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Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman†with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour.
Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, usually towards pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements.
Toronto Zoo Website
Polar Bear
"Region: America
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman” with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour. Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, this is usually pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements."
- Courtesy of the Metro Toronto Zoo
© All Rights Reserved - Miles Away Photography
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The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. Common or slang terms include tater, tattie and spud. Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice.
Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas, from the United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species traced a single origin for potatoes. In the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex, potatoes were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago. In the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous, some close relatives of the potato are cultivated.
Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 1,000 different types of potatoes. Over 99% of presently cultivated potatoes worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central Chile, which have displaced formerly popular varieties from the Andes.
The importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially eastern and central Europe, where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid expansion in production over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia, with China and India leading the world in overall production as of 2014.
Being a nightshade similar to tomatoes, the vegetative and fruiting parts of the potato contain the toxin solanine and are not fit for human consumption. Normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in amounts small enough to be negligible to human health, but if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health.
ETYMOLOGY
The English word potato comes from Spanish patata (the name used in Spain). The Spanish Royal Academy says the Spanish word is a hybrid of the Taíno batata (sweet potato) and the Quechua papa (potato). The name originally referred to the sweet potato although the two plants are not closely related. The 16th-century English herbalist John Gerard referred to sweet potatoes as "common potatoes", and used the terms "bastard potatoes" and "Virginia potatoes" for the species we now call "potato". In many of the chronicles detailing agriculture and plants, no distinction is made between the two. Potatoes are occasionally referred to as "Irish potatoes" or "white potatoes" in the United States, to distinguish them from sweet potatoes.
The name spud for a small potato comes from the digging of soil (or a hole) prior to the planting of potatoes. The word has an unknown origin and was originally (c. 1440) used as a term for a short knife or dagger, probably related to the Latin "spad-" a word root meaning "sword"; cf. Spanish "espada", English "spade" and "spadroon". It subsequently transferred over to a variety of digging tools. Around 1845, the name transferred to the tuber itself, the first record of this usage being in New Zealand English. The origin of the word "spud" has erroneously been attributed to an 18th-century activist group dedicated to keeping the potato out of Britain, calling itself The Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet (S.P.U.D.). It was Mario Pei's 1949 The Story of Language that can be blamed for the word's false origin. Pei writes, "the potato, for its part, was in disrepute some centuries ago. Some Englishmen who did not fancy potatoes formed a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet. The initials of the main words in this title gave rise to spud." Like most other pre-20th century acronymic origins, this is false, and there is no evidence that a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet ever existed.
CHARACTERISTICS
Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm high, depending on variety, with the leaves dying back after flowering, fruiting and tuber formation. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins. Potatoes are mostly cross-pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, though a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.
After flowering, potato plants produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing about 300 seeds. Like all parts of the plant except the tubers, the fruit contain the toxic alkaloid solanine and are therefore unsuitable for consumption. All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true potato seed", "TPS" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers. New varieties grown from seed can be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers, pieces of tubers cut to include at least one or two eyes, or cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Plants propagated from tubers are clones of the parent, whereas those propagated from seed produce a range of different varieties.
GENETICS
There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alone, mainly in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. Apart from the 5,000 cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties. Cross-breeding has been done repeatedly to transfer resistances to certain pests and diseases from the gene pool of wild species to the gene pool of cultivated potato species. Genetically modified varieties have met public resistance in the United States and in the European UnionThe major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated. There are also four diploid species (with 24 chromosomes): S. stenotomum, S. phureja, S. goniocalyx, and S. ajanhuiri. There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii. There is one pentaploid cultivated species (with 60 chromosomes): S. curtilobum. There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean. The Andean potato is adapted to the short-day conditions prevalent in the mountainous equatorial and tropical regions where it originated; the Chilean potato, however, native to the Chiloé Archipelago, is adapted to the long-day conditions prevalent in the higher latitude region of southern Chile.
The International Potato Center, based in Lima, Peru, holds an ISO-accredited collection of potato germplasm. The international Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium announced in 2009 that they had achieved a draft sequence of the potato genome. The potato genome contains 12 chromosomes and 860 million base pairs, making it a medium-sized plant genome. More than 99 percent of all current varieties of potatoes currently grown are direct descendants of a subspecies that once grew in the lowlands of south-central Chile. Nonetheless, genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species affirms that all potato subspecies derive from a single origin in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme Northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex). The wild Crop Wild Relatives Prebreeding project encourages the use of wild relatives in breeding programs. Enriching and preserving the gene bank collection to make potatoes adaptive to diverse environmental conditions is seen as a pressing issue due to climate change.
Most modern potatoes grown in North America arrived through European settlement and not independently from the South American sources, although at least one wild potato species, Solanum fendleri, naturally ranges from Peru into Texas, where it is used in breeding for resistance to a nematode species that attacks cultivated potatoes. A secondary center of genetic variability of the potato is Mexico, where important wild species that have been used extensively in modern breeding are found, such as the hexaploid Solanum demissum, as a source of resistance to the devastating late blight disease. Another relative native to this region, Solanum bulbocastanum, has been used to genetically engineer the potato to resist potato blight.
Potatoes yield abundantly with little effort, and adapt readily to diverse climates as long as the climate is cool and moist enough for the plants to gather sufficient water from the soil to form the starchy tubers. Potatoes do not keep very well in storage and are vulnerable to moulds that feed on the stored tubers and quickly turn them rotten, whereas crops such as grain can be stored for several years with a low risk of rot. The yield of Calories per acre (about 9.2 million) is higher than that of maize (7.5 million), rice (7.4 million), wheat (3 million), or soybean (2.8 million).
VARIETIES
There are close to 4,000 varieties of potato including common commercial varieties, each of which has specific agricultural or culinary attributes. Around 80 varieties are commercially available in the UK. In general, varieties are categorized into a few main groups based on common characteristics, such as russet potatoes (rough brown skin), red potatoes, white potatoes, yellow potatoes (also called Yukon potatoes) and purple potatoes.
For culinary purposes, varieties are often differentiated by their waxiness: floury or mealy baking potatoes have more starch (20–22%) than waxy boiling potatoes (16–18%). The distinction may also arise from variation in the comparative ratio of two different potato starch compounds: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose, a long-chain molecule, diffuses from the starch granule when cooked in water, and lends itself to dishes where the potato is mashed. Varieties that contain a slightly higher amylopectin content, which is a highly branched molecule, help the potato retain its shape after being boiled in water. Potatoes that are good for making potato chips or potato crisps are sometimes called "chipping potatoes", which means they meet the basic requirements of similar varietal characteristics, being firm, fairly clean, and fairly well-shaped.
The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions that is updated and maintained by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency within the framework of the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR)—which is run by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI).
PIGMENTATION
Dozens of potato cultivars have been selectively bred specifically for their skin or, more commonly, flesh color, including gold, red, and blue varieties that contain varying amounts of phytochemicals, including carotenoids for gold/yellow or polyphenols for red or blue cultivars. Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential nutrient, vitamin A, during digestion. Anthocyanins mainly responsible for red or blue pigmentation in potato cultivars do not have nutritional significance, but are used for visual variety and consumer appeal. Recently, as of 2010, potatoes have also been bioengineered specifically for these pigmentation traits.
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED POTATOES
Genetic research has produced several genetically modified varieties. 'New Leaf', owned by Monsanto Company, incorporates genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to the Colorado potato beetle; 'New Leaf Plus' and 'New Leaf Y', approved by US regulatory agencies during the 1990s, also include resistance to viruses. McDonald's, Burger King, Frito-Lay, and Procter & Gamble announced they would not use genetically modified potatoes, and Monsanto published its intent to discontinue the line in March 2001.
Waxy potato varieties produce two main kinds of potato starch, amylose and amylopectin, the latter of which is most industrially useful. BASF developed the Amflora potato, which was modified to express antisense RNA to inactivate the gene for granule bound starch synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the formation of amylose. Amflora potatoes therefore produce starch consisting almost entirely of amylopectin, and are thus more useful for the starch industry. In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food. Nevertheless, under EU rules, individual countries have the right to decide whether they will allow this potato to be grown on their territory. Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years. Another GM potato variety developed by BASF is 'Fortuna' which was made resistant to late blight by adding two resistance genes, blb1 and blb2, which originate from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum. In October 2011 BASF requested cultivation and marketing approval as a feed and food from the EFSA. In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF.
In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R. Simplot Company, which contains genetic modifications that prevent bruising and produce less acrylamide when fried than conventional potatoes; the modifications do not cause new proteins to be made, but rather prevent proteins from being made via RNA interference.
HISTORY
The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BC. It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries.
The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancon (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC. The most widely cultivated variety, Solanum tuberosum tuberosum, is indigenous to the Chiloé Archipelago, and has been cultivated by the local indigenous people since before the Spanish conquest.
According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. In the Altiplano, potatoes provided the principal energy source for the Inca civilization, its predecessors, and its Spanish successor. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century, part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. The potato was slow to be adopted by European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left the crop vulnerable to disease. In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in the crop failures that led to the Great Irish Famine. Thousands of varieties still persist in the Andes however, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household.
PRODUCTION
In 2016, world production of potatoes was 377 million tonnes, led by China with over 26% of the world total (see table). Other major producers were India, Russia, Ukraine and the United States. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially eastern and central Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia.
NUTRITION
A raw potato is 79% water, 17% carbohydrates (88% is starch), 2% protein, and contains negligible fat (see table). In an amount measuring 100 grams, raw potato provides 322 kilojoules (77 kilocalories) of energy and is a rich source of vitamin B6 and vitamin C (23% and 24% of the Daily Value, respectively), with no other vitamins or minerals in significant amount (see table). The potato is rarely eaten raw because raw potato starch is poorly digested by humans. When a potato is baked, its contents of vitamin B6 and vitamin C decline notably, while there is little significant change in the amount of other nutrients.
Potatoes are often broadly classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) and so are often excluded from the diets of individuals trying to follow a low-GI diet. The GI of potatoes can vary considerably depending on the cultivar or cultivar category (such as "red", russet, "white", or King Edward), growing conditions and storage, preparation methods (by cooking method, whether it is eaten hot or cold, whether it is mashed or cubed or consumed whole), and accompanying foods consumed (especially the addition of various high-fat or high-protein toppings). In particular, consuming reheated or cooled potatoes that were previously cooked may yield a lower GI effect.
In the UK, potatoes are not considered by the National Health Service (NHS) as counting or contributing towards the recommended daily five portions of fruit and vegetables, the 5-A-Day program.
COMPARISON TO OTHER STAPLE FOODS
This table shows the nutrient content of potatoes next to other major staple foods, each one measured in its respective raw state, even though staple foods are not commonly eaten raw and are usually sprouted or cooked before eating. In sprouted and cooked form, the relative nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of each of these grains (or other foods) may be different from the values in this table. Each nutrient (every row) has the highest number highlighted to show the staple food with the greatest amount in a 100-gram raw portion.
TOXICITY
Potatoes contain toxic compounds known as glycoalkaloids, of which the most prevalent are solanine and chaconine. Solanine is found in other plants in the same family, Solanaceae, which includes such plants as deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and tobacco (Nicotiana spp.), as well as the food plants eggplant and tomato. These compounds, which protect the potato plant from its predators, are generally concentrated in its leaves, flowers, sprouts, and fruits (in contrast to the tubers). In a summary of several studies, the glycoalkaloid content was highest in the flowers and sprouts and lowest in the tuber flesh. (The glycoalkaloid content was, in order from highest to lowest: flowers, sprouts, leaves, skin, roots, berries, peel [skin plus outer cortex of tuber flesh], stems, and tuber flesh.)
Exposure to light, physical damage, and age increase glycoalkaloid content within the tuber. Cooking at high temperatures—over 170 °C—partly destroys these compounds. The concentration of glycoalkaloids in wild potatoes is sufficient to produce toxic effects in humans. Glycoalkaloid poisoning may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps, and, in severe cases, coma and death. However, poisoning from cultivated potato varieties is very rare. Light exposure causes greening from chlorophyll synthesis, giving a visual clue as to which areas of the tuber may have become more toxic. However, this does not provide a definitive guide, as greening and glycoalkaloid accumulation can occur independently of each other.
Different potato varieties contain different levels of glycoalkaloids. The Lenape variety was released in 1967 but was withdrawn in 1970 as it contained high levels of glycoalkaloids. Since then, breeders developing new varieties test for this, and sometimes have to discard an otherwise promising cultivar. Breeders try to keep glycoalkaloid levels below 200 mg/kg). However, when these commercial varieties turn green, they can still approach solanine concentrations of 1000 mg/kg. In normal potatoes, analysis has shown solanine levels may be as little as 3.5% of the breeders' maximum, with 7–187 mg/kg being found. While a normal potato tuber has 12–20 mg/kg of glycoalkaloid content, a green potato tuber contains 250–280 mg/kg and its skin has 1500–2200 mg/kg.
GROWTH AND CULTIVATION
SEED POTATOES
Potatoes are generally grown from seed potatoes, tubers specifically grown to be free from disease and to provide consistent and healthy plants. To be disease free, the areas where seed potatoes are grown are selected with care. In the US, this restricts production of seed potatoes to only 15 states out of all 50 states where potatoes are grown. These locations are selected for their cold, hard winters that kill pests and summers with long sunshine hours for optimum growth. In the UK, most seed potatoes originate in Scotland, in areas where westerly winds prevent aphid attack and thus prevent spread of potato virus pathogens.
PHASES OF GROWTH
Potato growth is divided into five phases. During the first phase, sprouts emerge from the seed potatoes and root growth begins. During the second, photosynthesis begins as the plant develops leaves and branches. In the third phase, stolons develop from lower leaf axils on the stem and grow downwards into the ground and on these stolons new tubers develop as swellings of the stolon. This phase is often, but not always, associated with flowering. Tuber formation halts when soil temperatures reach 27 °C; hence potatoes are considered a cool-season, or winter, crop. Tuber bulking occurs during the fourth phase, when the plant begins investing the majority of its resources in its newly formed tubers. At this phase, several factors are critical to a good yield: optimal soil moisture and temperature, soil nutrient availability and balance, and resistance to pest attacks. The fifth and final phase is the maturation of the tubers: the plant canopy dies back, the tuber skins harden, and the sugars in the tubers convert to starches.
CHALLENGES
New tubers may start growing at the surface of the soil. Since exposure to light leads to an undesirable greening of the skins and the development of solanine as a protection from the sun's rays, growers cover surface tubers. Commercial growers cover them by piling additional soil around the base of the plant as it grows (called "hilling" up, or in British English "earthing up"). An alternative method, used by home gardeners and smaller-scale growers, involves covering the growing area with organic mulches such as straw or plastic sheets.
Correct potato husbandry can be an arduous task in some circumstances. Good ground preparation, harrowing, plowing, and rolling are always needed, along with a little grace from the weather and a good source of water. Three successive plowings, with associated harrowing and rolling, are desirable before planting. Eliminating all root-weeds is desirable in potato cultivation. In general, the potatoes themselves are grown from the eyes of another potato and not from seed. Home gardeners often plant a piece of potato with two or three eyes in a hill of mounded soil. Commercial growers plant potatoes as a row crop using seed tubers, young plants or microtubers and may mound the entire row. Seed potato crops are rogued in some countries to eliminate diseased plants or those of a different variety from the seed crop.
Potatoes are sensitive to heavy frosts, which damage them in the ground. Even cold weather makes potatoes more susceptible to bruising and possibly later rotting, which can quickly ruin a large stored crop.
PESTS
The historically significant Phytophthora infestans (late blight) remains an ongoing problem in Europe and the United States. Other potato diseases include Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, black leg, powdery mildew, powdery scab and leafroll virus.
Insects that commonly transmit potato diseases or damage the plants include the Colorado potato beetle, the potato tuber moth, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), the potato aphid, beet leafhoppers, thrips, and mites. The potato cyst nematode is a microscopic worm that thrives on the roots, thus causing the potato plants to wilt. Since its eggs can survive in the soil for several years, crop rotation is recommended.
During the crop year 2008, many of the certified organic potatoes produced in the United Kingdom and certified by the Soil Association as organic were sprayed with a copper pesticide to control potato blight (Phytophthora infestans). According to the Soil Association, the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6 kg/ha/year.
According to an Environmental Working Group analysis of USDA and FDA pesticide residue tests performed from 2000 through 2008, 84% of the 2,216 tested potato samples contained detectable traces of at least one pesticide. A total of 36 unique pesticides were detected on potatoes over the 2,216 samples, though no individual sample contained more than 6 unique pesticide traces, and the average was 1.29 detectable unique pesticide traces per sample. The average quantity of all pesticide traces found in the 2,216 samples was 1.602 ppm. While this was a very low value of pesticide residue, it was the highest amongst the 50 vegetables analyzed.
HARVEST
At harvest time, gardeners usually dig up potatoes with a long-handled, three-prong "grape" (or graip), i.e., a spading fork, or a potato hook, which is similar to the graip but with tines at a 90° angle to the handle. In larger plots, the plow is the fastest implement for unearthing potatoes. Commercial harvesting is typically done with large potato harvesters, which scoop up the plant and surrounding earth. This is transported up an apron chain consisting of steel links several feet wide, which separates some of the dirt. The chain deposits into an area where further separation occurs. Different designs use different systems at this point. The most complex designs use vine choppers and shakers, along with a blower system to separate the potatoes from the plant. The result is then usually run past workers who continue to sort out plant material, stones, and rotten potatoes before the potatoes are continuously delivered to a wagon or truck. Further inspection and separation occurs when the potatoes are unloaded from the field vehicles and put into storage.
Immature potatoes may be sold as "creamer potatoes" and are particularly valued for taste. These are often harvested by the home gardener or farmer by "grabbling", i.e. pulling out the young tubers by hand while leaving the plant in place. A creamer potato is a variety of potato harvested before it matures to keep it small and tender. It is generally either a Yukon Gold potato or a red potato, called gold creamers or red creamers respectively, and measures approximately 2.5 cm in diameter. The skin of creamer potatoes is waxy and high in moisture content, and the flesh contains a lower level of starch than other potatoes. Like potatoes in general, they can be prepared by boiling, baking, frying, and roasting. Slightly older than creamer potatoes are "new potatoes", which are also prized for their taste and texture and often come from the same varieties.
Potatoes are usually cured after harvest to improve skin-set. Skin-set is the process by which the skin of the potato becomes resistant to skinning damage. Potato tubers may be susceptible to skinning at harvest and suffer skinning damage during harvest and handling operations. Curing allows the skin to fully set and any wounds to heal. Wound-healing prevents infection and water-loss from the tubers during storage. Curing is normally done at relatively warm temperatures 10 to 16 °C with high humidity and good gas-exchange if at all possible.
STORAGE
Storage facilities need to be carefully designed to keep the potatoes alive and slow the natural process of decomposition, which involves the breakdown of starch. It is crucial that the storage area is dark, ventilated well and, for long-term storage, maintained at temperatures near 4 °C. For short-term storage, temperatures of about 7 to 10 °C are preferred.
On the other hand, temperatures below 4 °C convert the starch in potatoes into sugar, which alters their taste and cooking qualities and leads to higher acrylamide levels in the cooked product, especially in deep-fried dishes. The discovery of acrylamides in starchy foods in 2002 has led to international health concerns. They are believed to be probable carcinogens and their occurrence in cooked foods is being studied for potentially influencing health problems.
Under optimum conditions in commercial warehouses, potatoes can be stored for up to 10–12 months. The commercial storage and retrieval of potatoes involves several phases: first drying surface moisture; wound healing at 85% to 95% relative humidity and temperatures below 25 °C; a staged cooling phase; a holding phase; and a reconditioning phase, during which the tubers are slowly warmed. Mechanical ventilation is used at various points during the process to prevent condensation and the accumulation of carbon dioxide.
When stored in homes unrefrigerated, the shelf life is usually a few weeks.
If potatoes develop green areas or start to sprout, trimming or peeling those green-colored parts is inadequate to remove copresent toxins, and such potatoes are no longer edible.
YIELD
The world dedicated 18.6 million ha in 2010 for potato cultivation. The average world farm yield for potato was 17.4 tonnes per hectare, in 2010. Potato farms in the United States were the most productive in 2010, with a nationwide average of 44.3 tonnes per hectare. United Kingdom was a close second.
New Zealand farmers have demonstrated some of the best commercial yields in the world, ranging between 60 and 80 tonnes per hectare, some reporting yields of 88 tonnes potatoes per hectare.
There is a big gap among various countries between high and low yields, even with the same variety of potato. Average potato yields in developed economies ranges between 38–44 tonnes per hectare. China and India accounted for over a third of world's production in 2010, and had yields of 14.7 and 19.9 tonnes per hectare respectively. The yield gap between farms in developing economies and developed economies represents an opportunity loss of over 400 million tonnes of potato, or an amount greater than 2010 world potato production. Potato crop yields are determined by factors such as the crop breed, seed age and quality, crop management practices and the plant environment. Improvements in one or more of these yield determinants, and a closure of the yield gap, can be a major boost to food supply and farmer incomes in the developing world.
USES
Potatoes are prepared in many ways: skin-on or peeled, whole or cut up, with seasonings or without. The only requirement involves cooking to swell the starch granules. Most potato dishes are served hot but some are first cooked, then served cold, notably potato salad and potato chips (crisps). Common dishes are: mashed potatoes, which are first boiled (usually peeled), and then mashed with milk or yogurt and butter; whole baked potatoes; boiled or steamed potatoes; French-fried potatoes or chips; cut into cubes and roasted; scalloped, diced, or sliced and fried (home fries); grated into small thin strips and fried (hash browns); grated and formed into dumplings, Rösti or potato pancakes. Unlike many foods, potatoes can also be easily cooked in a microwave oven and still retain nearly all of their nutritional value, provided they are covered in ventilated plastic wrap to prevent moisture from escaping; this method produces a meal very similar to a steamed potato, while retaining the appearance of a conventionally baked potato. Potato chunks also commonly appear as a stew ingredient. Potatoes are boiled between 10 and 25 minutes, depending on size and type, to become soft.
OTHER THAN FOR EATING
Potatoes are also used for purposes other than eating by humans, for example:
Potatoes are used to brew alcoholic beverages such as vodka, poitín, or akvavit.
They are also used as fodder for livestock. Livestock-grade potatoes, considered too small and/or blemished to sell or market for human use but suitable for fodder use, have been called chats in some dialects. They may be stored in bins until use; they are sometimes ensiled. Some farmers prefer to steam them rather than feed them raw and are equipped to do so efficiently.
Potato starch is used in the food industry as a thickener and binder for soups and sauces, in the textile industry as an adhesive, and for the manufacturing of papers and boards.
Maine companies are exploring the possibilities of using waste potatoes to obtain polylactic acid for use in plastic products; other research projects seek ways to use the starch as a base for biodegradable packaging.
Potato skins, along with honey, are a folk remedy for burns in India. Burn centres in India have experimented with the use of the thin outer skin layer to protect burns while healing.
Potatoes (mainly Russets) are commonly used in plant research. The consistent parenchyma tissue, the clonal nature of the plant and the low metabolic activity provide a very nice "model tissue" for experimentation. Wound-response studies are often done on potato tuber tissue, as are electron transport experiments. In this respect, potato tuber tissue is similar to Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Escherichia coli: they are all "standard" research organisms.
Potatoes have been delivered with personalized messages as a novelty. Potato delivery services include Potato Parcel and Mail A Spud.
WIKIPEDIA
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. Common or slang terms include tater, tattie and spud. Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice.
Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas, from the United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species traced a single origin for potatoes. In the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex, potatoes were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago. In the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous, some close relatives of the potato are cultivated.
Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 1,000 different types of potatoes. Over 99% of presently cultivated potatoes worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central Chile, which have displaced formerly popular varieties from the Andes.
The importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially eastern and central Europe, where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid expansion in production over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia, with China and India leading the world in overall production as of 2014.
Being a nightshade similar to tomatoes, the vegetative and fruiting parts of the potato contain the toxin solanine and are not fit for human consumption. Normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in amounts small enough to be negligible to human health, but if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health.
ETYMOLOGY
The English word potato comes from Spanish patata (the name used in Spain). The Spanish Royal Academy says the Spanish word is a hybrid of the Taíno batata (sweet potato) and the Quechua papa (potato). The name originally referred to the sweet potato although the two plants are not closely related. The 16th-century English herbalist John Gerard referred to sweet potatoes as "common potatoes", and used the terms "bastard potatoes" and "Virginia potatoes" for the species we now call "potato". In many of the chronicles detailing agriculture and plants, no distinction is made between the two. Potatoes are occasionally referred to as "Irish potatoes" or "white potatoes" in the United States, to distinguish them from sweet potatoes.
The name spud for a small potato comes from the digging of soil (or a hole) prior to the planting of potatoes. The word has an unknown origin and was originally (c. 1440) used as a term for a short knife or dagger, probably related to the Latin "spad-" a word root meaning "sword"; cf. Spanish "espada", English "spade" and "spadroon". It subsequently transferred over to a variety of digging tools. Around 1845, the name transferred to the tuber itself, the first record of this usage being in New Zealand English. The origin of the word "spud" has erroneously been attributed to an 18th-century activist group dedicated to keeping the potato out of Britain, calling itself The Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet (S.P.U.D.). It was Mario Pei's 1949 The Story of Language that can be blamed for the word's false origin. Pei writes, "the potato, for its part, was in disrepute some centuries ago. Some Englishmen who did not fancy potatoes formed a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet. The initials of the main words in this title gave rise to spud." Like most other pre-20th century acronymic origins, this is false, and there is no evidence that a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet ever existed.
CHARACTERISTICS
Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm high, depending on variety, with the leaves dying back after flowering, fruiting and tuber formation. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins. Potatoes are mostly cross-pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, though a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.
After flowering, potato plants produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing about 300 seeds. Like all parts of the plant except the tubers, the fruit contain the toxic alkaloid solanine and are therefore unsuitable for consumption. All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true potato seed", "TPS" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers. New varieties grown from seed can be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers, pieces of tubers cut to include at least one or two eyes, or cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Plants propagated from tubers are clones of the parent, whereas those propagated from seed produce a range of different varieties.
GENETICS
There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alone, mainly in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. Apart from the 5,000 cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties. Cross-breeding has been done repeatedly to transfer resistances to certain pests and diseases from the gene pool of wild species to the gene pool of cultivated potato species. Genetically modified varieties have met public resistance in the United States and in the European UnionThe major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated. There are also four diploid species (with 24 chromosomes): S. stenotomum, S. phureja, S. goniocalyx, and S. ajanhuiri. There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii. There is one pentaploid cultivated species (with 60 chromosomes): S. curtilobum. There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean. The Andean potato is adapted to the short-day conditions prevalent in the mountainous equatorial and tropical regions where it originated; the Chilean potato, however, native to the Chiloé Archipelago, is adapted to the long-day conditions prevalent in the higher latitude region of southern Chile.
The International Potato Center, based in Lima, Peru, holds an ISO-accredited collection of potato germplasm. The international Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium announced in 2009 that they had achieved a draft sequence of the potato genome. The potato genome contains 12 chromosomes and 860 million base pairs, making it a medium-sized plant genome. More than 99 percent of all current varieties of potatoes currently grown are direct descendants of a subspecies that once grew in the lowlands of south-central Chile. Nonetheless, genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species affirms that all potato subspecies derive from a single origin in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme Northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex). The wild Crop Wild Relatives Prebreeding project encourages the use of wild relatives in breeding programs. Enriching and preserving the gene bank collection to make potatoes adaptive to diverse environmental conditions is seen as a pressing issue due to climate change.
Most modern potatoes grown in North America arrived through European settlement and not independently from the South American sources, although at least one wild potato species, Solanum fendleri, naturally ranges from Peru into Texas, where it is used in breeding for resistance to a nematode species that attacks cultivated potatoes. A secondary center of genetic variability of the potato is Mexico, where important wild species that have been used extensively in modern breeding are found, such as the hexaploid Solanum demissum, as a source of resistance to the devastating late blight disease. Another relative native to this region, Solanum bulbocastanum, has been used to genetically engineer the potato to resist potato blight.
Potatoes yield abundantly with little effort, and adapt readily to diverse climates as long as the climate is cool and moist enough for the plants to gather sufficient water from the soil to form the starchy tubers. Potatoes do not keep very well in storage and are vulnerable to moulds that feed on the stored tubers and quickly turn them rotten, whereas crops such as grain can be stored for several years with a low risk of rot. The yield of Calories per acre (about 9.2 million) is higher than that of maize (7.5 million), rice (7.4 million), wheat (3 million), or soybean (2.8 million).
VARIETIES
There are close to 4,000 varieties of potato including common commercial varieties, each of which has specific agricultural or culinary attributes. Around 80 varieties are commercially available in the UK. In general, varieties are categorized into a few main groups based on common characteristics, such as russet potatoes (rough brown skin), red potatoes, white potatoes, yellow potatoes (also called Yukon potatoes) and purple potatoes.
For culinary purposes, varieties are often differentiated by their waxiness: floury or mealy baking potatoes have more starch (20–22%) than waxy boiling potatoes (16–18%). The distinction may also arise from variation in the comparative ratio of two different potato starch compounds: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose, a long-chain molecule, diffuses from the starch granule when cooked in water, and lends itself to dishes where the potato is mashed. Varieties that contain a slightly higher amylopectin content, which is a highly branched molecule, help the potato retain its shape after being boiled in water. Potatoes that are good for making potato chips or potato crisps are sometimes called "chipping potatoes", which means they meet the basic requirements of similar varietal characteristics, being firm, fairly clean, and fairly well-shaped.
The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions that is updated and maintained by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency within the framework of the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR)—which is run by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI).
