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All Saints, Barrow, Suffolk
I recently revisited Barrow after half a dozen years. I wrote the following after two visits in quick succession in 2002 and 2003. I'm going to do a new entry for the Suffolk Churches site, and so this one will be necessarily retired. I offer it to you for the last time now.
Barrow: A Fantasy in Two Parts
Part I: The League of Gentlemen
It was late summer, 2002: I had never been to Barrow before. I had not expected it to be so big. It seemed a very pleasant place, a proper village, with a mix of old and new housing. It had a couple of shops, a decent pub, one of those funny little Baptist chapels, a village green, several ponds right beside the busy road - I have not seen so many squashed ducks before, which was mildly diverting.
But no church, apparently. I didn't have my OS map with me, so I asked a man who was tending his garden by the crossroads. "Well now", he said, standing upright slowly and scratching his head, "there's a church over Denham way, about a mile up the road over there. Or there's the chapel, if that's the one you want." I thanked him, and picked my way through the squashed ducks, thinking it curious that someone in a Suffolk village should not know where their village church was. Perhaps he was a Londoner, working on his holiday home. A sign outside the Baptist chapel said Strict Communion, which brought to mind a Minister in leather holding a whip. Just beyond it, a group of boys were fishing for tiddlers in the pond, so I asked them where All Saints was. Unfortunately, this resulted in an argument; one said that it was further up the high street, another claimed vigorously that there were no churches around here, and I left hurriedly, before one of them pushed the other in the water.
It took the nice Asian lady in the village shop to put me right, and she sold me a fine pie into the bargain. I followed her directions up the road towards Cavenham, passing the Hall, and, a great curiosity, half a Volkswagen sitting on the verge. It was the front half. I mused on it for a moment, wondering if this was St Edmundsbury Borough Council's idea of public installation art, or if someone was working on it, or if there had been a particularly nasty but very clean accident. I could now see the church tower in the distance, and hurried on, only to find about a hundred yards further down the road another half of a Volkswagen. And, get this, it was another front half. Not sure if this strengthened the case for installation art or accidents, it was with some relief that I reached All Saints, at a very tight bend in the road (ah, that explains the Volkswagens!).
The graveyard here is huge, and pretty well full of three centuries of gravestones. It must be a fascinating place to potter about. I did a quick circumnavigation of the church, which has obviously been given a thorough going over by the Victorians. It was hard to tell what was medieval and what was renewed, although it is all done well, and looking fine.
The door was locked. To be honest, I hadn't expected this; I had spent the day meandering around the area between Bury and Newmarket, and this was the first locked church I'd found all day. There was a sign giving keyholders' details, but it was pretty useless, being of the Thatched Cottage, Barrow, variety. It gave telephone numbers, but it didn't give the area code. I come across this again and again in porches - anyone phoning a keyholder from a church is, by definition, going to be using a mobile phone. You can't call a number from a mobile phone without an area code, but these notices rarely, if ever, give the code. I had no idea what the area code for Barrow was, and none of the other notices in the porch seemed prepared to reveal it.
Miserably, I wandered around to the north side, and found a modern building that might just have been the Rectory. There wasn't a sign saying so, but it had all the hallmarks of clerical occupancy - two small cars, an untidy front garden, jam jars in the porch, a view of bookshelves and a computer through the window. A television was playing, very loudly. I pressed on the doorbell, and waited. And waited. I pressed again, but nobody came. I wandered slowly back to the road, still expecting the door to open, and someone in a dog-collar to greet me.
But they didn't. I stood on the verge, wondering what to do next. An old lady cycled along the road towards me. She had two baskets, front and back. Small, noisy dogs sat in both. She smiled at me, a big beaming smile - 'Hello dear!', she called. As she passed me, and headed on up the road towards Cavenham, she waved, and I swear she took both hands off of the handlebars. She must have been about seventy.
I had a sudden panic that I had somehow stumbled on to the set of an episode of The League of Gentlemen. I got on my bike, and headed in the opposite direction as fast as I could, until Barrow was several miles behind me. Obviously, I'm never going back.
Part II: Very Graham Norton
I went back to Barrow in the early summer of 2003. I went to the aid of a distressed clergyman. His name was Father Peter MacLeod-Miller. He had been horrified to discover that I thought there was something rotten in the state of Barrow. I must come again, and I must come now. Well, trivialities conspired against me shooting straight over (a full-time job, a family, the lassitude that accompanies mid-life crisis, general fear of the unknown, etc) but within a few weeks I rolled up outside All Saints again. It was 9am on a Saturday morning, but already energetic parishioners were out and about giving the graveyard its first cut of the year after the late Spring flowers had seeded.
My eyes were on the glory of the church door - it was open. As we walked up to it, we were approached quickly in turn by Father Peter MacLeod-Miller himself. I flinched, but he didn't punch me. Instead, he shook our hands energetically, and turned out to be really, really pleasant. This was a plus point for Barrow - a jolly minister. Some are, and some aren't; you tend to remember the ones who aren't. But Father Peter MacLeod-Miller is something else you don't find every day in a Church of England minister - he is energetic. And even rarer than that, he's Australian. This struck me as a very affable combination.
He led us into the church, and proudly showed us around. I can tell you that Barrow church is very nice inside. It is obviously much loved, and well-cared for. I expect you think I'm going to say that it is completely normal, not odd at all, not the least bit Royston Veasyish. Well, you are wrong. There are several ways in which it is most unusual.
Firstly, there's the smell. Not damp, not wood polish, not even flowers, but the smell of incense. Incense is simply not something you find in rural Anglican churches in Suffolk. Outside of the four big towns, there is probably only Mendlesham where you encounter it. Mind you, they use enough at Mendlesham to make up for the rest.
No; in my experience, rural Suffolk protestants are allergic to incense. If you want to empty your church pretty swiftly, use it. Father Peter MacLeod-Miller has started burning it here, and at Risby and Great Saxham. And here's the thing - the congregations are actually growing. There is obviously something unusual and special going on here. And I think I know what it is. I'll tell you in a moment.
Another thing odd about Barrow is that there are still people in the parish important enough to have seats reserved for them. I loved that. There's Lady this, and Sir that, but there's also a health food millionaire who hands out samples of Emu oil after services.
Anything else odd? There's a most unusual tryptich on the altar in the south aisle. It shows St Michael contending with a dragon. The style is - how can I put this? - a prog-rock album from the mid-1970s. I was surprised to learn that it is rather more recent than this.
I suppose you want to know what else is in the church. Well, there's the font with its painted shields ; you can see something similar a few miles away at Horringer. Here, the shields show both ecclesiastical and secular powers, ranging from the Diocese of Ely to the State of France. It was repainted in the 1960s, according to Mortlock. The odd one out is to the local Despencer family.
In a lancet in the north wall are two curious shapes of medieval painted figures. Obviously, they were exposed by the Victorians, and the white plaster had been regularly renewed up to their outline. Unfortunately, the exposed figures have now faded completely; only their ghosts in the plaster show us where they once were.
Up in the chancel, there is a lively painted memorial to Clement Heigham, a rather more sober one to his wife who predeceased him, and one from a century earlier in the sanctuary to one of his forebears. There are some brasses, some of which are replicas of ones now in the British Museum.
The benches are mostly modern, except for a couple of very rustic ones in the south aisle and some bench ends up in the chancel. Father Peter MacLeod-Miller wants to clear the modern ones and replace them with chairs, so that he can have processions. I am sure they will prove very popular.
Barrow was the parish where the last wolf in England was killed. How do I know this? Father Peter MacLeod-Miller told me so.
So, what is the magic ingredient that is causing this parish to thrive against all apparent odds? I think it is Father Peter MacLeod-Miller himself. He strides energetically about his church, waving his arms. His long flowing hair is tied back with a large black ribbon. His flamboyance reminds me very much of the actor Graham Norton. I don't dare tell him so, of course.
Let's finish with something else unusual. Father Peter MacLeod-Miller is lucky enough to have a sibling at the Royal Opera House. Because of this, he has a number of stars on tap for fund-raising events. A recent musical evening at the Rectory, Opera to Broadway, included the percussionist Evelyn Glennie. But, because the Rectory isn't very big, they hold the events out of doors, and he keeps his piano on the lawn.
I doubt very much that anyone at Diocesan House reads my site (other than the lawyers, of course) but a memo to them just in case they do; I think you've found a winning formula. Let's have a Father Peter MacLeod-Miller in every moribund rural Anglican parish!
2011 postscript: Since I originally wrote this in 2003, Father Peter MacLeod-Miller has moved on to pastures new. Barrow church still seems to be very well-kept and much-loved, and this time I found it open.
. . . 2. 3. 2007 - this is the first day of a funeral ceremony in Bori for a High Class Woman. She died on 18. 1. 2007 at the age of 85 years. The ceremony will last for one week. Today we will see the showing of the water buffalos, pigs, cow, horse, deer and chicken. All these animals are offered to be the servants of the died woman in her new life after death in Puya. We will see buffalo fighting. Men bet for the winner of those fightings. Two buffalos fight each other - the one running away lost the fight!
If you wonder why the quality of the pictures is a little less: these are no photographs - it all are snapshots of my videos! So sorry for the less resolution, but I think, they are worth to be shown.
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The Toraja are an ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Their population is approximately 1,100,000, of whom 450,000 live in the regency of Tana Toraja ("Land of Toraja"). Most of the population is Christian, and others are Muslim or have local animist beliefs known as aluk ("the way"). The Indonesian government has recognized this animist belief as Aluk To Dolo ("Way of the Ancestors").
The word toraja comes from the Bugis Buginese language term to riaja, meaning "people of the uplands". The Dutch colonial government named the people Toraja in 1909. Torajans are renowned for their elaborate funeral rites, burial sites carved into rocky cliffs, massive peaked-roof traditional houses known as tongkonan, and colorful wood carvings. Toraja funeral rites are important social events, usually attended by hundreds of people and lasting for several days.
