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December 27, 2018 - "Rising over 700m above the Jordan Valley, Mount Nebo offers spectacular views of the Promised Land as seen by Moses. On the platform at the summit is a modern sculpture by an Italian artist representing Moses' staff and Jesus' words in John 3: "As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up."
Elements of a triple-apse Byzantine basilica were uncovered by archaeologists in the 1930s, and have been incorporated into the structure of the modern church building, known as the Memorial Church of Moses. The modern additions to the church are very simple, consisting of little more than a shelter over the fascinating excavations and ancient mosaic floors.
Just inside the entrance to the left is the excavated Old Baptistery, which has one of the most interesting ancient mosaics in Jordan. The baptistery and the mosaic can be precisely dated to August 531 thanks to a Greek inscription, which also names the three workers who created it and the bishop at the time (Elias).
The Old Baptistery mosaic is in remarkably pristine condition because another one was laid over it just a few decades later in 597. The underlying mosaic remained hidden for nearly 1,400 years until it was discovered in 1976 when the one on top was removed for restoration (it now hangs on a wall).
The mosaic of 531 is a large square divided into four strips of scenes of men and animals, surrounded by a chain-style border. The top two sections depict fierce hunting scenes: a shepherd fighting a lion, a soldier fighting a lioness, and two horseback hunters defeating a bear and wild boar.
The lower scenes are pastoral but with a touch of the exotic: a shepherd watching his goat and sheep graze in the shade of trees; an ostrich on a leash held by a dark-skinned man; and a boy holding the leashes of a zebra and a spotted animal that looks very much like a camel but might be intended to represent a giraffe.
There are more mosaics in the nave and side aisles of the church, including some fragments of the 597 mosaic pavement. The oldest mosaic in the church is a braided cross displayed on the south wall.
Also hanging here are mosaics of animals from the Church of George in Mukhayyat. One of these is from 536 and has an inscription that some believe is the earliest example of Arabic script in Jordan (others argue it is old Aramaic).
In the far right-hand corner of the church is the New Baptistery (597 AD), which was previously a funerary chapel. It includes a small mosaic originally from the threshold bearing the greeting, "Peace to all."
Next to the New Baptistry, a lovely mosaic cross from the original 4th-century church stands on a modern altar in its original location. A photograph of the Pope praying at the same altar is proudly displayed.
Next to the exit door is the Theotokos Chapel, added in the 7th century where three rooms of the monastery previously stood. Its apse has a mosaic of a square object that may be a ciborium (vessel for the Eucharist) or altar canopy, accompanied by bulls and gazelles. The floor of the chapel is paved with mosaics of plants and flowers." Previous text from the following website: www.sacred-destinations.com/jordan/mount-nebo
This trek offers an outstanding combination of amazing mountain and valley scenery in a remote area, the visit will really get an in-site into the Authentic Quechua Communities and see thatched stone houses surrounded by herds of llamas and alpacas, and even guinea pigs running loose inside the houses. This hike starts in the Lares Valley and village of the same name, where you can enjoy a night dip in its relaxing hot springs, to then follow to the Andean communities of Huacahuasi, Patacancha and Willoq, reaching the village of Aguas Calientes on the third night, after a 2-hour train-ride from Ollantaytambo. Finally, the fourth day is devoted to visiting the impressive Inca citadel of Machupicchu
Package Name:Lares Trek
Duration: 4 Days / 3 Nights
Type of Trek : Alternative Trek to Machu Picchu
Group Size : To suit group requirements - (no more than 12 Persons)
Difficulty degree of this hike: Moderate / Challenge
Departures Day:
Daily Departures - Small Groups
All private service departure dates are adapted to your request.
A minimum of 2 persons is needed for this trek
Activities: Adventure / Trekking / Biking / Ecological/
High Season: April - November
Route: Closed in February
Lares Trek Itinerary:
Day 1: Cusco - Lares (Hot Spring)
Day 2: Lares (Hot Spring) - Ipsaycocha)
Day 3: Ipsaycocha - Patacancha - Ollantaytambo - Aguas Calientes
Day 4: Aguas Calienties - Machu Picchu - Cusco
Day 1: Cusco - Lares (Hot Spring)
We leave Cusco at 6:00am in a private transport and drive for an approximated 4h through part of the Sacred Valley to then head towards Lares (3100m/10168ft), a little rural village located in the beautiful valley of the same name, hosting some well-known hot springs. Upon arrival, we leave our equipment and continue towards Choquecancha, an impressive archaeological site with amazing views of the neighboring valleys. After our visit, we hike back to Lares, where we can enjoy an evening dip in its hot springs before or after our dinner is served. Our camp will be set next to the thermal baths and access is free the whole night.
Day 2: Lares (Hot Spring) - Ipsaycocha)
After an early wake up and breakfast, we meet our horsemen and horses and leave our campsite at around 9.00am to walk along an ascending path that will lead us to Huacahuasi, (3600m/11808ft). This remote Andean community is located in an impressive valley, where the typical lifestyle and house constructions of the Quechua communities living at high altitude can be appreciated. We stop to visit a typical house and family, before we enjoy our lunch. In the early afternoon, we continue our hike ascending toward the mountain pass of Ipsay (4450m/14596ft/3h), walking across little communities and Andean flats (pampas) with the presence of llamas and alpacas. The pass offers impressive views of Mount Veronica and the surrounding snow-capped peaks. Just half an hour from this point is Ipsayqocha, a beautiful lagoon next to which we set our camp and spend the night, amidst awesome scenery.
Day 3: Ipsaycocha - Patacancha - Ollantaytambo - Aguas Calientes
After two full days of hiking today is much easier. After an early breakfast we walk downhill through a wide-open valley for about 2½ hours until we arrive at the village of Patacancha. We will have a chance to view some textiles made by the people of this community - the high quality weavings are famous for their intricate designs reflecting aspects of their everyday lives and culture. After we also get the chance to walk slowly down the valley to Willoq, another Quechua village where the locals still wear their traditional dress and are proud to maintain their cultural identity. From Patacancha we will take our transport further down the valley to Inca town of Ollantaytambo where we will rest and have lunch, then catch our afternoon train to AguasCalientes. This is an amazing journey that starts in the Quechua highlands and slowly descends to lush tropical vegetation as we near AguasCalientes. Total journey time about 1½ hours. Tonight we stay in the small quaint town of Machu Picchu.