PIGMENTATION
Dozens of potato cultivars have been selectively bred specifically for their skin or, more commonly, flesh color, including gold, red, and blue varieties that contain varying amounts of phytochemicals, including carotenoids for gold/yellow or polyphenols for red or blue cultivars. Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential nutrient, vitamin A, during digestion. Anthocyanins mainly responsible for red or blue pigmentation in potato cultivars do not have nutritional significance, but are used for visual variety and consumer appeal. Recently, as of 2010, potatoes have also been bioengineered specifically for these pigmentation traits.
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED POTATOES
Genetic research has produced several genetically modified varieties. 'New Leaf', owned by Monsanto Company, incorporates genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to the Colorado potato beetle; 'New Leaf Plus' and 'New Leaf Y', approved by US regulatory agencies during the 1990s, also include resistance to viruses. McDonald's, Burger King, Frito-Lay, and Procter & Gamble announced they would not use genetically modified potatoes, and Monsanto published its intent to discontinue the line in March 2001.
Waxy potato varieties produce two main kinds of potato starch, amylose and amylopectin, the latter of which is most industrially useful. BASF developed the Amflora potato, which was modified to express antisense RNA to inactivate the gene for granule bound starch synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the formation of amylose. Amflora potatoes therefore produce starch consisting almost entirely of amylopectin, and are thus more useful for the starch industry. In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food. Nevertheless, under EU rules, individual countries have the right to decide whether they will allow this potato to be grown on their territory. Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years. Another GM potato variety developed by BASF is 'Fortuna' which was made resistant to late blight by adding two resistance genes, blb1 and blb2, which originate from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum. In October 2011 BASF requested cultivation and marketing approval as a feed and food from the EFSA. In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF.
In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R. Simplot Company, which contains genetic modifications that prevent bruising and produce less acrylamide when fried than conventional potatoes; the modifications do not cause new proteins to be made, but rather prevent proteins from being made via RNA interference.
HISTORY
The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BC. It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries.
The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancon (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC. The most widely cultivated variety, Solanum tuberosum tuberosum, is indigenous to the Chiloé Archipelago, and has been cultivated by the local indigenous people since before the Spanish conquest.
According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. In the Altiplano, potatoes provided the principal energy source for the Inca civilization, its predecessors, and its Spanish successor. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century, part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. The potato was slow to be adopted by European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left the crop vulnerable to disease. In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in the crop failures that led to the Great Irish Famine. Thousands of varieties still persist in the Andes however, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household.
PRODUCTION
In 2016, world production of potatoes was 377 million tonnes, led by China with over 26% of the world total (see table). Other major producers were India, Russia, Ukraine and the United States. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially eastern and central Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia.
NUTRITION
A raw potato is 79% water, 17% carbohydrates (88% is starch), 2% protein, and contains negligible fat (see table). In an amount measuring 100 grams, raw potato provides 322 kilojoules (77 kilocalories) of energy and is a rich source of vitamin B6 and vitamin C (23% and 24% of the Daily Value, respectively), with no other vitamins or minerals in significant amount (see table). The potato is rarely eaten raw because raw potato starch is poorly digested by humans. When a potato is baked, its contents of vitamin B6 and vitamin C decline notably, while there is little significant change in the amount of other nutrients.
Potatoes are often broadly classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) and so are often excluded from the diets of individuals trying to follow a low-GI diet. The GI of potatoes can vary considerably depending on the cultivar or cultivar category (such as "red", russet, "white", or King Edward), growing conditions and storage, preparation methods (by cooking method, whether it is eaten hot or cold, whether it is mashed or cubed or consumed whole), and accompanying foods consumed (especially the addition of various high-fat or high-protein toppings). In particular, consuming reheated or cooled potatoes that were previously cooked may yield a lower GI effect.
In the UK, potatoes are not considered by the National Health Service (NHS) as counting or contributing towards the recommended daily five portions of fruit and vegetables, the 5-A-Day program.
COMPARISON TO OTHER STAPLE FOODS
This table shows the nutrient content of potatoes next to other major staple foods, each one measured in its respective raw state, even though staple foods are not commonly eaten raw and are usually sprouted or cooked before eating. In sprouted and cooked form, the relative nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of each of these grains (or other foods) may be different from the values in this table. Each nutrient (every row) has the highest number highlighted to show the staple food with the greatest amount in a 100-gram raw portion.
TOXICITY
Potatoes contain toxic compounds known as glycoalkaloids, of which the most prevalent are solanine and chaconine. Solanine is found in other plants in the same family, Solanaceae, which includes such plants as deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and tobacco (Nicotiana spp.), as well as the food plants eggplant and tomato. These compounds, which protect the potato plant from its predators, are generally concentrated in its leaves, flowers, sprouts, and fruits (in contrast to the tubers). In a summary of several studies, the glycoalkaloid content was highest in the flowers and sprouts and lowest in the tuber flesh. (The glycoalkaloid content was, in order from highest to lowest: flowers, sprouts, leaves, skin, roots, berries, peel [skin plus outer cortex of tuber flesh], stems, and tuber flesh.)
Exposure to light, physical damage, and age increase glycoalkaloid content within the tuber. Cooking at high temperatures—over 170 °C—partly destroys these compounds. The concentration of glycoalkaloids in wild potatoes is sufficient to produce toxic effects in humans. Glycoalkaloid poisoning may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps, and, in severe cases, coma and death. However, poisoning from cultivated potato varieties is very rare. Light exposure causes greening from chlorophyll synthesis, giving a visual clue as to which areas of the tuber may have become more toxic. However, this does not provide a definitive guide, as greening and glycoalkaloid accumulation can occur independently of each other.
Different potato varieties contain different levels of glycoalkaloids. The Lenape variety was released in 1967 but was withdrawn in 1970 as it contained high levels of glycoalkaloids. Since then, breeders developing new varieties test for this, and sometimes have to discard an otherwise promising cultivar. Breeders try to keep glycoalkaloid levels below 200 mg/kg). However, when these commercial varieties turn green, they can still approach solanine concentrations of 1000 mg/kg. In normal potatoes, analysis has shown solanine levels may be as little as 3.5% of the breeders' maximum, with 7–187 mg/kg being found. While a normal potato tuber has 12–20 mg/kg of glycoalkaloid content, a green potato tuber contains 250–280 mg/kg and its skin has 1500–2200 mg/kg.
GROWTH AND CULTIVATION
SEED POTATOES
Potatoes are generally grown from seed potatoes, tubers specifically grown to be free from disease and to provide consistent and healthy plants. To be disease free, the areas where seed potatoes are grown are selected with care. In the US, this restricts production of seed potatoes to only 15 states out of all 50 states where potatoes are grown. These locations are selected for their cold, hard winters that kill pests and summers with long sunshine hours for optimum growth. In the UK, most seed potatoes originate in Scotland, in areas where westerly winds prevent aphid attack and thus prevent spread of potato virus pathogens.
PHASES OF GROWTH
Potato growth is divided into five phases. During the first phase, sprouts emerge from the seed potatoes and root growth begins. During the second, photosynthesis begins as the plant develops leaves and branches. In the third phase, stolons develop from lower leaf axils on the stem and grow downwards into the ground and on these stolons new tubers develop as swellings of the stolon. This phase is often, but not always, associated with flowering. Tuber formation halts when soil temperatures reach 27 °C; hence potatoes are considered a cool-season, or winter, crop. Tuber bulking occurs during the fourth phase, when the plant begins investing the majority of its resources in its newly formed tubers. At this phase, several factors are critical to a good yield: optimal soil moisture and temperature, soil nutrient availability and balance, and resistance to pest attacks. The fifth and final phase is the maturation of the tubers: the plant canopy dies back, the tuber skins harden, and the sugars in the tubers convert to starches.
CHALLENGES
New tubers may start growing at the surface of the soil. Since exposure to light leads to an undesirable greening of the skins and the development of solanine as a protection from the sun's rays, growers cover surface tubers. Commercial growers cover them by piling additional soil around the base of the plant as it grows (called "hilling" up, or in British English "earthing up"). An alternative method, used by home gardeners and smaller-scale growers, involves covering the growing area with organic mulches such as straw or plastic sheets.
Correct potato husbandry can be an arduous task in some circumstances. Good ground preparation, harrowing, plowing, and rolling are always needed, along with a little grace from the weather and a good source of water. Three successive plowings, with associated harrowing and rolling, are desirable before planting. Eliminating all root-weeds is desirable in potato cultivation. In general, the potatoes themselves are grown from the eyes of another potato and not from seed. Home gardeners often plant a piece of potato with two or three eyes in a hill of mounded soil. Commercial growers plant potatoes as a row crop using seed tubers, young plants or microtubers and may mound the entire row. Seed potato crops are rogued in some countries to eliminate diseased plants or those of a different variety from the seed crop.
Potatoes are sensitive to heavy frosts, which damage them in the ground. Even cold weather makes potatoes more susceptible to bruising and possibly later rotting, which can quickly ruin a large stored crop.
PESTS
The historically significant Phytophthora infestans (late blight) remains an ongoing problem in Europe and the United States. Other potato diseases include Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, black leg, powdery mildew, powdery scab and leafroll virus.
Insects that commonly transmit potato diseases or damage the plants include the Colorado potato beetle, the potato tuber moth, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), the potato aphid, beet leafhoppers, thrips, and mites. The potato cyst nematode is a microscopic worm that thrives on the roots, thus causing the potato plants to wilt. Since its eggs can survive in the soil for several years, crop rotation is recommended.
During the crop year 2008, many of the certified organic potatoes produced in the United Kingdom and certified by the Soil Association as organic were sprayed with a copper pesticide to control potato blight (Phytophthora infestans). According to the Soil Association, the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6 kg/ha/year.
According to an Environmental Working Group analysis of USDA and FDA pesticide residue tests performed from 2000 through 2008, 84% of the 2,216 tested potato samples contained detectable traces of at least one pesticide. A total of 36 unique pesticides were detected on potatoes over the 2,216 samples, though no individual sample contained more than 6 unique pesticide traces, and the average was 1.29 detectable unique pesticide traces per sample. The average quantity of all pesticide traces found in the 2,216 samples was 1.602 ppm. While this was a very low value of pesticide residue, it was the highest amongst the 50 vegetables analyzed.
HARVEST
At harvest time, gardeners usually dig up potatoes with a long-handled, three-prong "grape" (or graip), i.e., a spading fork, or a potato hook, which is similar to the graip but with tines at a 90° angle to the handle. In larger plots, the plow is the fastest implement for unearthing potatoes. Commercial harvesting is typically done with large potato harvesters, which scoop up the plant and surrounding earth. This is transported up an apron chain consisting of steel links several feet wide, which separates some of the dirt. The chain deposits into an area where further separation occurs. Different designs use different systems at this point. The most complex designs use vine choppers and shakers, along with a blower system to separate the potatoes from the plant. The result is then usually run past workers who continue to sort out plant material, stones, and rotten potatoes before the potatoes are continuously delivered to a wagon or truck. Further inspection and separation occurs when the potatoes are unloaded from the field vehicles and put into storage.
Immature potatoes may be sold as "creamer potatoes" and are particularly valued for taste. These are often harvested by the home gardener or farmer by "grabbling", i.e. pulling out the young tubers by hand while leaving the plant in place. A creamer potato is a variety of potato harvested before it matures to keep it small and tender. It is generally either a Yukon Gold potato or a red potato, called gold creamers or red creamers respectively, and measures approximately 2.5 cm in diameter. The skin of creamer potatoes is waxy and high in moisture content, and the flesh contains a lower level of starch than other potatoes. Like potatoes in general, they can be prepared by boiling, baking, frying, and roasting. Slightly older than creamer potatoes are "new potatoes", which are also prized for their taste and texture and often come from the same varieties.
Potatoes are usually cured after harvest to improve skin-set. Skin-set is the process by which the skin of the potato becomes resistant to skinning damage. Potato tubers may be susceptible to skinning at harvest and suffer skinning damage during harvest and handling operations. Curing allows the skin to fully set and any wounds to heal. Wound-healing prevents infection and water-loss from the tubers during storage. Curing is normally done at relatively warm temperatures 10 to 16 °C with high humidity and good gas-exchange if at all possible.
STORAGE
Storage facilities need to be carefully designed to keep the potatoes alive and slow the natural process of decomposition, which involves the breakdown of starch. It is crucial that the storage area is dark, ventilated well and, for long-term storage, maintained at temperatures near 4 °C. For short-term storage, temperatures of about 7 to 10 °C are preferred.
On the other hand, temperatures below 4 °C convert the starch in potatoes into sugar, which alters their taste and cooking qualities and leads to higher acrylamide levels in the cooked product, especially in deep-fried dishes. The discovery of acrylamides in starchy foods in 2002 has led to international health concerns. They are believed to be probable carcinogens and their occurrence in cooked foods is being studied for potentially influencing health problems.
Under optimum conditions in commercial warehouses, potatoes can be stored for up to 10–12 months. The commercial storage and retrieval of potatoes involves several phases: first drying surface moisture; wound healing at 85% to 95% relative humidity and temperatures below 25 °C; a staged cooling phase; a holding phase; and a reconditioning phase, during which the tubers are slowly warmed. Mechanical ventilation is used at various points during the process to prevent condensation and the accumulation of carbon dioxide.
When stored in homes unrefrigerated, the shelf life is usually a few weeks.
If potatoes develop green areas or start to sprout, trimming or peeling those green-colored parts is inadequate to remove copresent toxins, and such potatoes are no longer edible.
YIELD
The world dedicated 18.6 million ha in 2010 for potato cultivation. The average world farm yield for potato was 17.4 tonnes per hectare, in 2010. Potato farms in the United States were the most productive in 2010, with a nationwide average of 44.3 tonnes per hectare. United Kingdom was a close second.
New Zealand farmers have demonstrated some of the best commercial yields in the world, ranging between 60 and 80 tonnes per hectare, some reporting yields of 88 tonnes potatoes per hectare.
There is a big gap among various countries between high and low yields, even with the same variety of potato. Average potato yields in developed economies ranges between 38–44 tonnes per hectare. China and India accounted for over a third of world's production in 2010, and had yields of 14.7 and 19.9 tonnes per hectare respectively. The yield gap between farms in developing economies and developed economies represents an opportunity loss of over 400 million tonnes of potato, or an amount greater than 2010 world potato production. Potato crop yields are determined by factors such as the crop breed, seed age and quality, crop management practices and the plant environment. Improvements in one or more of these yield determinants, and a closure of the yield gap, can be a major boost to food supply and farmer incomes in the developing world.
USES
Potatoes are prepared in many ways: skin-on or peeled, whole or cut up, with seasonings or without. The only requirement involves cooking to swell the starch granules. Most potato dishes are served hot but some are first cooked, then served cold, notably potato salad and potato chips (crisps). Common dishes are: mashed potatoes, which are first boiled (usually peeled), and then mashed with milk or yogurt and butter; whole baked potatoes; boiled or steamed potatoes; French-fried potatoes or chips; cut into cubes and roasted; scalloped, diced, or sliced and fried (home fries); grated into small thin strips and fried (hash browns); grated and formed into dumplings, Rösti or potato pancakes. Unlike many foods, potatoes can also be easily cooked in a microwave oven and still retain nearly all of their nutritional value, provided they are covered in ventilated plastic wrap to prevent moisture from escaping; this method produces a meal very similar to a steamed potato, while retaining the appearance of a conventionally baked potato. Potato chunks also commonly appear as a stew ingredient. Potatoes are boiled between 10 and 25 minutes, depending on size and type, to become soft.
OTHER THAN FOR EATING
Potatoes are also used for purposes other than eating by humans, for example:
Potatoes are used to brew alcoholic beverages such as vodka, poitín, or akvavit.
They are also used as fodder for livestock. Livestock-grade potatoes, considered too small and/or blemished to sell or market for human use but suitable for fodder use, have been called chats in some dialects. They may be stored in bins until use; they are sometimes ensiled. Some farmers prefer to steam them rather than feed them raw and are equipped to do so efficiently.
Potato starch is used in the food industry as a thickener and binder for soups and sauces, in the textile industry as an adhesive, and for the manufacturing of papers and boards.
Maine companies are exploring the possibilities of using waste potatoes to obtain polylactic acid for use in plastic products; other research projects seek ways to use the starch as a base for biodegradable packaging.
Potato skins, along with honey, are a folk remedy for burns in India. Burn centres in India have experimented with the use of the thin outer skin layer to protect burns while healing.
Potatoes (mainly Russets) are commonly used in plant research. The consistent parenchyma tissue, the clonal nature of the plant and the low metabolic activity provide a very nice "model tissue" for experimentation. Wound-response studies are often done on potato tuber tissue, as are electron transport experiments. In this respect, potato tuber tissue is similar to Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Escherichia coli: they are all "standard" research organisms.
Potatoes have been delivered with personalized messages as a novelty. Potato delivery services include Potato Parcel and Mail A Spud.
WIKIPEDIA
Polar Bear
"Region: America
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman” with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour. Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, this is usually pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. Common or slang terms include tater, tattie and spud. Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice.
Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas, from the United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species traced a single origin for potatoes. In the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex, potatoes were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago. In the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous, some close relatives of the potato are cultivated.
Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 1,000 different types of potatoes. Over 99% of presently cultivated potatoes worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central Chile, which have displaced formerly popular varieties from the Andes.
The importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially eastern and central Europe, where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid expansion in production over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia, with China and India leading the world in overall production as of 2014.
Being a nightshade similar to tomatoes, the vegetative and fruiting parts of the potato contain the toxin solanine and are not fit for human consumption. Normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in amounts small enough to be negligible to human health, but if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health.
ETYMOLOGY
The English word potato comes from Spanish patata (the name used in Spain). The Spanish Royal Academy says the Spanish word is a hybrid of the Taíno batata (sweet potato) and the Quechua papa (potato). The name originally referred to the sweet potato although the two plants are not closely related. The 16th-century English herbalist John Gerard referred to sweet potatoes as "common potatoes", and used the terms "bastard potatoes" and "Virginia potatoes" for the species we now call "potato". In many of the chronicles detailing agriculture and plants, no distinction is made between the two. Potatoes are occasionally referred to as "Irish potatoes" or "white potatoes" in the United States, to distinguish them from sweet potatoes.
The name spud for a small potato comes from the digging of soil (or a hole) prior to the planting of potatoes. The word has an unknown origin and was originally (c. 1440) used as a term for a short knife or dagger, probably related to the Latin "spad-" a word root meaning "sword"; cf. Spanish "espada", English "spade" and "spadroon". It subsequently transferred over to a variety of digging tools. Around 1845, the name transferred to the tuber itself, the first record of this usage being in New Zealand English. The origin of the word "spud" has erroneously been attributed to an 18th-century activist group dedicated to keeping the potato out of Britain, calling itself The Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet (S.P.U.D.). It was Mario Pei's 1949 The Story of Language that can be blamed for the word's false origin. Pei writes, "the potato, for its part, was in disrepute some centuries ago. Some Englishmen who did not fancy potatoes formed a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet. The initials of the main words in this title gave rise to spud." Like most other pre-20th century acronymic origins, this is false, and there is no evidence that a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet ever existed.
CHARACTERISTICS
Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm high, depending on variety, with the leaves dying back after flowering, fruiting and tuber formation. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins. Potatoes are mostly cross-pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, though a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.
After flowering, potato plants produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing about 300 seeds. Like all parts of the plant except the tubers, the fruit contain the toxic alkaloid solanine and are therefore unsuitable for consumption. All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true potato seed", "TPS" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers. New varieties grown from seed can be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers, pieces of tubers cut to include at least one or two eyes, or cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Plants propagated from tubers are clones of the parent, whereas those propagated from seed produce a range of different varieties.
GENETICS
There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alone, mainly in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. Apart from the 5,000 cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties. Cross-breeding has been done repeatedly to transfer resistances to certain pests and diseases from the gene pool of wild species to the gene pool of cultivated potato species. Genetically modified varieties have met public resistance in the United States and in the European UnionThe major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated. There are also four diploid species (with 24 chromosomes): S. stenotomum, S. phureja, S. goniocalyx, and S. ajanhuiri. There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii. There is one pentaploid cultivated species (with 60 chromosomes): S. curtilobum. There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean. The Andean potato is adapted to the short-day conditions prevalent in the mountainous equatorial and tropical regions where it originated; the Chilean potato, however, native to the Chiloé Archipelago, is adapted to the long-day conditions prevalent in the higher latitude region of southern Chile.
The International Potato Center, based in Lima, Peru, holds an ISO-accredited collection of potato germplasm. The international Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium announced in 2009 that they had achieved a draft sequence of the potato genome. The potato genome contains 12 chromosomes and 860 million base pairs, making it a medium-sized plant genome. More than 99 percent of all current varieties of potatoes currently grown are direct descendants of a subspecies that once grew in the lowlands of south-central Chile. Nonetheless, genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species affirms that all potato subspecies derive from a single origin in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme Northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex). The wild Crop Wild Relatives Prebreeding project encourages the use of wild relatives in breeding programs. Enriching and preserving the gene bank collection to make potatoes adaptive to diverse environmental conditions is seen as a pressing issue due to climate change.
Most modern potatoes grown in North America arrived through European settlement and not independently from the South American sources, although at least one wild potato species, Solanum fendleri, naturally ranges from Peru into Texas, where it is used in breeding for resistance to a nematode species that attacks cultivated potatoes. A secondary center of genetic variability of the potato is Mexico, where important wild species that have been used extensively in modern breeding are found, such as the hexaploid Solanum demissum, as a source of resistance to the devastating late blight disease. Another relative native to this region, Solanum bulbocastanum, has been used to genetically engineer the potato to resist potato blight.
Potatoes yield abundantly with little effort, and adapt readily to diverse climates as long as the climate is cool and moist enough for the plants to gather sufficient water from the soil to form the starchy tubers. Potatoes do not keep very well in storage and are vulnerable to moulds that feed on the stored tubers and quickly turn them rotten, whereas crops such as grain can be stored for several years with a low risk of rot. The yield of Calories per acre (about 9.2 million) is higher than that of maize (7.5 million), rice (7.4 million), wheat (3 million), or soybean (2.8 million).
VARIETIES
There are close to 4,000 varieties of potato including common commercial varieties, each of which has specific agricultural or culinary attributes. Around 80 varieties are commercially available in the UK. In general, varieties are categorized into a few main groups based on common characteristics, such as russet potatoes (rough brown skin), red potatoes, white potatoes, yellow potatoes (also called Yukon potatoes) and purple potatoes.
For culinary purposes, varieties are often differentiated by their waxiness: floury or mealy baking potatoes have more starch (20–22%) than waxy boiling potatoes (16–18%). The distinction may also arise from variation in the comparative ratio of two different potato starch compounds: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose, a long-chain molecule, diffuses from the starch granule when cooked in water, and lends itself to dishes where the potato is mashed. Varieties that contain a slightly higher amylopectin content, which is a highly branched molecule, help the potato retain its shape after being boiled in water. Potatoes that are good for making potato chips or potato crisps are sometimes called "chipping potatoes", which means they meet the basic requirements of similar varietal characteristics, being firm, fairly clean, and fairly well-shaped.
The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions that is updated and maintained by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency within the framework of the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR)—which is run by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI).
PIGMENTATION
Dozens of potato cultivars have been selectively bred specifically for their skin or, more commonly, flesh color, including gold, red, and blue varieties that contain varying amounts of phytochemicals, including carotenoids for gold/yellow or polyphenols for red or blue cultivars. Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential nutrient, vitamin A, during digestion. Anthocyanins mainly responsible for red or blue pigmentation in potato cultivars do not have nutritional significance, but are used for visual variety and consumer appeal. Recently, as of 2010, potatoes have also been bioengineered specifically for these pigmentation traits.
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED POTATOES
Genetic research has produced several genetically modified varieties. 'New Leaf', owned by Monsanto Company, incorporates genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to the Colorado potato beetle; 'New Leaf Plus' and 'New Leaf Y', approved by US regulatory agencies during the 1990s, also include resistance to viruses. McDonald's, Burger King, Frito-Lay, and Procter & Gamble announced they would not use genetically modified potatoes, and Monsanto published its intent to discontinue the line in March 2001.
Waxy potato varieties produce two main kinds of potato starch, amylose and amylopectin, the latter of which is most industrially useful. BASF developed the Amflora potato, which was modified to express antisense RNA to inactivate the gene for granule bound starch synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the formation of amylose. Amflora potatoes therefore produce starch consisting almost entirely of amylopectin, and are thus more useful for the starch industry. In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food. Nevertheless, under EU rules, individual countries have the right to decide whether they will allow this potato to be grown on their territory. Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years. Another GM potato variety developed by BASF is 'Fortuna' which was made resistant to late blight by adding two resistance genes, blb1 and blb2, which originate from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum. In October 2011 BASF requested cultivation and marketing approval as a feed and food from the EFSA. In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF.
In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R. Simplot Company, which contains genetic modifications that prevent bruising and produce less acrylamide when fried than conventional potatoes; the modifications do not cause new proteins to be made, but rather prevent proteins from being made via RNA interference.
HISTORY
The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BC. It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries.
The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancon (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC. The most widely cultivated variety, Solanum tuberosum tuberosum, is indigenous to the Chiloé Archipelago, and has been cultivated by the local indigenous people since before the Spanish conquest.
According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. In the Altiplano, potatoes provided the principal energy source for the Inca civilization, its predecessors, and its Spanish successor. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century, part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. The potato was slow to be adopted by European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left the crop vulnerable to disease. In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in the crop failures that led to the Great Irish Famine. Thousands of varieties still persist in the Andes however, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household.
PRODUCTION
In 2016, world production of potatoes was 377 million tonnes, led by China with over 26% of the world total (see table). Other major producers were India, Russia, Ukraine and the United States. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially eastern and central Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia.
NUTRITION
A raw potato is 79% water, 17% carbohydrates (88% is starch), 2% protein, and contains negligible fat (see table). In an amount measuring 100 grams, raw potato provides 322 kilojoules (77 kilocalories) of energy and is a rich source of vitamin B6 and vitamin C (23% and 24% of the Daily Value, respectively), with no other vitamins or minerals in significant amount (see table). The potato is rarely eaten raw because raw potato starch is poorly digested by humans. When a potato is baked, its contents of vitamin B6 and vitamin C decline notably, while there is little significant change in the amount of other nutrients.
Potatoes are often broadly classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) and so are often excluded from the diets of individuals trying to follow a low-GI diet. The GI of potatoes can vary considerably depending on the cultivar or cultivar category (such as "red", russet, "white", or King Edward), growing conditions and storage, preparation methods (by cooking method, whether it is eaten hot or cold, whether it is mashed or cubed or consumed whole), and accompanying foods consumed (especially the addition of various high-fat or high-protein toppings). In particular, consuming reheated or cooled potatoes that were previously cooked may yield a lower GI effect.
In the UK, potatoes are not considered by the National Health Service (NHS) as counting or contributing towards the recommended daily five portions of fruit and vegetables, the 5-A-Day program.
COMPARISON TO OTHER STAPLE FOODS
This table shows the nutrient content of potatoes next to other major staple foods, each one measured in its respective raw state, even though staple foods are not commonly eaten raw and are usually sprouted or cooked before eating. In sprouted and cooked form, the relative nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of each of these grains (or other foods) may be different from the values in this table. Each nutrient (every row) has the highest number highlighted to show the staple food with the greatest amount in a 100-gram raw portion.
TOXICITY
Potatoes contain toxic compounds known as glycoalkaloids, of which the most prevalent are solanine and chaconine. Solanine is found in other plants in the same family, Solanaceae, which includes such plants as deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and tobacco (Nicotiana spp.), as well as the food plants eggplant and tomato. These compounds, which protect the potato plant from its predators, are generally concentrated in its leaves, flowers, sprouts, and fruits (in contrast to the tubers). In a summary of several studies, the glycoalkaloid content was highest in the flowers and sprouts and lowest in the tuber flesh. (The glycoalkaloid content was, in order from highest to lowest: flowers, sprouts, leaves, skin, roots, berries, peel [skin plus outer cortex of tuber flesh], stems, and tuber flesh.)
Exposure to light, physical damage, and age increase glycoalkaloid content within the tuber. Cooking at high temperatures—over 170 °C—partly destroys these compounds. The concentration of glycoalkaloids in wild potatoes is sufficient to produce toxic effects in humans. Glycoalkaloid poisoning may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps, and, in severe cases, coma and death. However, poisoning from cultivated potato varieties is very rare. Light exposure causes greening from chlorophyll synthesis, giving a visual clue as to which areas of the tuber may have become more toxic. However, this does not provide a definitive guide, as greening and glycoalkaloid accumulation can occur independently of each other.
Different potato varieties contain different levels of glycoalkaloids. The Lenape variety was released in 1967 but was withdrawn in 1970 as it contained high levels of glycoalkaloids. Since then, breeders developing new varieties test for this, and sometimes have to discard an otherwise promising cultivar. Breeders try to keep glycoalkaloid levels below 200 mg/kg). However, when these commercial varieties turn green, they can still approach solanine concentrations of 1000 mg/kg. In normal potatoes, analysis has shown solanine levels may be as little as 3.5% of the breeders' maximum, with 7–187 mg/kg being found. While a normal potato tuber has 12–20 mg/kg of glycoalkaloid content, a green potato tuber contains 250–280 mg/kg and its skin has 1500–2200 mg/kg.
GROWTH AND CULTIVATION
SEED POTATOES
Potatoes are generally grown from seed potatoes, tubers specifically grown to be free from disease and to provide consistent and healthy plants. To be disease free, the areas where seed potatoes are grown are selected with care. In the US, this restricts production of seed potatoes to only 15 states out of all 50 states where potatoes are grown. These locations are selected for their cold, hard winters that kill pests and summers with long sunshine hours for optimum growth. In the UK, most seed potatoes originate in Scotland, in areas where westerly winds prevent aphid attack and thus prevent spread of potato virus pathogens.