Before the 20th century, Torajans lived in autonomous villages, where they practised animism and were relatively untouched by the outside world. In the early 1900s, Dutch missionaries first worked to convert Torajan highlanders to Christianity. When the Tana Toraja regency was further opened to the outside world in the 1970s, it became an icon of tourism in Indonesia: it was exploited by tourism developers and studied by anthropologists. By the 1990s, when tourism peaked, Toraja society had changed significantly, from an agrarian model - in which social life and customs were outgrowths of the Aluk To Dolo - to a largely Christian society. Today, tourism and remittances from migrant Torajans have made for major changes in the Toraja highland, giving the Toraja a celebrity status within Indonesia and enhancing Toraja ethnic group pride.
ETHNIC IDENTITY
The Torajan people had little notion of themselves as a distinct ethnic group before the 20th century. Before Dutch colonization and Christianization, Torajans, who lived in highland areas, identified with their villages and did not share a broad sense of identity. Although complexes of rituals created linkages between highland villages, there were variations in dialects, differences in social hierarchies, and an array of ritual practices in the Sulawesi highland region. "Toraja" (from the coastal languages' to, meaning people; and riaja, uplands) was first used as a lowlander expression for highlanders. As a result, "Toraja" initially had more currency with outsiders - such as the Bugis and Makassarese, who constitute a majority of the lowland of Sulawesi - than with insiders. The Dutch missionaries' presence in the highlands gave rise to the Toraja ethnic consciousness in the Sa'dan Toraja region, and this shared identity grew with the rise of tourism in the Tana Toraja Regency. Since then, South Sulawesi has four main ethnic groups - the Bugis (the majority, including shipbuilders and seafarers), the Makassarese (lowland traders and seafarers), the Mandarese (traders and fishermen), and the Toraja (highland rice cultivators).
HISTORY
From the 17th century, the Dutch established trade and political control on Sulawesi through the Dutch East Indies Company. Over two centuries, they ignored the mountainous area in the central Sulawesi, where Torajans lived, because access was difficult and it had little productive agricultural land. In the late 19th century, the Dutch became increasingly concerned about the spread of Islam in the south of Sulawesi, especially among the Makassarese and Bugis peoples. The Dutch saw the animist highlanders as potential Christians. In the 1920s, the Reformed Missionary Alliance of the Dutch Reformed Church began missionary work aided by the Dutch colonial government. In addition to introducing Christianity, the Dutch abolished slavery and imposed local taxes. A line was drawn around the Sa'dan area and called Tana Toraja ("the land of Toraja"). Tana Toraja was first a subdivision of the Luwu kingdom that had claimed the area. In 1946, the Dutch granted Tana Toraja a regentschap, and it was recognized in 1957 as one of the regencies of Indonesia.
Early Dutch missionaries faced strong opposition among Torajans, especially among the elite, because the abolition of their profitable slave trade had angered them. Some Torajans were forcibly relocated to the lowlands by the Dutch, where they could be more easily controlled. Taxes were kept high, undermining the wealth of the elites. Ultimately, the Dutch influence did not subdue Torajan culture, and only a few Torajans were converted. In 1950, only 10% of the population had converted to Christianity.
In the 1930s, Muslim lowlanders attacked the Torajans, resulting in widespread Christian conversion among those who sought to align themselves with the Dutch for political protection and to form a movement against the Bugis and Makassarese Muslims. Between 1951 and 1965 (following Indonesian independence), southern Sulawesi faced a turbulent period as the Darul Islam separatist movement fought for an Islamic state in Sulawesi. The 15 years of guerrilla warfare led to massive conversions to
CHRISTIANITY
Alignment with the Indonesian government, however, did not guarantee safety for the Torajans. In 1965, a presidential decree required every Indonesian citizen to belong to one of five officially recognized religions: Islam, Christianity (Protestantism and Catholicism), Hinduism, or Buddhism. The Torajan religious belief (aluk) was not legally recognized, and the Torajans raised their voices against the law. To make aluk accord with the law, it had to be accepted as part of one of the official religions. In 1969, Aluk To Dolo ("the way of ancestors") was legalized as a sect of Agama Hindu Dharma, the official name of Hinduism in Indonesia.
SOCIETY
There are three main types of affiliation in Toraja society: family, class and religion.
FAMILY AFFILIATION
Family is the primary social and political grouping in Torajan society. Each village is one extended family, the seat of which is the tongkonan, a traditional Torajan house. Each tongkonan has a name, which becomes the name of the village. The familial dons maintain village unity. Marriage between distant cousins (fourth cousins and beyond) is a common practice that strengthens kinship. Toraja society prohibits marriage between close cousins (up to and including the third cousin) - except for nobles, to prevent the dispersal of property. Kinship is actively reciprocal, meaning that the extended family helps each other farm, share buffalo rituals, and pay off debts.
Each person belongs to both the mother's and the father's families, the only bilateral family line in Indonesia. Children, therefore, inherit household affiliation from both mother and father, including land and even family debts. Children's names are given on the basis of kinship, and are usually chosen after dead relatives. Names of aunts, uncles and cousins are commonly referred to in the names of mothers, fathers and siblings.
Before the start of the formal administration of Toraja villages by the Tana Toraja Regency, each Toraja village was autonomous. In a more complex situation, in which one Toraja family could not handle their problems alone, several villages formed a group; sometimes, villages would unite against other villages. Relationship between families was expressed through blood, marriage, and shared ancestral houses (tongkonan), practically signed by the exchange of water buffalo and pigs on ritual occasions. Such exchanges not only built political and cultural ties between families but defined each person's place in a social hierarchy: who poured palm wine, who wrapped a corpse and prepared offerings, where each person could or could not sit, what dishes should be used or avoided, and even what piece of meat constituted one's share.
CLASS AFFILIATION
In early Toraja society, family relationships were tied closely to social class. There were three strata: nobles, commoners, and slaves (slavery was abolished in 1909 by the Dutch East Indies government). Class was inherited through the mother. It was taboo, therefore, to marry "down" with a woman of lower class. On the other hand, marrying a woman of higher class could improve the status of the next generation. The nobility's condescending attitude toward the commoners is still maintained today for reasons of family prestige.
Nobles, who were believed to be direct descendants of the descended person from heaven, lived in tongkonans, while commoners lived in less lavish houses (bamboo shacks called banua). Slaves lived in small huts, which had to be built around their owner's tongkonan. Commoners might marry anyone, but nobles preferred to marry in-family to maintain their status. Sometimes nobles married Bugis or Makassarese nobles. Commoners and slaves were prohibited from having death feasts. Despite close kinship and status inheritance, there was some social mobility, as marriage or change in wealth could affect an individuals status. Wealth was counted by the ownership of water buffaloes.
Slaves in Toraja society were family property. Sometimes Torajans decided to become slaves when they incurred a debt, pledging to work as payment. Slaves could be taken during wars, and slave trading was common. Slaves could buy their freedom, but their children still inherited slave status. Slaves were prohibited from wearing bronze or gold, carving their houses, eating from the same dishes as their owners, or having sex with free women - a crime punishable by death.
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION
Toraja's indigenous belief system is polytheistic animism, called aluk, or "the way" (sometimes translated as "the law"). In the Toraja myth, the ancestors of Torajan people came down from heaven using stairs, which were then used by the Torajans as a communication medium with Puang Matua, the Creator. The cosmos, according to aluk, is divided into the upper world (heaven), the world of man (earth), and the underworld. At first, heaven and earth were married, then there was a darkness, a separation, and finally the light. Animals live in the underworld, which is represented by rectangular space enclosed by pillars, the earth is for mankind, and the heaven world is located above, covered with a saddle-shaped roof. Other Toraja gods include Pong Banggai di Rante (god of Earth), Indo' Ongon-Ongon (a goddess who can cause earthquakes), Pong Lalondong (god of death), and Indo' Belo Tumbang (goddess of medicine); there are many more.
The earthly authority, whose words and actions should be cleaved to both in life (agriculture) and death (funerals), is called to minaa (an aluk priest). Aluk is not just a belief system; it is a combination of law, religion, and habit. Aluk governs social life, agricultural practices, and ancestral rituals. The details of aluk may vary from one village to another. One common law is the requirement that death and life rituals be separated. Torajans believe that performing death rituals might ruin their corpses if combined with life rituals. The two rituals are equally important. During the time of the Dutch missionaries, Christian Torajans were prohibited from attending or performing life rituals, but were allowed to perform death rituals. Consequently, Toraja's death rituals are still practised today, while life rituals have diminished.
CULTURE
TONGKONAN
Tongkonan are the traditional Torajan ancestral houses. They stand high on wooden piles, topped with a layered split-bamboo roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc, and they are incised with red, black, and yellow detailed wood carvings on the exterior walls. The word "tongkonan" comes from the Torajan tongkon ("to sit").
Tongkonan are the center of Torajan social life. The rituals associated with the tongkonan are important expressions of Torajan spiritual life, and therefore all family members are impelled to participate, because symbolically the tongkonan represents links to their ancestors and to living and future kin. According to Torajan myth, the first tongkonan was built in heaven on four poles, with a roof made of Indian cloth. When the first Torajan ancestor descended to earth, he imitated the house and held a large ceremony.
The construction of a tongkonan is laborious work and is usually done with the help of the extended family. There are three types of tongkonan. The tongkonan layuk is the house of the highest authority, used as the "center of government". The tongkonan pekamberan belongs to the family members who have some authority in local traditions. Ordinary family members reside in the tongkonan batu. The exclusivity to the nobility of the tongkonan is diminishing as many Torajan commoners find lucrative employment in other parts of Indonesia. As they send back money to their families, they enable the construction of larger tongkonan.
WOOD CARVINGS
To express social and religious concepts, Torajans carve wood, calling it Pa'ssura (or "the writing"). Wood carvings are therefore Toraja's cultural manifestation.
Each carving receives a special name, and common motifs are animals and plants that symbolize some virtue. For example, water plants and animals, such as crabs, tadpoles and water weeds, are commonly found to symbolize fertility. In some areas noble elders claim these symbols refer to strength of noble family, but not everyone agrees. The overall meaning of groups of carved motifs on houses remains debated and tourism has further complicated these debates because some feel a uniform explanation must be presented to tourists. The image to the left shows an example of Torajan wood carving, consisting of 15 square panels. The center bottom panel represents buffalo or wealth, a wish for many buffaloes for the family. The center panel represents a knot and a box, a hope that all of the family's offspring will be happy and live in harmony, like goods kept safe in a box. The top left and top right squares represent an aquatic animal, indicating the need for fast and hard work, just like moving on the surface of water. It also represents the need for a certain skill to produce good results.