Day 4: Aguas Calienties - Machu Picchu - Cusco
5 am breakfast then at 5.30am we get the bus to Machu Picchu. We need to depart early so those who wish to climb Huayna Picchu will need to sign up before the 2 hour guided tour. During your visit to these ancient ruins you will see clouds fly past and Machu Picchu will disappear with in them, so make sure you take pictures whilst the ruins are visible. After the tour you will have free time to explore the mountain of Huayna Picchu overlooking all of Machu Picchu - by far the best view! Huayna Picchu will take approximately 2 hours return trip. It is now your choice to enjoy lunch just outside the ruins or take the bus back to AguasCalientes to explore this small and quaint village. The train back to Cusco departs late afternoon so your estimated time of arrival is approximately 9pm.village. The train back to Cusco departs late afternoon so your estimated time of arrival is approximately 9pm.
What is Included:
English speaking guide
Pre-departure information meeting,
Machu Picchu entrance fees.
First aid kit, portable oxygen Tank,
3 night accommodation in tourist hostel,
Transfers,
Bus ticket Aguas Calientes Machu Picchu - Aguas Calientes,
Expedition train ticket Aguas Calientes - Ollantayatmbo,
Transfer from Ollantaytambo - Cusco Hotel
What is NOT Included:
International air fares to Peru,
Domestic flights, airport taxes,
Meals other than those specified in your itinerary,
Personal insurance.
Recomended Things To Take
Sleeping bag (you can rent at Cusco Expeditions office).
Bottle of mineral water.
Rain gear and/or plastic poncho (can be purchase in Cusco).
Hiking boots.
Warm jacket or fleece, t-shirts, shorts, long pants, sun hat and wool hat.
Flashlight.
Sun block.
Insect repellent.
Toilet paper and garbage bag.
Small towel and bathing suit (hot springs optional).
Camera, extra film and extra batteries.
Snacks, chocolates, energy bars.
Emergency money.
Walking stick (optional).
CALL US We are ready to take your call.
Call us: Telephone: (+51) (84) 632307, Telefax: (+51) (84) 632307
Cell Phone: (+51) (84) 974727031 / 958191179 / 984567085 (24 hours available)
Address: Triunfo Street 392 - Centro Artesanal Arte Inka 2nd Floor 212 - Main Square of Cusco
Business Hours: Monday to Sunday: (From 9:00am to 13:00PM) - ( From 15:00PM - 8:00PM)
E-mail: contact@cuscoexpeditions.com, info@cuscoexpeditions.com
MSN: cuscoexpeditions@hotmail.com
Website: www.cuscoexpeditions.com/
Copyright © 2010 - 2020 Cusco Expeditions E.I.R.L. - Peruvian Tour Operator - Travel Agency
This is the perfect offer for Spring! Very cozy, following current fashion trends and unique at the same time. This original bolero will add a fresh fashionable look even to your favourites every-day clothes.
It is my original design, hand-knitted with hand-painted bulky merino wool. This yarn is multicolor thick-and-thin type. I used it in such a way that it gets gradually thinner towards bottom of the sweater and towards the tips of the sleeves. This surely looks extraordinary! It also has an original buckle to do it up.
The sleeve is a bit puffed, tightly finished.
© Evelda's Neverland, 2010. All rights reserved.
Several Twitter users offered various suggestions regarding the identification of this coat’s ambiguous red symbol, including bear's legs, a cardinal's hat, and the disembodied feet of an eagle similar to that featured in the coat of arms of the Italian House of Sforza. One blogger suggested as a useful resource 'The Book of Venoms', an academic text written on the subject of toxicology by Magister Santes de Ardoynis in 1424. We cannot elaborate on or confirm the validity of these suggestions thus far. As of yet, no suggestions have been given for the significance of yellow serpentine shape, of which he have been unable to record in official heraldic terms.
University of Glasgow Library
Special Collections
Nicolaus Salernitanus
Antidotarium
Sp Coll Ferguson Am-z.41.
Marines, Soldiers, sailors and airmen stand together as U.S. Air Force Chaplain (Capt.) Aaron H. Klaves, assigned to Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, offers words of inspiration during a ceremony at the wreckage site of two downed helicopters off the northern coast of Djibouti, May 30, 2011.
Photo by Air Force Master Sgt. Dawn M. Price
To learn more about U.S. Army Africa visit our official website at www.usaraf.army.mil
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More than 35 Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) servicemembers climbed aboard two CH-53 Super Stallion Helicopters on May 30, Memorial Day, and traveled to some of Djibouti’s most remote regions to honor CJTF-HOA members who lost their lives in two separate aircraft accidents.
This memorial flight, as it has come to be known, held a considerable level of importance for one of the passengers, U.S. Air Force Chaplain (Capt.) Aaron Klaves, who led the joint-service members through short devotionals at each location.
“This event is one of significance and weight,” Klaves said, before climbing aboard one of the large helicopters parked on the Camp Lemonnier flight line. “We’re on this mission to pay tribute to men and women who gave their lives in service to their country. What could be more important?”
The group’s first stop was atop a rocky plateau in the Godoria Range along Djibouti’s northern coast. On June 23, 2003, two CH-53 helicopter crews were gathered around their aircraft on this high ground to observe a B-52 Stratofortress on maneuvers when an M117 general purpose bomb exploded, killing U.S. Marine Capt. Seth Michaud and injuring eight others.
The second leg of the mission took the group to a desolate beach on the Gulf of Aden where, on Feb. 17, 2006, two CH-53 helicopters collided in mid-air, killing eight Marines and two airmen, and injuring two others.
At each accident site, CJTF-HOA servicemembers talked quietly among themselves while some looked out in silence over the Red Sea. At the Godoria plateau, others touched the twisted remnants of the helicopters as if to confirm that the events actually occurred.
During the devotionals, Klaves read aloud the names of those who perished and a wreath of flowers was laid near each wreckage site.
“Our job is inherently dangerous,” U.S. Navy Religious Programs Spc. 2nd Class James Decker said. “It’s noble to defend your country and this event presents us with a moment to say ‘thank you.’ What you hope to happen on Memorial Day is for Americans to understand and appreciate the decision her young men and women make to serve their country.”
U.S. Marine Capt. B.P. Sanders, HMH 464 CH-53 pilot and section lead for the memorial flight, had never visited the accident sites before.
“This memorial flight brings with it a constant reminder of those we have lost,” Sanders said. “It was the best mission I’ve flown here so far – a mission of honor and fulfillment. It really shines a light on their sacrifice.”
CJTF-HOA members have participated in annual memorial flights since Memorial Day 2004.