PHASES OF GROWTH
Potato growth is divided into five phases. During the first phase, sprouts emerge from the seed potatoes and root growth begins. During the second, photosynthesis begins as the plant develops leaves and branches. In the third phase, stolons develop from lower leaf axils on the stem and grow downwards into the ground and on these stolons new tubers develop as swellings of the stolon. This phase is often, but not always, associated with flowering. Tuber formation halts when soil temperatures reach 27 °C; hence potatoes are considered a cool-season, or winter, crop. Tuber bulking occurs during the fourth phase, when the plant begins investing the majority of its resources in its newly formed tubers. At this phase, several factors are critical to a good yield: optimal soil moisture and temperature, soil nutrient availability and balance, and resistance to pest attacks. The fifth and final phase is the maturation of the tubers: the plant canopy dies back, the tuber skins harden, and the sugars in the tubers convert to starches.
CHALLENGES
New tubers may start growing at the surface of the soil. Since exposure to light leads to an undesirable greening of the skins and the development of solanine as a protection from the sun's rays, growers cover surface tubers. Commercial growers cover them by piling additional soil around the base of the plant as it grows (called "hilling" up, or in British English "earthing up"). An alternative method, used by home gardeners and smaller-scale growers, involves covering the growing area with organic mulches such as straw or plastic sheets.
Correct potato husbandry can be an arduous task in some circumstances. Good ground preparation, harrowing, plowing, and rolling are always needed, along with a little grace from the weather and a good source of water. Three successive plowings, with associated harrowing and rolling, are desirable before planting. Eliminating all root-weeds is desirable in potato cultivation. In general, the potatoes themselves are grown from the eyes of another potato and not from seed. Home gardeners often plant a piece of potato with two or three eyes in a hill of mounded soil. Commercial growers plant potatoes as a row crop using seed tubers, young plants or microtubers and may mound the entire row. Seed potato crops are rogued in some countries to eliminate diseased plants or those of a different variety from the seed crop.
Potatoes are sensitive to heavy frosts, which damage them in the ground. Even cold weather makes potatoes more susceptible to bruising and possibly later rotting, which can quickly ruin a large stored crop.
PESTS
The historically significant Phytophthora infestans (late blight) remains an ongoing problem in Europe and the United States. Other potato diseases include Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, black leg, powdery mildew, powdery scab and leafroll virus.
Insects that commonly transmit potato diseases or damage the plants include the Colorado potato beetle, the potato tuber moth, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), the potato aphid, beet leafhoppers, thrips, and mites. The potato cyst nematode is a microscopic worm that thrives on the roots, thus causing the potato plants to wilt. Since its eggs can survive in the soil for several years, crop rotation is recommended.
During the crop year 2008, many of the certified organic potatoes produced in the United Kingdom and certified by the Soil Association as organic were sprayed with a copper pesticide to control potato blight (Phytophthora infestans). According to the Soil Association, the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6 kg/ha/year.
According to an Environmental Working Group analysis of USDA and FDA pesticide residue tests performed from 2000 through 2008, 84% of the 2,216 tested potato samples contained detectable traces of at least one pesticide. A total of 36 unique pesticides were detected on potatoes over the 2,216 samples, though no individual sample contained more than 6 unique pesticide traces, and the average was 1.29 detectable unique pesticide traces per sample. The average quantity of all pesticide traces found in the 2,216 samples was 1.602 ppm. While this was a very low value of pesticide residue, it was the highest amongst the 50 vegetables analyzed.
HARVEST
At harvest time, gardeners usually dig up potatoes with a long-handled, three-prong "grape" (or graip), i.e., a spading fork, or a potato hook, which is similar to the graip but with tines at a 90° angle to the handle. In larger plots, the plow is the fastest implement for unearthing potatoes. Commercial harvesting is typically done with large potato harvesters, which scoop up the plant and surrounding earth. This is transported up an apron chain consisting of steel links several feet wide, which separates some of the dirt. The chain deposits into an area where further separation occurs. Different designs use different systems at this point. The most complex designs use vine choppers and shakers, along with a blower system to separate the potatoes from the plant. The result is then usually run past workers who continue to sort out plant material, stones, and rotten potatoes before the potatoes are continuously delivered to a wagon or truck. Further inspection and separation occurs when the potatoes are unloaded from the field vehicles and put into storage.
Immature potatoes may be sold as "creamer potatoes" and are particularly valued for taste. These are often harvested by the home gardener or farmer by "grabbling", i.e. pulling out the young tubers by hand while leaving the plant in place. A creamer potato is a variety of potato harvested before it matures to keep it small and tender. It is generally either a Yukon Gold potato or a red potato, called gold creamers or red creamers respectively, and measures approximately 2.5 cm in diameter. The skin of creamer potatoes is waxy and high in moisture content, and the flesh contains a lower level of starch than other potatoes. Like potatoes in general, they can be prepared by boiling, baking, frying, and roasting. Slightly older than creamer potatoes are "new potatoes", which are also prized for their taste and texture and often come from the same varieties.
Potatoes are usually cured after harvest to improve skin-set. Skin-set is the process by which the skin of the potato becomes resistant to skinning damage. Potato tubers may be susceptible to skinning at harvest and suffer skinning damage during harvest and handling operations. Curing allows the skin to fully set and any wounds to heal. Wound-healing prevents infection and water-loss from the tubers during storage. Curing is normally done at relatively warm temperatures 10 to 16 °C with high humidity and good gas-exchange if at all possible.
STORAGE
Storage facilities need to be carefully designed to keep the potatoes alive and slow the natural process of decomposition, which involves the breakdown of starch. It is crucial that the storage area is dark, ventilated well and, for long-term storage, maintained at temperatures near 4 °C. For short-term storage, temperatures of about 7 to 10 °C are preferred.
On the other hand, temperatures below 4 °C convert the starch in potatoes into sugar, which alters their taste and cooking qualities and leads to higher acrylamide levels in the cooked product, especially in deep-fried dishes. The discovery of acrylamides in starchy foods in 2002 has led to international health concerns. They are believed to be probable carcinogens and their occurrence in cooked foods is being studied for potentially influencing health problems.
Under optimum conditions in commercial warehouses, potatoes can be stored for up to 10–12 months. The commercial storage and retrieval of potatoes involves several phases: first drying surface moisture; wound healing at 85% to 95% relative humidity and temperatures below 25 °C; a staged cooling phase; a holding phase; and a reconditioning phase, during which the tubers are slowly warmed. Mechanical ventilation is used at various points during the process to prevent condensation and the accumulation of carbon dioxide.
When stored in homes unrefrigerated, the shelf life is usually a few weeks.
If potatoes develop green areas or start to sprout, trimming or peeling those green-colored parts is inadequate to remove copresent toxins, and such potatoes are no longer edible.
YIELD
The world dedicated 18.6 million ha in 2010 for potato cultivation. The average world farm yield for potato was 17.4 tonnes per hectare, in 2010. Potato farms in the United States were the most productive in 2010, with a nationwide average of 44.3 tonnes per hectare. United Kingdom was a close second.
New Zealand farmers have demonstrated some of the best commercial yields in the world, ranging between 60 and 80 tonnes per hectare, some reporting yields of 88 tonnes potatoes per hectare.
There is a big gap among various countries between high and low yields, even with the same variety of potato. Average potato yields in developed economies ranges between 38–44 tonnes per hectare. China and India accounted for over a third of world's production in 2010, and had yields of 14.7 and 19.9 tonnes per hectare respectively. The yield gap between farms in developing economies and developed economies represents an opportunity loss of over 400 million tonnes of potato, or an amount greater than 2010 world potato production. Potato crop yields are determined by factors such as the crop breed, seed age and quality, crop management practices and the plant environment. Improvements in one or more of these yield determinants, and a closure of the yield gap, can be a major boost to food supply and farmer incomes in the developing world.
USES
Potatoes are prepared in many ways: skin-on or peeled, whole or cut up, with seasonings or without. The only requirement involves cooking to swell the starch granules. Most potato dishes are served hot but some are first cooked, then served cold, notably potato salad and potato chips (crisps). Common dishes are: mashed potatoes, which are first boiled (usually peeled), and then mashed with milk or yogurt and butter; whole baked potatoes; boiled or steamed potatoes; French-fried potatoes or chips; cut into cubes and roasted; scalloped, diced, or sliced and fried (home fries); grated into small thin strips and fried (hash browns); grated and formed into dumplings, Rösti or potato pancakes. Unlike many foods, potatoes can also be easily cooked in a microwave oven and still retain nearly all of their nutritional value, provided they are covered in ventilated plastic wrap to prevent moisture from escaping; this method produces a meal very similar to a steamed potato, while retaining the appearance of a conventionally baked potato. Potato chunks also commonly appear as a stew ingredient. Potatoes are boiled between 10 and 25 minutes, depending on size and type, to become soft.
OTHER THAN FOR EATING
Potatoes are also used for purposes other than eating by humans, for example:
Potatoes are used to brew alcoholic beverages such as vodka, poitín, or akvavit.
They are also used as fodder for livestock. Livestock-grade potatoes, considered too small and/or blemished to sell or market for human use but suitable for fodder use, have been called chats in some dialects. They may be stored in bins until use; they are sometimes ensiled. Some farmers prefer to steam them rather than feed them raw and are equipped to do so efficiently.
Potato starch is used in the food industry as a thickener and binder for soups and sauces, in the textile industry as an adhesive, and for the manufacturing of papers and boards.
Maine companies are exploring the possibilities of using waste potatoes to obtain polylactic acid for use in plastic products; other research projects seek ways to use the starch as a base for biodegradable packaging.
Potato skins, along with honey, are a folk remedy for burns in India. Burn centres in India have experimented with the use of the thin outer skin layer to protect burns while healing.
Potatoes (mainly Russets) are commonly used in plant research. The consistent parenchyma tissue, the clonal nature of the plant and the low metabolic activity provide a very nice "model tissue" for experimentation. Wound-response studies are often done on potato tuber tissue, as are electron transport experiments. In this respect, potato tuber tissue is similar to Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Escherichia coli: they are all "standard" research organisms.
Potatoes have been delivered with personalized messages as a novelty. Potato delivery services include Potato Parcel and Mail A Spud.
WIKIPEDIA
One from today's garden photography session. This is a pigmentation pattern that I see from time-to-time. The dorsal surface has a band of orange/red pigmentation spots. The black spots are limited to the lateral areas. Just to complicate matters, abd.6 has only light speckled pigmentation.
[Part of a garden survey of the "novel" springtail Katiannidae Genus nov.1 sp. nov. that I'm doing with FransJanssens@www.collembola.org initially, to establish the size and differences between sexes and the various instars. As a result of the initial findings, Frans is suggesting that there are two distinct groups:
Group 1 - where abd.6 in adults is pale and there is little red pigmentation along the dorsal surface of the abdomen, and
Group 2 - where abd.6 in adults is dark and there is (sometimes) significant red pigmentation along the dorsal surface of the abdomen..
Canon MP-E65mm Macro (at 5x) + 1.4x tele-extender + 25mm extension tube + diffused YN24EX flash. This specimen ~1.05 mm. Cropped.]
Highdown Gardens, near Worthing, West Sussex.
From Wikipedia -
The chokeberries (Aronia) are two to three species of deciduous shrubs in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America. They are most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.
Chokeberries are cultivated as ornamental plants and also because they are very high in antioxidant pigment compounds, like anthocyanins. The name "chokeberry" comes from the astringency of the fruits which are inedible when raw. The berries can be used to make wine, jam, syrup, juice, soft spreads, tea and tinctures. The fruits are eaten by birds (birds do not taste astringency and feed on them readily), which then disperse the seeds in their droppings.
The chokeberries are often mistakenly called chokecherries, which is the common name for Prunus virginiana. Further adding to the ambiguity, there is a cultivar of Prunus virginiana named 'Melanocarpa', easily confused with Aronia melanocarpa. Chokecherries are also high in antioxidant pigment compounds, like anthocyanins, further contributing to confusion. In fact, the two plants are only distantly related within the Rosaceae.
Identification and taxonomy
The leaves are alternate, simple, and oblanceolate with crenate margins and pinnate venation; in autumn the leaves turn a bold red color. Dark trichomes are present on the upper midrib surface. The flowers are small, with 5 petals and 5 sepals, and produced in corymbs of 10-25 together. Hypanthium is urn-shaped. The fruit is a small pome, with a very astringent, bitter flavor.
Aronia has been thought to be closely related to Photinia, and has been included in that genus in some classifications, but botanist Cornelis Kalkman observed that a combined genus should be under the older name Aronia. The combined genus contains about 65 species. In 2004, Kalkman expressed doubt about the monophyly of the combined group, and new molecular studies confirm this. They do not place these two genera together or even near one another.
In eastern North America, there are two well-known species, named after their fruit color, red chokeberry and black chokeberry, plus a purple chokeberry whose origin is a natural hybrid of the two.
Red chokeberry, Aronia arbutifolia (Photinia pyrifolia), grows to 2–4m tall, rarely up to 6 m. Leaves are 5–8cm wide and densely pubescent on the underside. The flowers are white or pale pink, 1cm wide, with glandular sepals. The fruit is red, 4–10mm wide, persisting into winter.
Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)
Black chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa (Photinia melanocarpa), tends to be smaller, rarely exceeding 1m tall, rarely 3 m, and spreads readily by root sprouts. The leaves are smaller, not more than 6-cm wide, with terminal glands on leaf teeth and a glabrous underside. The flowers are white, 1.5cm wide, with glabrous sepals. The fruit is black, 6–9mm wide, not persisting into winter.
The Purple chokeberry, Aronia prunifolia (Photinia floribunda) apparently originated as a hybrid of the black and red chokeberries but might be more accurately considered a distinct species than a hybrid (see also nothospecies). Leaves are moderately pubescent on the underside. Few to no glands are present on the sepal surface. The fruit is dark purple to black, 7–10mm in width, not persisting into winter. There are purple chokeberry populations which seem to be self-sustaining independent of the two parent species – including an introduced one in northern Germany where neither parent species occurs –, leading botanist Alan Weakley to consider it a full species rather than a hybrid.] The range of the purple chokeberry is roughly that of the black chokeberry; it is found in areas (such as Michigan and Missouri) where the red chokeberry is not. It has been variously considered as a third species, a hybrid, or a variety of one of the other species, and has caused much confusion (for example, being misidentified as a red chokeberry).
Products and uses
The chokeberries are attractive ornamental plants for gardens. They are naturally understory and woodland edge plants, and grow well when planted under trees. Chokeberries are resistant to drought, insects, pollution, and disease. Several cultivars have been developed for garden planting, including A. arbutifolia 'Brilliant', selected for its striking fall leaf color. A. melanocarpa 'Viking' and 'Nero' were selected for larger fruit suitable for jam-making, and because they are self-fertile only one plant is needed to produce fruit.
Juice from these berries is astringent and not sweet, but high in vitamin C and antioxidants. The berries can be used to make wine, jam, syrup, juice, soft spreads, and tea. In The U.S. Aronia berries are used in mass-marketed juice blends for color and marketed for their antioxidant properties. In Poland they are dried to make an herbal tea. The tea is usually a blend with other more flavorful ingredients including blackcurrant. Aronia is also used as a flavoring or colorant for beverages or yogurts.
The red chokeberry's fruit is more palatable and can be eaten raw. It has a sweeter flavor than the black species and is used to make jam or pemmican.
Antioxidant qualities
Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) has attracted scientific interest due to its deep purple, almost black pigmentation that arises from dense contents of phenolic phytochemicals, especially anthocyanins. Total anthocyanin content in chokeberries is 1480 mg per 100 g of fresh berries, and proanthocyanidin concentration is 664 mg per 100 g. Both values are among the highest measured in plants to date.
The plant produces these pigments mainly in the skin of the berries to protect the pulp and seeds from constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation. By absorbing UV rays in the blue-purple spectrum, pigments filter intense sunlight and thereby have a role assuring regeneration of the species. Brightly colorful pigmentation also attracts birds and other animals to consume the fruit and disperse the seeds in their droppings.
Anthocyanins not only contribute toward chokeberry's astringent property (that would deter pests and infections) but also give Aronia melanocarpa extraordinary antioxidant strength that combats oxidative stress in the fruit during photosynthesis.
There is growing appreciation for consumers to increase their intake of antioxidant-rich plant foods from colorful sources like berries, tree or citrus fruits, vegetables, grains, and spices. Accordingly, a deep blue food source such as chokeberry yields anthocyanins in high concentrations per serving, indicating potential value as a functional food or nutraceutical.
Analysis of anthocyanins in chokeberries has identified the following individual chemicals (among hundreds known to exist in the plant kingdom): cyanidin-3-galactoside, epicatechin, caffeic acid, quercetin, delphinidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin. All these are members of the flavonoid category of antioxidant phenolics.
Efficacy in disease models
Chokeberries' rich antioxidant content may be beneficial as a dietary preventative for reducing the risk of diseases caused by oxidative stress. Among the models under evaluation where preliminary results show benefits of chokeberry anthocyanins are colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation, gastric mucosal disorders (peptic ulcer), eye inflammation (uveitis) and liver failure.
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself. Common or slang terms include tater, tattie and spud. Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice.
Wild potato species can be found throughout the Americas, from the United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species traced a single origin for potatoes. In the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex, potatoes were domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago. In the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous, some close relatives of the potato are cultivated.
Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 1,000 different types of potatoes. Over 99% of presently cultivated potatoes worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central Chile, which have displaced formerly popular varieties from the Andes.
The importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially eastern and central Europe, where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid expansion in production over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia, with China and India leading the world in overall production as of 2014.
Being a nightshade similar to tomatoes, the vegetative and fruiting parts of the potato contain the toxin solanine and are not fit for human consumption. Normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in amounts small enough to be negligible to human health, but if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health.
ETYMOLOGY
The English word potato comes from Spanish patata (the name used in Spain). The Spanish Royal Academy says the Spanish word is a hybrid of the Taíno batata (sweet potato) and the Quechua papa (potato). The name originally referred to the sweet potato although the two plants are not closely related. The 16th-century English herbalist John Gerard referred to sweet potatoes as "common potatoes", and used the terms "bastard potatoes" and "Virginia potatoes" for the species we now call "potato". In many of the chronicles detailing agriculture and plants, no distinction is made between the two. Potatoes are occasionally referred to as "Irish potatoes" or "white potatoes" in the United States, to distinguish them from sweet potatoes.
The name spud for a small potato comes from the digging of soil (or a hole) prior to the planting of potatoes. The word has an unknown origin and was originally (c. 1440) used as a term for a short knife or dagger, probably related to the Latin "spad-" a word root meaning "sword"; cf. Spanish "espada", English "spade" and "spadroon". It subsequently transferred over to a variety of digging tools. Around 1845, the name transferred to the tuber itself, the first record of this usage being in New Zealand English. The origin of the word "spud" has erroneously been attributed to an 18th-century activist group dedicated to keeping the potato out of Britain, calling itself The Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet (S.P.U.D.). It was Mario Pei's 1949 The Story of Language that can be blamed for the word's false origin. Pei writes, "the potato, for its part, was in disrepute some centuries ago. Some Englishmen who did not fancy potatoes formed a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet. The initials of the main words in this title gave rise to spud." Like most other pre-20th century acronymic origins, this is false, and there is no evidence that a Society for the Prevention of Unwholesome Diet ever existed.
CHARACTERISTICS
Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm high, depending on variety, with the leaves dying back after flowering, fruiting and tuber formation. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins. Potatoes are mostly cross-pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, though a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.
After flowering, potato plants produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing about 300 seeds. Like all parts of the plant except the tubers, the fruit contain the toxic alkaloid solanine and are therefore unsuitable for consumption. All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true potato seed", "TPS" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers. New varieties grown from seed can be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers, pieces of tubers cut to include at least one or two eyes, or cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Plants propagated from tubers are clones of the parent, whereas those propagated from seed produce a range of different varieties.
GENETICS
There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alone, mainly in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. Apart from the 5,000 cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties. Cross-breeding has been done repeatedly to transfer resistances to certain pests and diseases from the gene pool of wild species to the gene pool of cultivated potato species. Genetically modified varieties have met public resistance in the United States and in the European UnionThe major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated. There are also four diploid species (with 24 chromosomes): S. stenotomum, S. phureja, S. goniocalyx, and S. ajanhuiri. There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii. There is one pentaploid cultivated species (with 60 chromosomes): S. curtilobum. There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean. The Andean potato is adapted to the short-day conditions prevalent in the mountainous equatorial and tropical regions where it originated; the Chilean potato, however, native to the Chiloé Archipelago, is adapted to the long-day conditions prevalent in the higher latitude region of southern Chile.
The International Potato Center, based in Lima, Peru, holds an ISO-accredited collection of potato germplasm. The international Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium announced in 2009 that they had achieved a draft sequence of the potato genome. The potato genome contains 12 chromosomes and 860 million base pairs, making it a medium-sized plant genome. More than 99 percent of all current varieties of potatoes currently grown are direct descendants of a subspecies that once grew in the lowlands of south-central Chile. Nonetheless, genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species affirms that all potato subspecies derive from a single origin in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme Northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex). The wild Crop Wild Relatives Prebreeding project encourages the use of wild relatives in breeding programs. Enriching and preserving the gene bank collection to make potatoes adaptive to diverse environmental conditions is seen as a pressing issue due to climate change.
Most modern potatoes grown in North America arrived through European settlement and not independently from the South American sources, although at least one wild potato species, Solanum fendleri, naturally ranges from Peru into Texas, where it is used in breeding for resistance to a nematode species that attacks cultivated potatoes. A secondary center of genetic variability of the potato is Mexico, where important wild species that have been used extensively in modern breeding are found, such as the hexaploid Solanum demissum, as a source of resistance to the devastating late blight disease. Another relative native to this region, Solanum bulbocastanum, has been used to genetically engineer the potato to resist potato blight.
Potatoes yield abundantly with little effort, and adapt readily to diverse climates as long as the climate is cool and moist enough for the plants to gather sufficient water from the soil to form the starchy tubers. Potatoes do not keep very well in storage and are vulnerable to moulds that feed on the stored tubers and quickly turn them rotten, whereas crops such as grain can be stored for several years with a low risk of rot. The yield of Calories per acre (about 9.2 million) is higher than that of maize (7.5 million), rice (7.4 million), wheat (3 million), or soybean (2.8 million).
VARIETIES
There are close to 4,000 varieties of potato including common commercial varieties, each of which has specific agricultural or culinary attributes. Around 80 varieties are commercially available in the UK. In general, varieties are categorized into a few main groups based on common characteristics, such as russet potatoes (rough brown skin), red potatoes, white potatoes, yellow potatoes (also called Yukon potatoes) and purple potatoes.
For culinary purposes, varieties are often differentiated by their waxiness: floury or mealy baking potatoes have more starch (20–22%) than waxy boiling potatoes (16–18%). The distinction may also arise from variation in the comparative ratio of two different potato starch compounds: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose, a long-chain molecule, diffuses from the starch granule when cooked in water, and lends itself to dishes where the potato is mashed. Varieties that contain a slightly higher amylopectin content, which is a highly branched molecule, help the potato retain its shape after being boiled in water. Potatoes that are good for making potato chips or potato crisps are sometimes called "chipping potatoes", which means they meet the basic requirements of similar varietal characteristics, being firm, fairly clean, and fairly well-shaped.
The European Cultivated Potato Database (ECPD) is an online collaborative database of potato variety descriptions that is updated and maintained by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency within the framework of the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR)—which is run by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI).
PIGMENTATION
Dozens of potato cultivars have been selectively bred specifically for their skin or, more commonly, flesh color, including gold, red, and blue varieties that contain varying amounts of phytochemicals, including carotenoids for gold/yellow or polyphenols for red or blue cultivars. Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential nutrient, vitamin A, during digestion. Anthocyanins mainly responsible for red or blue pigmentation in potato cultivars do not have nutritional significance, but are used for visual variety and consumer appeal. Recently, as of 2010, potatoes have also been bioengineered specifically for these pigmentation traits.
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED POTATOES
Genetic research has produced several genetically modified varieties. 'New Leaf', owned by Monsanto Company, incorporates genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to the Colorado potato beetle; 'New Leaf Plus' and 'New Leaf Y', approved by US regulatory agencies during the 1990s, also include resistance to viruses. McDonald's, Burger King, Frito-Lay, and Procter & Gamble announced they would not use genetically modified potatoes, and Monsanto published its intent to discontinue the line in March 2001.
Waxy potato varieties produce two main kinds of potato starch, amylose and amylopectin, the latter of which is most industrially useful. BASF developed the Amflora potato, which was modified to express antisense RNA to inactivate the gene for granule bound starch synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the formation of amylose. Amflora potatoes therefore produce starch consisting almost entirely of amylopectin, and are thus more useful for the starch industry. In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food. Nevertheless, under EU rules, individual countries have the right to decide whether they will allow this potato to be grown on their territory. Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years. Another GM potato variety developed by BASF is 'Fortuna' which was made resistant to late blight by adding two resistance genes, blb1 and blb2, which originate from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum. In October 2011 BASF requested cultivation and marketing approval as a feed and food from the EFSA. In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF.
In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R. Simplot Company, which contains genetic modifications that prevent bruising and produce less acrylamide when fried than conventional potatoes; the modifications do not cause new proteins to be made, but rather prevent proteins from being made via RNA interference.
HISTORY
The potato was first domesticated in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BC. It has since spread around the world and become a staple crop in many countries.
The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancon (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC. The most widely cultivated variety, Solanum tuberosum tuberosum, is indigenous to the Chiloé Archipelago, and has been cultivated by the local indigenous people since before the Spanish conquest.
According to conservative estimates, the introduction of the potato was responsible for a quarter of the growth in Old World population and urbanization between 1700 and 1900. In the Altiplano, potatoes provided the principal energy source for the Inca civilization, its predecessors, and its Spanish successor. Following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, the Spanish introduced the potato to Europe in the second half of the 16th century, part of the Columbian exchange. The staple was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. The potato was slow to be adopted by European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. However, lack of genetic diversity, due to the very limited number of varieties initially introduced, left the crop vulnerable to disease. In 1845, a plant disease known as late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete Phytophthora infestans, spread rapidly through the poorer communities of western Ireland as well as parts of the Scottish Highlands, resulting in the crop failures that led to the Great Irish Famine. Thousands of varieties still persist in the Andes however, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household.
PRODUCTION
In 2016, world production of potatoes was 377 million tonnes, led by China with over 26% of the world total (see table). Other major producers were India, Russia, Ukraine and the United States. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially eastern and central Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia.
NUTRITION
A raw potato is 79% water, 17% carbohydrates (88% is starch), 2% protein, and contains negligible fat (see table). In an amount measuring 100 grams, raw potato provides 322 kilojoules (77 kilocalories) of energy and is a rich source of vitamin B6 and vitamin C (23% and 24% of the Daily Value, respectively), with no other vitamins or minerals in significant amount (see table). The potato is rarely eaten raw because raw potato starch is poorly digested by humans. When a potato is baked, its contents of vitamin B6 and vitamin C decline notably, while there is little significant change in the amount of other nutrients.
Potatoes are often broadly classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) and so are often excluded from the diets of individuals trying to follow a low-GI diet. The GI of potatoes can vary considerably depending on the cultivar or cultivar category (such as "red", russet, "white", or King Edward), growing conditions and storage, preparation methods (by cooking method, whether it is eaten hot or cold, whether it is mashed or cubed or consumed whole), and accompanying foods consumed (especially the addition of various high-fat or high-protein toppings). In particular, consuming reheated or cooled potatoes that were previously cooked may yield a lower GI effect.
In the UK, potatoes are not considered by the National Health Service (NHS) as counting or contributing towards the recommended daily five portions of fruit and vegetables, the 5-A-Day program.
COMPARISON TO OTHER STAPLE FOODS
This table shows the nutrient content of potatoes next to other major staple foods, each one measured in its respective raw state, even though staple foods are not commonly eaten raw and are usually sprouted or cooked before eating. In sprouted and cooked form, the relative nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of each of these grains (or other foods) may be different from the values in this table. Each nutrient (every row) has the highest number highlighted to show the staple food with the greatest amount in a 100-gram raw portion.
TOXICITY
Potatoes contain toxic compounds known as glycoalkaloids, of which the most prevalent are solanine and chaconine. Solanine is found in other plants in the same family, Solanaceae, which includes such plants as deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and tobacco (Nicotiana spp.), as well as the food plants eggplant and tomato. These compounds, which protect the potato plant from its predators, are generally concentrated in its leaves, flowers, sprouts, and fruits (in contrast to the tubers). In a summary of several studies, the glycoalkaloid content was highest in the flowers and sprouts and lowest in the tuber flesh. (The glycoalkaloid content was, in order from highest to lowest: flowers, sprouts, leaves, skin, roots, berries, peel [skin plus outer cortex of tuber flesh], stems, and tuber flesh.)
Exposure to light, physical damage, and age increase glycoalkaloid content within the tuber. Cooking at high temperatures—over 170 °C—partly destroys these compounds. The concentration of glycoalkaloids in wild potatoes is sufficient to produce toxic effects in humans. Glycoalkaloid poisoning may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps, and, in severe cases, coma and death. However, poisoning from cultivated potato varieties is very rare. Light exposure causes greening from chlorophyll synthesis, giving a visual clue as to which areas of the tuber may have become more toxic. However, this does not provide a definitive guide, as greening and glycoalkaloid accumulation can occur independently of each other.
Different potato varieties contain different levels of glycoalkaloids. The Lenape variety was released in 1967 but was withdrawn in 1970 as it contained high levels of glycoalkaloids. Since then, breeders developing new varieties test for this, and sometimes have to discard an otherwise promising cultivar. Breeders try to keep glycoalkaloid levels below 200 mg/kg). However, when these commercial varieties turn green, they can still approach solanine concentrations of 1000 mg/kg. In normal potatoes, analysis has shown solanine levels may be as little as 3.5% of the breeders' maximum, with 7–187 mg/kg being found. While a normal potato tuber has 12–20 mg/kg of glycoalkaloid content, a green potato tuber contains 250–280 mg/kg and its skin has 1500–2200 mg/kg.