Regularity and order are common features in Toraja wood carving (see table below), as well as abstracts and geometrical designs. Nature is frequently used as the basis of Toraja's ornaments, because nature is full of abstractions and geometries with regularities and ordering. Toraja's ornaments have been studied in ethnomathematics to reveal their mathematical structure, but Torajans base this art only on approximations. To create an ornament, bamboo sticks are used as a geometrical tool.
FUNERAL RITES
In Toraja society, the funeral ritual is the most elaborate and expensive event. The richer and more powerful the individual, the more expensive is the funeral. In the aluk religion, only nobles have the right to have an extensive death feast. The death feast of a nobleman is usually attended by thousands and lasts for several days. A ceremonial site, called rante, is usually prepared in a large, grassy field where shelters for audiences, rice barns, and other ceremonial funeral structures are specially made by the deceased family. Flute music, funeral chants, songs and poems, and crying and wailing are traditional Toraja expressions of grief with the exceptions of funerals for young children, and poor, low-status adults.
The ceremony is often held weeks, months, or years after the death so that the deceased's family can raise the significant funds needed to cover funeral expenses. Torajans traditionally believe that death is not a sudden, abrupt event, but a gradual process toward Puya (the land of souls, or afterlife). During the waiting period, the body of the deceased is wrapped in several layers of cloth and kept under the tongkonan. The soul of the deceased is thought to linger around the village until the funeral ceremony is completed, after which it begins its journey to Puya.
Another component of the ritual is the slaughter of water buffalo. The more powerful the person who died, the more buffalo are slaughtered at the death feast. Buffalo carcasses, including their heads, are usually lined up on a field waiting for their owner, who is in the "sleeping stage". Torajans believe that the deceased will need the buffalo to make the journey and that they will be quicker to arrive at Puya if they have many buffalo. Slaughtering tens of water buffalo and hundreds of pigs using a machete is the climax of the elaborate death feast, with dancing and music and young boys who catch spurting blood in long bamboo tubes. Some of the slaughtered animals are given by guests as "gifts", which are carefully noted because they will be considered debts of the deceased's family. However, a cockfight, known as bulangan londong, is an integral part of the ceremony. As with the sacrifice of the buffalo and the pigs, the cockfight is considered sacred because it involves the spilling of blood on the earth. In particular, the tradition requires the sacrifice of at least three chickens. However, it is common for at least 25 pairs of chickens to be set against each other in the context of the ceremony.
There are three methods of burial: the coffin may be laid in a cave or in a carved stone grave, or hung on a cliff. It contains any possessions that the deceased will need in the afterlife. The wealthy are often buried in a stone grave carved out of a rocky cliff. The grave is usually expensive and takes a few months to complete. In some areas, a stone cave may be found that is large enough to accommodate a whole family. A wood-carved effigy, called Tau tau, is usually placed in the cave looking out over the land. The coffin of a baby or child may be hung from ropes on a cliff face or from a tree. This hanging grave usually lasts for years, until the ropes rot and the coffin falls to the ground.
In the ritual called Ma'Nene, that takes place each year in August, the bodies of the deceased are exhumed to be washed, groomed and dressed in new clothes. The mummies are then walked around the village.
DANCE AND MUSIC
Torajans perform dances on several occasions, most often during their elaborate funeral ceremonies. They dance to express their grief, and to honour and even cheer the deceased person because he is going to have a long journey in the afterlife. First, a group of men form a circle and sing a monotonous chant throughout the night to honour the deceased (a ritual called Ma'badong). This is considered by many Torajans to be the most important component of the funeral ceremony. On the second funeral day, the Ma'randing warrior dance is performed to praise the courage of the deceased during life. Several men perform the dance with a sword, a large shield made from buffalo skin, a helmet with a buffalo horn, and other ornamentation. The Ma'randing dance precedes a procession in which the deceased is carried from a rice barn to the rante, the site of the funeral ceremony. During the funeral, elder women perform the Ma'katia dance while singing a poetic song and wearing a long feathered costume. The Ma'akatia dance is performed to remind the audience of the generosity and loyalty of the deceased person. After the bloody ceremony of buffalo and pig slaughter, a group of boys and girls clap their hands while performing a cheerful dance called Ma'dondan.
As in other agricultural societies, Torajans dance and sing during harvest time. The Ma'bugi dance celebrates the thanksgiving event, and the Ma'gandangi dance is performed while Torajans are pounding rice. There are several war dances, such as the Manimbong dance performed by men, followed by the Ma'dandan dance performed by women. The aluk religion governs when and how Torajans dance. A dance called Ma'bua can be performed only once every 12 years. Ma'bua is a major Toraja ceremony in which priests wear a buffalo head and dance around a sacred tree.
A traditional musical instrument of the Toraja is a bamboo flute called a Pa'suling (suling is an Indonesian word for flute). This six-holed flute (not unique to the Toraja) is played at many dances, such as the thanksgiving dance Ma'bondensan, where the flute accompanies a group of shirtless, dancing men with long fingernails. The Toraja have indigenous musical instruments, such as the Pa'pelle (made from palm leaves) and the Pa'karombi (the Torajan version of a jaw harp). The Pa'pelle is played during harvest time and at house inauguration ceremonies.
LANGUAGE
The ethnic Toraja language is dominant in Tana Toraja with the main language as the Sa'dan Toraja. Although the national Indonesian language is the official language and is spoken in the community, all elementary schools in Tana Toraja teach Toraja language.Language varieties of Toraja, including Kalumpang, Mamasa, Tae' , Talondo' , Toala' , and Toraja-Sa'dan, belong to the Malayo-Polynesian language from the Austronesian family. At the outset, the isolated geographical nature of Tana Toraja formed many dialects between the Toraja languages themselves. After the formal administration of Tana Toraja, some Toraja dialects have been influenced by other languages through the transmigration program, introduced since the colonialism period, and it has been a major factor in the linguistic variety of Toraja languages. A prominent attribute of Toraja language is the notion of grief. The importance of death ceremony in Toraja culture has characterized their languages to express intricate degrees of grief and mourning. The Toraja language contains many terms referring to sadness, longing, depression, and mental pain. Giving a clear expression of the psychological and physical effect of loss is a catharsis and sometimes lessens the pain of grief itself.
ECONOMY
Prior to Suharto's "New Order" administration, the Torajan economy was based on agriculture, with cultivated wet rice in terraced fields on mountain slopes, and supplemental cassava and maize crops. Much time and energy were devoted to raising water buffalo, pigs, and chickens, primarily for ceremonial sacrifices and consumption. Coffee was the first significant cash crop produced in Toraja, and was introduced in the mid 19th century, changing the local economy towards commodity production for external markets and gaining an excellent reputation for quality in the international market .
With the commencement of the New Order in 1965, Indonesia's economy developed and opened to foreign investment. In Toraja, a coffee plantation and factory was established by Key Coffee of Japan, and Torajan coffee regained a reputation for quality within the growing international specialty coffee sector Multinational oil and mining companies opened new operations in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s. Torajans, particularly younger ones, relocated to work for the foreign companies - to Kalimantan for timber and oil, to Papua for mining, to the cities of Sulawesi and Java, and many went to Malaysia. The out-migration of Torajans was steady until 1985. and has continued since, with remittances sent back by emigre Torajans performing an important role within the contemporary economy.
Tourism commenced in Toraja in the 1970s, and accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s. Between 1984 and 1997, a significant number of Torajans obtained their incomes from tourism, working in and owning hotels, as tour guides, drivers, or selling souvenirs. With the rise of political and economic instability in Indonesia in the late 1990s - including religious conflicts elsewhere on Sulawesi - tourism in Tana Toraja has declined dramatically. Toraja continues to be a well known origin for Indonesian coffee, grown by both smallholders and plantation estates, although migration, remittances and off-farm income is considered far more important to most households, even those in rural areas.
TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE
Before the 1970s, Toraja was almost unknown to Western tourism. In 1971, about 50 Europeans visited Tana Toraja. In 1972, at least 400 visitors attended the funeral ritual of Puang of Sangalla, the highest-ranking nobleman in Tana Toraja and the so-called "last pure-blooded Toraja noble." The event was documented by National Geographic and broadcast in several European countries. In 1976, about 12,000 tourists visited the regency and in 1981, Torajan sculpture was exhibited in major North American museums. "The land of the heavenly kings of Tana Toraja", as written in the exhibition brochure, embraced the outside world.
In 1984, the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism declared Tana Toraja Regency the prima donna of South Sulawesi. Tana Toraja was heralded as "the second stop after Bali". Tourism was increasing dramatically: by 1985, a total number of 150,000 foreigners had visited the Regency (in addition to 80,000 domestic tourists), and the annual number of foreign visitors was recorded at 40,000 in 1989. Souvenir stands appeared in Rantepao, the cultural center of Toraja, roads were sealed at the most-visited tourist sites, new hotels and tourist-oriented restaurants were opened, and an airstrip was opened in the Regency in 1981.
Tourism developers have marketed Tana Toraja as an exotic adventure - an area rich in culture and off the beaten track. Western tourists expected to see stone-age villages and pagan funerals. Toraja is for tourists who have gone as far as Bali and are willing to see more of the wild, "untouched" islands. However, they were more likely to see a Torajan wearing a hat and denim, living in a Christian society. Tourists felt that the tongkonan and other Torajan rituals had been preconceived to make profits, and complained that the destination was too commercialized. This has resulted in several clashes between Torajans and tourism developers, whom Torajans see as outsiders.
A clash between local Torajan leaders and the South Sulawesi provincial government (as a tourist developer) broke out in 1985. The government designated 18 Toraja villages and burial sites as traditional tourist attractions. Consequently, zoning restrictions were applied to these areas, such that Torajans themselves were barred from changing their tongkonans and burial sites. The plan was opposed by some Torajan leaders, as they felt that their rituals and traditions were being determined by outsiders. As a result, in 1987, the Torajan village of Kété Kesú and several other designated tourist attractions closed their doors to tourists. This closure lasted only a few days, as the villagers found it too difficult to survive without the income from selling souvenirs.