The kit and its assembly:
Sweden is a prolific whiffing territory, and the Saab 29 offers some interesting options. This highly modified Tunnan, which is actually rather a kitbashing than a mere model kit modification, is/was a submission to the “More or less engines” group build at whatifmodelers.com in summer 2019.
I actually had the idea of a two-engine J29 in the back of my mind for a long time, spawned by a resin conversion set for the Hasegawa B-47 Stratojet kit that came with new intakes and exhaust sections for the four engine pods. The single engine pod parts had been spent a long time ago, but the twin engine parts were still waiting for a good use. Could the exhaust fit under/into a Tunnan…?
I even had a Matchbox J29 stashed away for this experiment long ago, as well as some donor parts like the wings, and the GB eventually offered the right motivation to put those things together that no one would expect to work.
So I pulled out all the stuff and started – a rather straightforward affair. Work started with the fuselage, which was, together with the (very nice) cockpit assembled OOB at first, the nose filled with as much lead as possible and with the lower rear section cut away, so the B-47 resin jet nozzles would end up at the same position as the original RM2B exhaust. Due to the pen nib fairing between them, though, the profile of the modified tail became (visually) more massive, and I had to fill some gaps under the tail boom (with styrene sheet and putty). The twin engines also turned out to be wider than expected – I had hoped for straight flanks, but the fuselage shape ended up with considerable bulges behind the landing gear wells. These were created with parts from drop tank halves and blended into the rest of the lower hill with PSR work. In the same wake the area under the fin was sculpted and re-created, too.
At that point it became clear that I had to do more on the fuselage, esp. the front end, in order to keep the aircraft visually balance. A convenient solution became an F-100 air intake, which I grafted onto the nose instead of the original circular and round-lipped orifice – with its sharp lip the Super Sabre piece was even a plausible change! The fuselage shapes and diameters differed considerably, though, more PSR became necessary.
Next came the wings: I had already set apart a pair of trapezoid wings with a 45° sweep angle – these were left over from a PM Model Ta 183 conversion some time ago. With their odd shape and size they were a perfect match for my project, even more so due to the fact that I could keep the original J29 wing attachment points, I just had to shorten and modify the trailing edge area on the fuselage. The result was very conclusive.
With the new nose and the wings in place, the overall proportions became clearer: still tail-heavy, but not unpleasant. At this time I was also certain that I had to modify the tail surfaces. The fin was too small and did not have enough sweep for the overall look, and the stabilizer, with its thick profile, rounded edges and the single, continuous rudder did not look supersonic at all. What followed was a long search in the donor banks for suitable replacements, and I eventually came up with a MiG-15 fin (Hobby Boss) which was later clipped at the top for a less recognizable profile. The stabilizers were more challenging, though. My solution eventually became a pair of modified stabilizers from a Matchbox Buccaneer(!), attached to the MiG-15 fin.
The design problems did not stop here, though: the landing gear caused some more headaches. I wanted to keep the OOB parts, but especially the main legs would leave the aircraft with a very goofy look through a short wheelbase and a rear axis position too much forward. In an attempt to save the situation I attached swing arms to the OOB struts, moving the axis maybe 5mm backwards and widening the track by 2mm at the same time. Not much in total, but it helped (a little, even though the aircraft is still very tail-heavy)
As a final addition – since the original, wing-mounted pitots of the J29 were gone now and would not go well with the wing-switching idea – I gave the P29G a large, nose-mounted pitot and sensor boom, placed on top of the nose. This part come, like the air intake, from an F-100.
ECOSISTEMAS Services is the only owner-operated
and supervised specialist arboricultural company
serving the whole of the Algarve .
With over 20 years experience in the tree care
industry, we are able to offer a wide range of
arboricultural services.
From simple pruning jobs to major crown reduction
and felling work through to stump grinding, we are
fully equipped with professional machinery and
qualified, experienced staff in order to provide you
or your clients with a quality service.
.
Telephone or e-mail for a consultancy to examine the best proposals and ideas for the treatment of your trees. ecossistemas é a única firma especializada em Arboricultura dirigida e operada pelo próprio dono na região do Algarve.
Com mais de 20 anos de experiência na indústria de cuidados de árvores, podemos oferecer uma larga gama de serviços em arboriculturas.
Da poda simples, redução extensiva da coroa, cortagem, e até trituração de resíduos verdes, estamos bem equipados com maquinaria profissional, pessoal qualificados e experiente para oferecer ao Sr. ou aos seus clientes um serviço de qualidade.
Telefone ou escreva um e-mail para uma visita de consulta sem compromisso para examinar as melhores propostas ou ideias no tratamento das suas árvores.
arvores .centro de Jardinagem,projectos de jardins ,arqitectura paisagistica algarve ,garden centre algarve Inspection
We can advise how best to care
for your trees, determining what
is necessary to maintain or improve
the health, appearance and safety.
We issue fixed-price quotations,
not estimates, for any required work.
Brushwood Chipper Service
All prunings are cleared using
heavy-duty wood chippers in order
that the work areas are left in a neat and tidy condition.
These machines, with an operator are
available for hire at an hourly r
Felling and Dismantling
If it is necessary or desirable to remove
a tree, we have the equipment and expertise to dismantle it safely. We specialise in the removal of trees from awkward areas such
as adjacent to swimming pools and buildings or when they are in close proximity to overhead cables.
Abates e Desmontagens
Stump Grinding
After felling, our clients can choose to have
the tree stump removed by us using
professional stump grinding machinery.
Or if you have unsightly stumps from
previously felled trees, we can grind
them out and reinstate your lawn.
Remoção dos Tocos
Specialist Pruning including Fruit Trees
With over 20 years experience, we have
the expertise and equipment to carry out
all aspects of tree pruning, particularly where technical knowledge is required in order to maximise crop production or improve the health and appearance.
Poda Especializado
Tree-Pest Treatment ,Control Diseases especialized team for control and detection of diseases or plague, which can be detected in every kind of plants in your garden.
If you need further information, contact us! (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus)Pine Trees Caterpillar
The annual infestation of Pine Trees (Pinus Pinea) by the processionary caterpillar begins to take effect in the end of summer.
This pest, which is found mainly in Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, causes extreme damage to the pine trees and also worrying skin irritations on humans and animals.
ECOSSISTEMAS has devised a biological product composed of bacteria, “Bacillus Thuringiensis”, which has no toxicity to people and the environment.
It is advisable that this treatment is initiated in the autumn to prevent the caterpillar from hatching in January and causing maximum damage.