GROWTH AND CULTIVATION
SEED POTATOES
Potatoes are generally grown from seed potatoes, tubers specifically grown to be free from disease and to provide consistent and healthy plants. To be disease free, the areas where seed potatoes are grown are selected with care. In the US, this restricts production of seed potatoes to only 15 states out of all 50 states where potatoes are grown. These locations are selected for their cold, hard winters that kill pests and summers with long sunshine hours for optimum growth. In the UK, most seed potatoes originate in Scotland, in areas where westerly winds prevent aphid attack and thus prevent spread of potato virus pathogens.
PHASES OF GROWTH
Potato growth is divided into five phases. During the first phase, sprouts emerge from the seed potatoes and root growth begins. During the second, photosynthesis begins as the plant develops leaves and branches. In the third phase, stolons develop from lower leaf axils on the stem and grow downwards into the ground and on these stolons new tubers develop as swellings of the stolon. This phase is often, but not always, associated with flowering. Tuber formation halts when soil temperatures reach 27 °C; hence potatoes are considered a cool-season, or winter, crop. Tuber bulking occurs during the fourth phase, when the plant begins investing the majority of its resources in its newly formed tubers. At this phase, several factors are critical to a good yield: optimal soil moisture and temperature, soil nutrient availability and balance, and resistance to pest attacks. The fifth and final phase is the maturation of the tubers: the plant canopy dies back, the tuber skins harden, and the sugars in the tubers convert to starches.
CHALLENGES
New tubers may start growing at the surface of the soil. Since exposure to light leads to an undesirable greening of the skins and the development of solanine as a protection from the sun's rays, growers cover surface tubers. Commercial growers cover them by piling additional soil around the base of the plant as it grows (called "hilling" up, or in British English "earthing up"). An alternative method, used by home gardeners and smaller-scale growers, involves covering the growing area with organic mulches such as straw or plastic sheets.
Correct potato husbandry can be an arduous task in some circumstances. Good ground preparation, harrowing, plowing, and rolling are always needed, along with a little grace from the weather and a good source of water. Three successive plowings, with associated harrowing and rolling, are desirable before planting. Eliminating all root-weeds is desirable in potato cultivation. In general, the potatoes themselves are grown from the eyes of another potato and not from seed. Home gardeners often plant a piece of potato with two or three eyes in a hill of mounded soil. Commercial growers plant potatoes as a row crop using seed tubers, young plants or microtubers and may mound the entire row. Seed potato crops are rogued in some countries to eliminate diseased plants or those of a different variety from the seed crop.
Potatoes are sensitive to heavy frosts, which damage them in the ground. Even cold weather makes potatoes more susceptible to bruising and possibly later rotting, which can quickly ruin a large stored crop.
PESTS
The historically significant Phytophthora infestans (late blight) remains an ongoing problem in Europe and the United States. Other potato diseases include Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, black leg, powdery mildew, powdery scab and leafroll virus.
Insects that commonly transmit potato diseases or damage the plants include the Colorado potato beetle, the potato tuber moth, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), the potato aphid, beet leafhoppers, thrips, and mites. The potato cyst nematode is a microscopic worm that thrives on the roots, thus causing the potato plants to wilt. Since its eggs can survive in the soil for several years, crop rotation is recommended.
During the crop year 2008, many of the certified organic potatoes produced in the United Kingdom and certified by the Soil Association as organic were sprayed with a copper pesticide to control potato blight (Phytophthora infestans). According to the Soil Association, the total copper that can be applied to organic land is 6 kg/ha/year.
According to an Environmental Working Group analysis of USDA and FDA pesticide residue tests performed from 2000 through 2008, 84% of the 2,216 tested potato samples contained detectable traces of at least one pesticide. A total of 36 unique pesticides were detected on potatoes over the 2,216 samples, though no individual sample contained more than 6 unique pesticide traces, and the average was 1.29 detectable unique pesticide traces per sample. The average quantity of all pesticide traces found in the 2,216 samples was 1.602 ppm. While this was a very low value of pesticide residue, it was the highest amongst the 50 vegetables analyzed.
HARVEST
At harvest time, gardeners usually dig up potatoes with a long-handled, three-prong "grape" (or graip), i.e., a spading fork, or a potato hook, which is similar to the graip but with tines at a 90° angle to the handle. In larger plots, the plow is the fastest implement for unearthing potatoes. Commercial harvesting is typically done with large potato harvesters, which scoop up the plant and surrounding earth. This is transported up an apron chain consisting of steel links several feet wide, which separates some of the dirt. The chain deposits into an area where further separation occurs. Different designs use different systems at this point. The most complex designs use vine choppers and shakers, along with a blower system to separate the potatoes from the plant. The result is then usually run past workers who continue to sort out plant material, stones, and rotten potatoes before the potatoes are continuously delivered to a wagon or truck. Further inspection and separation occurs when the potatoes are unloaded from the field vehicles and put into storage.
Immature potatoes may be sold as "creamer potatoes" and are particularly valued for taste. These are often harvested by the home gardener or farmer by "grabbling", i.e. pulling out the young tubers by hand while leaving the plant in place. A creamer potato is a variety of potato harvested before it matures to keep it small and tender. It is generally either a Yukon Gold potato or a red potato, called gold creamers or red creamers respectively, and measures approximately 2.5 cm in diameter. The skin of creamer potatoes is waxy and high in moisture content, and the flesh contains a lower level of starch than other potatoes. Like potatoes in general, they can be prepared by boiling, baking, frying, and roasting. Slightly older than creamer potatoes are "new potatoes", which are also prized for their taste and texture and often come from the same varieties.
Potatoes are usually cured after harvest to improve skin-set. Skin-set is the process by which the skin of the potato becomes resistant to skinning damage. Potato tubers may be susceptible to skinning at harvest and suffer skinning damage during harvest and handling operations. Curing allows the skin to fully set and any wounds to heal. Wound-healing prevents infection and water-loss from the tubers during storage. Curing is normally done at relatively warm temperatures 10 to 16 °C with high humidity and good gas-exchange if at all possible.
STORAGE
Storage facilities need to be carefully designed to keep the potatoes alive and slow the natural process of decomposition, which involves the breakdown of starch. It is crucial that the storage area is dark, ventilated well and, for long-term storage, maintained at temperatures near 4 °C. For short-term storage, temperatures of about 7 to 10 °C are preferred.
On the other hand, temperatures below 4 °C convert the starch in potatoes into sugar, which alters their taste and cooking qualities and leads to higher acrylamide levels in the cooked product, especially in deep-fried dishes. The discovery of acrylamides in starchy foods in 2002 has led to international health concerns. They are believed to be probable carcinogens and their occurrence in cooked foods is being studied for potentially influencing health problems.
Under optimum conditions in commercial warehouses, potatoes can be stored for up to 10–12 months. The commercial storage and retrieval of potatoes involves several phases: first drying surface moisture; wound healing at 85% to 95% relative humidity and temperatures below 25 °C; a staged cooling phase; a holding phase; and a reconditioning phase, during which the tubers are slowly warmed. Mechanical ventilation is used at various points during the process to prevent condensation and the accumulation of carbon dioxide.
When stored in homes unrefrigerated, the shelf life is usually a few weeks.
If potatoes develop green areas or start to sprout, trimming or peeling those green-colored parts is inadequate to remove copresent toxins, and such potatoes are no longer edible.
YIELD
The world dedicated 18.6 million ha in 2010 for potato cultivation. The average world farm yield for potato was 17.4 tonnes per hectare, in 2010. Potato farms in the United States were the most productive in 2010, with a nationwide average of 44.3 tonnes per hectare. United Kingdom was a close second.
New Zealand farmers have demonstrated some of the best commercial yields in the world, ranging between 60 and 80 tonnes per hectare, some reporting yields of 88 tonnes potatoes per hectare.
There is a big gap among various countries between high and low yields, even with the same variety of potato. Average potato yields in developed economies ranges between 38–44 tonnes per hectare. China and India accounted for over a third of world's production in 2010, and had yields of 14.7 and 19.9 tonnes per hectare respectively. The yield gap between farms in developing economies and developed economies represents an opportunity loss of over 400 million tonnes of potato, or an amount greater than 2010 world potato production. Potato crop yields are determined by factors such as the crop breed, seed age and quality, crop management practices and the plant environment. Improvements in one or more of these yield determinants, and a closure of the yield gap, can be a major boost to food supply and farmer incomes in the developing world.
USES
Potatoes are prepared in many ways: skin-on or peeled, whole or cut up, with seasonings or without. The only requirement involves cooking to swell the starch granules. Most potato dishes are served hot but some are first cooked, then served cold, notably potato salad and potato chips (crisps). Common dishes are: mashed potatoes, which are first boiled (usually peeled), and then mashed with milk or yogurt and butter; whole baked potatoes; boiled or steamed potatoes; French-fried potatoes or chips; cut into cubes and roasted; scalloped, diced, or sliced and fried (home fries); grated into small thin strips and fried (hash browns); grated and formed into dumplings, Rösti or potato pancakes. Unlike many foods, potatoes can also be easily cooked in a microwave oven and still retain nearly all of their nutritional value, provided they are covered in ventilated plastic wrap to prevent moisture from escaping; this method produces a meal very similar to a steamed potato, while retaining the appearance of a conventionally baked potato. Potato chunks also commonly appear as a stew ingredient. Potatoes are boiled between 10 and 25 minutes, depending on size and type, to become soft.
OTHER THAN FOR EATING
Potatoes are also used for purposes other than eating by humans, for example:
Potatoes are used to brew alcoholic beverages such as vodka, poitín, or akvavit.
They are also used as fodder for livestock. Livestock-grade potatoes, considered too small and/or blemished to sell or market for human use but suitable for fodder use, have been called chats in some dialects. They may be stored in bins until use; they are sometimes ensiled. Some farmers prefer to steam them rather than feed them raw and are equipped to do so efficiently.
Potato starch is used in the food industry as a thickener and binder for soups and sauces, in the textile industry as an adhesive, and for the manufacturing of papers and boards.
Maine companies are exploring the possibilities of using waste potatoes to obtain polylactic acid for use in plastic products; other research projects seek ways to use the starch as a base for biodegradable packaging.
Potato skins, along with honey, are a folk remedy for burns in India. Burn centres in India have experimented with the use of the thin outer skin layer to protect burns while healing.
Potatoes (mainly Russets) are commonly used in plant research. The consistent parenchyma tissue, the clonal nature of the plant and the low metabolic activity provide a very nice "model tissue" for experimentation. Wound-response studies are often done on potato tuber tissue, as are electron transport experiments. In this respect, potato tuber tissue is similar to Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Escherichia coli: they are all "standard" research organisms.
Potatoes have been delivered with personalized messages as a novelty. Potato delivery services include Potato Parcel and Mail A Spud.
WIKIPEDIA
An interesting looking Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) observed swimming and feeding at Rock Cut State Park in Winnebago County, Illinois 2022. This bird looks like it has paritial leucisticism; an abnorma condition of reduced pigmentation affecting various animals including birds.
From green to golden to blue and indigo, a close-up look reveals a mix of colors that give peacock feathers their distinctive appearance. The actual pigmentation of the feathers, however, only plays a part in peacocks' coloring. Much of it comes from small nanostructures on their feathers' barbules, which give them an iridescent shimmer. As the direction of light changes, these different facing barbules reflect the light at different angles, resulting in the feathers appearing to change color and shimmer as they move. You can also see this effect on butterfly wings, beetle shells and other birds such as hummingbirds.
Pertenece a una nueva generación de tratamientos clarificantes de aplicación profesional, los tratamientos despigmentantes biológicos, Se trata de una innovadora estrategia para despigmentar tanto las manchas cutáneas derivadas del sol y la edad (pigmentación inducida) como aclarar el tono natural de las pieles oscuras (pigmentación genética o constitutiva).El kit Clarificante Advanced consiste en una solución electroporable más una crema de acción despigmentante, con protección solar FP30.
Forms part of a new generation of skinwhitening treatments for professional use, known as biological de-pigmentation treatments. An innovative de-pigmentation strategy for skin spots caused by the sun and age (induced pigmentation) and for lightening the natural skin tone of dark skins (genetic or constitutive pigmentation). The Urban White Advanced Kit consists of an electroporable solution plus a de-pigmenting cream with SPF30 protection.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
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Some studio work for a book I am making for school, it's based around conceptual portraits my theme is slightly up to interpretation but I mostly am doing portraits that represent my differing mental states throughout my life. Obviously this represents my manic states with the bursts of colour but I'd obviously love to hear what others would think.
Polar Bear
"Region: America
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman” with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour. Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, this is usually pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements."
- Courtesy of the Metro Toronto Zoo
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Polar Bear
"Region: America
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman” with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour. Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, this is usually pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Did You Know?
Males sing complex songs on wintering grounds in Hawaii, that can last up to 20 minutes and be heard 20 miles (30 km) away!
In the Pacific, humpbacks migrate seasonally from Alaska to Hawaii--they can complete the 3,000-mile (4,830 km) trip in as few as 36 days!
Species Description:
Weight:25-40 tons (50,000-80,000 pounds; 22,000-36,000 kg);
newborns weigh about 1 ton (2,000 pounds; 900 kg)
Length:Up to 60 feet (18 m), with females larger than males;
newborns are about 15 feet (4.5 m) long
Appearance: Primarily dark grey, with some areas of white
Lifespan:About 50 years
Diet:Tiny crustaceans (mostly krill), plankton, and small fish; they can consume up to 3,000 pounds (1360 kg) of food per day
Behavior:Breaching (jumping out of the water), or slapping the surface
Humpback whales are well known for their long pectoral fins, which can be up to 15 feet (4.6 m) in length. Their scientific name, Megaptera novaeangliae, means "big-winged New Englander" as the New England population was the one best known to Europeans. These long fins give them increased maneuverability; they can be used to slow down or even go backwards.
Similar to all baleen whales, adult females are larger than adult males, reaching lengths of up to 60 feet (18 m). Their body coloration is primarily dark grey, but individuals have a variable amount of white on their pectoral fins and belly. This variation is so distinctive that the pigmentation pattern on the undersides of their "flukes" is used to identify individual whales, similar to a human fingerprint.
Humpback whales are the favorite of whale watchers, as they frequently perform aerial displays, such as breaching (jumping out of the water), or slapping the surface with their pectoral fins, tails, or heads.
In the summer, humpbacks are found in high latitude feeding grounds, such as the Gulf of Maine in the Atlantic and Gulf of Alaska in the Pacific. In the winter, they migrate to calving grounds in subtropical or tropical waters, such as the Dominican Republic in the Atlantic and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific. The Arabian Sea humpback does not migrate, remaining in tropical waters all year.
Humpback whales travel great distances during their seasonal migration, the farthest migration of any mammal. The longest recorded migration was 5,160 miles (8,300 km); seven animals, including a calf, completed this trek from Costa Rica to Antarctica. One of the more closely studied routes is between Alaska and Hawaii, where humpbacks have been observed making the 3,000-mile (4,830 km) trip in as few as 36 days.
During the summer months, humpbacks spend the majority of their time feeding and building up fat stores (blubber) that they will live off of during the winter. Humpbacks filter feed on tiny crustaceans (mostly krill), plankton, and small fish and can consume up to 3,000 pounds (1,360 kg) of food per day. Several hunting methods involve using air bubbles to herd, corral, or disorient fish. One highly complex variant, called "bubble netting" is unique to humpbacks. This technique is often performed in groups with defined roles for distracting, scaring, and herding before whales lunge at prey corralled near the surface.
In their wintering grounds, humpback whales congregate and engage in mating activities. Humpbacks are generally polygynous "having multiple female mates" with males exhibiting competitive behavior on wintering grounds. Aggressive and antagonistic behaviors include chasing, vocal and bubble displays, horizontal tail thrashing, and rear body thrashing. Males within these groups also make physical contact, striking or surfacing on top of one another. These bouts can cause injuries ranging from bloody scrapes to, in one recorded instance, death. Also on wintering grounds, males sing complex songs that can last up to 20 minutes and be heard 20 miles (30 km) away. A male may sing for hours, repeating the song several times. All males in a population sing the same song, but that song continually evolves over time. Humpback whale singing has been studied for decades, but scientists still understand very little about its function.
Gestation lasts for about 11 months. Newborns are 13-16 feet (4-5 m) long and grow quickly from the highly nutritious milk of their mothers. Weaning occurs between 6-10 months after birth. Mothers are protective and affectionate towards their calves, swimming close and frequently touching them with their flippers. Males do not provide parental support for calves. Breeding usually occurs once every two years, but sometimes occurs twice in a three-year span.
Habitat
During migration, humpbacks stay near the surface of the ocean.
While feeding and calving, humpbacks prefer shallow waters. During calving, humpbacks are usually found in the warmest waters available at that latitude. Calving grounds are commonly near offshore reef systems, islands, or continental shores.
Humpback feeding grounds are in cold, productive coastal waters.
Distribution
Humpback whales live in all major oceans from the equator to sub-polar latitudes.
In the North Pacific, there are at least three separate populations:
California/Oregon/Washington stock that winters in coastal Central America and Mexico and migrates to areas ranging from the coast of California to southern British Columbia in summer/fall;
Central North Pacific stock that winters in the Hawaiian Islands and migrates to northern British Columbia/ Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound west to Kodiak; and Western North Pacific stock that winters near Japan and probably migrates to waters west of the Kodiak Archipelago (the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands) in summer/fall. There is some mixing between these populations, though they are still considered distinct stocks.
Threats
Humpback whales face a series of threats including:
entanglement in fishing gear
Whale watch harassment
Habitat impacts
Harvest
Humpbacks can become entangled in fishing gear, either swimming off with the gear or becoming anchored. We have observed incidental "take" of humpback whales in the California/ Oregon swordfish and thresher shark drift gillnet fishery. Potential entanglement from gear from several fisheries can occur on their long migration from Hawaii to Alaska. Humpbacks in Hawaii have been observed entangled in long line gear, crab pots, and other non-fishery-related lines.
Inadvertent ship strikes can injure or kill humpbacks. Whale watching vessels may stress or even strike whales. The central North Pacific stock is the focus of a whale-watching industry on their wintering grounds in the Hawaiian Islands. The feeding aggregation in southeast Alaska is also the focus of a developing whale-watching industry that may impact whales in localized areas.
Shipping channels, fisheries, and aquaculture may occupy or destroy humpback whale aggregation areas. Recreational use of marine areas, including resort development and increased boat traffic, may displace whales that would normally use that area. In Hawaii, acoustic impacts from vessel operation, oceanographic research using active sonar, and military operations are also of increasing concern.
Source: www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/whales/humpback-whal...
Built in 1919-1920, this Chicago School and Sullivanesque-style building was designed by Louis Sullivan for the Farmers and Merchants Union Bank in Columbus, Wisconsin as one of his late-career “jewel box” bank buildings that are largely located in smaller communities throughout the midwest. The building was the last “jewel box bank” designed by Sullivan, and the second-to-last commission of his career, and was intended to communicate the bank as a modern and progressive institution, rather than employing the stodgier and more traditional Classical design found on most other banks of the era. The bank was commissioned by the president of the bank, J. Russell Wheeler, whose wife, Anna May Wheeler, pushed him to commission Sullivan to design a new home for the bank. In addition to Louis Sullivan, the building’s stained glass windows, were designed by architectural decorator Louis J. Millet, and the terra cotta by clay modeler Kristian Schneider, whom developed moulds for the building’s terra cotta, metal, and plaster details. The two artisans worked alongside Sullivan on several other bank projects. The building was heavily documented in Sullivan’s 1924 “A System of Architectural Ornament”, published shortly before he died.
The building is clad in red tapestry brick, which features blue and green mixed with the red clay mixture in some bricks, creating variation in color and texture across the facade. The brick creates a backdrop to some of the best terra cotta on any of Sullivan’s projects. The terra cotta features many of the floral and geometric motifs found on Sullivan’s other works, and is arranged similarly to other Sullivan banks that utilized brick cladding. The building features two principal facades, with a narrower facade along James Street, and a broader facade facing Dickason Boulevard. The James Street facade features two openings close to ground level, with the eastern bay housing a large plate glass window, and the western bay housing a doorway flanked by skylights, both of which are recessed under a large terra cotta architrave and flanked by square pilasters with decorative Sullivanesque ornament panels at the capitals. The architrave above the doorway and window is divided into three segments by vertical terra cotta elements that feature floral motifs and, like many Sullivan buildings, appear like plants with roots, branches, and crowns. The outer panels of the architrave feature circular cartouches with hexagonal trim, leaves, and geometric elements, with circular central medallions featuring the years 1861, when the bank was founded, and 1919, when the bank was completed. The central panel is clad in marble with the words “Farmers & Merchants Union Bank” and “Louis Sullivan, Architect” engraved into the stone with yellow pigmentation, contrasting against the white and green marble background. Atop the two vertical elements on either side of the central panel are griffin sculptures holding shields, a common element on many of Sullivan’s “Jewel Box Banks,” while the base of the outer vertical elements features the initials of the bank at the base. Above the architrave is an arched bay that houses a stained glass window, trimmed with decorative terra cotta at the inner and outer rings of the arch, with the bay becoming more recessed after each concentric arch, much like the entrances to medieval Romanesque churches. Besides a band of belt coursing that runs on either side of the architrave and wraps the corner to a tapered buttress on the Dickason Boulevard facade, the only other adornment is an eagle sculpture on a vertical trim element at the center of the parapet, which terminates many brick courses above the arched opening below, and another band of terra cotta trim along the top of the parapet, which forms a cap on the parapet around the perimeter of the building’s low-slope roof. On the Dickason Boulevard facade, the building features five recessed clerestory arched bays housing stained glass windows, flanked by tapered buttresses. Surrounding the arched tops of the windows are decorative trim panels with floral motifs, which begin just below the base of the arches, and extend up above the top of the arches, terminating in a band of belt coursing. Atop the buttresses at either end are trim elements featuring large spheres atop rectilinear legs with floral motifs below, undulating in and out with the brick below. Additionally, a band of belt coursing, which wraps the corner of Dickson Boulevard and James Street, runs beneath the windows, only interrupted by the buttresses. Toward the back, on the building’s original rear wing, there are three windows at eye level in the original building, with bands of belt coursing below and at the top of the parapet. The rear window is a recessed bay window flanked by two pilasters with sullivanesque terra cotta panels, while the smaller windows are flanked by sullivanesque relief panels. The rear wing features a roof at multiple heights, and was extended in 1961 with a matching addition by Law, Potter and Nystrom, since removed. The rear of the taller portion of the building features a simple recessed bay with an arched window, and a similar eagle sculpture and vertical trim piece as on the front facade.
Inside, the front wing of the building features a tall banking hall with brick cladding on the walls up to the level of the windows, where it terminates at a wooden sill. The space is split down the middle by a row of brick piers and low walls framing the teller cages, which terminate at the sill line of the windows, dividing the space while still allowing it to read as a single continuous lofty space. The brick forms piers at the teller’s cages, pilasters separating desks on the exterior wall, and low brick walls with marble caps. The upper portion of the walls and the coffered ceiling in this space is finished with white plaster, which gives the space a very vertical and airy feeling, as do the cream-colored terrazzo floors, which feature black edges at the base of the walls, tying the space together. The space features a terra cotta water fountain, or bubbler, also designed by sullivan, which features intricate ornament by Schneider. The space also features two mezzanine balconies with metal railings that run below the arched windows at the front and rear of the space, allowing managers to observe the activities in the lobby and teller area below from the rear balcony, while the front balcony exists solely to balance the space and keep it symmetrical. An office for private conferences with customers was originally located near the front of the space, along with a manager’s office, allowing convenience for customers seeking a meeting with the bank management. The teller’s side of the space also housed the bank’s two vaults and several other private offices. The bank originally featured a large meeting room in the one-story rear wing, behind the vaults, with a women’s waiting room sitting along the Dickason Boulevard side of the rear wing, featuring a bay window and a restroom. The building’s interior has changed in function somewhat due to the growth of the bank, changes in bank operations, and expansion of the building with new additions to house offices and a drive-through in the rear.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and is a contributing structure in the Columbus Downtown Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The building saw an addition in 2006, clad in buff brick, which replicated a historic building that formerly stood to the east, and wraps the building to the rear, with a two-story section behind a one-story annex that connects the one-story rear wing of the bank to the new building. This wing replaced older additions made in 1961, which matched the one-story rear wing of the historic building, and 1980, which was modern in appearance and slightly recessed along James Street to give precedence to the historic building. The building still functions as the main office branch of the Farmers and Merchants Union Bank, which has grown substantially. The building has been long considered to be among the best of Sullivan’s “Jewel Box Banks,” and has been kept in excellent condition by the bank’s careful and caring generational stewardship.
Polar Bear
"Region: America
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman” with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour. Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, this is usually pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
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Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), also known as the purple mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree with edible fruit native to Island Southeast Asia. Its exact origins are unknown due to its widespread cultivation since ancient times, but it is believed to have been somewhere between the Sunda Islands and the Moluccas. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, southwest India and other tropical areas such as Colombia, Puerto Rico and Florida, where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from 6 to 25 m tall. The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind (exocarp) when ripe. In each fruit, the fragrant edible flesh that surrounds each seed is botanically endocarp, i.e., the inner layer of the ovary. Seeds are almond-shaped and -sized.
Mangosteen belongs to the same genus as the other, less widely known fruit, such as the button mangosteen (G. prainiana) or the charichuelo (G. madruno).
HISTORY
Mangosteen is a native plant to Southeast Asia. Highly valued for its juicy, delicate texture and slightly sweet and sour flavour, the mangosteen has been cultivated in Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Mainland Southeast Asia, and the Philippines since ancient times. The 15th-century Chinese record Yingya Shenglan described mangosteen as mang-chi-shih (derived from Malay Language manggis), a native plant of Southeast Asia of white flesh with delectable sweet and sour taste.
A description of mangosteen was included in the Species Plantarum by Linnaeus in 1753. The mangosteen was introduced into English greenhouses in 1855. Subsequently its culture was introduced into the Western Hemisphere, where it became established in West Indies islands, especially Jamaica. It was later established on the Americas mainland in Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, and Ecuador. The mangosteen tree generally does not grow well outside the tropics.
There is a legend about Queen Victoria offering a reward of 100 pounds sterling to anyone who could deliver to her the fresh fruit. Although this legend can be traced to a 1930 publication by the fruit explorer, David Fairchild, it is not substantiated by any known historical document, yet is probably responsible for the uncommon designation of mangosteen as the "Queen of Fruit".
The journalist and gourmet R. W. Apple, Jr. once said of the fruit, "No other fruit, for me, is so thrillingly, intoxicatingly luscious...I'd rather eat one than a hot fudge sundae, which for a big Ohio boy is saying a lot." Since 2006, private small-volume orders for fruits grown in Puerto Rico were sold to American specialty food stores and gourmet restaurants who serve the flesh segments as a delicacy dessert.
PROPAGATION, CULTIVATION AND HARVEST
Mangosteen is usually propagated by seedlings. Vegetative propagation is difficult and seedlings are more robust and reach fruiting earlier than vegetative propagated plants.
Mangosteen produces a recalcitrant seed which is not a true seed strictly defined, but rather described as a nucellar asexual embryo. As seed formation involves no sexual fertilization, the seedling is genetically identical to the mother plant. If allowed to dry, a seed dies quickly, but if soaked, seed germination takes between 14 and 21 days when the plant can be kept in a nursery for about 2 years growing in a small pot.
When the trees are approximately 25–30 cm , they are transplanted to the field at a spacing of 20–40 m. After planting, the field is mulched in order to control weeds. Transplanting takes place in the rainy season because young trees are likely to be damaged by drought. Because young trees need shade, intercropping with banana, plantain, rambutan, durian or coconut leaves is effective. Coconut palms are mainly used in areas with a long dry season, as palms also provide shade for mature mangosteen trees. Another advantage of intercropping in mangosteen cultivation is the suppression of weeds.
The growth of the trees is retarded if the temperature is below 20 °C. The ideal temperature range for growing and producing fruits is 25–35 °C with a relative humidity over 80%. The maximal temperature is 38–40 °C, with both leaves and fruit being susceptible to scorching and sunburn, while the minimum temperature is 3–5 °C. Young seedlings prefer a high level of shade and mature trees are shade-tolerant.
Mangosteen trees have a weak root system and prefer deep, well drained soils with high moisture content, often growing on riverbanks. The mangosteen is not adapted to limestone soils, sandy, alluvial soils or sandy soils with low organic matter content. Mangosteen trees need a well distributed rainfall over the year (<40 mm/month) and a 3–5 week dry season.
Mangosteen trees are sensitive to water availability and application of fertilizer input which is increased with the age of trees, regardless of region. Maturation of mangosteen fruits takes 5–6 months, with harvest occurring when the pericarps are purple.
BREEDING
In breeding of perennial mangosteen, selection of rootstock and grafting are significant issues to overcome constraints to production, harvesting or seasonality. Most of the genetic resources for breeding are in germplasm collections, whereas some wild species are cultivated in Malaysia and the Philippines. Conservation methods are chosen because storage of seeds under dried and low temperature conditions has not been successful.
Because of the long duration until the trees yield fruits and the long resulting breeding cycles, mangosteen breeding has not proven attractive for transplanting or research. Breeding objectives that may enhance mangosteen production include:
Drought tolerance, especially sensitivity to drought in the first 5 years after germination
Tree architecture to produce a tree with a crown that is regular and pyramid-shaped
Fruit quality including i) overcoming bitter taste components caused by changes in pulp, pericarp or aril and ii) pericarp cracking resulting from excessive water uptake
Rootstock for improved adaptation to drought and robust development in early years of growth
YIELD
Mangosteen trees may reach fruit-bearing in as little as 5–6 years, but more typically require 8–10 years. The yield of the mangosteen is variable, depending on climate and age of the tree. If the young tree is bearing for the first time, 200–300 fruits may be produced, whereas at maturity, 500 fruits per season are average. At age 30 to 45 years in full maturity, each tree may yield as many as 3,000 fruits, with trees as old as 100 years still producing.