Tourism has also transformed Toraja society. Originally, there was a ritual which allowed commoners to marry nobles (puang) and thereby gain nobility for their children. However, the image of Torajan society created for the tourists, often by "lower-ranking" guides, has eroded its traditional strict hierarchy. High status is not as esteemed in Tana Toraja as it once was. Many low-ranking men can declare themselves and their children nobles by gaining enough wealth through work outside the region and then marrying a noble woman.
WIKIPEDIA
ENAI SWIM offers swimming and survival skills lessons for babies and young children with real results in as little as 4 weeks. Lessonsn offered in Thibodaux and Houma, Louisiana.
ENAI ofrece clases de natacion y sobrevivencia en el agua a bebes y niños con resultados reales en tan poco como 4 semanas. Las clases las damos en Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
DXO offered some of us tenured customers a free permanent version of Filmpak 3 as part of their opening publicity for Filmpak 4. This program’s purpose is to take a digital picture and give it the same look that different films would have produced, had it been on those films. Although the freebie was more limited in film choices than their #4, it still gave a lot of the old favorites.
For space reasons, I reduced a snapshot taken with an EOS-M by 50%, then applied some of the various filters. Even jpegged, the file is pretty big. To see which films are represented and to get a good look at things like grain and the lines in Polachrome, you will need to see “all size” button, then open up as “original.” You can move the large view around on your screen and see the different color shades of the different iterations.
Filtrepreneur Franchise Inc.
-27th People's Choice Award-
"2009 Most Outstanding Franchising Company"
Our Company Offers:
Food Cart Franchise for Only P26,888!!! No Gimmicks No Hidden charges! All in!!! take note: No Royalty and Renewal Fee!!
We Have 13 Ideal Concept Franchises to choose from:
• * Ice Scramble ⇒ Ice Scramble
• * Pinoy Pao ⇒ Siopao (tiny, regular and jumbo) and siomai (pork, shrimp and sharksfin)
• * Jacks Eatabols ⇒ fishball, squidball, kikiam, chicken ball
• * Pizza Pinoy ⇒ ham & cheese, hawaiian, pepperoni, langonisa, carne norte, tuna anghang, pizza pinoy espesyal, pizza sandwich
• * Happy Waffle ⇒ waffles
• * Burgeroo ⇒ Buy 1 Take 1 burgers!
• * Red Bowl ⇒ ( RICE TOPPINGS ) java rice w/ egg & mixed veg. w/ a choice of toppings from siomai, corned beef, tocino, sweet ham, beef teriyaki (best seller), beef & mushroom etc!!
• * O' Noodles ⇒ Stir Fried Noodles w/ a choice of Pork Siomai, Dumplings and Beef Balls for toppings w/ Toyomansi, Teriyaki and Chili Garlic oil for its sauce!!
• * Emperor Siomai ⇒ Pork, Sharksfin & Shrimp Siomai, Quail Egg Siomai, Ham Siomai, Pork Mushroom Siomai, Kani Crab Siomai, Chili Crab Siomai, Hotdog Siomai, Longanisa Siomai & Corned Beef Siomai.
• * Sisig Stop ⇒ Pork and Chicken Sisig, Rice Sisig
• * Put Pot ⇒ Puto Pao
• * Joshawarma ⇒ Pinoy style shawarma with Joshua Zamora (endorser)
• * Siomai Jopay ⇒ Siomai with Jopay of Sexbomb (endorser)
OUR PACKAGES:
∗*Silver Food Cart Package*
26,888 All in and ready to operate!!
This Package Includes:
* -Cart of your own choice semi stainless (collapsible 3’x2’x6’)
* -Cooking Equipment
* -Materials
* -Crew Uniform (T-shirt and Apron)
* -Up to P400 worth of Food Sampler
* -Training of Service crew
* -Product Updates and Price List
* -Business Registration Seminar
* -Franchise Seminar
Business Assistance Program:
*Trade Name and Product Partnership
*Marketing and Sales Campaign
*Accident Insurance P50,000.00
*2-in-1 Food Cart Package -choose 2 combined concepts of your choice
P42,888 All in and and you can save P10,888!!
This Package Includes:
* -Cart of your own choice semi stainless (collapsible 4.5’x2’x6’)
* -2 units Cooking Equipment
* -2 sets of Materials
* -2 sets Crew Uniform (T-shirt and Apron)
* -Up to 400php worth of Food Sampler for each concept
* -Training of Service crew
* -Product Updates and Price List
* -Business Registration Seminar
* -Franchise Seminar
Business Assistance Program:
*Trade Name and Product Partnership
*Marketing and Sales Campaign
*Accident Insurance P50,000.00
*3-in-1 Food Cart Package -choose 3 combined concepts of your choice*
P60,000 All in and you can save P20,664!!!
This Package Includes:
* -Cart of your own choice semi stainless (collapsible 6’x2’x6’)
* -3 units Cooking Equipment
* -3 sets of Materials
* -3 sets Crew Uniform (T-shirt and Apron)
* -Up to P400 worth of Food Sampler for each concept
* -Training of Service crew
* -Product Updates and Price List
* -Business Registration Seminar
* -Franchise Seminar
Business Assistance Program:
*Trade Name and Product Partnership
*Marketing and Sales Campaign
*Accident Insurance P50,000.00
*Siomai Jopay Package*
P50,888 All in and ready to operate!!
This Package Includes:
* -Cart with Lighted Signage (collapsible 3’x2’x6.5’)
* -2 Layer Siomai Steamer
* -1 Single Burner
* -1 pc. Sauce Dispenser
* -1 pc. Food Tong
* -Jopay Standee
* -Crew Uniform (T-shirt and Apron)
* -Food Sampler
* -Training of Service crew
* -Product Updates and Price List
* -Business Registration Seminar
* -Franchise Seminar
Business Assistance Program:
*Trade Name and Product Partnership
*Marketing and Sales Campaign
*Accident Insurance P50,000.00
*Joshawarma Package*
P30,888 All in and ready to operate!!
This Package Includes:
* -Cart with Lighted Signage (collapsible 1.5m x .60m x 6ft.)
* -Industrial Electric Griddle
* -2pcs. Sauce Dispenser
* -4pcs. Built-in Condiments
* -1pc. Food Tong
* -Joshua Standee
* -Crew Uniform (T-shirt and Apron)
* -Food Sampler
* -Training of Service crew
* -Product Updates and Price List
* -Business Registration Seminar
* -Franchise Seminar
Business Assistance Program:
*Trade Name and Product Partnership
*Marketing and Sales Campaign
*Accident Insurance P50,000.00
*Classic Package (Food Kiosk)*
100,000php All in and ready to operate!!
This Package Includes:
* -1 Unit High-end Booth (1.2mtr X .6mtr X 1.7mtr)
* -1 Unit Industrial Equipment
* -2 Sets of Utensils
* -2 Sets of Uniform
* -1 Tarpaulin
* -P2,500 worth of Initial Inventory
* (Food and Packaging)
*Distributor's Package*
250,000php ONLY!!!
This Package Includes:
*Single Cart w/ equipments (3 ft x 2 ft x 6ft)
*1 unit 2 in 1 Cart w/ equipments (4.5ft x 2ft x 6ft)
*1 unit 3 in 1 Cart w/ equipments (6ft x 2ftx 6ft)
*1 unit Chest Freezer
*8 pcs Tarpaulin Banners
*P20,000.00 Worth of Stock Inventories
*SPECIAL DISTRIBUTOR’S PRICE
* YOU CAN CHOOSE ANY COMBINATION OF CART PACKAGES = 7 CARTS
( 7 single carts or 2 3-in-1 carts and 1 single cart or 3 2-in-1 carts and 1 single cart or 1 3-in-1 and 2 2-in-1 carts)
* PUT THE CARTS WHEREVER YOU WANT
* SUPPLY OUR FRANCHISEE IN YOUR AREA
NOTE:
→if u Franchise any type of Packages u have a free E-LOAD DEALERSHIP!
We are Open for Franchise in LUZON, VISAYAS, and MINDANAO
We also accept credit cards and bank cheques..
For Faster Transactions, please call or text me to set you a schedule for orientation about the franchising the entire question will be answer.
For inquiries and questions pls contact:
MR. Larry Ciruelos
Franchise Consultant
Contact Number: Smart - 09186048428 Globe - 09159078644
Email Address – larry_ciruelos@yahoo.com
Here is another offer from my Spring / Summer Collection. Wavy and ethereal, it is just perfect choice for a spring walk or romantic evening on the beach. An uncommon pattern will be competitive to real sea waves…
I knitted it in ocean blue with a rare combination of silk-and-bamboo yarn which is ideal solution for even hot days and which will amaze you with its softness and delicacy.
It settles wonderfully on your body and, as many of my other creations, it can be worn in different ways: as a cape, shawl, cowl, collar etc. In each case it will be stylish and classy.
© Evelda's Neverland, 2010. All rights reserved.
For a while we've wanted to offer workshops for children. At the end of March we had the opportunity to do so by participating in the Artists in Action! series at The Children's School* in San Diego. The school invited local artists to campus to share their work with the students. This was part of the ten-year anniversary of the Great Artists program in which each class spends six weeks studying one artist via activities in language arts, math, science and social studies as wells as art.
During our visit we used a slide show and about three dozen creations to describe the process we go through when creating new work. Then we proposed that the students work in small groups to submit ideas for a class mascot. They sketched individual body parts and faces for four different emotions: happy, sad, surprised, and angry. We also asked the students for suggestions for the color and texture of the fabrics to be used. We spent less than an hour with each class which wasn't enough time to produce a finished product so we decided to take all the drawings, ideas, and suggestions with us.
Back at our studio, we created one plush mascot per class that incorporated some of the drawings from each of the small groups. Every mascot has four faces in the form of double-sided oval discs which allow the students or their teacher to change the face to reflect the mood of the day. Each mascot has a hand embroidered label on one foot with the year and the grade of the class.