If you are interested in treating your pine trees then please do not hesitate to contact us.Red Palm Weevil
A phyto-sanitary team from ECOVIVEIROS Garden Centre, was called out after concerns from a worried client that their majestic palm tree (a Phoenix Canariensis, 8mtrs tall), was showing extreme signs of wilting and distress. On examination, it was discovered to be slowly dying due to an infestation of Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus), an extremely preoccupying situation, as this shows that this pest which originated in India in 1891, and has over the last two centuries, been found in Egypt, Arabian Gulf countries, Spain (2004) has now arrived to Portugal, most notably, Albufeira and Silves area in the Algarve.
The Red Palm Weevil is the most dangerous and deadly pest of Date, Coconut, Oil, Sago and other Palms. There is no cure, only prevention.
Until the 1970´s, the pest was found only in the tropics.
Since then it has destroyed the following:
1984 - Arabian Emirates – 200,000 palms
1987 - Saudi Arabia – 200,000 palms
1993 - Egypt – 270,000 palms
1995 - Malaga – 2000 palms
2004 - Valencia – 220 palms
This is an extremely worrying situation, as a large proportion of this insect arriving to the European continent is due to the importation of palm trees from Egypt, where 22 out of 26 regions of the country are affected by the red palm weevil. In Spain, in 2004, an embargo was declared, prohibiting the sale of Valencian palm trees, which is the capital of Palm tree production in Europe.
The transport of palms from already infected areas has contributed to the spread of this pest. Strict quarantine at international and national levels should be applied.
The weevil, of which in adult stage can be recognised by its very reddish, orange colour, commences flight when temperatures reach between 25º - 40º. It dislikes light, therefore it is difficult to detect, as it buries itself into the interior of the palm tree, where the female then lays between 200 – 300 eggs, which are the size of a grain of rice.
All stages (life cycle) are spent inside the palm. After the female lays the eggs, they hatch in 2-5 days into larvae (1.4cms in length), which then feed on the soft interior tissues of the palm. This larval period varies between 1-3 months, where the larvae then pupate inside an oval, cylindrical cocoon, made from fibrous strands, and dark brown in colour. After about 14 – 21 days, the adult weevil emerges.
There is no effective biological cure for this pest. The best method is preventative. The crowns of palm trees should be cleaned regularly, to prevent the accumulation of dead and decaying leaves. Avoid cuts and injuries to the palm. When cutting green leaves, cut them about 120cm away from the base. All dead palms or palms beyond recovery should be cut and burned to eradicate the pest inside.
The weevils can also be trapped by luring them into a trap bucket called a “Saudi Trap.” This is a 15lt bucket with sturdy walls with a 4cm diameter opening which contains a 5cm solution of water, sugar and a carbolic based insecticide and pieces of palm stem. This is then fixed to the trunk of the palm about 1.5m from the base. This pest is extremely difficult to detect without a thorough examination of the tree. We can be alerted to its presence by a sad, wilting appearance of the palm and new leaves showing a reddish colour.
have a team on hand to deal with all enquiries, and have already alerted the Ministry of Agriculture, where they are working in close conjunction to devise a plan on the controlling of this pest.
during the Summer of 1991. It is currently being renewed and modernized to keep up with an expanding and competitive market. produces most of the plants for sale in its garden center. Other than ornamental shrubs, ornamental trees, a wide variety of fruit trees, annuals, indoor plants, cacti, tropical plants, palm trees, rosebushes, seasonal plants, climbers and others, we also market compost for pots and garden, pine bark, peats and organic as well as specific chemical fertilizers, plastic, glazed and terracota pots.este viveiro passou a fazer parte da durante o Verão de 1991. Neste momento está a ser renovado e modernizado para poder dar resposta a um mercado competitivo e em expansão. produz a maior parte das plantas à venda no seu garden center. Para além de arbustos e árvores ornamentais, uma grande variedade de árvores de fruto, anuais, plantas de interior, cactos, plantas tropicais, palmeiras, roseiras, plantas de época, trepadeiras e outras, também comercializamos composto para vasos e jardim, casca de pinheiro, turfas, fertilizantes químicos e naturais, e vasos de terracota e plástico.
SCHEDULEHORÁRIO
Monday to Friday: Open from 8am to 1pm and from 2pm to 6pm. Closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. Segunda a Sexta: Aberto das 8h00 às 13h00 e das 14h00 às 18h00. Encerrado Sábado, Domingo e Feriados.
Ecossistemas leads the market in garden maintenance and garden services. Skilled gardeners with all the the necessary tools for professional work offer you a wide range of services always with outstanding results. Our regular garden maintenance costumers benefit from a weekly gardening service on a fixed schedule - every week the job gets done on the same day at the same time. Other casual garden services can be scheduled in advance. A ecossistemas lidera o mercado em manutenção de jardim e serviços de jardinagem. Jardineiros profissionais munidos com todas a ferramentas necessárias oferecem-lhe um vasto leque de serviços sempre com os melhores resultados. Os nossos clientes habituais beneficiam de uma manutenção de jardim semanal num horário fixo - todas as semanas os serviços são prestados no mesmo dia à mesma hora. Outros serviços de jardinagem casuais podem ser marcados com antecedência.