REGIONAL PRODUCTION
Major mangosteen production occurs in Southeast Asia, mainly in Thailand as the country with the most acreage planted, estimated at 4,000 ha in 1965 and 11,000 ha in 2000, giving a total yield of 46,000 tons. Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines are other major Asian producers. Mangosteen production in Puerto Rico is succeeding, but despite decades of attempts, no major production occurs elsewhere in the Caribbean Islands, South America, Florida, California, Hawaii or any continent except Asia.
DISEASES AND PESTS
COMMON DISEASES AND PESTS
The pathogens which attack mangosteen are common in other tropical trees. The diseases can be divided into foliar, fruit, stem and soil-borne diseases.
Pestalotiopsis leaf blight (Pestalotiopsis flagisettula (only identified in Thailand)) is one of the diseases which infect especially young leaves. Furthermore, the pathogen causes the fruits to rot before and after the harvest. Additional stem canker and dieback are caused by the pathogen. Some of the symptoms of stem canker are branch splitting, gummosis and bark blistering. The main areas where the disease was observed are Thailand, Malaysia and North Queensland.
Another common disease is the thread blight or white thread blight disease (Marasmiellus scandens) whereas the name comes from the mycelia which resembles thread. Leaves, twigs and branches may also be damaged by the disease. The spores spread with the help of wind, raindrops and insects, and thrive in shady, humid and wet conditions.
An important post-harvest disease affecting mangosteen especially in Thailand is called Diplodia fruit rot (Diplodia theobromae) which, as a secondary pathogen, enters the host plant through wounds.
Phellinus noxius living on the roots and trunk bases causes brown root disease, a name derived from the appearance of the mycelium-binding soil particles. The distribution of the fungus happens through contact with infected wood or thick rhizomorphs on tree stumps.
There are a few pests which feed on mangosteen leaves and fruits including leaf eater (Stictoptera sp.), leaf miner (Phyllocnictis citrella) and fruit borer (Curculio sp.). Especially in nurseries, the larval stage of the leaf eater can cause visible damage on young leaves, but can be managed by biological control agents. The larval stage of fruit borer (Curculio sp.) feeds on different parts of fruit before ripening.
CONTROL MEASURES FOR DISEASES AND PESTS
Different management options can be applied to control mangosteen diseases.
Measures to inhibit sun scalding to minimize leaf blight and stem canker.
Reduction of wounds caused by insects and storm damage to minimize disease incidence.
Change of the microclimate by tree spacing and pruning.
Chemicals applied to root collars and tree stumps to control root diseases.
Fungicides to control fungal pathogens.
Biological pest control or insecticides to control insects.
TREE AND FRUIT
A tropical tree, the mangosteen must be grown in consistently warm conditions, as exposure to temperatures below 0 °C for prolonged periods will usually kill a mature plant. They are known to recover from brief cold spells rather well, often with damage only to young growth. Experienced horticulturists have grown this species outdoors, and brought them to fruit in extreme south Florida.
The juvenile mangosteen fruit, which does not require fertilisation to form (see agamospermy), first appears as pale green or almost white in the shade of the canopy. As the fruit enlarges over the next two to three months, the exocarp colour deepens to darker green. During this period, the fruit increases in size until its exocarp is 6–8 centimetres in outside diameter, remaining hard until a final, abrupt ripening stage.
The subsurface chemistry of the mangosteen exocarp comprises an array of polyphenols, including xanthones and tannins that assure astringency which discourages infestation by insects, fungi, plant viruses, bacteria and animal predation while the fruit is immature. Colour changes and softening of the exocarp are natural processes of ripening that indicates the fruit can be eaten and the seeds have finished developing.
Once the developing mangosteen fruit has stopped expanding, chlorophyll synthesis slows as the next colour phase begins. Initially streaked with red, the exocarp pigmentation transitions from green to red to dark purple, indicating a final ripening stage. This entire process takes place over a period of ten days as the edible quality of the fruit peaks.
Over the days following removal from the tree, the exocarp hardens to an extent depending upon post-harvest handling and ambient storage conditions, especially relative humidity levels. If the ambient humidity is high, exocarp hardening may take a week or longer when the flesh quality is peaking and excellent for consumption. However, after several additional days of storage, especially if unrefrigerated, the flesh inside the fruit might spoil without any obvious external indications. Using the hardness of the rind as an indicator of freshness for the first two weeks following harvest is therefore unreliable because the rind does not accurately reveal the interior condition of the flesh. If the exocarp is soft and yielding as it is when ripe and fresh from the tree, the fruit is usually good.
The edible endocarp of the mangosteen has the same shape and size as a tangerine 4–6 centimetres in diameter, but is white. The number of fruit segments corresponds exactly with the number of stigma lobes on the exterior apex; accordingly, a higher number of fleshy segments also corresponds with the fewest seeds. The circle of wedge-shaped segments contains 4–8, rarely 9 segments, the larger ones harbouring the apomictic seeds that are unpalatable unless roasted. As a non-climacteric fruit, a picked mangosteen does not ripen further, so must be consumed shortly after harvest.
Often described as a subtle delicacy, the flesh bears an exceptionally mild aroma, quantitatively having about 1/400th of the chemical constituents of fragrant fruits, explaining its relative mildness. The main volatile components having caramel, grass and butter notes as part of the mangosteen fragrance are hexyl acetate, hexenol and α-copaene.
NUTRITIONAL CONTENT
The endocarp is the white part of the fruit containing a mild flavor that makes the fruit popular for eating. When analyzed specifically for its content of essential nutrients, however, mangosteen nutrition is modest, as all nutrients analyzed are a low percentage of the Dietary Reference Intake (see table for canned fruit in syrup, USDA Nutrient Database; note that nutrient values for fresh fruit are likely different, but have not been published by a reputable source).
USES
CULINARY
Due to restrictions on imports, mangosteen is not readily available in certain countries. Although available in Australia and New Zealand, for example, they are still rare in the produce sections of grocery stores in North America. Following export from its natural growing regions in Southeast Asia, the fresh fruit may be available seasonally in some local markets like those of Chinatowns.
Mangosteens are available canned and frozen in Western countries. Without fumigation or irradiation (in order to kill the Asian fruit fly) fresh mangosteens were illegal to import into the United States until 2007. Freeze-dried and dehydrated mangosteen flesh can also be found.
Upon arrival in the US in 2007, fresh mangosteens sold at up to $60 per pound in specialty produce stores in New York City, but wider availability and somewhat lower prices have become common in the United States and Canada.[4] Despite efforts described above to grow mangosteen in the Western Hemisphere, nearly the entire supply is imported from Thailand.
Before ripening, the mangosteen shell is fibrous and firm, but becomes soft and easy to pry open when the fruit ripens. To open a mangosteen, the shell can be scored with a knife, pried gently along the score with the thumbs until it cracks, and then pulled apart to reveal the fruit. Alternatively, the mangosteen can be opened without a knife by squeezing the shell from the bottom until it breaks, allowing the shell to be removed and the fruit eaten while intact with the stem. Occasionally, during peeling of ripe fruits, the purple exocarp juice may stain skin or fabric. In Vietnam, the ripe fruit is also used as a salad ingredient.
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
Various parts of the plant have a history of use in traditional medicine, mostly in Southeast Asia; it may have been used to treat skin infections, wounds, dysentery, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal complaints, although there is no high-quality clinical evidence for any of these effects.
Dried fruits are shipped to Singapore to be processed for medical uses which may include dysentery, skin disorders, and various other minor diseases in several countries across Asia. There is no reliable evidence that mangosteen juice, puree, bark or extracts is effective as a treatment for human diseases.
NATURAL DYE
The extract of mangosteen peels are traditionally used in Indonesia as the source of natural dye for textile colouring; to acquire brown, dark brown, purple to red hues, especially applied in traditional tenun ikat and batik textiles.
OTHER USES
Mangosteen twigs have been used as chew sticks in Ghana, and the wood has been used to make spears and cabinetry in Thailand. The rind of the mangosteen fruit has also been used to tan leather in China.
PHYTOCHEMICALS
Mangosteen peel contains xanthonoids, such as mangostin, and other phytochemicals. Polysaccharide and xanthone compounds are found in the fruit, leaves, and heartwood of the mangosteen. Fully ripe fruit contain xanthones, garthanin, 8-disoxygartanin, and normangostin.
MARKETING
Fresh mangosteen is marketed for only a short period of six to ten weeks due to its seasonal nature. It is mainly grown by smallholders and sold at fruit stalls by roadsides. Its irregular, short supply leads to wide price fluctuations throughout its season and over the years. Additionally, there is no standard product quality assessment or grading system, making international trade of the fruits difficult. The mangosteen still remains rare in Western markets, though its popularity is increasing, and it is often sold at a high price.
WIKIPEDIA
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
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Polar Bear
"Region: America
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman” with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour. Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, this is usually pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements."
- Courtesy of the Metro Toronto Zoo
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The following compilation presents four species from Sertrop as well as three species plus one notable individual from its neighbor world Yominasst.
• Mistrawma: A rather large, brutish mammal found in Sertrop's Southern regions and mainly among Merthaldu-populated areas, especially within the Great Sertropical Forest.
Mistrawma are designed with much of the same genetic material as the humanoids they live among, which shows in their pigmentation but not in their decidedly, archetypically-beastly nature. They have burly, hairy bodies and usually walk on all fours while also being capable of standing up on their hind legs and using their forelegs as "arms" if the situation calls for it. The Mistrawma is a ravenous omnivore that leans toward preferring meat but will ultimately eat just about anything to survive, and it requires particularly large quantities of regular food intake to do so. Though Mistrawma do not naturally hunger for Merthaldu, Merthaldu do naturally hunger for Mistrawma, their primary source of dark meat, and as a result the animals have come to attack the humanoids upon their approaching as a learned behavior. Their dangerousness to travelers, however, is limited, due to their shortsighted vision, mediocre running speed and lack of tenaciousness provided one flees rather than actively fights back. That being said, if and when one is stupid enough to let it get close enough to them, a Mistrawma can usually maul an individual to death within seconds.
The average Mistrawma does not travel or explore much during its approximately fifty-year lifespan, instead designating one general area as its permanent "home" and roams around there for most of its life, provided the area proves sufficiently rich in food sources, which most spots within the Great Sertropical Forest are. It never establishes a more specific regular living arrangement within its home area, tending to sleep, etc. in the nearest convenient-seeming spots at any given time it wishes to rest. Though territorial, Mistrawma generally do not fight each other over over the haunts they roam, naturally possessing as much respect for the "property" of their brethren as they expect and demand their own claims on territory to be treated with.
An adult Mistrawma can generally expected to measure at least six feet in standing height, with seven feet also being commonly reached and the upper "limit" falling just around eight feet, and to have a durability value of at least 800 and more often than not closer to 1,000.
• Yopetuute: A massive, (mostly) flightless avian specifically indigenous to the Great Sertropical Forest, the Yopetuute is identifiable by its single large eye, long limbs and neck, strange cranial protrusions housing a large (but no smarter for its size) brain and toothy beak. Its white meat is considered an expensive delicacy among Merthaldu, due in large part to the creature being a very difficult prey to hunt: it can not only amply defend itself by aggressively attacking with its great strength, but is also very swift-moving and tends to know when to retreat, after which it is problematic to catch up with it. The Yopetuute's body is made of relatively light organic material making it weigh rather less than its appearance might suggest, and though still incapable of sustaining true flight, it can use its wings to somewhat glide and/or slow itself while falling, allowing it to make large leaps from considerable heights relatively safely.
Like most beings of their general size class throughout the Prime Galaxy, Yopetuutes usually live alone, and like many birds, they build and live in/around (in their case very large) nests which are also used to house and protect their eggs (also among the largest to be laid by any avian) and young offspring. Though actually being herbivores, they are so constantly wary/paranoid and quick to attack perceived threats that they remain just about as much of a potential threat to travelers as any carnivorous Sertrophian creature.
Yopetuutes can live for upwards of eighty years, with the majority of individuals' lives lasting at least forty. This excellent (for a wild animal) longevity rate can be attributed both to the keen survival skills of the creatures themselves and to the fact that their meat is considered to be at its richest when harvested from specimens in the age range of forty-to-sixty. The amount of time that must be waited for it makes Yopetuute meat in this particular state even more valuable, though unfortunately Merthaldu are the only humanoid race that can eat it, limiting its worth as a tradable good.
Yopetuutes are at least one whole meter tall at hatching, and steadily grow to a full size averaging about ten feet by age twenty-five. The composition of their bodies that makes them quite lightweight for their size also limits their durability value compared to their mass, their species' range for this statistic being 900-1,200.
• Docloxpi: Rather particularly unusual creatures found on the central island upon the large lake North of Nog'Dod as well as on Sertrop's Southwestern continent, both of which are Flufewog-populated regions; and indeed, it seems natural that such silly-looking animals would be found among such silly-looking people. The Docloxpi is considered an uncategorized and hybridized animal, not mammalian nor insectoid nor exclusively falling into any other "family". It has three eyes and the same number of antennae upon its head as well as a thorny "crown" at the top which represents the only presence of spike-like structures on its body. Either of its two primary would-be hands at the ends of its arms branches out into two three-fingered "sub-hands" and also has a seemingly purposeless "sack" drooping from its underside, while the flat-bottomed creature crawls across the ground on six horizontally-extended legs that hold it up just above the floor, similar to several insect varieties. Perhaps most strangely, the Docloxpi has a leathery "zipper" upon its belly that leads directly into its stomach and which it can open and close at will for the purpose of intaking and processing food more rapidly than the mouth and upper digestive system can manage, or even to remove food so that more can be eaten.
Docloxpi are peaceful and herbivorous (though having an exceptionally large appetite for the plants they consume, which may explain the presence of the "zipper" feature), and unlike the humanoid race they are associated with, they are very nearly as innocent and truly "cute" as their appearance lets on, having a simple and easy existence thanks to a lack of natural enemies. This is fortunate and rather necessary, considering that they are very squishy and relatively defenseless beings whose durability values rarely exceed 500. They are, however, short-lived, with the oldest one to have its age kept track of (not that most specimens' are, admittedly) passing away at only twenty seven years old. Notably, Docloxpi carcasses decompose quite quickly and relatively cleanly, and release inordinately high amounts of nutrients and energies back into the environment in the process.
A Docloxpi named "O'Bunkle" appeared on the seventh-through-thirteenth seasons of Peaco and Pals, and another named "Gloogly" was later featured for seasons seventeen-through-twenty-one. Peaco himself was always a "fan" of the Docloxpi for their cuteness which he identified with and wished to express throughout his early life and war years and eventually did express through his show on which the adorable beings were featured. Up until then, they had generally been seen as "useless" creatures by the Flufewogs, but ever since Peaco made their image famous they have been significantly more appreciated, especially with children, and plush versions are now sold on many worlds.
• Gobgraml: A pudgy, carnivorous Sertrophian found chiefly within the large span of desert south of Nog'Dod, the Gobgraml, while a wholly natural creature of the Prime Galaxy, is often erroneously thought to be related to the Nirtrids, which are also commonly found in said desert regions and behave rather similarly. Standing between two-and-a-half and three-and-a-half feet fully-grown and while standing, Gobgramls have round-topped heads, gaping, circular maws with numerous sharp teeth in multiple loose rows, and very powerful five-fingered hands which are fully-articulated and can form fists. They also possess long, claw-bearing tails that frequently end up dragging along the ground, not that this causes more than a scratch's damage to them. They travel in packs of around five to ten individuals, tend to be hostile to humanoids, attacking with punches and swipes of their tails, and possess no particular intelligence, doing little more than searching for food and occasionally procreating throughout their thirty-year lifespans. Although Gobgramls live above the surface for their entire waking lives, the seeds/eggs of their babies are laid into the soil where they incubate, resulting in new specimens popping up out of the ground upon birth. This contributes to their confusion and false association with Nirtrids, the Sertrophian versions of which are known to burrow and hide underground and emerge at will. It should also be noted that Gobgramls in fact eat Nirtrids as a major part of their diet, tending to overpower the demonic insects with relatively little effort and being among the only natural mortal beings capable of safely consuming their putrid flesh.
The Gobgraml's relationship with water is a unique one: though indeed requiring it to live just like all mortal creatures, instead of relying on a constant supply of the life-liquid, Gobgramls annually take massive drinks, constituting more water than any other being of their size could take in at once, from the Southern mouth of the great river known as the Delta to which they migrate for this purpose during the Seventh Cycle of each year, and this sustains their bodies for the full duration of the year's time between each of these drinks.
Durability values for Gobgramls range between 400 and 600.
• Purfohlir: Being the common large Yominasstian avian variety, the Purfohlir is a free-flying carnivorous bird that acts as both a scavenger and an active predator. It can be identified by its raggedy, dark-colored wings and feathers, the former of which are mounted upon fully-formed arms. Purfohlirs can be found all across Yominasst, with no particular region(s) having a much greater concentration of them compared to others, and spend most of their waking time up in the sky, which is where they are most commonly sighted. They are rather smart, and crafty enough to make their nests and other home arrangements in high-up areas where no non-flying beings can easily reach and disturb them. Purfohlir specimens can vary significantly in size, shape and appearance, with the facial palette in particular being capable of taking on just about any color, though the wings and feathers are always dark blue, purple or blackish. Various individuals stand between three and five feet tall, with their durability values ranging between 400 and 700.
Purfohlirs are fairly nasty and tactless beasts, and are known for their willingness to eat just about any dead thing they find, their pursuit of this end sometimes even amounting to grave-robbing, as well as for the frequently annoying, screechy vocal cries they habitually emit. However, they generally ignore living humanoids and are not a threat in that regard. The largest animal that a Purfohlir will naturally attack while it is still alive is the Calsemmoth, in which case it is more often than not the predator of the situation, rather than the intended prey, who ends up getting eaten. However, the most severe animosity a Purfohlir is ever likely to exhibit is against its own kind in the event that two of them end up competing over the same intended meal, in which case they will fight to the death even when the food source being fought over would in no way make the difference between sustenance and starvation for either of them. Whenever actively attacking something, a Purfohlir will almost always aim for its intended victim's eyes with its claws and sharp beak, and any creature killed by one will invariably be left with both or otherwise all of their peepers plucked out.
• Dowtmonck: A stout, hard-and-dry-bodied brute found in Yominasst's mountains, caves and deserts situated primarily around the the regions populated by the Zuckocones, who see the creatures as nuisances more than anything else. Dowtmoncks are roundish beasts standing between three and four feet high and with muscular but short arms and even shorter front legs, which are functionally secondary to much longer and more useful claw-toed hind legs that curve around to the front-sides of the animals while they are dormant/standing. Standing out among their facial and head features are single, horizontally-extended eye sockets containing five pupils within singular "eyeball" masses, stony forehead plates branching out into five "horns" near the top, and pointed bucked teeth whose presence the sheer hardness of the surface below the mouth prevents from causing discomfort. The Dowtmonck's hands are also somewhat notably fully-articulated with five fingers, a quality surely put in place to compensate for the short reach of their arms.
Dowtmoncks are among the hardiest and most "stone-like" creatures not native to Etigna, which is reflected in their high durability values for their size which commonly exceed 800. Their central chests in particular are covered with / externally made of a form of cemented organic mineral which resembles a crude stone wall in its placement thereupon. The Dowtmonck is a technical omnivore that heavily favors vegetable matter over meat in practice and does not commonly attack/kill/eat any other significant Yominasstian animal. It is, however, known to steal crops from Yominasstian humanoids, often using its brute strength to tear apart fences, etc. standing between it and the desired meal(s) in this situation, and when caught it is generally dealt with violently, even by the Zuckocones whose sense of pacifism is expressly applied only for beings of humanoid intelligence. When threatened, a Dowtmonck's instinctive first response is to crawl into a ball-like form, and if and when this fails to protect it, it will fight only briefly before starting to flee.
Territorially relaxed, Dowtmoncks tend to make their "homes" among where others of their kind dwell, without actually being affiliated or having strong bonds with any particular specimens besides themselves; each one ventures out, at its own discretion, to collect food for itself alone. They can live for up to sixty years.
• Tabazoull: A mostly underwater-dwelling amphibian found copiously within enclosed (freshwater) bodies of water on Yominasst but not in the world's main oceans (saltwater) as well as in smaller numbers among marshes and swamps. The Tabazoull bears an exterior of green and bluish pigments and a vaguely humanoid-like body shape with a large cranium, long arms with webbed claws and short legs whose feet are designed to provide the ability to alternatively walk onto land in addition to swimming. From the upper back of the Tabazoull protrude large, feather-like fin structures, while attached to and protruding from the pelvis are dual tubular tentacles ending in suctioning maws for both ingestion and manipulating water for propulsion by sucking it in and expelling it with great force. The discretion of what to digest and what to merely store and eventually expel is an automatic process similar to the function of the food pipes and wind pipes found in many creatures. Tabazoulls operate in large family units and are individually short-lived, with a maximum lifespan of a mere twenty years. They are annually and seasonally prone to creating large numbers of offspring starting from an early age (three-to-five years).
Tabazoulls are both voraciously carnivorous and aggressively territorial, making for very hostile overall behavior. Whole nests of them rest at the bottoms of many of the lakes and ponds on Yominasst, and even so much as approaching these water bodies for a drink can present a risk. When bodies of water that are considered essential for resources become overly infested, teams are often sent in to exterminate the Tabazoulls present, and the results generally constitute veritable battles with multiple humanoid casualties. Being amphibian in nature, Tabazoulls can, again, climb up out of the water and walk on solid land, which most do for the purpose of killing or chasing off attackers and intruders and seldom outside of such situations; everything they require to regularly sustain themselves can be found in an underwater environment. The exception to this rule lies in those few living in wetlands instead of underwater, who naturally are fully-emerged most of the time. Though indeed being able to breathe air, Tabazoulls are still particularly reliant on water and moisture, and they cannot thrive in most above-water environments drier than the aforementioned swamps and wetlands.
An average durability value for a healthy Tabazoull is 600.
• INDIVIDUAL: Écuate was a psychopathic yet heroic Kittpo warrior who fought in the Vision Wars, of which he is considered one of the major heroes, and is probably the most famous individual of his entire species. He was known for his sharp wit, just-short-of-offensive level of attitude and penchant for shooting enemies in the face with a version of the Sertrophian Tropic Scepter - an unconventional choice of weapon for a Yominasstian native - that was modified specifically to better suit this combative approach.
Écuate was born in Age 531 as a member of the upper-middle-class in Yominasst's Midwestern region while descending from Southeastern ethnic lineage and bearing correspondingly dark skin. He exhibited violent and delinquent tendencies from childhood and was sent to boot camp at the age of fourteen for his behavior; in this environment, Écuate swiftly proved to be a shoe-in fit for the life of a warrior and joined said caste of the Kittpo race as soon as he was eligible. He was eventually promoted to being part of the elite squadron led by Fardinando, the acting leader among all Kittpo warriors at the time, and served here for several years leading up to the commencement of the Vision Wars. Later in the war and following several smaller battles, Écuate participated in the raid upon the attacking Arcane Dreadnought commandeered by Shriggun Prozis, during which Fardinando was killed and a female member of his squadron named Nimkiya was the one to take primary credit for the Dreadnought's ultimate destruction. Following this battle, Écuate was given a leave of absence from his duties as a full-time Yominasstian planetary defender, and traveled to Sertrop to aid in the war effort there, shortly before the arrival of another Arcane Dreadnought onto the Yominasstian front. Despite this renewed threat to his homeworld, Écuate saw himself as having no choice but to continue fighting the enemy on Sertrop where he now was rather than going back, and he intermittently did precisely this for the next several cycles leading up to the appearance of Connor Thorn. In the wake of the messiah's arrival, Écuate was chosen to be part of Thorn's accompanying party during the final assault on Evil Ninja Emperor Heinrich and his hired Skellen forces, and the Kittpo now only saw this mission through to its end as one of its few personnel to survive the whole ordeal, but was also credited by Thorn himself with saving his life, his efforts to do so as he lay dying triggering the miracle of his infusion with Glanmi blood.
Following the war's end, Écuate was appointed amid immense public pressure for him to be made leader of all warrior Kittpo to a newly-established singular position of secondary leadership that was created specifically to appease this popular demand without actually putting the grossly irresponsible Écuate in command. Later, in Age 571, he aided Connor Thorn again, this time in hunting down the monstrous mutant Calsemmoth known as Mac the Mouth, and in Age 574, Écuate stepped down from his position and retired from all warrior duties. Thereafter, he lived the remainder of his life as a celebrity of sorts, taking advantage of the hero-worship he received mainly for saving Thorn's life at the end of the Vision Wars and being very sexually active with a number of Kittpo women. Twelve would claim to have mothered children of his, two saying that their conception had been a result of rape, but Écuate never publicly acknowledged these claims either way, and all of his probable children and their/his subsequent descendants remain unconfirmed in terms of relation to him, and will likely remain so forever.
Écuate died in a vehicular freak accident in Age 592; foul play was suspected, but investigations never led to anything conclusive. His legacy as a "badass" "anti-hero" remains both popular and controversial to this day.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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The Los Angeles California Temple (formerly the Los Angeles Temple), the tenth operating and the second-largest temple operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is on Santa Monica Boulevard in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California. When it was dedicated in 1956, it was the largest temple of the church, later surpassed by the Salt Lake Temple with its additions and annexations. The temple serves 41 stakes in Los Angeles, Ventura, Kern, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. The grounds includes a visitors' center open to the public, the Los Angeles Regional Family History Center, also open to the public, and the headquarters for the Los Angeles mission.
The Los Angeles Temple was announced when the church purchased 24.23 acres (98,000 m²) from the Harold Lloyd Motion Picture Company on March 23, 1937, by president Heber J. Grant. Construction was to begin soon thereafter, but financial difficulties relating to the Great Depression and World War II delayed the groundbreaking until 1951.
The temple plans were revised at this time to include a priesthood assembly room, an unusual feature in temples built after the Salt Lake Temple. It was also expanded to accommodate an unprecedented 300 patrons per session.
Located at 10777 W. Santa Monica Boulevard in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, the temple sits atop a small hill above the intersection of Overland Avenue and Santa Monica Boulevard.
The well manicured grounds, open to the public, are filled with a various plants, including Canary Island Pine trees, several varieties of palm trees, Bird of Paradise trees, olive trees, and rare Chinese Ginkgo trees. At the left and right of the temple are two fountains, and at the front is a large reflection pool. Several family-themed statues further beautify the grounds. In December temple grounds are all aglow with thousands of multi-colored lights in celebration of Christmas.
While not as regionally prominent as the temples in Oakland, San Diego, and Washington, the Los Angeles California Temple is still one of the most distinctive features of Los Angeles' Westside. Thousands of commuters pass it every day on busy Santa Monica Boulevard. The proliferation of high-rise buildings along the Wilshire Boulevard corridor and in nearby Century City has reduced its prominence in the Westside skyline. However, its dramatic night lighting and sheer size still make an imposing sight, particularly for travelers exiting the Santa Monica Freeway northbound on Overland.
Numerous Church facilities are on its grounds including a meetinghouse, a baseball field, the headquarters of the Church's California Los Angeles Mission, and apartments (used by missionaries, temple workers, temple patrons, and visiting church officials).
The remaining land, along Manning Avenue, was subdivided for residential lots, the sale of which considerably offset the expense of constructing the temple. Because it was the church's first temple (save the roughly contemporaneous Bern Switzerland Temple) built outside of an LDS-dominated settlement, the Los Angeles Temple was the first LDS temple explicitly designed for automobile accessibility: its parking facilities were larger than those of any temple built previously, and there is no direct pedestrian connection between the front doors and Santa Monica Boulevard.
The temple's architecture is generally Modernist, an aesthetic that extends to the choice of exterior cladding: 146,000 square feet (14,000 m²) of Mo-Sai pre-cast concrete facing, a mixture of crushed quartz and white Portland cement quarried in Utah and Nevada. The very light brown pigmentation of the Mo-Sai blend has the advantage of concealing the thin layer of soot that accumulates on most buildings in Los Angeles. The temple is 369 feet (112 m) long, 269 feet (82 m) wide and has an overall height of 257 feet (78 m). Atop the temple stands a 15 foot (5 m) tall statue of the angel Moroni.
The rooms include a baptistry, celestial room, four ordinance rooms, ten sealing rooms, and an assembly room that stretches the entire length of the temple. The Los Angeles temple features murals on the walls of its progressive-style ordinance rooms including the celestial room. The only other temple with celestial room murals is the Idaho Falls Idaho Temple.
Built in 1919-1920, this Chicago School and Sullivanesque-style building was designed by Louis Sullivan for the Farmers and Merchants Union Bank in Columbus, Wisconsin as one of his late-career “jewel box” bank buildings that are largely located in smaller communities throughout the midwest. The building was the last “jewel box bank” designed by Sullivan, and the second-to-last commission of his career, and was intended to communicate the bank as a modern and progressive institution, rather than employing the stodgier and more traditional Classical design found on most other banks of the era. The bank was commissioned by the president of the bank, J. Russell Wheeler, whose wife, Anna May Wheeler, pushed him to commission Sullivan to design a new home for the bank. In addition to Louis Sullivan, the building’s stained glass windows, were designed by architectural decorator Louis J. Millet, and the terra cotta by clay modeler Kristian Schneider, whom developed moulds for the building’s terra cotta, metal, and plaster details. The two artisans worked alongside Sullivan on several other bank projects. The building was heavily documented in Sullivan’s 1924 “A System of Architectural Ornament”, published shortly before he died.