You can see them all here:
First Grade (group two): Gaga the 3-Eyed Monster
Fourth Grade: Super Green [or name-to-be-determined-yet]
First Grade (group one): Sea Monster Vader
There were drawings of lizards and other four-legged creatures, a snail, and a polka-dot giraffe, some cyclops and a claw-legged monster. We put it all together in this Sea Monster Vader (as they called it). The two-sided removable faces can be stored in the snail shell of this creature. See more photos of Sea Vader Monster here.
*TCS is the school where Rob teaches. See his sixth and seventh grade blogs for a better picture.
I am sure most of you know about this man and his project.
I have been following his photo stream for a while, in silence because I was too shy to talk about what he is achieving both as a photographer and as a human being.
But today I listened to the songs one of his former streetkids sang.
Meu Deus ... I cannot forget his voice. It made me want to step out of my comfort zone and try to do something. Right now letting the few of you who don't know this project aware of it is all I can do. But I will do more. I owe this to them.
Window offers include:
Salmon 3/9
PG Tips Tea 2/11
Table Jellies 7½d
Ghost sign on the right, above Fiona, for H.B Penty, qualified optician
Other shops include Woolworths, Lennards, Tuckers, Bollom, Foster Brothers, Burtons & Fiona.
Original photograph
© All rights reserved
Tom Felton — a.k.a. Draco Malfoy — offered to appear in Ariana Grande’s next music video
| Plaincut | bit.ly/1DfNmQD
Ariana Grande’s silver hair in her promo photos for her next single, “Focus,” seems a bit Draco Malfoy-inspired — so one fan put the two side by…http://bit.ly/1PRoiHS
The Bangkok Mass Transit System, commonly known as the BTS or the Skytrain, is an elevated rapid transit system in Bangkok, Thailand. It is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited (BTSC) under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). The system consists of 34 stations along two lines: the Sukhumvit Line running northwards and eastwards, terminating at Mo Chit and Bearing respectively, and the Silom Line which plies Silom and Sathon Roads, the Central Business District of Bangkok, terminating at the National Stadium and Wongwian Yai. The lines interchange at Siam Station and have a combined route distance of 55 km. en.wikipedia.org
In the Monkees' "alternate reality", TV-sponsor Kellogg's ran two promotional offers in 1967 - one in February, and one in August.
The February promo was started around the time the first season of the TV series was wrapping up, and "The Monkees' Third Album" was set for release.
Unfortunately, the songs chosen for the first promo were some of the Monkees' worst....
The four songs provided by Don Kirshner to Kellogg's were all Davy Jones vehicles - produced when Donny K. was trying to make Davy the face of the group.
Still, the campaign was a success, and lead the way to the August release (which featured a much better selection of tunes).
This is the front panel of the box.
"...We were offered an unseemly Faun who perpetrated vile, bestially erotic movements, and disgustingly shameless gestures - nothing more than that. Well-deserved hisses greeted the only-too-realistic mime, the ill-shaped animal body, and the countenance even more repellent in profile than in full face. The public will never accept so brutish a reality.
"Mr. Nijinsky, little accustomed to such a response and ill-prepared for such a role, showed us his other face fifteen minutes later with his exquisite rendering of Mr. J. L. Vaudoyer's charming 'Spectre de la rose.' This is the kind of show the public wants, embodying French charm, French taste, French wit. Whoever seeks, during a long evening, to win the applause of an audience by dint of poetry, emotion, imagination, and beauty will ever seek to draw on these clear wellsprings. The other is doomed to oblivion." [Gaston Calmette in "Le Figaro," May 30, 1912]
So much for French insight.
Hotel Continental is situated in the heart of Taormina. Its spacious sun terrace offers panoramic views over the bay and Mount Etna. On a hillside overlooking the city, the interior is cozy and charmingly appointed; bedrooms open to flower-laden terraces and the roof terrace provides an ideal setting
Su una collina che domina la città, l'interno è accogliente e splendidamente arredate, camere da letto aperta a terrazze di fiori a pieno carico e la terrazza sul tetto offre un ambiente ideale
Taormina is a comune and small town on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy, in the Province of Messina, about midway between Messina and Catania. Taormina has been a very popular tourist destination since the 19th century. It has popular beaches (accessible via an aerial tramway) on the Ionian sea, which is remarkably warm and has a high salt content. Taormina can be reached via highways from Messina from the north and Catania .Just south of Taormina is the Isola Bella, a nature reserve. Tours of the Capo Sant' Andrea grottos are also available. Taormina is built on an extremely hilly coast, and is approximately a forty-five minute drive away from Europe's largest active volcano, Mount Etna.A stay at Taormina is not just a seaside vacation. This area, rich in charm and history, must be experienced in a spirit that is outside the ordinary, and for one simple reason: here, everything is extraordinary. Every stone is a thousand-year-old piece of history, the glorious sea reflects Taormina’s beauty, as it shapes and marks the passage of time, and the places that enchanted the Greeks create to this day a vibrant and exciting ambiance. But trying to describe in words what makes Taormina unique is truly difficult.
Taormina è un comune di 10.991 abitanti della provincia di Messina. E' uno dei centri balneari di maggiore rilievo di tutta la regione. Il suo aspetto, il suo paesaggio, i suoi luoghi, le sue bellezze riescono ad attirare turisti provenienti da tutto il mondo.Situata su una collina a 206 m di altezza sul livello del mare , sospesa tra rocce e mare su un terrazzo del monte Tauro, in uno scenario di bellezze naturali unico per varietà e contrasti di motivi , splendore di colori e lussureggiante vegetazione . Molto belle le mezze stagioni,Primavera e Autunno infatti vantano un clima ideale mite.La storia di Taormina è sicuramente costellata da molteplici dominazioni, e questo è possibile vederlo passeggiando per le strade del centro storico che mostrano i segni lasciati dai vari popoli passati per Taomina. Essendo situata al centro del mediterraneo la Sicilia fu sempre una preda ambita per la sua posizione strategica di passaggio,situata sulla parte est e in posizione fortificata su una collina permetteva già da allora di controllare buona parte della costa ionica e ha sempre rappresentato un ottimo punto di fortificazione e controllo nelle stradegie di guerra. Dopo aver attestato l'esistenza di una sede di siculi ( antichi abitanti dell'isola, detti anche sicani) presso Taormina, per certo vi passarono e vi lasciarono le loro tracce I Greci, i Romani, i Saraceni, dunque gli Arabi, i Bizantini ,I Normanni , Gli Aragonesi , e per ultimi i Borboni.Un soggiorno a Taormina non è semplicemente una vacanza al mare. Questi luoghi, pregni di storia e di fascino, chiedono infatti di essere vissuti con uno spirito diverso da quello comune e la ragione è semplice: qui tutto è fuori dall’ordinario.Ogni pietra reca in sé una storia millenaria, il mare meraviglioso su cui Taormina riflette tutta la sua bellezza, condiziona e scandisce lo scorrere del tempo ed i luoghi che furono l’incanto dei greci trasmettono tutt’oggi un’atmosfera vibrante di emozioni. Ma tentare di descrivere con le parole ciò che rende unica Taormina è davvero difficile
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsZheQbNK5o
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcvR1DE4_-0
Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean.
It lies on a seismic fault and has for centuries suffered earthquakes and eruptions. The island's most striking feature is Mount Etna, the largest active volcano in Europe. The coastline is beautiful. Two of the most visited attractions in Sicily are the Aeolian Islands and Taormina, with its spectacular backdrop - snow capped Etna. The largely mountainous interior is sparsely populated but the Tyrrhenian and Ionian coasts are lush. For 3,000 years the Mediterranean was the epicentre of the Western world and Sicily its focal point. The Greeks dominated between 6th century BC and 480BC. Agrigento, Selinunte, Segesta and Syracuse, with its theatre, were Greek cities. A visit to the Valley of the Temples at Agrigento is an amazing experience. Then the Romans came, followed by the Arabs who made the magical city of Palermo their capital. Normans, then the Roman church overlaid their influence upon this mix creating a dynamic culture with a delicious and varied cuisine - the island is famed for its incredibly sweet desserts!
ENAI SWIM offers swimming and survival skills lessons for babies and young children with real results in as little as 4 weeks. Lessonsn offered in Thibodaux and Houma, Louisiana.
ENAI ofrece clases de natacion y sobrevivencia en el agua a bebes y niños con resultados reales en tan poco como 4 semanas. Las clases las damos en Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
LEGO ART
The LEGO® Art sets offer adults a new creative experience to help them relax and recharge as they transform a blank canvas (or in this case, small interlinking base plates) using LEGO tiles. Each set can be reimagined in a number of different ways to express the personality of each different builder, and to make it easy and simple for pop culture lovers to refresh the LEGO Art piece on display in their house. All four new sets come with a signature tile unique to the set that is worthy of any true work of art, and a new hanging element to make them easy to hang up and switch around.
The LEGO® Marvel Studios Iron Man set will be available exclusively from LEGO Retail Stores and LEGO.com while the other three sets will be available from retailers from 1st August 2020.
Each set is AUD199.99
LEGO® ART’S ANDY WARHOL’S MARILYN MONROE (31197)
3,332 pieces
4-in-1 Collectible Wall Art Building Kit for Adults
Accompanying soundtrack includes interviews with Jessica Beck, Curator at The Andy Warhol Museum and stories from Blake Gopnik, Art Critic and the author of “Warhol”, a comprehensive biography.
LEGO® Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Monroe – Pop art admirers can now recreate Andy Warhol’s famous bright pink screenprint of Marilyn Monroe from 1967, or reimagine it in three different colours using LEGO tiles. As art and design lovers tailor the tone of their piece to suit their artistic temperament, they can tune in to new insights and details about Warhol from those that know him best.
www.lego.com/…/p…/andy-warhol-s-marilyn-monroe-31197
LEGO® ART’S THE BEATLES (31198)
2,933 pieces
4-in-1 Collectible Wall Art Building Kit for Adults
Accompanying soundtrack includes interviews with Broadcaster and Beatles Expert, Geoff Lloyd, British journalist and Beatles fan Samira Ahmed and stories from Nish Kumar, Comedian, TV Presenter and Beatles fan.