SOME OF OUR SERVICES INCLUDE:ALGUNS DOS NOSSOS SERVIÇOS INCLUEM:
•Palm tree treatment against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil)
•Pine tree treatment against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Pine Processionary)
•Lawn treatment against Spodoptera cilium (Lawn Caterpillar) and other lawn pests/diseases
•Lawn verticut
•Pruning or removal of big trees or palm trees
•Irrigation system revision
arvores .centro de jardinagem, projectos de jardins
arqitectura paisagistica algarve ,garden centre algarve
•Tratamento de palmeiras contra Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Escaravelho da Palmeira)
•Tratamento de pinheiros contra Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Processionária do Pinheiro)
•Tratamento de relvados contra Spodoptera cilium (Lagarta da Relva) e outras pragas/doenças
•Escarificação de relvados
•Poda ou remoção de árvores ou palmeiras de grandes dimensões
•Revisão de sistemas de rega
,ECOSSISTEMAS e oLIVEIRAS DE PORTUGAL COM A ECOVIVEIROOS pela sua actividade. O proprietário dos conhecidos viveiros ECOSSISTEMAS tem vindo a ganhar crescente notoriedade, por força do seu profissionalismo e pela forma apaixonada como defende as suas causas..E a mais importante de todas é, sem dúvida, a preservação das oliveiras portuguesas, consideradas por OLIVEIRAS DE PORTUGAL como uma das “espécies mais fantásticas da paisagem mediterrânica”. Lamenta que esta árvore não esteja protegida pela legislação nacional e seja, hoje em dia, preterida nos jardins portugueses por palmeiras ou buganvílias, estranhas ao nosso ambiente natural e que necessitam, inclusive, de mais manutenção e grandes quantidades de água.E a que se deve este desencanto por uma das árvores seculares da nossaflora. ECOSSISTMAS aponta, por um lado, a mentalidade das pessoas, rendidas às espécies exóticas, e por outro o desleixo com que as árvores autóctones – de que as oliveiras fazem parte - são tratadas. O trabalho é mal feito desde o início, a árvore não é bem trabalhada”, observa. “Há muitos particulares que desistem de comprar oliveiras,porque as vêm sem qualidade plantadas pelas câmaras municipais em rotundas. São árvores muito feias, porque foram mal podadas, e isso influencia negativamente as pessoas”. Admite que as contenções orçamentais acabem porcondicionar a compra de árvores mais bem cuidadas por parte das autarquias, mas aponta as vantagens desta espécie. Não precisa de água, é muito resistente e até dá frutos.,Designing a garden with ECOSSITEMAS means introducing the concepts of good garden planning to achieve the most practical and aesthetically pleasing results, taking account of the natural environment and eliminating unnecessary water consumption wherever possible.After first contact with Natura and a visit to the garden or site, a plan is prepared to show how the transformation, whether big or small, will be carried out. Using hand sketched layouts and computer
generated plans for every element - such as irrigation, lighting, levelling, planting and unusual features - our multi-lingual staff can explain the works required and agree the desired final effect with the client.An estimate is prepared detailing every plant that will be introduced; the cost of saving and transplanting certain plants where required, and the cost of labour, machinery and extra materials. To present ideas and estimates, a nominal fee is made for complex projects requiring detailed architectural expertise from our in-house designers. For smaller projects, our qualified gardeners can provide free preliminary quotes.A typical project would include the following stages
,Plantas ornamentais e florestais. Árvores de fruto projectos, construção e manutenção de jardins,Projectos e instalação de sistemas de rega ,Calçada, Carvão e lenha, Lagos e cascatas, Materiais de construção, Muros, Pedra decorativa, Relva em tapete ,Serviços, Abate de árvores, Camiões, Escavações, Terraplanagem,Limpeza de terrenos. Terraplanagem e escavações. Aluguer de máquinas. Camiões. Construção civil. Materiais de construção,Pavimentos. Calçada. Pedra regional. Pedra rolada. Lage,Muros. Carvão. Cascas de pinho. Tratamento de palmeiras. ,Limpeza e abate de árvores. Sulipas,Terra,Limpeza de terrenos, terraplanagem e escavações,Aluguer de maquinas,Construção e renovação de jardins,Construção de lagos e cascatas,Construção de muros,Construção Civil,Venda de pedras decorativas,regionais,roladas e lage,de jardim,ECOSSISTEMAS é uma empresa capaz de responder com eficácia a qualquer necessidade no âmbito da construção e manutenção de jardins e espaços verdes. A ECOSSISTEMAS trabalha com um conjunto de fornecedores de materiais para construção de Jardins. Esta empresa não funciona apenas como empreiteira de jardins, mas como consultora de todo o tipo de espaços verdes. Fazemos a Plantas ornamentais e florestais. Árvores de fruto projectos, construção e manutenção de jardins,Projectos e instalação de sistemas de rega ,Calçada, Carvão e lenha, Lagos e cascatas, Materiais de construção, Muros, Pedra decorativa, Relva em tapete ,Serviços, Abate de árvores, Camiões, Escavações, Terraplanagem,Limpeza de terrenos. Terraplanagem e escavações. Aluguer de máquinas. Camiões. Construção civil. Materiais de construção,Pavimentos. Calçada. Pedra regional. Pedra rolada. Lage,Muros. Carvão. Cascas de pinho. Tratamento de palmeiras. ,Limpeza e abate de árvores. Sulipas,Terra,Limpeza de terrenos, terraplanagem e escavações,Aluguer de maquinas,Construção e renovação de jardins,Construção de lagos e cascatas,Construção de muros,Construção Civil,Venda de pedras decorativas,regionais,roladas e lage,de jardim
Images #10 & #11 are new to me.
Check out the 3 other photos of this poster offer folded and unfolded. Please add comments if anyone can shed light on the missing names or dates.
Check out my various "sets" on Flickr for posters or billboards of many of these images in my collection. On this page, designs #9, 10, 11 & 13 are missing from my collection in one size or another.
#9, "Hang Un" by Barry Zaid, 19xx
#10, "Shine Un", by [Barry Zaid ???], 19xx
#11, "Buy A Merry Can", by Jacqui Morgan, 19xx
#12, "Un Un & Away", by Ed George, 1970
#13, "The Un Also Rises", by Barry Zaid, 19xx
#14, "[Butterfly & Bottle]", by Pat Dypold, 1969
#15, "Wet Un Wild", by Ed George, 1969
Offered for the model years of 2010 to 2014, the 2nd Generation Honda Insight‘s advantage over others was price.
As far as this car’s shape, Honda stated that it was designed to be “clearly identifiable as a hybrid.” To many, it looked a lot like the second-generation Toyota Prius.
Sarasa with Figures, Birds, and Fantastic Animals India (c. 1680-1700) Cotton Textile (painted resist and mordant, dyed); 69.9 x 34.9 cm. This extremely rare sarasa—Indian painted cotton produced for the Japanese market—offers an Indian version of an Oriental fantasy. The unparalleled design includes whimsical figures and fanciful creatures in a lush forest. In each repeat, figures carry palanquins (covered litters) and hold umbrella canopies. The dark ground evokes late seventeenth-century Chinese lacquer screens. Its overtly Oriental flavor represents an Indian interpretation of chinoiserie, which itself developed from European reinterpretations of motifs found on decorative art objects imported from China. -The Metropolitan Museum of Art
When couples dream of their perfect wedding destination abroad, their vision often includes escaping to a far-away place that offers all of the charms one could possibly desire for their Religious or Civil Ceremony.