The building is clad in red tapestry brick, which features blue and green mixed with the red clay mixture in some bricks, creating variation in color and texture across the facade. The brick creates a backdrop to some of the best terra cotta on any of Sullivan’s projects. The terra cotta features many of the floral and geometric motifs found on Sullivan’s other works, and is arranged similarly to other Sullivan banks that utilized brick cladding. The building features two principal facades, with a narrower facade along James Street, and a broader facade facing Dickason Boulevard. The James Street facade features two openings close to ground level, with the eastern bay housing a large plate glass window, and the western bay housing a doorway flanked by skylights, both of which are recessed under a large terra cotta architrave and flanked by square pilasters with decorative Sullivanesque ornament panels at the capitals. The architrave above the doorway and window is divided into three segments by vertical terra cotta elements that feature floral motifs and, like many Sullivan buildings, appear like plants with roots, branches, and crowns. The outer panels of the architrave feature circular cartouches with hexagonal trim, leaves, and geometric elements, with circular central medallions featuring the years 1861, when the bank was founded, and 1919, when the bank was completed. The central panel is clad in marble with the words “Farmers & Merchants Union Bank” and “Louis Sullivan, Architect” engraved into the stone with yellow pigmentation, contrasting against the white and green marble background. Atop the two vertical elements on either side of the central panel are griffin sculptures holding shields, a common element on many of Sullivan’s “Jewel Box Banks,” while the base of the outer vertical elements features the initials of the bank at the base. Above the architrave is an arched bay that houses a stained glass window, trimmed with decorative terra cotta at the inner and outer rings of the arch, with the bay becoming more recessed after each concentric arch, much like the entrances to medieval Romanesque churches. Besides a band of belt coursing that runs on either side of the architrave and wraps the corner to a tapered buttress on the Dickason Boulevard facade, the only other adornment is an eagle sculpture on a vertical trim element at the center of the parapet, which terminates many brick courses above the arched opening below, and another band of terra cotta trim along the top of the parapet, which forms a cap on the parapet around the perimeter of the building’s low-slope roof. On the Dickason Boulevard facade, the building features five recessed clerestory arched bays housing stained glass windows, flanked by tapered buttresses. Surrounding the arched tops of the windows are decorative trim panels with floral motifs, which begin just below the base of the arches, and extend up above the top of the arches, terminating in a band of belt coursing. Atop the buttresses at either end are trim elements featuring large spheres atop rectilinear legs with floral motifs below, undulating in and out with the brick below. Additionally, a band of belt coursing, which wraps the corner of Dickson Boulevard and James Street, runs beneath the windows, only interrupted by the buttresses. Toward the back, on the building’s original rear wing, there are three windows at eye level in the original building, with bands of belt coursing below and at the top of the parapet. The rear window is a recessed bay window flanked by two pilasters with sullivanesque terra cotta panels, while the smaller windows are flanked by sullivanesque relief panels. The rear wing features a roof at multiple heights, and was extended in 1961 with a matching addition by Law, Potter and Nystrom, since removed. The rear of the taller portion of the building features a simple recessed bay with an arched window, and a similar eagle sculpture and vertical trim piece as on the front facade.
Inside, the front wing of the building features a tall banking hall with brick cladding on the walls up to the level of the windows, where it terminates at a wooden sill. The space is split down the middle by a row of brick piers and low walls framing the teller cages, which terminate at the sill line of the windows, dividing the space while still allowing it to read as a single continuous lofty space. The brick forms piers at the teller’s cages, pilasters separating desks on the exterior wall, and low brick walls with marble caps. The upper portion of the walls and the coffered ceiling in this space is finished with white plaster, which gives the space a very vertical and airy feeling, as do the cream-colored terrazzo floors, which feature black edges at the base of the walls, tying the space together. The space features a terra cotta water fountain, or bubbler, also designed by sullivan, which features intricate ornament by Schneider. The space also features two mezzanine balconies with metal railings that run below the arched windows at the front and rear of the space, allowing managers to observe the activities in the lobby and teller area below from the rear balcony, while the front balcony exists solely to balance the space and keep it symmetrical. An office for private conferences with customers was originally located near the front of the space, along with a manager’s office, allowing convenience for customers seeking a meeting with the bank management. The teller’s side of the space also housed the bank’s two vaults and several other private offices. The bank originally featured a large meeting room in the one-story rear wing, behind the vaults, with a women’s waiting room sitting along the Dickason Boulevard side of the rear wing, featuring a bay window and a restroom. The building’s interior has changed in function somewhat due to the growth of the bank, changes in bank operations, and expansion of the building with new additions to house offices and a drive-through in the rear.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and is a contributing structure in the Columbus Downtown Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The building saw an addition in 2006, clad in buff brick, which replicated a historic building that formerly stood to the east, and wraps the building to the rear, with a two-story section behind a one-story annex that connects the one-story rear wing of the bank to the new building. This wing replaced older additions made in 1961, which matched the one-story rear wing of the historic building, and 1980, which was modern in appearance and slightly recessed along James Street to give precedence to the historic building. The building still functions as the main office branch of the Farmers and Merchants Union Bank, which has grown substantially. The building has been long considered to be among the best of Sullivan’s “Jewel Box Banks,” and has been kept in excellent condition by the bank’s careful and caring generational stewardship.
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman†with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour.
Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, usually towards pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements.
Toronto Zoo Website
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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The genus Velella, known as the By-the-Wind sailor, and Porpita, known as blue-buttons (not to be confused with blue-bottles), are two interesting Hydrozoans (Cnidarians) that live at the surface of the water. Although they are blue-colored hydrozoans and float partly above the water like the Portuguese Man o' War (Physalia), they are not especially closely related to it or other siphonophores. Even recent literature called them siphonophores, but the nearest Cnidarian relatives are the "Capitate" hydroids.
One of the most interesting things about Velella is that it is best described as a hydroid colony which has flipped itself over. It is unlike a traditional jellyfish (medusa), but rather like the benthic stage of a hydroid. Instead of living attached to rocks on the bottom, its "substrate" is the ocean's surface. These hydroid colonies bud off tiny medusae, little "jellyfish", just like many benthic hydroids do. The medusae live, feed, and reproduce in surface waters (Larson, 1980).
Velella typically live far offshore in open ocean waters, and their little sails help distribute them using the force of the wind. However because they sail only downwind or at a slight angle to the wind, they are often blown ashore in very high numbers, with millions piling onto beaches in drift rows.
Besides their sail, a striking feature of Velella is their blue pigmentation. In fact, most animals that live on the surface of the water (Snails, jellies, fish) have blue pigmentation. It may serve different purposes for different organisms, but is like a combination of camouflage and protection from the suns rays. Dried animals on the beach lose their pigmentation and look bleached white.
Velella are not dangerous to humans. They can sting and capture small prey, but they also harbor algal symbionts, giving mature specimens and greenish or even brown tint.
Most specimens are "left-handed" with the sail going from upper-left to lower-right along their long body axis, but a few are right-handed (Bieri, 1959). This dimorphism has led to speculation that there is a difference in preferred sailing direction in the northern and southern hemispheres, or on the eastern and western shores of oceans. So far these morphological differences have not been reliably correlated with patterns of geographic distribution or prevailing winds.
Further reading Bieri, R. (1959). Dimorphism and size distribution in Velella and Physalia. Nature, 184, 1333–1334. Fields, W. G., & Mackie, G. O. (1971). Evolution of the Chondrophora: Evidence from Behavioural Studies on Velella. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28(10), 1595–1602. doi:10.1139/f71-238 Francis, L. (1991). Sailing downwind: aerodynamic performance of the Velella sail, J. Experimental Biol. 158(1), 117. Larson, R. J. (1980). The medusa of Velella velella (Linnaeus, 1758)(Hydrozoa, Chondrophorae). J. Plankton Research, 2, 183–186.
Sand. The sand in the Oregon Dunes is from the Coast Mountain Range, which is sedimentary rock that was uplifted 12 million years ago. As rock was moved downstream by rivers, it tumbled and abraded itself into sand.
Tierra del Mar is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States, located on the Oregon Coast, about 25 miles south of Tillamook and 4 miles north of Pacific City and Cape Kiwanda, along Sandlake Road, west of U.S. Route 101.
Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus
Description : Polar bears are considered the largest land carnivores in the world, matched only by very large individual Kodiak brown bears. Both sexes differ in size throughout their range; males being much larger than females and continuing to grow for a longer period of time. These bears have long, massive skulls, necks and bodies with long legs and large paws. Ears and tail are short. The nose is more prominent or “Roman†with a black rhinarium (nose pad). The tongue is black and the eyes brown. The surface of the skin is also black. Fur colour varies slightly with the season: new coats grown just prior to the winter season are very white appearing as slightly creamy white against the stark white of their icy winter environment. This pelage is thick, coarse and long with dense underfur. Guard hairs, found throughout the pelage, are shiny, almost glossy, oily and waterproof and have hollow shafts. Polar bears moult annually between the end of May and August. The coat becomes thinner and has a yellow wash or is almost a golden colour.
Male polar bears weigh between 400 – 600 kg, and have been recorded up to a maximum of 800 kg. Females are smaller than the males weighing up to 300 kg, and when pregnant up to 460 kg. Polar bears are 2.5 – 3.5 m long.
Distribution : The polar bear is circumpolar in distribution, inhabiting all Arctic seas and coastlines. It is found on the pack-ice off the Alaskan coast north of Bering Strait, off the coasts of Greenland and along the Eurasian Arctic coast from Spitsbergen to Wrangell Island. Rare stragglers reach Iceland. Individual bears have been seen on the frozen Arctic Ocean as far as latitude 88 degrees North, only 2 degrees from the North Pole. In Canada, they are found along the Arctic coasts from Alaska to Labrador and from the tip of James Bay to northern Ellesmere Island. Polar bears do roam as far as 150 kilometres inland into the coniferous forests, where they live very differently from the polar bears which belong to the high Arctic.
Habitat : They prefer areas of annual ice, which they use as a hunting platform and protective cover. This includes snow-drifted pressure ridges, refrozen cracks and areas of open water surrounded by ice. In areas where the pack ice melts by mid to late summer they come inland and live in coniferous forest areas. Here they remain until the ice re-freezes. Areas of solidly frozen sea ice and the open seas are avoided. Generally they are most common along coastal areas. Some do enter the permanent pack ice.
Food : The ringed seal is by far the most common prey. They also eat bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal. Young walrus are sometimes taken. During the summer months they feed upon the shoreline carrion, fish, mussels, crabs, starfish, lemmings and the eggs and nestling young of waterfowl and cliff-dwelling birds. They will also graze on kelp, grasses and eat mushrooms and crowberries.
Reproduction and Development : Normally they are solitary animals outside the breeding season, the exception being a mother with cubs. Polar bears mate in mid-summer. Females first start to breed at 3 to 5 years of age. In April and May adult females are in oestrus and ready to accept a mate. They are polyandrous, meaning one female will mate with more than one male in one breeding season. Males fight among themselves for the female’s attention and a couple will pair off for a period of a few days to two weeks. With females, delayed implantation occurs, the fertilized egg does not implant in the uterus until mid-September to mid-October. Embryonic development begins at this time. Gestation periods, therefore, vary a great deal when including this period of delay. Females choose suitable locations to build their maternity dens in mid-October and retreat to them for the winter season. They give birth to one to four cubs somewhere between late November and early January. Twins are most common. The newborns are small; 25 to 30 cm long and weigh less than 1 kg. They are covered with very fine hair, appearing almost naked and their eyes are closed. Their eyes open at 6 weeks. Growth is very quick; at two months their fur has thickened; they weigh about 5 kg and move about the den. By mid-March to early April, when the den is opened, the cubs weigh about 10 kg and are surprisingly strong. The cubs suckle for nine months, occasionally one year. They are very dependent on their mother and stay with her for two years. At that time they weigh 90 - 180 kg and are half grown.
Adaptations : Polar bears are wonderfully adapted to their Arctic surroundings.
Locomotion. On land a shuffling walk may be increased to a rolling gallop of 40 km/h and can outrun caribou over a short distance. Bears are often seen standing high on their hind legs, necks stretched to scan the landscape. On thin ice, legs are spread to distribute body mass. Thickly padded and furred soles allow the bear to move quietly as well as providing good traction. Small bumps and cavities on the soles act like suction cups keeping bears from slipping on the ice. The claws are used to dig into icy slopes and to grip prey. They are strong swimmers, paddling with their forefeet only and trailing their hind feet which act as a rudder. They can stay submerged for over one minute, keeping their eyes open. They swim at a speed of approximately 6.4 km/h, often covering long distances.
Insulation. Polar bears have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat and very dense underfur with several layers of glossy guard hair on the outside. Their pelt is much thicker in winter and provides excellent insulation. The fat layer also adds to buoyancy in the water. Water is shed easily from the oily waterproof fur. Small, furry ears have a heavy network of blood vessels, keeping them warm and conserving heat. The tail is short and rounded also conserving heat. Fur is very dense around the soles of the feet.
Pelage. The creamy white appearance of the coat allows the bear to be inconspicuous when hunting seal. Each hair is similar to an optical fibre; colourless and hollow. Being translucent, it reflects the heat from the sun down to the base of the hair, where it is absorbed by the black skin. Whiteness comes from reflection of light rather than pigmentation.
Hunting. Bears use their keen sense of smell to detect seal breathing holes. These can be up to a kilometer away and covered by a layer of snow and ice. They will stand or lie by the seal’s blowhole in the ice for hours; they may swim towards seals resting on the ice flows with only their nose showing above the water. They will dive quietly, then swim up to the ice edge and jump out on the seal, and will also crawl towards a sunbathing seal using every piece of raised ice to conceal the approach.
Denning. Both sexes occupy dens for shelter. Topographic factors influence the den sites. In Canadian core areas, dens frequently occur on south-facing slopes where northerly prevailing winds create the best drifts, where the wind-chill is least and insulation from received solar radiation is greatest. One of the three largest denning areas worldwide is in Canada. There are three main types of winter refuges: maternity dens, temporary dens and winter shelters. During the winter any bear may dig a temporary den and use it for a few days during a storm, or take shelter in a natural cavity. Winter shelters are used for longer periods of time as resting places. This type of shelter is usually roomier with additional features such as alcoves, porches and ventilation holes. Bears do not hibernate in the strict sense of the word; they have the ability to slow down their metabolism to conserve energy at any time of year. The state of self-induced lethargy while in the shelter allows them to preserve their vital fat reserves. During this time, the body temperature of the polar bear decreases by a few degrees from normal and the respiration rates are markedly reduced. Maternity dens are built and occupied by pregnant females and can vary in size. The denning chamber is at the upper end of an entrance tunnel 1 to 2 m long. It averages 1.5 m in diameter with a height of 90 to 100cm in the middle. Drifting snow seals the entrance. The chamber is higher than the tunnel, trapping bear body heat inside. Dens not only provide a safe place to give birth to her cubs, but are also a place of protection for the cubs during their first few months. During this time she does not leave the den, remaining with her cubs and living on her reserves of fat. In the spring, with her fat severely depleted she must leave to find food to sustain herself and her cubs. After they leave the maternity den she will build temporary refuges in which to nurse, rest and shelter her young cubs and warms them as they all sleep together. She heads with her cubs towards the nearest supply of food, usually towards pack ice.
Sight and sounds. Polar bears have good eyesight. Their eyes have inner eyelids that keep the glare of the sun on snow and ice from blinding them. When defending a food source from other bears they use a deep growl. They hiss and snort to show aggression. Angry bears use loud roars and growls. Mothers scold cubs with a low growl.
Threats to Survival : Polar bears are one of the animals most threatened by global warming. They depend entirely on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals. Reduction of the total ice cover in the Arctic is a serious concern globally. When the ice does not form or forms too late in the season many polar bears starve. In Hudson Bay, scientists have found the main cause of death for cubs to be either lack of food or lack of fat on nursing mothers. Exploitation of minerals and fossil fuels in the Arctic pose a continuous threat. Of the oil and natural gas deposits globally, 20% are located in the Arctic. As the ice cap recedes these become more accessible. Countries are competing which each other in claiming ownership of Arctic and its resources. This can only result in further and more drastic impact on polar bear habitat.
Status : IUCN: Vulnerable; CITES: Appendix II; COSEWIC: Special Concern
Zoo Diet : Toronto Zoo carnivore diet, dog chow, jumbo smelt and herring, carrots, bean sprouts, Vitamin E and Thiamine supplements.
Toronto Zoo Website
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Etruscan urn with cover, Late 3rd century B.C., Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
This object is one of five ash urns found in a tomb of the Velsi family of ancient Chiusi. This urn is the largest and best preserved of the group. Its inscription, ""FASTIA VELSI LARZL, VELUS PUIA," which extends across the front and part of the left end of the lid, identifies the cremated remains as those of "Fastia Velsi, wife of Larza Velu."
The woman reclining on two cushions is likely an idealized portrait of Fastia Velsi herself. She wears a sleeveless tunic held in by a belt, a veil, and a mantle which she holds in her right hand. On her right foot, which protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the lid, is a sandal. Around her neck is a torque and on her right arm two twisted bracelets. A slight ridge on the third finger of the left hand may indicate a ring. On the urn's front is a Skylla, a winged marine monster with the torso of a young woman and coiled fishtails instead of legs. On its forehead is a pair of small wings, in its left hand a sword (?), in its right a stone (?). Many Etruscans believed that the journey to the Underworld involved a dangerous sea voyage.
Painted on the molding above the panel is an egg-and-dart pattern; on each side a fluted column. A patera in a sunken panel decorates each end. The portion below the panels, on both front and ends, is hewn into the form of a double scroll. The back of the chest is unadorned. The object's pigmentation includes black, brown, pale blue, red, and pink.
Health Benefits of Copper
In a previous article on Ushapan, the author had indicated that
copper water needs more attention later. Here are the results:
Copper can destroy undesirable Virus and bacteria. It is interesting
that ayurveda new this, when bacteria were unknown to science.
Ayurveda recommends storing water in Copper Vessels. Ancient
Egyptians used Copper Vessels to keep water fresh. Even today,
management of Siva temple at Rameswaram uses large sized Copper
vessels to store water brought from river Ganges to offer to lord
Siva. Water, stored thus, stays fresh for years together. Copper
vessel can be the answer to kill the `E-Coly' bacteria which causes
food poisoning, according to Scientists. British scientists are
carrying out research on copper and concluded that copper ions kill
these harmful bacteria, a capability not found in any other metals
including gold. It is interesting to see that a research group from
Southampton university found that Coly 157 bacterias can live happily
in stainless steel vessels for months together, while copper vessel
at room temperature can kill them in just four hours. At 4 deg
centigrade, it takes 14 hours. At 20 deg centigrade, in the stainless
steel vessel , those bacterials live for 34 days, while in brass
vessel they live for 4 days.
Thus if one uses copper vessels for storing water in factories,
shops, hospitals, restaurants, we can get rid of the risk of these
food poisoning bacterias. Though stainless steel is much used due to
its shine, apparent hygenic cleanliness, copper is more useful
material for vessels. In Scotland alone, in 1997, 500 were sick by
water poisoning by E-Coil bacteria, out of which 20 died.
Copper water can be prepared in two ways. Fill a clean copper vessel
with water and boil on low heat till water quantity reaches to 50%.
Alternatively you can use a glass vessel and add copper scrap, copper
wire bundle etc so that water absorbs more copper due to increased
exposure area. When copper dissolves in water, water becomes ionic
(electrolytre) as can be ascertained by its pH measurement. That is
the reason the micro-organisms get killed in such water. Those who do
not have time to look after water boiling, can keep water stored in a
clean copper vessel and drink after 8-12 hours. Storing for more
period causes no harm, but concentration of ions gets saturated. Care
must be taken to keep the inside of the vessel shining by using
special cleaning powders. One such powder is available in
Maharashtra, India under the brand name "Pitambari". However, hands
must be protected by a scrub if one uses this powder. Alternatively,
tamarind can be used safely. Due to copper water mania, nowadays
special copper flasks which can be stored in fridge are available in
Indian Market. However, copper pots should not be stored in fridge,
drink at room temperatutre. "Sharp" quality of copper water gets
destroyed by fridge.
Copper and Fertility
Drinking copper water has another advantage. This was pointed out by
Andrew Saul, Contributing Editor for the Journal of Orthomolecular
Medicine, while speaking on fertility, conception and family
planning. In his own words,
" If you want to conceive, try having the man take megadoses of
vitamin C for a few weeks prior. At least 6,000 milligrams a day,
and as much as 20,000 mg/day guarantees very high sperm production.
Divide the dose throughout the day for maximum effect. And that
effect is what, exactly? More sperm, stronger sperm, and better
swimming sperm all occurred, at even lower daily C doses, in a
University of Texas study. Take more C and you'll make vast
quantities of super sperm. You think this won't work? Have I shown
you my baby pictures?
Here's more: zinc and plenty of it helps the prostate and increases
seminal fluid production. There is a scientific literature a mile
long about zinc and male fertility. About five to ten times the RDA
will do it. That is approximately 50 to 100 mg of zinc daily. For
best absorption and best results, divide the dose into two, or better
yet, four doses. Zinc gluconate is well absorbed, and zinc
monomethionine better still. These are available at any health food
store without a prescription.
A lot of wussy nutritionists will tell you that such levels of zinc
are harmful. Truth is, most men don't even get the puny RDA (Recommended Daily
Average) of zinc, set laughingly at 10 or 12 milligrams. Zinc lozenges for the
common cold are many times higher than this. Up to 550 mg of zinc has been
safely given daily for a few weeks.
Continued high doses of zinc can produce a copper deficiency, and
sometimes a copper deficiency anemia. This is very easy to
compensate for. To begin with, most Americans have copper water
pipes in their homes. Drink a glass or two of cold water first out
of the tap every morning and you'll get copper. Secondly, eat more
raisins and other copper-high foods. Third, take a multiple vitamin
(as you should be doing anyway) with copper in it. Finally, do what
those sexpots in India have been doing for thousands of years. Buy a
copper metal cup, fill it with cold water at bedtime, and drink it
first thing the next morning. Make this Ayurvedic routine your
routine, and start knitting booties.
I have worked with supposedly "infertile" people who have
tried "everything" to conceive a child. Nutrition, especially the
vitamin C part, is not even mentioned in any fertility textbook I've
ever seen. I've received some nice postcards from couples who have
taken an odd idea or two of mine and gotten pregnant within a month
or two. It is a wonderful feeling, by the way, to have helped them
bring a soul to the Earth."
The author of this post recommends eating raisins or dates to his diabetes
patients also. The words of Andrew Saul clearly point how copper
water can minimise copper deficiency anemia. It is also seen that
copper water becomes "sharp" and gets readily absorbed by our body,
reaches cells in about 45 minutes. Hence, it is generally recommended
that after Ushapan, one should give a gap of 45 minutes before taking
tea or coffee. Copper water is also recommended to people suffering
from vitiligo, where it helps formation of melanin.
After starting on copper water, many do not need cold water to satisfy the
thirst. With yoga, pranayama and other breathing techniques, senses become so
sharp that taste and sharpness of each water can be sensed adequately. Though
copper water is slightly ionic, it does not cause gastric acidity to increase.
On the other hand, due to increased Agni and digestion, it helps in such cases.
Dr Bhate
The health benefits of copper include proper growth, utilization of iron, enzymatic reactions, connective tissues, hair, eyes, ageing and energy production. Apart from these, heart rhythm, thyroid glands, arthritis, wound healing. RBC formation and cholesterol are other health benefits of copper.
The health benefits of copper are crucial for healthy existence, as this mineral enables normal metabolic process in association with amino acids and vitamins. Copper cannot be produced within the body and hence needs to be sourced from external food sources. Copper is the third most prevalent mineral in the body and it is mostly carried by the blood plasma protein, Ceruloplasmin. In order to enjoy health benefits of copper, it must be included in diet of an individual.
Deficiency symptoms: Deficiency of copper can have the following symptoms in human beings:
Anemia
Low body temperature
Brittle bones
Osteoporosis
Dilated veins
Low white blood cell count
Uneven heartbeat
Elevated cholesterol levels
Low resistance to infections
Birth defects
Low skin pigmentation
Thyroid disorders
Some of the other symptoms include lethargy, paleness, sores, edema, stunted growth, hair loss, anorexia, diarrhea, bleeding under the skin and dermatitis. In infant boys, inherited copper deficiency of Menkes' syndrome can happen rarely, where natural absorption of copper becomes impossible. Early medical intervention is vital in such cases.
Important Sources: Copper is present in various food sources such as liver, meat, seafood, beans, whole grains soy flour, wheat bran, almonds, avocados, barley, garlic, nuts, oats, blackstrap molasses ,beets and lentils. Copper also reaches human body by drinking water from copper pipes and by using copper cooking wear. Oysters are the richest sources of copper. Copper content is lost because of prolonged storing in tin cans and in food materials that are high in acid content.
Benefits: Copper has many important roles to play in maintaining a healthy body and some of its benefits include:
Arthritis: The health benefits of copper relate to its anti-inflammatory actions to assist in reducing the symptoms of arthritis. Market is also flooded with copper bracelets as well as other accessories for the cure of this disease. Copper also works as a home remedy for arthritis i.e. water stored in a copper container overnight accumulates copper traces which are beneficial to strengthen the muscular system.
Proper growth: Copper is highly essential for normal growth and health. Thus, it is definitely important to include this mineral in balanced form in regular diets of an individual. It is helpful in protection of skeletal, nervous and cardiovascular systems.
Pigmentation to hair and eyes: Copper is a vital element of the natural dark pigment, melanin, which imparts coloration to skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin can be produced by melanocytes only in the presence of the cuproenzyme called tyrosinase. Intake of copper supplements helps in protecting the graying hair.
Connective tissues: Copper is an important nutrient that has a significant role in the synthesis of hemoglobin, myelin, body pigment melanin and collagen. It helps to protect the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves. It is also actively involved in the production of an element of connective tissue, elastin.
Brain Stimulation: Copper is widely known as a brain stimulant. It is also otherwise called “Brain food”. However, copper content in the diet has to be in right proportions. Too much of copper is also not healthy for the brain. Copper has a control function to play for the brain and hence the extent of copper supplement intake has to be balanced.
Utilization of iron and sugar: Copper helps in the absorption of iron from the intestinal tract and release from its primary storage sites like liver. It also helps in the utilization of sugar in the body.
Enzymatic reactions: Copper is either an element or a cofactor of as many as 50 different enzymes that take part in various biological reactions within the body. These enzymes can function properly only in the presence of copper.
Helps in stalling ageing: Copper is a strong antioxidant, which works in the presence of the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, to safeguard the cell membranes from free radicals.
Increases energy production: Copper is essential for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, which is an energy storehouse of the human body. The cuproenzyme, cytochrome c oxidase, affects the intracellular energy production. It acts as a catalyst in the reduction of molecular oxygen to water, during which the enzyme produces an electrical gradient used by the mitochondria to synthesize the vital energy-storing molecule, ATP.
Bactericidal properties: Studies have shown that copper can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacterial strains such as E Coli.
Thyroid glands: Copper has an important role in ensuring the proper functioning of thyroid glands.
RBC formation: Copper helps in the production of red blood cells hemoglobin and bone.
Immunity: Copper has an important role in the healing process and thus, ensures better wound healing. Copper acts as an extremely good immunity builder. It also works as a cure to anemic problems.
Reduces cholesterol: Research studies have shown that copper can reduce bad cholesterol level and helps in increasing beneficial cholesterol.
Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive
Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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A fungus (pl.: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), that share a common ancestor (i.e. they form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known that fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases, and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals, including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.
The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of the fungus kingdom, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species. Of these, only about 148,000 have been described, with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans. Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within the fungi kingdom, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.
Etymology
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
The word mycology is derived from the Greek mykes (μύκης 'mushroom') and logos (λόγος 'discourse'). It denotes the scientific study of fungi. The Latin adjectival form of "mycology" (mycologicæ) appeared as early as 1796 in a book on the subject by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. The word appeared in English as early as 1824 in a book by Robert Kaye Greville. In 1836 the English naturalist Miles Joseph Berkeley's publication The English Flora of Sir James Edward Smith, Vol. 5. also refers to mycology as the study of fungi.
A group of all the fungi present in a particular region is known as mycobiota (plural noun, no singular). The term mycota is often used for this purpose, but many authors use it as a synonym of Fungi. The word funga has been proposed as a less ambiguous term morphologically similar to fauna and flora. The Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in August 2021 asked that the phrase fauna and flora be replaced by fauna, flora, and funga.
Characteristics
Fungal hyphae cells
Hyphal wall
Septum
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Ergosterol crystal
Ribosome
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lipid body
Plasma membrane
Spitzenkörper
Golgi apparatus
Fungal cell cycle showing Dikaryons typical of Higher Fungi
Before the introduction of molecular methods for phylogenetic analysis, taxonomists considered fungi to be members of the plant kingdom because of similarities in lifestyle: both fungi and plants are mainly immobile, and have similarities in general morphology and growth habitat. Although inaccurate, the common misconception that fungi are plants persists among the general public due to their historical classification, as well as several similarities. Like plants, fungi often grow in soil and, in the case of mushrooms, form conspicuous fruit bodies, which sometimes resemble plants such as mosses. The fungi are now considered a separate kingdom, distinct from both plants and animals, from which they appear to have diverged around one billion years ago (around the start of the Neoproterozoic Era). Some morphological, biochemical, and genetic features are shared with other organisms, while others are unique to the fungi, clearly separating them from the other kingdoms:
With other eukaryotes: Fungal cells contain membrane-bound nuclei with chromosomes that contain DNA with noncoding regions called introns and coding regions called exons. Fungi have membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, sterol-containing membranes, and ribosomes of the 80S type. They have a characteristic range of soluble carbohydrates and storage compounds, including sugar alcohols (e.g., mannitol), disaccharides, (e.g., trehalose), and polysaccharides (e.g., glycogen, which is also found in animals).
With animals: Fungi lack chloroplasts and are heterotrophic organisms and so require preformed organic compounds as energy sources.
With plants: Fungi have a cell wall and vacuoles. They reproduce by both sexual and asexual means, and like basal plant groups (such as ferns and mosses) produce spores. Similar to mosses and algae, fungi typically have haploid nuclei.