LEGO® The Beatles – Music lovers can bring Beatle-fandom into the home with a LEGO portrait of their favorite band member, whether it’s John Lennon, Sir Paul McCartney, George Harrison or Sir Ringo Starr. Each set can be used to create four unique portraits or collect four and display the full band side-by-side. Fans can get by with a little help from friends of the Beatles as they switch their headphones over to accompanying soundtrack to listen to music and stories about the band as they build.
www.lego.com/en-au/product/the-beatles-31198
LEGO® ART’S MARVEL STUDIOS IRON MAN (31199)
3,156 pieces
3-in-1 Collectible Wall Art Building Kit for Adults
Three separate sets can be combined to make an ultimate Iron Man portrait piece
Accompanying soundtrack includes interviews with Roy Thomas, former Marvel Editor in Chief and stories from Alex Grand, Marvel expert and host of “Comic Book Historians podcast”.
LEGO® Marvel Studios Iron Man – Super Hero fans can decide between powering their hero up with the MARK III, the HULKBUSTER MARK I or the MARK LXXXV with this 3-in-1 set. After the tough decision is made, builders can recharge by listening to cool details about the set and stories from Marvel Experts as part of the accompanying soundtrack. Fans who want to channel Tony Stark and ‘run before you walk’ can combine three of the same sets into one to create the ultimate Iron Man artwork.
www.lego.com/…/product/marvel-studios-iron-man-31199
LEGO® ART’S STAR WARS™ THE SITH™ (31200)
3,395 pieces
3-in-1 Collectible Wall Art Building Kit for Adults
Three separate sets can be combined to make an ultimate Darth Vader™ portrait piece
Accompanying soundtrack includes interviews with Doug Chiang, VP & Executive Creative Director, Lucasfilm and stories from Glyn Dillon, creator of the design for Kylo Ren™, as seen in the Star Wars film saga.
LEGO® Star Wars™ The Sith™ - Celebrate iconic villains from a galaxy far, far away with this 3-in-1 portrait set. Choose between portraits that pay tribute to the Sith, with Darth Vader™, Darth Maul™ or Kylo Ren™, or take the artwork to the next level by combining three sets into an ultimate Darth Vader™ wall piece. The soundtrack means the Force will be with fans as they create their very own piece of wall art while listing to music from the films and fun stories from Star Wars™ creators.
The LEGO Group is launching a new canvas for creative expression alongside a series of much-loved partners. Designed for adults who pride themselves on their love of pop culture, four new LEGO® Art sets give creative adults a different way to transform their passion into art.
Open Air Museum Karnak
The Red Chapel of Hatshepsut Sanctuary, South Wall
Block 164 (KIU 1684) Hatshepsut offers two vessels with milk to Amun-Re
Block 48 (KIU1685) Hatshepsut offers a bouquet to the ithyphallic Amun-Re
If you're curious to see some of my work in the zine format you can take advantage of the offer running from May 4th to May 6th on Blurb and get 25% off. Simply follow this link and add the code BOOKSTORE: www.blurb.com/user/robert_blu?profile_preview=true
Se siete curiosi di vedere alcuni miei lavori nel formato zine potete approfittare dell'offerta in corso dal 4 al 6 maggio su Blurb ed avere un sconto del 25%. Seguite questo link ed inserite il codice BOOKSTORE nel formulòario d'ordine: www.blurb.com/user/robert_blu?profile_preview=true
"imperfect moments" è disponibile anche come e-book a questo indirizzo: it.blurb.com/b/9709072-imperfect-moments?ebook=708185
"imperfect moments" is also available as e-book : it.blurb.com/b/9709072-imperfect-moments?ebook=708185
Photo © Tristan Savatier - All Rights Reserved - License this photo on www.loupiote.com/8203670973
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Fire performer playing with fire whip.
Photo taken at a fire jam cession at the Palace of Fine Arts (San Francisco).
If you like this photo, follow me on instagram (tristan_sf) and don't hesitate to leave a comment or email me.
carving is now known and practiced worldwide.The purpose of vegetable carving is to make food more attractive, more appetizing, and also easier to eat. These vegetable carving techniques are truly amazing! Trust us, it isn’t as complicated as it looks like!
Flymandarin school offers many extracurricular activities to reinforce the lessons you have learned and help emerge you in Chinese culture.
contact us:021-32526267 or email: fly-mandarin@hotmail.com
With all of the exciting offers at FFEI, why not take a Shelby for a little drive. With maybe a possible offer somewhere in the future.
www.architectural3dstudio.com/
Blitz offers architectural visualization in amazing 3D Walkthrough, Architectural Animation ,Industrial Walkthroughs,3D Animation, 3D Model Animation, 360 3d Walkthroughs, 3D Architectural Virtual tour Designed By 3D Designers
Blitz Architectural 3D Studio has been crafting the vision of our client’s dream projects since 2006. We believe in doing things with spirit, teamwork and most importantly unmatched creativity. With a team of dedicated artists, designers and technical analysts working round the clock, helps us to get the desired outcome and make us the most preferred 3D Architectural services provider in the current market.
A group of artistic people with a vast experience of working on projects from all around the world helps us to offer the most endearing and cost effective solutions. Today the world is getting hi-tech with every day and to match the world class quality, Blitz Architectural 3D Studio is also equipped with all the modern technologies and highly qualified team of artists.
At Blitz Architectural 3D Studio we give all attention to client’s requirement and prepare the project scope accordingly. Our aim is to deliver satisfied results to our clients and look to build a long lasting business relation.For more information, please visit our website at www.architectural3dstudio.com/ or call 408-755-9526
Blitz offers architectural visualization in amazing 3D Walkthrough, Architectural Animation ,Industrial Walkthroughs,3D Animation, 3D Model Animation, 360 3d Walkthroughs, 3D Architectural Virtual tour Designed By 3D Designers
Large comfy couch, two cushions, seats three. Originally a gray-green color.
Upholstery in ok shape, some stains, could use a good cleaning. Non-smoking family, but two cats (who rarely visited the couch) and a small lap dog.
IMGP3849
View of The Tower of The Americas from Riverwalk
For more than 35 years, the 750-foot-tall Tower of the Americas has offered residents and tourists of San Antonio, Texas, the most breathtaking view of the Alamo City – visitors dine at the Tower’s revolving restaurant or enjoy the scenery from the observation deck. Now, Landry’s Restaurants, Inc. has taken the experience to a whole new level. Among the improvements are an upscale eatery, banquet facility and a Texas-themed 4-D, multi-sensory theater.
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The San Antonio River Walk (also known as Paseo del Río) is a network of walkways along the banks of the San Antonio River, one story beneath downtown San Antonio, Texas. Lined by bars, shops and restaurants, the River Walk is an important part of the city's urban fabric and a tourist attraction in its own right.
Today, the River Walk is an enormously successful special-case pedestrian street, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws from the Alamo to Rivercenter mall, to the Arneson River Theatre close to La Villita, to HemisFair Park, to the Tower Life Building, to the San Antonio Museum of Art, and the Pearl Brewery. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that literally float.
(Via Wikipedia - Link Below)
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Millions of people visit the River Walk each year to enjoy this unusual urban sanctuary that winds along the San Antonio River in central San Antonio, one story below the bustling street level. Restaurants, galleries and shops line the banks of the downtown River Walk while the north and south banks of the River are less commercial.
The lush landscapes, quaint pathways, tinkling waterfalls, quiet pools, outdoor art and relaxing outdoor patios evoke the renowned public spaces of Europe.
(Via Visit San Antonio - Link Below)
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The River Walk History
The Historic Events from 1536 to 1792
In Texas, water has been a lifeline for many generations for centuries past. The San Antonio River is a source of a South Texas Treasure, The San Antonio River Walk. Development of San Antonio and its most popular tourism attraction have come along way together.
1536
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, a shipwrecked captive of Indians, visits the interior of Texas, sees and describes the River.
1691
June 13. Domingo Teran de los Rios, first Governor of the new Province of Texas, accompanies Father Damian Massanet on his return trip to East Texas. Camping at a rancheria of Payaya Indians on a stream called Yanaguana, someone said "let's celebrate mass and rename the stream 'San Antonio' because it is Saint Antony's day"
1709
The Espinoza-Aguirre-Olivares expedition stops at the springs which Father Espinosa names San Pedro. Father Olivares notes the river as a good site for later missions.
1716
The Spanish Council of war approves a site on the San Antonio River for a fortified presidio (fort). The Domingo Ramon expedition, accompanied by the trader St. Denis from Louisiana (who had come to the site two years previous) establishes a presidio on the river. This same council also approves the request by Father Olivares to establish a mission at the site.
1718
Martin de Alarcon, Governor of Texas, reinforces the presidio. Its ten soldiers and their families are recognized as the beginning of the villa. Alarcon names the presidio San Antonio de Bejar in honor of the Duque de Bejar, the viceroy's brother, who died a hero's death defending Budapest from the Turks in 1686.
The Mission of San Francisco de Solano is moved from the Rio Grande to merge with Mission San Antonio de Padua. Father Olivares renames his merged mission Mission San Antonio de Valero. The presidio, the villa and the mission comprise the municipality named San Antonio de los Llanos (of the Plains) by Governor Alarcon.
1719
Mission San Antonio moves to its second site on the east bank near the present day St. Joseph's Church on Commerce.
1720
Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo is founded by Father Margil de Jesus, who names it in honor of San Juse, San Miguel and Gov. Aguayo (Jose de Azlor y Vlrto de Vera, the Marquis de Aguayo, appointed Governon of Texas and Coahuila in 1719.) Olivares protests Its closeness to Mission San Antonio. Captain Alazan lays out the 10 leagues distance between the missions required by the Laws of the Indies in order to give it the protection of the presidio
1721
The Marquis de Aguayo moves the presidio San Antonio de Bejar to Its present site on the Plaza de Armas, where permanent-quarters are constructed for the soldiers. In 1726 the settlement population is 200, Including 45 military and their families.
1723
May 10. The King of Spain issues a royal cedula ordering that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands for the purpose of establishing a civil settlement in the vicinity of the Presidio de Bejar.
1724
Mission San Antonio is moved to its third and final site on Alamo Plaza because of hurricane flooding at the previous site.