So, if you're looking at celebrating your wedding in Sicily, Taormina is a good choice.Taormina's beauty is uncontested.Some cities are known for their art treasures, others for their natural beauties; only a few, like Taormina, own both.Visitors to this magical yet relatively undiscovered island, leave with its images of sheer beauty, its cultural simplicity, the passion and warmth of the people and historical delights etched permanently in their memories.Within its ancient stone gates, the old town has fascinating archeological monuments and medieval homes like Palazzo Santo Stefano (where civil weddings are held). Magnificent views of the sea complete the picture.The most famous is the view overlooking the Greco-Roman amphitheatre; with Mount Etna and the sea in the background.
The city is located on a cliff top overlooking the deep blue of the never ending horizon reflected in a clear turquoise sea which surrounds the bays and beaches.In fact it is Sicily's number one tourist resort, boasting magnificent scenery, architecture and great local cuisine.It's no wonder tourists flock to Taormina every year. Its rich culture and crystal clear sea and views of Mount Etna create a magical atmosphere.Taormina has endlessly winding medieval streets and tiny passages, each with its own secrets. Some of these intriguing places are secluded gardens hidden by stone walls; others are set on terraces overlooking the coast or in more public but equally pleasant squares.Taormina is beautiful by day but in the evenings its atmosphere is simply enchanting, whether you stroll the illuminated streets or indulge in the view of the coast over an authentic Sicilian dinner.Taormina's ancient Greek splendor, medieval charm and unique views will leave you with a lasting impression of Sicily.The climate is mild even in the winter, where it feels like eternal spring time. Its air is filled with the scent of orange and lemon blossoms.Steal away on an island retreat in beautiful Sicily, as it offers a taste of the traditional with a delicate touch of the exotic.There are several charming churches here in which to have a Catholic wedding, as well as Taormina's city hall for civil weddings, which takes an exquisitely charming medieval mood.Taormina's regal Norman Byzantine, Romanesque and Baroque churches offer a beautiful venue for a religious wedding.Couples may choose to exchange their wedding vows in any of these spectacular locations!The whole Taormina experience leaves visitors breathless and enthusiastic to plan their dream wedding here.
Make the dream come true for you...
Taormina is a comune and small town on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy, in the Province of Messina, about midway between Messina and Catania. Taormina has been a very popular tourist destination since the 19th century. It has popular beaches (accessible via an aerial tramway) on the Ionian sea, which is remarkably warm and has a high salt content. Taormina can be reached via highways from Messina from the north and Catania .Just south of Taormina is the Isola Bella, a nature reserve. Tours of the Capo Sant' Andrea grottos are also available. Taormina is built on an extremely hilly coast, and is approximately a forty-five minute drive away from Europe's largest active volcano, Mount Etna.A stay at Taormina is not just a seaside vacation. This area, rich in charm and history, must be experienced in a spirit that is outside the ordinary, and for one simple reason: here, everything is extraordinary. Every stone is a thousand-year-old piece of history, the glorious sea reflects Taormina's beauty, as it shapes and marks the passage of time, and the places that enchanted the Greeks create to this day a vibrant and exciting ambiance. But trying to describe in words what makes Taormina unique is truly difficult.
Taormina ist eine Stadt mit 11.076 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2010) an der Ostküste Siziliens. Die Gründung der Stadt geht auf die Sikuler zurück, die schon vor der griechischen Kolonisation auf den Terrassen des Monte Tauro siedelten. Im 4. Jahrhundert vor Christus wurde die Stadt griechisch. Die heutige Stadt ist eine Neugründung aus dem Mittelalter, nachdem die Araber die antike Stadt zerstört hatten.Auf Grund der malerischen Landschaft, des milden Klimas und zahlreicher historischer Sehenswürdigkeiten entwickelte sich die Stadt im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert zu einem der wichtigsten Touristenzentren Siziliens. Besonders bekannt und sehenswert sind das antike Theater mit Blick auf den Ätna und den Golf von Giardini-Naxos und die kleine Insel Isola Bella vor der Küste Taorminas.
Taormina (griego antiguo Ταυρομένιον, Tauromenion, latín Tauromenium) es una ciudad situada en la costa este de la isla de Sicilia (Italia), en la provincia de Mesina, a medio camino entre Mesina y Catania. Cuenta con 10.991 habitantes.Está casi en el límite de la provincia de Catania, se extiende por el monte Tauro, a 200 m de altitud, y se halla en un balcón sobre el mar, enfrente del volcán Etna. Es un centro turístico muy importante desde el siglo XIX.Posee magníficas playas (accesibles mediante teleférico) y un patrimonio histórico muy rico, cuyo máximo exponente es el célebre teatro greco-romano. Además, se conserva un castillo árabe, que ocupa el lugar de la antigua ciudadela o Arx.Taormina y el volcán Etna al fondo, desde el teatro griego.La ciudad fue fundada por los griegos en el 736 a. C., con el nombre de Naxos.La leyenda cuenta que los marinos griegos que pasaban por la costa oriental de Sicilia olvidaron realizar sacrificios en honor a Poseidón, y él, encolerizado, les hizo naufragar. El único superviviente, Teocles, llegó al Capo Schico, próximo a Naxos, y volvió a Grecia para contar las maravillas de Sicilia, convenciendo a sus compatriotas para instalarse en la isla.
Taormine, en italien Taormina, est une commune de la province de Messine en Sicile (Italie).Taormine est située sur la côte est de la Sicile, à peu près à mi-chemin entre Messine et Catane (50 km), presque à la limite de la province de Catane.Elle s’étend sur le Mont Tauro à 200 m d’altitude. La ville est en balcon sur la mer face à l’Etna. La Calabre, distante d'environ 30 km, est visible par temps clair ainsi que la nuit.La légende dit que des marins grecs, passant sur la côte orientale de la Sicile, avaient oublié de sacrifier à Neptune. Celui-ci, en colère, fit chavirer leur embarcation. Le seul survivant, Théocle, parvint au Cap Schiso, non loin du site de Naxos (aujourd'hui Giardini-Naxos). Il retourna ensuite en Grèce pour narrer à ses compatriotes les merveilles de la Sicile. Certains, convaincus, décidèrent de venir s’y installer.