With euglenoids and bacteria: Higher fungi, euglenoids, and some bacteria produce the amino acid L-lysine in specific biosynthesis steps, called the α-aminoadipate pathway.
The cells of most fungi grow as tubular, elongated, and thread-like (filamentous) structures called hyphae, which may contain multiple nuclei and extend by growing at their tips. Each tip contains a set of aggregated vesicles—cellular structures consisting of proteins, lipids, and other organic molecules—called the Spitzenkörper. Both fungi and oomycetes grow as filamentous hyphal cells. In contrast, similar-looking organisms, such as filamentous green algae, grow by repeated cell division within a chain of cells. There are also single-celled fungi (yeasts) that do not form hyphae, and some fungi have both hyphal and yeast forms.
In common with some plant and animal species, more than one hundred fungal species display bioluminescence.
Unique features:
Some species grow as unicellular yeasts that reproduce by budding or fission. Dimorphic fungi can switch between a yeast phase and a hyphal phase in response to environmental conditions.
The fungal cell wall is made of a chitin-glucan complex; while glucans are also found in plants and chitin in the exoskeleton of arthropods, fungi are the only organisms that combine these two structural molecules in their cell wall. Unlike those of plants and oomycetes, fungal cell walls do not contain cellulose.
A whitish fan or funnel-shaped mushroom growing at the base of a tree.
Omphalotus nidiformis, a bioluminescent mushroom
Most fungi lack an efficient system for the long-distance transport of water and nutrients, such as the xylem and phloem in many plants. To overcome this limitation, some fungi, such as Armillaria, form rhizomorphs, which resemble and perform functions similar to the roots of plants. As eukaryotes, fungi possess a biosynthetic pathway for producing terpenes that uses mevalonic acid and pyrophosphate as chemical building blocks. Plants and some other organisms have an additional terpene biosynthesis pathway in their chloroplasts, a structure that fungi and animals do not have. Fungi produce several secondary metabolites that are similar or identical in structure to those made by plants. Many of the plant and fungal enzymes that make these compounds differ from each other in sequence and other characteristics, which indicates separate origins and convergent evolution of these enzymes in the fungi and plants.
Diversity
Fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide range of habitats, including extreme environments such as deserts or areas with high salt concentrations or ionizing radiation, as well as in deep sea sediments. Some can survive the intense UV and cosmic radiation encountered during space travel. Most grow in terrestrial environments, though several species live partly or solely in aquatic habitats, such as the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans, parasites that have been responsible for a worldwide decline in amphibian populations. These organisms spend part of their life cycle as a motile zoospore, enabling them to propel itself through water and enter their amphibian host. Other examples of aquatic fungi include those living in hydrothermal areas of the ocean.
As of 2020, around 148,000 species of fungi have been described by taxonomists, but the global biodiversity of the fungus kingdom is not fully understood. A 2017 estimate suggests there may be between 2.2 and 3.8 million species The number of new fungi species discovered yearly has increased from 1,000 to 1,500 per year about 10 years ago, to about 2000 with a peak of more than 2,500 species in 2016. In the year 2019, 1882 new species of fungi were described, and it was estimated that more than 90% of fungi remain unknown The following year, 2905 new species were described—the highest annual record of new fungus names. In mycology, species have historically been distinguished by a variety of methods and concepts. Classification based on morphological characteristics, such as the size and shape of spores or fruiting structures, has traditionally dominated fungal taxonomy. Species may also be distinguished by their biochemical and physiological characteristics, such as their ability to metabolize certain biochemicals, or their reaction to chemical tests. The biological species concept discriminates species based on their ability to mate. The application of molecular tools, such as DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, to study diversity has greatly enhanced the resolution and added robustness to estimates of genetic diversity within various taxonomic groups.
Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the systematic study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy, and their use to humans as a source of medicine, food, and psychotropic substances consumed for religious purposes, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection. The field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, is closely related because many plant pathogens are fungi.
The use of fungi by humans dates back to prehistory; Ötzi the Iceman, a well-preserved mummy of a 5,300-year-old Neolithic man found frozen in the Austrian Alps, carried two species of polypore mushrooms that may have been used as tinder (Fomes fomentarius), or for medicinal purposes (Piptoporus betulinus). Ancient peoples have used fungi as food sources—often unknowingly—for millennia, in the preparation of leavened bread and fermented juices. Some of the oldest written records contain references to the destruction of crops that were probably caused by pathogenic fungi.
History
Mycology became a systematic science after the development of the microscope in the 17th century. Although fungal spores were first observed by Giambattista della Porta in 1588, the seminal work in the development of mycology is considered to be the publication of Pier Antonio Micheli's 1729 work Nova plantarum genera. Micheli not only observed spores but also showed that, under the proper conditions, they could be induced into growing into the same species of fungi from which they originated. Extending the use of the binomial system of nomenclature introduced by Carl Linnaeus in his Species plantarum (1753), the Dutch Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1761–1836) established the first classification of mushrooms with such skill as to be considered a founder of modern mycology. Later, Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878) further elaborated the classification of fungi, using spore color and microscopic characteristics, methods still used by taxonomists today. Other notable early contributors to mycology in the 17th–19th and early 20th centuries include Miles Joseph Berkeley, August Carl Joseph Corda, Anton de Bary, the brothers Louis René and Charles Tulasne, Arthur H. R. Buller, Curtis G. Lloyd, and Pier Andrea Saccardo. In the 20th and 21st centuries, advances in biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, biotechnology, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis has provided new insights into fungal relationships and biodiversity, and has challenged traditional morphology-based groupings in fungal taxonomy.
Morphology
Microscopic structures
Monochrome micrograph showing Penicillium hyphae as long, transparent, tube-like structures a few micrometres across. Conidiophores branch out laterally from the hyphae, terminating in bundles of phialides on which spherical condidiophores are arranged like beads on a string. Septa are faintly visible as dark lines crossing the hyphae.
An environmental isolate of Penicillium
Hypha
Conidiophore
Phialide
Conidia
Septa
Most fungi grow as hyphae, which are cylindrical, thread-like structures 2–10 µm in diameter and up to several centimeters in length. Hyphae grow at their tips (apices); new hyphae are typically formed by emergence of new tips along existing hyphae by a process called branching, or occasionally growing hyphal tips fork, giving rise to two parallel-growing hyphae. Hyphae also sometimes fuse when they come into contact, a process called hyphal fusion (or anastomosis). These growth processes lead to the development of a mycelium, an interconnected network of hyphae. Hyphae can be either septate or coenocytic. Septate hyphae are divided into compartments separated by cross walls (internal cell walls, called septa, that are formed at right angles to the cell wall giving the hypha its shape), with each compartment containing one or more nuclei; coenocytic hyphae are not compartmentalized. Septa have pores that allow cytoplasm, organelles, and sometimes nuclei to pass through; an example is the dolipore septum in fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota. Coenocytic hyphae are in essence multinucleate supercells.
Many species have developed specialized hyphal structures for nutrient uptake from living hosts; examples include haustoria in plant-parasitic species of most fungal phyla,[63] and arbuscules of several mycorrhizal fungi, which penetrate into the host cells to consume nutrients.
Although fungi are opisthokonts—a grouping of evolutionarily related organisms broadly characterized by a single posterior flagellum—all phyla except for the chytrids have lost their posterior flagella. Fungi are unusual among the eukaryotes in having a cell wall that, in addition to glucans (e.g., β-1,3-glucan) and other typical components, also contains the biopolymer chitin.
Macroscopic structures
Fungal mycelia can become visible to the naked eye, for example, on various surfaces and substrates, such as damp walls and spoiled food, where they are commonly called molds. Mycelia grown on solid agar media in laboratory petri dishes are usually referred to as colonies. These colonies can exhibit growth shapes and colors (due to spores or pigmentation) that can be used as diagnostic features in the identification of species or groups. Some individual fungal colonies can reach extraordinary dimensions and ages as in the case of a clonal colony of Armillaria solidipes, which extends over an area of more than 900 ha (3.5 square miles), with an estimated age of nearly 9,000 years.
The apothecium—a specialized structure important in sexual reproduction in the ascomycetes—is a cup-shaped fruit body that is often macroscopic and holds the hymenium, a layer of tissue containing the spore-bearing cells. The fruit bodies of the basidiomycetes (basidiocarps) and some ascomycetes can sometimes grow very large, and many are well known as mushrooms.
Growth and physiology
Time-lapse photography sequence of a peach becoming progressively discolored and disfigured
Mold growth covering a decaying peach. The frames were taken approximately 12 hours apart over a period of six days.
The growth of fungi as hyphae on or in solid substrates or as single cells in aquatic environments is adapted for the efficient extraction of nutrients, because these growth forms have high surface area to volume ratios. Hyphae are specifically adapted for growth on solid surfaces, and to invade substrates and tissues. They can exert large penetrative mechanical forces; for example, many plant pathogens, including Magnaporthe grisea, form a structure called an appressorium that evolved to puncture plant tissues.[71] The pressure generated by the appressorium, directed against the plant epidermis, can exceed 8 megapascals (1,200 psi).[71] The filamentous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus uses a similar structure to penetrate the eggs of nematodes.
The mechanical pressure exerted by the appressorium is generated from physiological processes that increase intracellular turgor by producing osmolytes such as glycerol. Adaptations such as these are complemented by hydrolytic enzymes secreted into the environment to digest large organic molecules—such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids—into smaller molecules that may then be absorbed as nutrients. The vast majority of filamentous fungi grow in a polar fashion (extending in one direction) by elongation at the tip (apex) of the hypha. Other forms of fungal growth include intercalary extension (longitudinal expansion of hyphal compartments that are below the apex) as in the case of some endophytic fungi, or growth by volume expansion during the development of mushroom stipes and other large organs. Growth of fungi as multicellular structures consisting of somatic and reproductive cells—a feature independently evolved in animals and plants—has several functions, including the development of fruit bodies for dissemination of sexual spores (see above) and biofilms for substrate colonization and intercellular communication.
Fungi are traditionally considered heterotrophs, organisms that rely solely on carbon fixed by other organisms for metabolism. Fungi have evolved a high degree of metabolic versatility that allows them to use a diverse range of organic substrates for growth, including simple compounds such as nitrate, ammonia, acetate, or ethanol. In some species the pigment melanin may play a role in extracting energy from ionizing radiation, such as gamma radiation. This form of "radiotrophic" growth has been described for only a few species, the effects on growth rates are small, and the underlying biophysical and biochemical processes are not well known. This process might bear similarity to CO2 fixation via visible light, but instead uses ionizing radiation as a source of energy.
Reproduction
Two thickly stemmed brownish mushrooms with scales on the upper surface, growing out of a tree trunk
Polyporus squamosus
Fungal reproduction is complex, reflecting the differences in lifestyles and genetic makeup within this diverse kingdom of organisms. It is estimated that a third of all fungi reproduce using more than one method of propagation; for example, reproduction may occur in two well-differentiated stages within the life cycle of a species, the teleomorph (sexual reproduction) and the anamorph (asexual reproduction). Environmental conditions trigger genetically determined developmental states that lead to the creation of specialized structures for sexual or asexual reproduction. These structures aid reproduction by efficiently dispersing spores or spore-containing propagules.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction occurs via vegetative spores (conidia) or through mycelial fragmentation. Mycelial fragmentation occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces, and each component grows into a separate mycelium. Mycelial fragmentation and vegetative spores maintain clonal populations adapted to a specific niche, and allow more rapid dispersal than sexual reproduction. The "Fungi imperfecti" (fungi lacking the perfect or sexual stage) or Deuteromycota comprise all the species that lack an observable sexual cycle. Deuteromycota (alternatively known as Deuteromycetes, conidial fungi, or mitosporic fungi) is not an accepted taxonomic clade and is now taken to mean simply fungi that lack a known sexual stage.
Sexual reproduction
See also: Mating in fungi and Sexual selection in fungi
Sexual reproduction with meiosis has been directly observed in all fungal phyla except Glomeromycota (genetic analysis suggests meiosis in Glomeromycota as well). It differs in many aspects from sexual reproduction in animals or plants. Differences also exist between fungal groups and can be used to discriminate species by morphological differences in sexual structures and reproductive strategies. Mating experiments between fungal isolates may identify species on the basis of biological species concepts. The major fungal groupings have initially been delineated based on the morphology of their sexual structures and spores; for example, the spore-containing structures, asci and basidia, can be used in the identification of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, respectively. Fungi employ two mating systems: heterothallic species allow mating only between individuals of the opposite mating type, whereas homothallic species can mate, and sexually reproduce, with any other individual or itself.
Most fungi have both a haploid and a diploid stage in their life cycles. In sexually reproducing fungi, compatible individuals may combine by fusing their hyphae together into an interconnected network; this process, anastomosis, is required for the initiation of the sexual cycle. Many ascomycetes and basidiomycetes go through a dikaryotic stage, in which the nuclei inherited from the two parents do not combine immediately after cell fusion, but remain separate in the hyphal cells (see heterokaryosis).
In ascomycetes, dikaryotic hyphae of the hymenium (the spore-bearing tissue layer) form a characteristic hook (crozier) at the hyphal septum. During cell division, the formation of the hook ensures proper distribution of the newly divided nuclei into the apical and basal hyphal compartments. An ascus (plural asci) is then formed, in which karyogamy (nuclear fusion) occurs. Asci are embedded in an ascocarp, or fruiting body. Karyogamy in the asci is followed immediately by meiosis and the production of ascospores. After dispersal, the ascospores may germinate and form a new haploid mycelium.
Sexual reproduction in basidiomycetes is similar to that of the ascomycetes. Compatible haploid hyphae fuse to produce a dikaryotic mycelium. However, the dikaryotic phase is more extensive in the basidiomycetes, often also present in the vegetatively growing mycelium. A specialized anatomical structure, called a clamp connection, is formed at each hyphal septum. As with the structurally similar hook in the ascomycetes, the clamp connection in the basidiomycetes is required for controlled transfer of nuclei during cell division, to maintain the dikaryotic stage with two genetically different nuclei in each hyphal compartment. A basidiocarp is formed in which club-like structures known as basidia generate haploid basidiospores after karyogamy and meiosis. The most commonly known basidiocarps are mushrooms, but they may also take other forms (see Morphology section).
In fungi formerly classified as Zygomycota, haploid hyphae of two individuals fuse, forming a gametangium, a specialized cell structure that becomes a fertile gamete-producing cell. The gametangium develops into a zygospore, a thick-walled spore formed by the union of gametes. When the zygospore germinates, it undergoes meiosis, generating new haploid hyphae, which may then form asexual sporangiospores. These sporangiospores allow the fungus to rapidly disperse and germinate into new genetically identical haploid fungal mycelia.
Spore dispersal
The spores of most of the researched species of fungi are transported by wind. Such species often produce dry or hydrophobic spores that do not absorb water and are readily scattered by raindrops, for example. In other species, both asexual and sexual spores or sporangiospores are often actively dispersed by forcible ejection from their reproductive structures. This ejection ensures exit of the spores from the reproductive structures as well as traveling through the air over long distances.
Specialized mechanical and physiological mechanisms, as well as spore surface structures (such as hydrophobins), enable efficient spore ejection. For example, the structure of the spore-bearing cells in some ascomycete species is such that the buildup of substances affecting cell volume and fluid balance enables the explosive discharge of spores into the air. The forcible discharge of single spores termed ballistospores involves formation of a small drop of water (Buller's drop), which upon contact with the spore leads to its projectile release with an initial acceleration of more than 10,000 g; the net result is that the spore is ejected 0.01–0.02 cm, sufficient distance for it to fall through the gills or pores into the air below. Other fungi, like the puffballs, rely on alternative mechanisms for spore release, such as external mechanical forces. The hydnoid fungi (tooth fungi) produce spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. The bird's nest fungi use the force of falling water drops to liberate the spores from cup-shaped fruiting bodies. Another strategy is seen in the stinkhorns, a group of fungi with lively colors and putrid odor that attract insects to disperse their spores.
Homothallism
In homothallic sexual reproduction, two haploid nuclei derived from the same individual fuse to form a zygote that can then undergo meiosis. Homothallic fungi include species with an Aspergillus-like asexual stage (anamorphs) occurring in numerous different genera, several species of the ascomycete genus Cochliobolus, and the ascomycete Pneumocystis jirovecii. The earliest mode of sexual reproduction among eukaryotes was likely homothallism, that is, self-fertile unisexual reproduction.
Other sexual processes
Besides regular sexual reproduction with meiosis, certain fungi, such as those in the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus, may exchange genetic material via parasexual processes, initiated by anastomosis between hyphae and plasmogamy of fungal cells. The frequency and relative importance of parasexual events is unclear and may be lower than other sexual processes. It is known to play a role in intraspecific hybridization and is likely required for hybridization between species, which has been associated with major events in fungal evolution.
Evolution
In contrast to plants and animals, the early fossil record of the fungi is meager. Factors that likely contribute to the under-representation of fungal species among fossils include the nature of fungal fruiting bodies, which are soft, fleshy, and easily degradable tissues and the microscopic dimensions of most fungal structures, which therefore are not readily evident. Fungal fossils are difficult to distinguish from those of other microbes, and are most easily identified when they resemble extant fungi. Often recovered from a permineralized plant or animal host, these samples are typically studied by making thin-section preparations that can be examined with light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy. Researchers study compression fossils by dissolving the surrounding matrix with acid and then using light or scanning electron microscopy to examine surface details.
The earliest fossils possessing features typical of fungi date to the Paleoproterozoic era, some 2,400 million years ago (Ma); these multicellular benthic organisms had filamentous structures capable of anastomosis. Other studies (2009) estimate the arrival of fungal organisms at about 760–1060 Ma on the basis of comparisons of the rate of evolution in closely related groups. The oldest fossilizied mycelium to be identified from its molecular composition is between 715 and 810 million years old. For much of the Paleozoic Era (542–251 Ma), the fungi appear to have been aquatic and consisted of organisms similar to the extant chytrids in having flagellum-bearing spores. The evolutionary adaptation from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle necessitated a diversification of ecological strategies for obtaining nutrients, including parasitism, saprobism, and the development of mutualistic relationships such as mycorrhiza and lichenization. Studies suggest that the ancestral ecological state of the Ascomycota was saprobism, and that independent lichenization events have occurred multiple times.
In May 2019, scientists reported the discovery of a fossilized fungus, named Ourasphaira giraldae, in the Canadian Arctic, that may have grown on land a billion years ago, well before plants were living on land. Pyritized fungus-like microfossils preserved in the basal Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (~635 Ma) have been reported in South China. Earlier, it had been presumed that the fungi colonized the land during the Cambrian (542–488.3 Ma), also long before land plants. Fossilized hyphae and spores recovered from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (460 Ma) resemble modern-day Glomerales, and existed at a time when the land flora likely consisted of only non-vascular bryophyte-like plants. Prototaxites, which was probably a fungus or lichen, would have been the tallest organism of the late Silurian and early Devonian. Fungal fossils do not become common and uncontroversial until the early Devonian (416–359.2 Ma), when they occur abundantly in the Rhynie chert, mostly as Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. At about this same time, approximately 400 Ma, the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota diverged, and all modern classes of fungi were present by the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian, 318.1–299 Ma).
Lichens formed a component of the early terrestrial ecosystems, and the estimated age of the oldest terrestrial lichen fossil is 415 Ma; this date roughly corresponds to the age of the oldest known sporocarp fossil, a Paleopyrenomycites species found in the Rhynie Chert. The oldest fossil with microscopic features resembling modern-day basidiomycetes is Palaeoancistrus, found permineralized with a fern from the Pennsylvanian. Rare in the fossil record are the Homobasidiomycetes (a taxon roughly equivalent to the mushroom-producing species of the Agaricomycetes). Two amber-preserved specimens provide evidence that the earliest known mushroom-forming fungi (the extinct species Archaeomarasmius leggetti) appeared during the late Cretaceous, 90 Ma.
Some time after the Permian–Triassic extinction event (251.4 Ma), a fungal spike (originally thought to be an extraordinary abundance of fungal spores in sediments) formed, suggesting that fungi were the dominant life form at this time, representing nearly 100% of the available fossil record for this period. However, the relative proportion of fungal spores relative to spores formed by algal species is difficult to assess, the spike did not appear worldwide, and in many places it did not fall on the Permian–Triassic boundary.
Sixty-five million years ago, immediately after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that famously killed off most dinosaurs, there was a dramatic increase in evidence of fungi; apparently the death of most plant and animal species led to a huge fungal bloom like "a massive compost heap".
Taxonomy
Although commonly included in botany curricula and textbooks, fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants and are placed with the animals in the monophyletic group of opisthokonts. Analyses using molecular phylogenetics support a monophyletic origin of fungi. The taxonomy of fungi is in a state of constant flux, especially due to research based on DNA comparisons. These current phylogenetic analyses often overturn classifications based on older and sometimes less discriminative methods based on morphological features and biological species concepts obtained from experimental matings.
There is no unique generally accepted system at the higher taxonomic levels and there are frequent name changes at every level, from species upwards. Efforts among researchers are now underway to establish and encourage usage of a unified and more consistent nomenclature. Until relatively recent (2012) changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, fungal species could also have multiple scientific names depending on their life cycle and mode (sexual or asexual) of reproduction. Web sites such as Index Fungorum and MycoBank are officially recognized nomenclatural repositories and list current names of fungal species (with cross-references to older synonyms).
The 2007 classification of Kingdom Fungi is the result of a large-scale collaborative research effort involving dozens of mycologists and other scientists working on fungal taxonomy. It recognizes seven phyla, two of which—the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota—are contained within a branch representing subkingdom Dikarya, the most species rich and familiar group, including all the mushrooms, most food-spoilage molds, most plant pathogenic fungi, and the beer, wine, and bread yeasts. The accompanying cladogram depicts the major fungal taxa and their relationship to opisthokont and unikont organisms, based on the work of Philippe Silar, "The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research" and Tedersoo et al. 2018. The lengths of the branches are not proportional to evolutionary distances.
The major phyla (sometimes called divisions) of fungi have been classified mainly on the basis of characteristics of their sexual reproductive structures. As of 2019, nine major lineages have been identified: Opisthosporidia, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Zoopagomycotina, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that the Microsporidia, unicellular parasites of animals and protists, are fairly recent and highly derived endobiotic fungi (living within the tissue of another species). Previously considered to be "primitive" protozoa, they are now thought to be either a basal branch of the Fungi, or a sister group–each other's closest evolutionary relative.
The Chytridiomycota are commonly known as chytrids. These fungi are distributed worldwide. Chytrids and their close relatives Neocallimastigomycota and Blastocladiomycota (below) are the only fungi with active motility, producing zoospores that are capable of active movement through aqueous phases with a single flagellum, leading early taxonomists to classify them as protists. Molecular phylogenies, inferred from rRNA sequences in ribosomes, suggest that the Chytrids are a basal group divergent from the other fungal phyla, consisting of four major clades with suggestive evidence for paraphyly or possibly polyphyly.
The Blastocladiomycota were previously considered a taxonomic clade within the Chytridiomycota. Molecular data and ultrastructural characteristics, however, place the Blastocladiomycota as a sister clade to the Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, and Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). The blastocladiomycetes are saprotrophs, feeding on decomposing organic matter, and they are parasites of all eukaryotic groups. Unlike their close relatives, the chytrids, most of which exhibit zygotic meiosis, the blastocladiomycetes undergo sporic meiosis.
The Neocallimastigomycota were earlier placed in the phylum Chytridiomycota. Members of this small phylum are anaerobic organisms, living in the digestive system of larger herbivorous mammals and in other terrestrial and aquatic environments enriched in cellulose (e.g., domestic waste landfill sites). They lack mitochondria but contain hydrogenosomes of mitochondrial origin. As in the related chrytrids, neocallimastigomycetes form zoospores that are posteriorly uniflagellate or polyflagellate.
Microscopic view of a layer of translucent grayish cells, some containing small dark-color spheres
Arbuscular mycorrhiza seen under microscope. Flax root cortical cells containing paired arbuscules.
Cross-section of a cup-shaped structure showing locations of developing meiotic asci (upper edge of cup, left side, arrows pointing to two gray cells containing four and two small circles), sterile hyphae (upper edge of cup, right side, arrows pointing to white cells with a single small circle in them), and mature asci (upper edge of cup, pointing to two gray cells with eight small circles in them)
Diagram of an apothecium (the typical cup-like reproductive structure of Ascomycetes) showing sterile tissues as well as developing and mature asci.
Members of the Glomeromycota form arbuscular mycorrhizae, a form of mutualist symbiosis wherein fungal hyphae invade plant root cells and both species benefit from the resulting increased supply of nutrients. All known Glomeromycota species reproduce asexually. The symbiotic association between the Glomeromycota and plants is ancient, with evidence dating to 400 million years ago. Formerly part of the Zygomycota (commonly known as 'sugar' and 'pin' molds), the Glomeromycota were elevated to phylum status in 2001 and now replace the older phylum Zygomycota. Fungi that were placed in the Zygomycota are now being reassigned to the Glomeromycota, or the subphyla incertae sedis Mucoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, the Zoopagomycotina and the Entomophthoromycotina. Some well-known examples of fungi formerly in the Zygomycota include black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), and Pilobolus species, capable of ejecting spores several meters through the air. Medically relevant genera include Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus.
The Ascomycota, commonly known as sac fungi or ascomycetes, constitute the largest taxonomic group within the Eumycota. These fungi form meiotic spores called ascospores, which are enclosed in a special sac-like structure called an ascus. This phylum includes morels, a few mushrooms and truffles, unicellular yeasts (e.g., of the genera Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, and Candida), and many filamentous fungi living as saprotrophs, parasites, and mutualistic symbionts (e.g. lichens). Prominent and important genera of filamentous ascomycetes include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Claviceps. Many ascomycete species have only been observed undergoing asexual reproduction (called anamorphic species), but analysis of molecular data has often been able to identify their closest teleomorphs in the Ascomycota. Because the products of meiosis are retained within the sac-like ascus, ascomycetes have been used for elucidating principles of genetics and heredity (e.g., Neurospora crassa).
Members of the Basidiomycota, commonly known as the club fungi or basidiomycetes, produce meiospores called basidiospores on club-like stalks called basidia. Most common mushrooms belong to this group, as well as rust and smut fungi, which are major pathogens of grains. Other important basidiomycetes include the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis, human commensal species of the genus Malassezia, and the opportunistic human pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans.
Fungus-like organisms
Because of similarities in morphology and lifestyle, the slime molds (mycetozoans, plasmodiophorids, acrasids, Fonticula and labyrinthulids, now in Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Excavata, Opisthokonta and Stramenopiles, respectively), water molds (oomycetes) and hyphochytrids (both Stramenopiles) were formerly classified in the kingdom Fungi, in groups like Mastigomycotina, Gymnomycota and Phycomycetes. The slime molds were studied also as protozoans, leading to an ambiregnal, duplicated taxonomy.
Unlike true fungi, the cell walls of oomycetes contain cellulose and lack chitin. Hyphochytrids have both chitin and cellulose. Slime molds lack a cell wall during the assimilative phase (except labyrinthulids, which have a wall of scales), and take in nutrients by ingestion (phagocytosis, except labyrinthulids) rather than absorption (osmotrophy, as fungi, labyrinthulids, oomycetes and hyphochytrids). Neither water molds nor slime molds are closely related to the true fungi, and, therefore, taxonomists no longer group them in the kingdom Fungi. Nonetheless, studies of the oomycetes and myxomycetes are still often included in mycology textbooks and primary research literature.
The Eccrinales and Amoebidiales are opisthokont protists, previously thought to be zygomycete fungi. Other groups now in Opisthokonta (e.g., Corallochytrium, Ichthyosporea) were also at given time classified as fungi. The genus Blastocystis, now in Stramenopiles, was originally classified as a yeast. Ellobiopsis, now in Alveolata, was considered a chytrid. The bacteria were also included in fungi in some classifications, as the group Schizomycetes.
The Rozellida clade, including the "ex-chytrid" Rozella, is a genetically disparate group known mostly from environmental DNA sequences that is a sister group to fungi. Members of the group that have been isolated lack the chitinous cell wall that is characteristic of fungi. Alternatively, Rozella can be classified as a basal fungal group.
The nucleariids may be the next sister group to the eumycete clade, and as such could be included in an expanded fungal kingdom. Many Actinomycetales (Actinomycetota), a group with many filamentous bacteria, were also long believed to be fungi.
Ecology
Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Along with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers in most terrestrial (and some aquatic) ecosystems, and therefore play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles and in many food webs. As decomposers, they play an essential role in nutrient cycling, especially as saprotrophs and symbionts, degrading organic matter to inorganic molecules, which can then re-enter anabolic metabolic pathways in plants or other organisms.
Symbiosis
Many fungi have important symbiotic relationships with organisms from most if not all kingdoms. These interactions can be mutualistic or antagonistic in nature, or in the case of commensal fungi are of no apparent benefit or detriment to the host.
With plants
Mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and fungi is one of the most well-known plant–fungus associations and is of significant importance for plant growth and persistence in many ecosystems; over 90% of all plant species engage in mycorrhizal relationships with fungi and are dependent upon this relationship for survival.
A microscopic view of blue-stained cells, some with dark wavy lines in them
The dark filaments are hyphae of the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala in the intercellular spaces of tall fescue leaf sheath tissue
The mycorrhizal symbiosis is ancient, dating back to at least 400 million years. It often increases the plant's uptake of inorganic compounds, such as nitrate and phosphate from soils having low concentrations of these key plant nutrients. The fungal partners may also mediate plant-to-plant transfer of carbohydrates and other nutrients. Such mycorrhizal communities are called "common mycorrhizal networks". A special case of mycorrhiza is myco-heterotrophy, whereby the plant parasitizes the fungus, obtaining all of its nutrients from its fungal symbiont. Some fungal species inhabit the tissues inside roots, stems, and leaves, in which case they are called endophytes. Similar to mycorrhiza, endophytic colonization by fungi may benefit both symbionts; for example, endophytes of grasses impart to their host increased resistance to herbivores and other environmental stresses and receive food and shelter from the plant in return.