1727-1744
Acequia Madre de Valero/Alamo Ditch is begun from the east side of the San Antonio River, south of the springs and north of the present day Witte Museum/Alligator Gardens building.
1729
The first 15 Canary Island families, of the 400 slated, begin their trip to the Presidio San Antonio. The King completely funds their journey via Havana and Vera Cruz; then overland to their new homes, providing detailed provisions for their final destination at the Presidio San Antonio.
1731
March 9. The 15 families, plus 1 bachelor, arrive at the presidio to establish the first legally recognized civil settlement. The call It Villa de San Fernando In honor of King Ferdinand II.
1731-1739
San Jose Acequla constructed.
1731-1745
Espada Dam, Acequia and Aqueduct constructed. Still in use.
1734
The cornerstone of San Fernando Church (later Cathedral) is laid.
1736
Construction of the first bridge to span the San Antonio River, connecting the Presidio with Mission San Antonio, at site of the present Commerce St. bridge.
1738
Acequla Principal/San Pedro Ditch begun, diverting water from San Pedro Creek and returning it to San Antonio River south of downtown. It was sited on the ridgellne separating the San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River watersheds. Water could be drawn-from both sides of the ditch.
1778
Beginning of American Revolution. Acequia Labor Arriba/Upper Labor Ditch is begun, diverting water from the west side of the river south of Hildebrand and terminating in the Acequla Principal near 5 points.
1792
All the missions are closed down by order of the Spanish government. Their lands are distributed to the mission Indians attached to the compounds
(Via The San Antonio Riverwalk - Link Below)
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The Paseo del Rio Association is a non-profit organization founded in 1968 to promote and support the San Antonio River Walk, the number one tourist attraction in Texas.
Paseo Del Rio Association
110 Broadway
Suite #500
San Antonio, TX 78205
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ECOSISTEMAS Services is the only owner-operated
and supervised specialist arboricultural company
serving the whole of the Algarve .
With over 20 years experience in the tree care
industry, we are able to offer a wide range of
arboricultural services.
From simple pruning jobs to major crown reduction
and felling work through to stump grinding, we are
fully equipped with professional machinery and
qualified, experienced staff in order to provide you
or your clients with a quality service.
.
Telephone or e-mail for a consultancy to examine the best proposals and ideas for the treatment of your trees. ecossistemas é a única firma especializada em Arboricultura dirigida e operada pelo próprio dono na região do Algarve.
Com mais de 20 anos de experiência na indústria de cuidados de árvores, podemos oferecer uma larga gama de serviços em arboriculturas.
Da poda simples, redução extensiva da coroa, cortagem, e até trituração de resíduos verdes, estamos bem equipados com maquinaria profissional, pessoal qualificados e experiente para oferecer ao Sr. ou aos seus clientes um serviço de qualidade.
Telefone ou escreva um e-mail para uma visita de consulta sem compromisso para examinar as melhores propostas ou ideias no tratamento das suas árvores.
arvores .centro de Jardinagem,projectos de jardins ,arqitectura paisagistica algarve ,garden centre algarve Inspection
We can advise how best to care
for your trees, determining what
is necessary to maintain or improve
the health, appearance and safety.
We issue fixed-price quotations,
not estimates, for any required work.
Brushwood Chipper Service
All prunings are cleared using
heavy-duty wood chippers in order
that the work areas are left in a neat and tidy condition.
These machines, with an operator are
available for hire at an hourly r
Felling and Dismantling
If it is necessary or desirable to remove
a tree, we have the equipment and expertise to dismantle it safely. We specialise in the removal of trees from awkward areas such
as adjacent to swimming pools and buildings or when they are in close proximity to overhead cables.
Abates e Desmontagens
Stump Grinding
After felling, our clients can choose to have
the tree stump removed by us using
professional stump grinding machinery.
Or if you have unsightly stumps from
previously felled trees, we can grind
them out and reinstate your lawn.
Remoção dos Tocos
Specialist Pruning including Fruit Trees
With over 20 years experience, we have
the expertise and equipment to carry out
all aspects of tree pruning, particularly where technical knowledge is required in order to maximise crop production or improve the health and appearance.
Poda Especializado
Tree-Pest Treatment ,Control Diseases especialized team for control and detection of diseases or plague, which can be detected in every kind of plants in your garden.
If you need further information, contact us! (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus)Pine Trees Caterpillar
The annual infestation of Pine Trees (Pinus Pinea) by the processionary caterpillar begins to take effect in the end of summer.
This pest, which is found mainly in Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, causes extreme damage to the pine trees and also worrying skin irritations on humans and animals.
ECOSSISTEMAS has devised a biological product composed of bacteria, “Bacillus Thuringiensis”, which has no toxicity to people and the environment.
It is advisable that this treatment is initiated in the autumn to prevent the caterpillar from hatching in January and causing maximum damage.
If you are interested in treating your pine trees then please do not hesitate to contact us.Red Palm Weevil
A phyto-sanitary team from ECOVIVEIROS Garden Centre, was called out after concerns from a worried client that their majestic palm tree (a Phoenix Canariensis, 8mtrs tall), was showing extreme signs of wilting and distress. On examination, it was discovered to be slowly dying due to an infestation of Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus), an extremely preoccupying situation, as this shows that this pest which originated in India in 1891, and has over the last two centuries, been found in Egypt, Arabian Gulf countries, Spain (2004) has now arrived to Portugal, most notably, Albufeira and Silves area in the Algarve.
The Red Palm Weevil is the most dangerous and deadly pest of Date, Coconut, Oil, Sago and other Palms. There is no cure, only prevention.
Until the 1970´s, the pest was found only in the tropics.
Since then it has destroyed the following:
1984 - Arabian Emirates – 200,000 palms
1987 - Saudi Arabia – 200,000 palms
1993 - Egypt – 270,000 palms
1995 - Malaga – 2000 palms
2004 - Valencia – 220 palms
This is an extremely worrying situation, as a large proportion of this insect arriving to the European continent is due to the importation of palm trees from Egypt, where 22 out of 26 regions of the country are affected by the red palm weevil. In Spain, in 2004, an embargo was declared, prohibiting the sale of Valencian palm trees, which is the capital of Palm tree production in Europe.
The transport of palms from already infected areas has contributed to the spread of this pest. Strict quarantine at international and national levels should be applied.
The weevil, of which in adult stage can be recognised by its very reddish, orange colour, commences flight when temperatures reach between 25º - 40º. It dislikes light, therefore it is difficult to detect, as it buries itself into the interior of the palm tree, where the female then lays between 200 – 300 eggs, which are the size of a grain of rice.
All stages (life cycle) are spent inside the palm. After the female lays the eggs, they hatch in 2-5 days into larvae (1.4cms in length), which then feed on the soft interior tissues of the palm. This larval period varies between 1-3 months, where the larvae then pupate inside an oval, cylindrical cocoon, made from fibrous strands, and dark brown in colour. After about 14 – 21 days, the adult weevil emerges.
There is no effective biological cure for this pest. The best method is preventative. The crowns of palm trees should be cleaned regularly, to prevent the accumulation of dead and decaying leaves. Avoid cuts and injuries to the palm. When cutting green leaves, cut them about 120cm away from the base. All dead palms or palms beyond recovery should be cut and burned to eradicate the pest inside.
The weevils can also be trapped by luring them into a trap bucket called a “Saudi Trap.” This is a 15lt bucket with sturdy walls with a 4cm diameter opening which contains a 5cm solution of water, sugar and a carbolic based insecticide and pieces of palm stem. This is then fixed to the trunk of the palm about 1.5m from the base. This pest is extremely difficult to detect without a thorough examination of the tree. We can be alerted to its presence by a sad, wilting appearance of the palm and new leaves showing a reddish colour.
have a team on hand to deal with all enquiries, and have already alerted the Ministry of Agriculture, where they are working in close conjunction to devise a plan on the controlling of this pest.
during the Summer of 1991. It is currently being renewed and modernized to keep up with an expanding and competitive market. produces most of the plants for sale in its garden center. Other than ornamental shrubs, ornamental trees, a wide variety of fruit trees, annuals, indoor plants, cacti, tropical plants, palm trees, rosebushes, seasonal plants, climbers and others, we also market compost for pots and garden, pine bark, peats and organic as well as specific chemical fertilizers, plastic, glazed and terracota pots.este viveiro passou a fazer parte da durante o Verão de 1991. Neste momento está a ser renovado e modernizado para poder dar resposta a um mercado competitivo e em expansão. produz a maior parte das plantas à venda no seu garden center. Para além de arbustos e árvores ornamentais, uma grande variedade de árvores de fruto, anuais, plantas de interior, cactos, plantas tropicais, palmeiras, roseiras, plantas de época, trepadeiras e outras, também comercializamos composto para vasos e jardim, casca de pinheiro, turfas, fertilizantes químicos e naturais, e vasos de terracota e plástico.
SCHEDULEHORÁRIO
Monday to Friday: Open from 8am to 1pm and from 2pm to 6pm. Closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. Segunda a Sexta: Aberto das 8h00 às 13h00 e das 14h00 às 18h00. Encerrado Sábado, Domingo e Feriados.
Ecossistemas leads the market in garden maintenance and garden services. Skilled gardeners with all the the necessary tools for professional work offer you a wide range of services always with outstanding results. Our regular garden maintenance costumers benefit from a weekly gardening service on a fixed schedule - every week the job gets done on the same day at the same time. Other casual garden services can be scheduled in advance. A ecossistemas lidera o mercado em manutenção de jardim e serviços de jardinagem. Jardineiros profissionais munidos com todas a ferramentas necessárias oferecem-lhe um vasto leque de serviços sempre com os melhores resultados. Os nossos clientes habituais beneficiam de uma manutenção de jardim semanal num horário fixo - todas as semanas os serviços são prestados no mesmo dia à mesma hora. Outros serviços de jardinagem casuais podem ser marcados com antecedência.