Taormina è un comune di 10.991 abitanti della provincia di Messina. E' uno dei centri balneari di maggiore rilievo di tutta la regione. Il suo aspetto, il suo paesaggio, i suoi luoghi, le sue bellezze riescono ad attirare turisti provenienti da tutto il mondo.Situata su una collina a 206 m di altezza sul livello del mare , sospesa tra rocce e mare su un terrazzo del monte Tauro, in uno scenario di bellezze naturali unico per varietà e contrasti di motivi , splendore di colori e lussureggiante vegetazione.Il clima è dolcemente mite.Molto belle le mezze stagioni , Primavera e Autunno infatti vantano un clima idealmente mite.La storia di Taormina è sicuramente costellata da molteplici dominazioni, e questo è possibile vederlo passeggiando per le strade del centro storico che mostrano i segni lasciati dai vari popoli passati per Taomina. Essendo situata al centro del mediterraneo la Sicilia fu sempre una preda ambita per la sua posizione strategica di passaggio,situata sulla parte est e in posizione fortificata su una collina permetteva già da allora di controllare buona parte della costa ionica e ha sempre rappresentato un ottimo punto di fortificazione e controllo nelle stradegie di guerra. Dopo aver attestato l'esistenza di una sede di siculi ( antichi abitanti dell'isola, detti anche sicani) presso Taormina, per certo vi passarono e vi lasciarono le loro tracce I Greci, i Romani, i Saraceni, dunque gli Arabi, i Bizantini ,I Normanni , Gli Aragonesi , e per ultimi i Borboni.Un soggiorno a Taormina non è semplicemente una vacanza al mare. Questi luoghi, pregni di storia e di fascino, chiedono infatti di essere vissuti con uno spirito diverso da quello comune e la ragione è semplice: qui tutto è fuori dall'ordinario.Ogni pietra reca in sé una storia millenaria, il mare meraviglioso su cui Taormina riflette tutta la sua bellezza, condiziona e scandisce lo scorrere del tempo ed i luoghi che furono l'incanto dei greci trasmettono tutt'oggi un'atmosfera vibrante di emozioni. Ma tentare di descrivere con le parole ciò che rende unica Taormina è davvero difficile.
Font : Wikipedia
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgokPbsuXrw
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2na3n59torA
Thalidomide casualties offer spare limbs to German Consulate - London 02.10.2013
Thalidomide survivors protested outside the German Consulate in London's Belgrave Square against the German government's 42-year long protection of Grünenthal GMbH - manufacturer of Thalidomide - from prosecution by any victims of the infamous drug which was administered to pregnant women as a cure for morning sickness, but which caused terrible birth deformities in over 10,000 babies worldwide, many of whom died agonising deaths.
The German government passed a special law in 1971 which gives the drug manufacturer immunity from any prosecution by victims of Thalidomide, even though Grünenthal's victims have needed a lifetime of support which has instead been paid for by taxpayers of the countries in which they were born.
Though various Grünenthal senior officials have verbally apologised over the past few years, the company still refuses point blank to pay compensation for the enduring human misery they have caused, and it is alarming to hear that Thalidomide is now being dished out in Brazil as an effective treatment for Leprosy. Though Thalidomide is proving to be very effective, the problem is that unscrupulous doctors and pharmacists in Brazil are not ensuring women are not pregnant before issuing the drug. As a consequence, the horrors of Thalidomide has been unleashed on the favelas, and Grünenthal know they will continue to be unfairly protected by their government.
Grünenthal has never paid a penny of compensation to its victims in Australia, Sweden, Canada or the United Kingdom.
For more information, please visit Thalidomide Trust or their campaign website ShowYourHand where you can show your support.
All photos © 2013 Pete Riches
Do not reproduce, alter, re-transmit or blog my images without my written permission. I remain at all times the copyright owner of this image.
Media buyers and publications can access this story on Demotix
Standard industry rates apply.
Hi-Res, un-watermarked versions of these files are available on application solely at my discretion
If you want to use any image found in my Flickr Photostream, please Email me directly.
Thalidomide casualties offer spare limbs to German Consulate - London 02.10.2013
Thalidomide survivors protested outside the German Consulate in London's Belgrave Square against the German government's 42-year long protection of Grünenthal GMbH - manufacturer of Thalidomide - from prosecution by any victims of the infamous drug which was administered to pregnant women as a cure for morning sickness, but which caused terrible birth deformities in over 10,000 babies worldwide, many of whom died agonising deaths.
The German government passed a special law in 1971 which gives the drug manufacturer immunity from any prosecution by victims of Thalidomide, even though Grünenthal's victims have needed a lifetime of support which has instead been paid for by taxpayers of the countries in which they were born.
Though various Grünenthal senior officials have verbally apologised over the past few years, the company still refuses point blank to pay compensation for the enduring human misery they have caused, and it is alarming to hear that Thalidomide is now being dished out in Brazil as an effective treatment for Leprosy. Though Thalidomide is proving to be very effective, the problem is that unscrupulous doctors and pharmacists in Brazil are not ensuring women are not pregnant before issuing the drug. As a consequence, the horrors of Thalidomide has been unleashed on the favelas, and Grünenthal know they will continue to be unfairly protected by their government.
Grünenthal has never paid a penny of compensation to its victims in Australia, Sweden, Canada or the United Kingdom.
For more information, please visit Thalidomide Trust or their campaign website ShowYourHand where you can show your support.
All photos © 2013 Pete Riches
Do not reproduce, alter, re-transmit or blog my images without my written permission. I remain at all times the copyright owner of this image.
Media buyers and publications can access this story on Demotix
Standard industry rates apply.
Hi-Res, un-watermarked versions of these files are available on application solely at my discretion
If you want to use any image found in my Flickr Photostream, please Email me directly.
ENAI SWIM offers swimming and survival skills lessons for babies and young children with real results in as little as 4 weeks. Lessonsn offered in Thibodaux and Houma, Louisiana.
ENAI ofrece clases de natacion y sobrevivencia en el agua a bebes y niños con resultados reales en tan poco como 4 semanas. Las clases las damos en Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
The New Bell Inn was originally founded on this site in the late 1850s and offered food and accommodation to the weary traveller along with stabling for their transport if required. The landlord also sold a range of groceries from the premises with the ale on offer proving popular with local fishermen who made their way inland via a pathway, part of which still exists in a more formal form, as Fishermans Walk..
If we think of what Pokesdown would have been like at this time we can see that it was about to enter a new phase in it's development.
Once, all that stood here was a small farm on the side of the Stour Valley, overlooking the small villages of Iford and Wick .
In 1766 Stourfield House was built here which encouraged a bit more growth but the area still remained essentially a small rural community in the middle of nowhere.
In the 1830s there were enough people in the vicinity to warrant the building of a small independent chapel but it wasn't until the latter half of the 1850s that things really began to take off when a more substantial chapel was built, the foundation stone of St James's Church was laid and some new roads and building plots were put up for sale. Also around this time the railway would have been sniffing around with plans to bring trains to the fast developing nearby Bournemouth although this didn't become a reality until 1870.