With algae and cyanobacteria
A green, leaf-like structure attached to a tree, with a pattern of ridges and depression on the bottom surface
The lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, a symbiosis of fungal, algal, and cyanobacterial species
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria. The photosynthetic partner in the relationship is referred to in lichen terminology as a "photobiont". The fungal part of the relationship is composed mostly of various species of ascomycetes and a few basidiomycetes. Lichens occur in every ecosystem on all continents, play a key role in soil formation and the initiation of biological succession, and are prominent in some extreme environments, including polar, alpine, and semiarid desert regions. They are able to grow on inhospitable surfaces, including bare soil, rocks, tree bark, wood, shells, barnacles and leaves. As in mycorrhizas, the photobiont provides sugars and other carbohydrates via photosynthesis to the fungus, while the fungus provides minerals and water to the photobiont. The functions of both symbiotic organisms are so closely intertwined that they function almost as a single organism; in most cases the resulting organism differs greatly from the individual components. Lichenization is a common mode of nutrition for fungi; around 27% of known fungi—more than 19,400 species—are lichenized. Characteristics common to most lichens include obtaining organic carbon by photosynthesis, slow growth, small size, long life, long-lasting (seasonal) vegetative reproductive structures, mineral nutrition obtained largely from airborne sources, and greater tolerance of desiccation than most other photosynthetic organisms in the same habitat.
With insects
Many insects also engage in mutualistic relationships with fungi. Several groups of ants cultivate fungi in the order Chaetothyriales for several purposes: as a food source, as a structural component of their nests, and as a part of an ant/plant symbiosis in the domatia (tiny chambers in plants that house arthropods). Ambrosia beetles cultivate various species of fungi in the bark of trees that they infest. Likewise, females of several wood wasp species (genus Sirex) inject their eggs together with spores of the wood-rotting fungus Amylostereum areolatum into the sapwood of pine trees; the growth of the fungus provides ideal nutritional conditions for the development of the wasp larvae. At least one species of stingless bee has a relationship with a fungus in the genus Monascus, where the larvae consume and depend on fungus transferred from old to new nests. Termites on the African savannah are also known to cultivate fungi, and yeasts of the genera Candida and Lachancea inhabit the gut of a wide range of insects, including neuropterans, beetles, and cockroaches; it is not known whether these fungi benefit their hosts. Fungi growing in dead wood are essential for xylophagous insects (e.g. woodboring beetles). They deliver nutrients needed by xylophages to nutritionally scarce dead wood. Thanks to this nutritional enrichment the larvae of the woodboring insect is able to grow and develop to adulthood. The larvae of many families of fungicolous flies, particularly those within the superfamily Sciaroidea such as the Mycetophilidae and some Keroplatidae feed on fungal fruiting bodies and sterile mycorrhizae.
A thin brown stick positioned horizontally with roughly two dozen clustered orange-red leaves originating from a single point in the middle of the stick. These orange leaves are three to four times larger than the few other green leaves growing out of the stick, and are covered on the lower leaf surface with hundreds of tiny bumps. The background shows the green leaves and branches of neighboring shrubs.
The plant pathogen Puccinia magellanicum (calafate rust) causes the defect known as witch's broom, seen here on a barberry shrub in Chile.
Gram stain of Candida albicans from a vaginal swab from a woman with candidiasis, showing hyphae, and chlamydospores, which are 2–4 µm in diameter.
Many fungi are parasites on plants, animals (including humans), and other fungi. Serious pathogens of many cultivated plants causing extensive damage and losses to agriculture and forestry include the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, tree pathogens such as Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing Dutch elm disease, Cryphonectria parasitica responsible for chestnut blight, and Phymatotrichopsis omnivora causing Texas Root Rot, and plant pathogens in the genera Fusarium, Ustilago, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus. Some carnivorous fungi, like Paecilomyces lilacinus, are predators of nematodes, which they capture using an array of specialized structures such as constricting rings or adhesive nets. Many fungi that are plant pathogens, such as Magnaporthe oryzae, can switch from being biotrophic (parasitic on living plants) to being necrotrophic (feeding on the dead tissues of plants they have killed). This same principle is applied to fungi-feeding parasites, including Asterotremella albida, which feeds on the fruit bodies of other fungi both while they are living and after they are dead.
Some fungi can cause serious diseases in humans, several of which may be fatal if untreated. These include aspergillosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, mycetomas, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Furthermore, persons with immuno-deficiencies are particularly susceptible to disease by genera such as Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptoccocus, Histoplasma, and Pneumocystis. Other fungi can attack eyes, nails, hair, and especially skin, the so-called dermatophytic and keratinophilic fungi, and cause local infections such as ringworm and athlete's foot. Fungal spores are also a cause of allergies, and fungi from different taxonomic groups can evoke allergic reactions.
As targets of mycoparasites
Organisms that parasitize fungi are known as mycoparasitic organisms. About 300 species of fungi and fungus-like organisms, belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera, are used as biocontrol agents against plant fungal diseases. Fungi can also act as mycoparasites or antagonists of other fungi, such as Hypomyces chrysospermus, which grows on bolete mushrooms. Fungi can also become the target of infection by mycoviruses.
Communication
Main article: Mycorrhizal networks
There appears to be electrical communication between fungi in word-like components according to spiking characteristics.
Possible impact on climate
According to a study published in the academic journal Current Biology, fungi can soak from the atmosphere around 36% of global fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions.
Mycotoxins
(6aR,9R)-N-((2R,5S,10aS,10bS)-5-benzyl-10b-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxooctahydro-2H-oxazolo[3,2-a] pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazin-2-yl)-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg] quinoline-9-carboxamide
Ergotamine, a major mycotoxin produced by Claviceps species, which if ingested can cause gangrene, convulsions, and hallucinations
Many fungi produce biologically active compounds, several of which are toxic to animals or plants and are therefore called mycotoxins. Of particular relevance to humans are mycotoxins produced by molds causing food spoilage, and poisonous mushrooms (see above). Particularly infamous are the lethal amatoxins in some Amanita mushrooms, and ergot alkaloids, which have a long history of causing serious epidemics of ergotism (St Anthony's Fire) in people consuming rye or related cereals contaminated with sclerotia of the ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea. Other notable mycotoxins include the aflatoxins, which are insidious liver toxins and highly carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain Aspergillus species often growing in or on grains and nuts consumed by humans, ochratoxins, patulin, and trichothecenes (e.g., T-2 mycotoxin) and fumonisins, which have significant impact on human food supplies or animal livestock.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites (or natural products), and research has established the existence of biochemical pathways solely for the purpose of producing mycotoxins and other natural products in fungi. Mycotoxins may provide fitness benefits in terms of physiological adaptation, competition with other microbes and fungi, and protection from consumption (fungivory). Many fungal secondary metabolites (or derivatives) are used medically, as described under Human use below.
Pathogenic mechanisms
Ustilago maydis is a pathogenic plant fungus that causes smut disease in maize and teosinte. Plants have evolved efficient defense systems against pathogenic microbes such as U. maydis. A rapid defense reaction after pathogen attack is the oxidative burst where the plant produces reactive oxygen species at the site of the attempted invasion. U. maydis can respond to the oxidative burst with an oxidative stress response, regulated by the gene YAP1. The response protects U. maydis from the host defense, and is necessary for the pathogen's virulence. Furthermore, U. maydis has a well-established recombinational DNA repair system which acts during mitosis and meiosis. The system may assist the pathogen in surviving DNA damage arising from the host plant's oxidative defensive response to infection.
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. C. neoformans usually infects the lungs, where it is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. Some C. neoformans can survive inside macrophages, which appears to be the basis for latency, disseminated disease, and resistance to antifungal agents. One mechanism by which C. neoformans survives the hostile macrophage environment is by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response. Another mechanism involves meiosis. The majority of C. neoformans are mating "type a". Filaments of mating "type a" ordinarily have haploid nuclei, but they can become diploid (perhaps by endoduplication or by stimulated nuclear fusion) to form blastospores. The diploid nuclei of blastospores can undergo meiosis, including recombination, to form haploid basidiospores that can be dispersed. This process is referred to as monokaryotic fruiting. This process requires a gene called DMC1, which is a conserved homologue of genes recA in bacteria and RAD51 in eukaryotes, that mediates homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Thus, C. neoformans can undergo a meiosis, monokaryotic fruiting, that promotes recombinational repair in the oxidative, DNA damaging environment of the host macrophage, and the repair capability may contribute to its virulence.
Human use
See also: Human interactions with fungi
Microscopic view of five spherical structures; one of the spheres is considerably smaller than the rest and attached to one of the larger spheres
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells shown with DIC microscopy
The human use of fungi for food preparation or preservation and other purposes is extensive and has a long history. Mushroom farming and mushroom gathering are large industries in many countries. The study of the historical uses and sociological impact of fungi is known as ethnomycology. Because of the capacity of this group to produce an enormous range of natural products with antimicrobial or other biological activities, many species have long been used or are being developed for industrial production of antibiotics, vitamins, and anti-cancer and cholesterol-lowering drugs. Methods have been developed for genetic engineering of fungi, enabling metabolic engineering of fungal species. For example, genetic modification of yeast species—which are easy to grow at fast rates in large fermentation vessels—has opened up ways of pharmaceutical production that are potentially more efficient than production by the original source organisms. Fungi-based industries are sometimes considered to be a major part of a growing bioeconomy, with applications under research and development including use for textiles, meat substitution and general fungal biotechnology.
Therapeutic uses
Modern chemotherapeutics
Many species produce metabolites that are major sources of pharmacologically active drugs.
Antibiotics
Particularly important are the antibiotics, including the penicillins, a structurally related group of β-lactam antibiotics that are synthesized from small peptides. Although naturally occurring penicillins such as penicillin G (produced by Penicillium chrysogenum) have a relatively narrow spectrum of biological activity, a wide range of other penicillins can be produced by chemical modification of the natural penicillins. Modern penicillins are semisynthetic compounds, obtained initially from fermentation cultures, but then structurally altered for specific desirable properties. Other antibiotics produced by fungi include: ciclosporin, commonly used as an immunosuppressant during transplant surgery; and fusidic acid, used to help control infection from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Widespread use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial diseases, such as tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, and others began in the early 20th century and continues to date. In nature, antibiotics of fungal or bacterial origin appear to play a dual role: at high concentrations they act as chemical defense against competition with other microorganisms in species-rich environments, such as the rhizosphere, and at low concentrations as quorum-sensing molecules for intra- or interspecies signaling.
Other
Other drugs produced by fungi include griseofulvin isolated from Penicillium griseofulvum, used to treat fungal infections, and statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), used to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Examples of statins found in fungi include mevastatin from Penicillium citrinum and lovastatin from Aspergillus terreus and the oyster mushroom. Psilocybin from fungi is investigated for therapeutic use and appears to cause global increases in brain network integration. Fungi produce compounds that inhibit viruses and cancer cells. Specific metabolites, such as polysaccharide-K, ergotamine, and β-lactam antibiotics, are routinely used in clinical medicine. The shiitake mushroom is a source of lentinan, a clinical drug approved for use in cancer treatments in several countries, including Japan. In Europe and Japan, polysaccharide-K (brand name Krestin), a chemical derived from Trametes versicolor, is an approved adjuvant for cancer therapy.
Traditional medicine
Upper surface view of a kidney-shaped fungus, brownish-red with a lighter yellow-brown margin, and a somewhat varnished or shiny appearance
Two dried yellow-orange caterpillars, one with a curly grayish fungus growing out of one of its ends. The grayish fungus is roughly equal to or slightly greater in length than the caterpillar, and tapers in thickness to a narrow end.
The fungi Ganoderma lucidum (left) and Ophiocordyceps sinensis (right) are used in traditional medicine practices
Certain mushrooms are used as supposed therapeutics in folk medicine practices, such as traditional Chinese medicine. Mushrooms with a history of such use include Agaricus subrufescens, Ganoderma lucidum, and Ophiocordyceps sinensis.
Cultured foods
Baker's yeast or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a unicellular fungus, is used to make bread and other wheat-based products, such as pizza dough and dumplings. Yeast species of the genus Saccharomyces are also used to produce alcoholic beverages through fermentation. Shoyu koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) is an essential ingredient in brewing Shoyu (soy sauce) and sake, and the preparation of miso while Rhizopus species are used for making tempeh. Several of these fungi are domesticated species that were bred or selected according to their capacity to ferment food without producing harmful mycotoxins (see below), which are produced by very closely related Aspergilli. Quorn, a meat substitute, is made from Fusarium venenatum.
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, 1927
Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
Publisher:
Sponsor:
Contributor:
Date: 1927-01
Language: eng
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> Number 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> PREFACE v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Posture.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. E. Mott, Medical Corps, United States Navy 1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical Tactics in Naval Warfare —Part III— Continued.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, United States Navy, and Maj. A.
D. Tuttle, Medical Corps, United States Army 20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Identification by the Teeth.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. H. Taylor, Identification Section, Bureau of Navigation, Navy
Department 49</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An Analysis of the Annual Physical Examination of a Group of Officers.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. G. Roddis and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. A.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 54</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dressing Sterilizers with Special Reference to Temperature, Pressure,
and Chamber Air Exhaustion During the Process of Sterilization.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, United States Navy 62</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Calcium Hypochlorite for Lyster Bags.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. E. M. Steger, Medical Corps, United States Navy 6S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The Use of Modified Milk in Infant Feeding.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Short, Medical Corps, United States Navy 73</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation Crashes at Pensacola— 1925-26.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 86</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Climatic Bubo.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy
89</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ideas on Recruiting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. G. Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy 102 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One Thousand Operations During a Shore Cruise.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy 105</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Filariasis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. V. Hughens, Medical Corps, United States Navy. .
111</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Bismuto-Yatren A and B in the Treatment of Yaws. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. P. Parsons, Medical Corps, United States Navy
117</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Addison's Disease Without the Usual Pigmentation of the Skin.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander E. C. White and Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. F. James, Medical
Corps, United States Navy 122</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scurvy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. J. Roberts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
126 </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Negative X-ray Findings.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States Navy 128</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholecystography.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. B. Spalding, Medical Corps, United States Navy.. 131</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Syphilis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut, (junior grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States
Navy 134</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Yaws Sera and the Kahn Precipitation Test, Experiments With.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Pharmacist F. O. Huntsinger, United States Navy 135</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Commendation for articles in the Bulletin—Treatment of burns — Parasitic
infections in China—Effect of elevation of temperature on spirochetes —Rabies
—-American Relief Administration in Russia, 1921-1923— Forecasting smallpox
epidemics in India —Helium-oxygen mixture in diving —Treatment of pernicious
anemia by diet —International meeting on cancer control, September 20-24, 1926
—American College of Surgeons —Resignation after special courses—Study courses
for Hospital Corps ratings 137-160</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Laboratory Experiences with Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse S. Ruth Hassler, United States Navy 161</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Help from the Laboratory.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ruth B. Meutzer, United States Navy 164</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some Interesting Laboratory Work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Frances C. Bonner, United States Navy 166</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 169</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Reactions incidental to the administration of 91,707 doses of
neoarsphenamine and other arsenical compounds in the United States Navy—Food
poisoning on board U. S. S. "Concord" May 13, 1926—Food poisoning
following a barbecue —Food poisoning at marine barracks, navy yard,
Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1926 — Influenza in Guam —Efficacy of B. typhosus
vaccine in controlling typhoid fever in Guam 177</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Public Health Activities Against Tropical Diseases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Dr. Pedro N. Ortiz, commissioner of health, Porto Rico 208</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Scarlet fever attack rate among contacts, Detroit, Mich.—Health of the
Navy— Statistics 220</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE---------------- --------- ------- - ------------- ------ vii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS____________________________ viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES: .</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEDICINE IN TURKEY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. W. 0 . Bunker, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------------------------·------ 229</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COLOR-BLINDNESS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 253</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By G. B. Trible, M. D., F. A. C. S., former commander, medical Corps,
United States Navy________ 266</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY'S EXHIBIT, SESQUICENTENNIAL,
PHILADELPHIA, 1926.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 272</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MALARIA IN HAITI.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. O. S. Butler, and Lieut. E. Peterson, Medical Corps, United
States Navy_____________ 278</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AS APPLIED TO A YEAR'S DENTAL ACTIVITIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, United States
Navy________________ __________ 288</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RECURRENCE OF INGUINAL HERNIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander K. E. Lowman, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------------- 300</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Paul Richmond, Medical Corps, United States
Navy__________________ 304</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THEORIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INSULIN EFFECT ON CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) H. Phillips, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------- 309</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE WASSERMANN REACTION FOLLOWING THE USE OF BISMUTH IN THE TREATMENT
OF YAWS AND SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. D. Middlestadt, Medical Corps, United
States Navy _______________<span> </span>315.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TUBERCULOUS VETERANS' BUREAU PATIENT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Blackwood, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------------- 319</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">OCULAR ENUCLEATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, and Lieut. Commander B. P. Davis, Medical
Corps, United States Navy________________ 325</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF AN IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATED LOWER JAW OF 98 DAYS' DURATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. D. Willcutts, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------ 331</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander L. W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-------------------------------- 336</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIATHERMY IN SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 340</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. 'w. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------------------------------- 343</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE, FOREIGN PROTEIN, AND SUGAR IN ACUTE
GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS, WITH A STUDY OF THE BLOOD CELLULAR CHANGES DURING THE
REACTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F.
Cooper, Medical Corps, United States Navy _________ 352</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GLANDULAR FEVER WITH INGUINAL ADENOPATHY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. C. Yanquell, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ___________358</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A CASE OF ACQUIRED HYDROCEPHALUS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. O. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 361</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH WITH LARGE RETROPERITONEAL TUMOR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitmore, Medical Corps, United States Navy----------------
365</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HEXAMETHYLENAMINE IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Bruuschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ________369</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. O. P. Archambeault, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------------------372</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND. ·</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) P. H. Golberg, Medical Corps, United States
Navy __________374</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE --------------------------------------------<span> </span>375</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE PENSACOLA HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mary J. McCloud, United States Navy ______ 379</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN A HURRICANE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Reserve Nurse Luama A. MacFarland, United States Navy _ 382</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A HURRICANE THRILL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Ellen E. Wells and Nurse Mary Hennemeier, United States Navy
-------------------383</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Caroline W. Spofford, United States Navy _________ 385</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A new section of the BULLETIN-Change in character of –examinations for
promotion-Hospital Corps instruction-Duty at sea – Handling poisons-Laboratory
technicians-The Henry S. Wellcome medal and prize for 1927-Micro-Kahn
reactions-Streptococcus cardioarthritidis--Progress in dermatology-Mitral
regurgitation-<span> </span>Cutaneous leishmaniasis
and the phlebotomus-Medicinals and dyes-Rectal feeding-Epidemic
encephalitis-Catarrhal jaundice- Excoriation of the skin about intestinal
fistulae-Ethylene</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">anesthesia-Sodoku in the treatment of general paresis—Carbuncles of the
neck-Gye's theory of cancer-$100,000 offered for conquest of cancer-The Sofie
A. Nordoff-Jung cancer prize ____387</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES ------------------- 413</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TOTAL FUEL REQUIREMENT IN HEALTH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. R. Phelps, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 431</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BY Surg. J. P. Leake, United States Public Health Service______ 461</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A fatal case of food poisoning caused by fried oysters contaminated
with a paratyphoid B. bacillus-Outbreak of food poisoning in the wardroom mess
of the U. S. S. Richmond, caused by chicken</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">salad contaminated with B. enteritidis-------------------------- 475</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">R EPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF FISH POISONING ON BOARD THE U. S. S. “CALIFORNIA.''</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. J. L. Neilson, Medical Corps, United States Navy ------ 480</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN OUTBREAK OF FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY BOILED SMOKED TONGUE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. A. Fort, Medical Corps, United States Navy -------------------------------------
484</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of an outbreak of food poisoning caused by cheese-Outbreak of
food poisoning caused by corned-beef hash at the United States destroyer base,
San Diego, Calif. _______________ 486</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORT OF POISONING BY TRINITROTOLUENE AMONG ENLISTED MEN ENGAGED IN
TRANSFERRING T. N. T. FROM STORAGE TO U. S. S. "NITRO."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander T. A. Fortescue, Medical Corps, United States
Navy_______________________________________________ 491</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">An epidemic of jaundice in San Diego, Calif.-Health of the Navy___ 494</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE ---------------------------------------------------------- v</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS--------------------------- vi</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AVOIDABLE DROWNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. B. Miller, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________505</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">FLIES AND THEIR ERADICATION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander E. C. Carr, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------- 528</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPOT.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. D. C. Cather, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 542</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. B. Camerer, Medical Corps, United States
Navy---------------------------------- 562</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. E. C. White, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___ 567</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ROENTGEN RAY EXAMINATION IN SUSPECTED CHRONIC APPENDICITIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. P. Maher, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 573</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMPARISON OF THE KAHN AND KOLMER REACTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander P. Richmond, jr., Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------585</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF DISABILITY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander Lewis W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------------------- 588</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION, MARINE BARRACKS, QUANTICO, VA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. W. M. Garton, Medical Corps, United States Navy ___593</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. B. Larson, Medical Corps, United States Navy __597</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) R. A. Schneiders, Medical Corps, United States
Navy----------------------------605</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DEBT OF SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS TO THE X RAY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 614</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE TREATMENT OF CHANOROIDS AND OTHER LESIONS WITH AMMONIACAL</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SILVER NITRATE AND FORMALIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. G. White, Dental Corps, and Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Q.
Owsley, Medical Corps, United States Navy _____ 619</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUMMARY OF SEVENTY CASES OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION TREATED WITH
MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE TOGETHER WITH SUGAR AND FOREIGN PROTEIN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams and Lieut. W. D. Small, Medical
Corps, United States Navy------621</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Harold S. Hulbert, M. D. -------------------------------624</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE UNERUPTED AND IMPACTED CUSPID AND BICUSPID TEETH.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander M. W. Mangold, Dental Corps, United States
Navy----------------- ------------------ 625</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MIXED VENEREAL INFECTIONS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F. Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy-----------------------------626</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CAISSON DISEASE DURING HELMET DIVING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. M. Anderson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
--- ------------------------ 628</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ANTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY AND INTERNAL
JUGULAR VEIN: OPERATION WITH CONSERVATION OF THE ARTERY.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 630</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CREEPING ERUPTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. L. Shinn, Medical Corps, United States Navy
___________________632</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEATH BY LIGHTNING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. J. D. Benjamin, Medical Corps, United States Navy _634</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DEVICE FOR TRANSFERRING PATIENTS FROM SHIPS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Master Rigger Thomas Schofield _______________________ _ 635</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AN ECONOMICAL AND PRACTICAL UTENSIL STERILIZER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist Charles Peek, United States Navy ______ _637</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE NAVAL RESERVE-------------------------------------------- 639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Nell I. Disert, United States Navy ________ ___ _ 649</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETS AND THE NURSE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By J. Beatrice Bowman, Superintendent, Navy Nurse Corps __ 651</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS AT NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna F. Patten, United States Navy _______________ 655</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Comments on " Some observations on avoidable drowning
"-Hypertension- Unrecognized syphilitic myocarditis- Tuberculosis
hospitalization- Microbic dissociation-Bacteriological nomenclature - Carbon</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dioxide in hiccough-Diathermy in pneumonia-Answering examination
questions-Medical ethics-Alcoholic content of brain-Electric shock-Acid and
alkali burns-Antiseptics and the nasal flora of rabbits-Annam swelling- The
metric system-Eye test for hypersensitiveness to serum-Research on
pharmacological</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">problems- Syphilis not caused by vaccination-Line of duty ____ 661</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES--- - - --------- - - --- ------ - - - -------- ------
--------- 697</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Digest of the views of medical officers regarding venereal-disease
problems as recorded in various annual sanitary reports for 1926- Two deaths
following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine- Report</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">of outbreak of cereb1'ospinal fever at United States naval training
station, San Diego, Calif., December, 1926-January, 1927-Report of outbreak of
scarlet fever at United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va.-Fatal
poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen in the galvanizing shop at the navy yard,
Puget Sound, Wash.-Data useful in estimating the amount of food wasted by men
eating in hospital wards and in a general mess-Outbreak of food poisoning at
United States naval training station, Hampton Roads, Va., attributed to canned
Vienna sausages-Epidemic of influenza among natives of Samoa in August, 1926-
Health of the Navy --------------------------------------------</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE--------------------------------------- --------------- VII</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS----------------------------- viii</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CHINESE MILITARY MEDICINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. L. McClartney, Medical Corps (Vol. G),
United States Naval Reserve-------- 783</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL WOUNDS AND INJURIES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, United States Navy
---------------------------- 816</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">AVIATION HYGIENE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. G. Davis, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 832</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GOITER.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander C. E. Henry, M. D., F. A. C. P., Medical Corps (Vol. S),
United States Naval Reserve __ 837</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">COMMENTS CONCERNING THE DUTIES OF THE COMMANDING OFFICER OF A NAVAL
HOSPITAL.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 844</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE BUDGET AND THE BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Pharmacist B. E. Irwin, United States Navy_________ 851</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander R. L. Nattkemper, Medical Corps, United States Navy
------------------- 862</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SIPPY TREATMENT FOR PEPTIC ULCER IN NAVAL HOSPITALS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) A. E. Brunschwig, Medical Corps, United States
Navy ------ ------------------ 871</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander W. H. Whitemore and Lieut. (Junior Grade) O. A.
Smith, Medical Corps, United States Navy______ 875</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT WORK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander F. L. Young, Medical Corps (Vol. G), United States
Naval Reserve-------------- 879</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ENDARTERITIS, ACUTE, FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. P. F. Dickens, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 881</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS WITH METASTASIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. G. G. Herman, Medical Corps, United States Navy____ 883</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ABDOMINAL HODGKIN'S DISEASE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. D. C. Day, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--------------------- 886</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NEEDLE FOR ANESTHESIA OF THE MAXILLARY NERVE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) J. Connolly, Dental Corps, United States Navy
------- --- --- ----- 889</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">POISONING FROM SOAP-VINE.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) G. F . Cooper, Medical Corps, United States
Navy<span> </span>- - ------- ---------- 892</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE DIRECT DIAGNOSIS OF PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) C. G. Dyke, Medical Corps, United States
Navy--- -------- - --- --- -- 894</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">WHAT SHOULD THE DIAGNOSIS BE?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander C. A. Andrus, Medical Corps, United States Navy-----
---------------------- 896</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MULTIPLE SCROTAL FISTULAE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER WITH
STRICTURE OF URETHRA. OPERATION AND RESTORATION OF FUNCTION.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander L. H. Williams, Medical Corps, United States
Navy------ - - ----------------897</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander F. X. Koltes, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 898</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">APPENDIX ABSCESS V. PYONEPHROSIs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. F. Cottle, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 900</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MERCUROCHROME IN A CASE WITHOUT DIAGNOSIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. (Junior Grade) B. W. Harris, Medical Corps, United States Navy--------------------------903</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">GREASE RACK FOR AUTOMOBILES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, United States Navy ____ 908</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NAVAL RESERVE:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital units- Recent appointments _____________________________ 909</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">THE LECTURES ON ACCOUNTING FROM A NURSE'S POINT OF VIEW.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Chief Nurse Mabel T. Cooper, United States Navy _________ 913</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ADDRESS TO THE CLASS OF 1926 HAITIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL TRAINING SCHOOL
FOR NURSES.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Capt. C. St. J. Butler, Medical Corps, United States Navy __ 918</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A NAVY NURSE IN THE NEAR EAST.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Mabell S. C. Smith--------------------------- 920</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Anna P. Smith, United States Navy ________________ 921</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIETETICS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Nurse Mary J. Miney, United States Navy ________________ 923</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Correction-Report on treatment of Chinese wounded-Skin tests in asthma-
Treponematosis-The physiological effects of tropical climate-History of medical
practice in the State of Illinois-Mercurochrome- Water
supplies-Seasickness-Cholera in Shanghai in 1926--Fracture of the
skull-Senescence and senility-Bismuth in the treatment of syphilis-Pressure
method of vaccination - Ventilators- Neurosyphilis-Tennis leg-Tea in treatment
of burns-European influenza epidemic at end-Visit of the Relief to Washington-Aviation
instruction for Hospital Corpsmen_ ______ 927</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES----------------------- ------------------------------ 959</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A STUDY OF TWO THOUSAND HEALTH RECORDS CONTAINING ENTRIES FOR SYPHILIS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieut. Commander H. H. Montgomery, Medical Corps, United States Navy-------------------------------973</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">MEASURES OF OUTSTANDING IMPORTANCE IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
MALARIA.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander M.A. Stuart, Medical Corps, United States Navy_ 996</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Outbreak of infectious diarrhea in the Battle Fleet, April, 1927, not
investigated at the time of occurrence----An epidemic of malaria at the United
States Naval Station, Olongapo, P. I.- Two deaths from rabies contracted by
playing with a dog which was incubating the disease, in Hankow, China-Frequency
of rabies-An outbreak of mumps among midshipmen at the United States Naval
Academy-Health of the Navy_________ 1010</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO SUBJECTS ----------------------------------------- 1035</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX TO AUTHORS-------- ------------------------------------- 1047</p>
<br /><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span>
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On the upper slopes of a secluded valley in North Pembrokeshire in West Wales an unusual experiment is taking place, apparently a major cosmetic company is funding research into plant pigmentation with the aim of developing animal free colourants for use in the makeup industry. Moss was chosen due to it's dense make up and the ease at which the pigments can be extracted. I was very fortunate to get these shots as this is a very closely guarded site. It did help that a friend of mine is one of the security staff looking after the site though.