A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.

By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973

MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF

MALARIA.

By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996

Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not

investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United

States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by

playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency

of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval

Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010

INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035

INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047

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White Sika Deer - Cervus nippon - Arne RSPB Dorset -020417 (28) by Ann Collier

12 11

The white deer in my area of Dorset are all leucistic & not albinos.

Leucism is a condition in animals characterized by reduced pigmentation. Unlike albinism, it is caused by a reduction in all types of skin pigment, not just melanin.

Leucism (occasionally spelled leukism) is a general term for the phenotype resulting from defects in pigment cell differentiation and/or migration from the neural crest

to skin, hair, or feathers during development. This results in either the entire surface (if all pigment cells fail to develop) or patches of body surface (if only a subset are defective)

having a lack of cells capable of making pigment. [Wikipedia]