SOME OF OUR SERVICES INCLUDE:ALGUNS DOS NOSSOS SERVIÇOS INCLUEM:
•Palm tree treatment against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil)
•Pine tree treatment against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Pine Processionary)
•Lawn treatment against Spodoptera cilium (Lawn Caterpillar) and other lawn pests/diseases
•Lawn verticut
•Pruning or removal of big trees or palm trees
•Irrigation system revision
arvores .centro de jardinagem, projectos de jardins
arqitectura paisagistica algarve ,garden centre algarve
•Tratamento de palmeiras contra Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Escaravelho da Palmeira)
•Tratamento de pinheiros contra Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Processionária do Pinheiro)
•Tratamento de relvados contra Spodoptera cilium (Lagarta da Relva) e outras pragas/doenças
•Escarificação de relvados
•Poda ou remoção de árvores ou palmeiras de grandes dimensões
•Revisão de sistemas de rega
,ECOSSISTEMAS e oLIVEIRAS DE PORTUGAL COM A ECOVIVEIROOS pela sua actividade. O proprietário dos conhecidos viveiros ECOSSISTEMAS tem vindo a ganhar crescente notoriedade, por força do seu profissionalismo e pela forma apaixonada como defende as suas causas..E a mais importante de todas é, sem dúvida, a preservação das oliveiras portuguesas, consideradas por OLIVEIRAS DE PORTUGAL como uma das “espécies mais fantásticas da paisagem mediterrânica”. Lamenta que esta árvore não esteja protegida pela legislação nacional e seja, hoje em dia, preterida nos jardins portugueses por palmeiras ou buganvílias, estranhas ao nosso ambiente natural e que necessitam, inclusive, de mais manutenção e grandes quantidades de água.E a que se deve este desencanto por uma das árvores seculares da nossaflora. ECOSSISTMAS aponta, por um lado, a mentalidade das pessoas, rendidas às espécies exóticas, e por outro o desleixo com que as árvores autóctones – de que as oliveiras fazem parte - são tratadas. O trabalho é mal feito desde o início, a árvore não é bem trabalhada”, observa. “Há muitos particulares que desistem de comprar oliveiras,porque as vêm sem qualidade plantadas pelas câmaras municipais em rotundas. São árvores muito feias, porque foram mal podadas, e isso influencia negativamente as pessoas”. Admite que as contenções orçamentais acabem porcondicionar a compra de árvores mais bem cuidadas por parte das autarquias, mas aponta as vantagens desta espécie. Não precisa de água, é muito resistente e até dá frutos.,Designing a garden with ECOSSITEMAS means introducing the concepts of good garden planning to achieve the most practical and aesthetically pleasing results, taking account of the natural environment and eliminating unnecessary water consumption wherever possible.After first contact with Natura and a visit to the garden or site, a plan is prepared to show how the transformation, whether big or small, will be carried out. Using hand sketched layouts and computer
generated plans for every element - such as irrigation, lighting, levelling, planting and unusual features - our multi-lingual staff can explain the works required and agree the desired final effect with the client.An estimate is prepared detailing every plant that will be introduced; the cost of saving and transplanting certain plants where required, and the cost of labour, machinery and extra materials. To present ideas and estimates, a nominal fee is made for complex projects requiring detailed architectural expertise from our in-house designers. For smaller projects, our qualified gardeners can provide free preliminary quotes.A typical project would include the following stages
,Plantas ornamentais e florestais. Árvores de fruto projectos, construção e manutenção de jardins,Projectos e instalação de sistemas de rega ,Calçada, Carvão e lenha, Lagos e cascatas, Materiais de construção, Muros, Pedra decorativa, Relva em tapete ,Serviços, Abate de árvores, Camiões, Escavações, Terraplanagem,Limpeza de terrenos. Terraplanagem e escavações. Aluguer de máquinas. Camiões. Construção civil. Materiais de construção,Pavimentos. Calçada. Pedra regional. Pedra rolada. Lage,Muros. Carvão. Cascas de pinho. Tratamento de palmeiras. ,Limpeza e abate de árvores. Sulipas,Terra,Limpeza de terrenos, terraplanagem e escavações,Aluguer de maquinas,Construção e renovação de jardins,Construção de lagos e cascatas,Construção de muros,Construção Civil,Venda de pedras decorativas,regionais,roladas e lage,de jardim,ECOSSISTEMAS é uma empresa capaz de responder com eficácia a qualquer necessidade no âmbito da construção e manutenção de jardins e espaços verdes. A ECOSSISTEMAS trabalha com um conjunto de fornecedores de materiais para construção de Jardins. Esta empresa não funciona apenas como empreiteira de jardins, mas como consultora de todo o tipo de espaços verdes. Fazemos a Plantas ornamentais e florestais. Árvores de fruto projectos, construção e manutenção de jardins,Projectos e instalação de sistemas de rega ,Calçada, Carvão e lenha, Lagos e cascatas, Materiais de construção, Muros, Pedra decorativa, Relva em tapete ,Serviços, Abate de árvores, Camiões, Escavações, Terraplanagem,Limpeza de terrenos. Terraplanagem e escavações. Aluguer de máquinas. Camiões. Construção civil. Materiais de construção,Pavimentos. Calçada. Pedra regional. Pedra rolada. Lage,Muros. Carvão. Cascas de pinho. Tratamento de palmeiras. ,Limpeza e abate de árvores. Sulipas,Terra,Limpeza de terrenos, terraplanagem e escavações,Aluguer de maquinas,Construção e renovação de jardins,Construção de lagos e cascatas,Construção de muros,Construção Civil,Venda de pedras decorativas,regionais,roladas e lage,de jardim
Callsign : ALEX 27.07
Coachwork by Reutter
The car offered here is one of the first batch of 12 Porsche 356B Cabriolets out of a total of some 40 delivered new to the Rijkspolitie's SAS section. Only three are known to survive: one in the USA, one in the Porsche Centrum Nederland, and this example in private hands.
In 1962, the Rijkspolitie (Dutch Police) set up its Surveillancegroep Autosnelwegen (Motorway Surveillance Group) to patrol these new high-speed highways. At that time there was no speed limit on Dutch motorways and no guard rails either. Accidents were frequent and often fatal. Seeking a solution to this serious problem, a Rijkspolitie delegation consulted the German Police in Nordrhein Westfalen on how best to manage Holland's 500-kilometre motorway network. The 'autobahn' was, after all, a German invention. Since 1956 the German police had adopted a policy of 'overtaking surveillance' using Porsche sports cars. Motorists deemed to be driving at excessive speed were monitored, overtaken and forced to stop. This high-profile presence and firm action had a powerful deterrent effect.
Commencing in November 1960, this approach was trialled by the Rijkspolitie using a single Porsche 356 Cabriolet. The trial was successful and resulted in the creation in 1962 of the SAS, initially with 12 Porsches. The vehicle offered here is one of those 12 356B sports cars.
An elite force, the SAS underwent a rigorous selection procedure: they were required to have good driving skills and road traffic expertise, to be in excellent physical condition and be at least 25 years old. They also had to be married, preferably with children, it being considered that these responsibilities would inhibit them from taking unnecessary risks. As one would expect, this group of Porsche-driving motorway cops, with their white cars and matching helmet, tunic and long overcoat, attracted a lot of media attention. A period copy of 'de Auto' magazine featuring a Rijkspolitie 356 is on file.
The car we offer was delivered new by Pon's Automobielhandel, Holland to the Rijkspolitie's Sectie Bijzondere Verkeerstaken (Special Traffic Tasks Section) and first registered in the Netherlands on 21st March 1962. It spent the next four years in police service, known by the call sign 'ALEX 2707', and was assigned to the 'Van Rijn/De Steen' surveillance team for the entire period. Their field of operations was highway '2/26/4/4a'. 'ALEX 2707' stayed with the Rijkspolitie until 1966, by which time it had travelled more than 190,000 kilometres and received a replacement engine (Porsche certificate on file).
At the end of its service all the police equipment was removed and the car sold as a standard 356B Cabriolet. The Porsche is believed to have remained in the Netherlands, where it was purchased in 2004 by the current vendor's father, who bought the 356 not knowing it was a former police car.
A short while later, the Dutch Police contacted the owner's family to tell them they had an ex-police Porsche 356 and asked if it would be possible to come and look at the car. It was only then (circa 2005) that the quest began to obtain all the original police parts for this Rijkspolitie Porsche. It was to prove exceedingly difficult to find the 'Rijkspolitie' equipment that had been removed prior to sale, and the restoration was not finally completed until 2012.
The car is now equipped with all the original fittings with which it was delivered new, and was even re-sprayed after restoration because the white paint used was not the correct shade for this particular 356. The engine has been changed again and is now a Type 616/16 dating from 1964. Fully overhauled 1,000 kilometres ago, it is a 1,600cc 'SC' unit producing 95bhp. The odometer was zeroed at time of restoration and is currently reading 30,400 kilometres.
Original 'Rijkspolitie' features (not all connected) include the original blue AUR beacon; 'STOP' sign; Storno radio telephone (VHF); radio antenna; Pye amplifier; twin internal rear view mirrors; control buttons; ammeter; rear-mounted loudspeaker; correct stickers; and Rijkspolitie clothing including helmets. Apart from the addition of oil pressure and oil temperature gauges and tripmaster, the car is exactly as it was when delivered new to the Dutch Police.
Collection : Louwman Museum
1,6 Liter
4 Cylinder Boxer
75 HP
Vmax : 175 km/h
Expo : Rijkspolitie Porsches
Louwman Museum
Den Haag - The Hague
Nederland - Netherlands
Augustus 2016
All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.
For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -
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We offer private tours in the city of Cusco and Sacred Valley. Cruise Cusco in a Vintage fun VW Bus Feel the Wanderlust!
Ofrecemos tours privados en la ciudad del Cuzco y el Valle Sagrado a bordo de nuestras VW Kombi T1. Nuestros tours son a tu medida. Tours privados para ti y tus compañeros de viaje. Queremos generar para vosotros los mejores recuerdos.
ENAI SWIM offers swimming and survival skills lessons for babies and young children with real results in as little as 4 weeks. Lessonsn offered in Thibodaux and Houma, Louisiana.
ENAI ofrece clases de natacion y sobrevivencia en el agua a bebes y niños con resultados reales en tan poco como 4 semanas. Las clases las damos en Monterrey, NL, Mexico.