In relation to the New Bell Inn, at the time it first opened there would have been the established New Inn at Iford, now the Iford Bridge Pub, and the Ragged Cat at Boscombe that became the Palmerston Arms, built a few years earlier, and not forgetting the Three Horseshoes Inn also at Pokesdown that opened a few hundred yards up the road from the New Bell Inn also in the late 1850s, which became the White Horse pub.
The original New Bell Inn is likely to have been a modest building with the majority of the present stucture dating from the 1870s or 80s, perhaps once it was known that Pokesdown was to get it's own railway station, that finally opened in 1886 directly opposite the pub and which was known as Boscombe Station for the first 11 years.
The New Bell Inn became The Bell Inn, and then The Bell in more recent years. before being renamed The Seabournes in 2009.
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..UPDATE.
Since writing the above text i have seen images of the pub that show the date 1904 on a date plaque on the end of the building. As far as i can see the date is no longer visible but might give a clue as to when the building we can see today was built.
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A [ very ] potted history of Pokesdown......
Prior to 1810 there was no town of Bournemouth. All that lay between Poole and Christchurch, themselves not the large towns they are today, was unspoilt heathland with the more fertile land of the Stour Valley to the north and east that had supported small farming communities such as Wick, Iford, Holdenhurst, Throop, Muccleshell and Ensbury for centuries.
Although these communities were centred on the individual villages, farms and smallholdings would have been scattered across the surrounding area, an example being Pokesdown Farm which, along with a few cottages for farm workers, stood on the very edge of the heath where it began to slope down on the sides of the Stour Valley overlooking Iford and Wick.
Most of the farms, smallholdings and associated cottages came and went without being recorded on maps although Pokesdown Farm is one of the few exceptions, its origins are a little lost in the mists of time, some claim to have traced it back to 1580 although it was certainly there in the 1660s.
In 1766 when Edmond Bott had a large home called Stourfield House built at Pokesdown [ see seperate images and set for further info ] which at the time would have been in the middle of nowhere and perhaps a very unlikely place to want to build a house.
Stourfield House would no doubt have been a catalyst for more development at Pokesdown if only in the form of cottages for those drawn there by the employment opportunities such a relatively large house and grounds would bring to an impoverished rural community. It is likely that the former Pokesdown Farm morphed into Stourfield Farm in connection with the house.
The last two remaining old thatched cottages, known as 'Lily of the Valley Cottages' and being at least 200 years old, were demolished in the latter 1960s when Appletree Close was created, and with their passing went the last ties with the area's rural past.
The building of Stourfield House predates the official birth of Bournemouth in 1810 by some 44 years and except for the modest Bourne Tregonwell estate that remained all but unknown to the outside world, the first notable development to take place, and what really sparked the development of the town of Bournemouth was Sir George Gervis' 'Marine Village of Bourne' in the mid to late 1830s.
As Bournemouth began to expand around the mouth of the Bourne Stream in today's town centre the community of Pokesdown also continued to grow.
Bournemouth expanded its boundaries to take in neighbouring areas such as the fledgling Boscombe in 1876 and Westbourne in 1884 but Pokesdown, that had a chapel built in 1835, followed by a church, a couple of pubs, two blacksmiths, two schools, laundries and, in 1886 , a railway station, and who's population had grown from 171 in 1861, 867 in 1871 to almost 4500 in 1893, became an urban district that allowed it to govern itself on a local level but ultimately Pokesdown became part of the fast expanding Bournemouth in 1901.
Originally Pokesdown covered a larger area than it does today, reaching to the coast and a lot further into Boscombe. Twenty first century Pokesdown is a densely built up area with busy main roads and side streets clogged with parked cars, a problem that blights the modern world.
Stood outside Pokesdown Station with our back to the entrance i suppose we'd class Pokesdown as covering Christchurch Rd to the right towards Boscombe up to the junction with Parkwood Rd, Christchurch Rd to the left going over the railway bridge and along to the brow of what is called Pokesdown Hill that actually runs through an area that prefers to call itself Boscombe East on its way to Iford, and Seabourne Rd opposite until it meets Southbourne Grove.
The area boasts an interesting variety of architecture but has seen some buildings replaced by blocks of flats and tenement houses which is understandable if older properties, though full of character, don't meet the needs of modern society. It's a problem that needs to be managed carefully and is by no means one unique to Bournemouth and is being experienced across the country.
At the time of writing some traders and residents are involved in promoting Pokesdown as Bournemouth's 'vintage quarter'. a destination for independent shops as well as those offering a wider range of goods and services, in a bid to raise the area's profile.
The green on the corner of Christchurch Rd and Seabourne Rd next to the Seabournes Pub and directly opposite the railway station is being transformed with borders of flowers and an information board that highlights the area's history, with the aid of a £22,000 Lottery grant..
FURTHER READING.
www.pokesdown.org/history/PokesdownPast/04_Village_Starts...
Click on the 'history' tag to read J A Young's 'Pokesdown's Past'.
Pokesdown and Neighbourhood 1895 - 1910. A memoir by E G Wills A Bournemouth Local Studies Publication.
ECOSISTEMAS Services is the only owner-operated
and supervised specialist arboricultural company
serving the whole of the Algarve .
With over 20 years experience in the tree care
industry, we are able to offer a wide range of
arboricultural services.
From simple pruning jobs to major crown reduction
and felling work through to stump grinding, we are
fully equipped with professional machinery and
qualified, experienced staff in order to provide you
or your clients with a quality service.
.
Telephone or e-mail for a consultancy to examine the best proposals and ideas for the treatment of your trees. ecossistemas é a única firma especializada em Arboricultura dirigida e operada pelo próprio dono na região do Algarve.
Com mais de 20 anos de experiência na indústria de cuidados de árvores, podemos oferecer uma larga gama de serviços em arboriculturas.
Da poda simples, redução extensiva da coroa, cortagem, e até trituração de resíduos verdes, estamos bem equipados com maquinaria profissional, pessoal qualificados e experiente para oferecer ao Sr. ou aos seus clientes um serviço de qualidade.
Telefone ou escreva um e-mail para uma visita de consulta sem compromisso para examinar as melhores propostas ou ideias no tratamento das suas árvores.
arvores .centro de Jardinagem,projectos de jardins ,arqitectura paisagistica algarve ,garden centre algarve Inspection
We can advise how best to care
for your trees, determining what
is necessary to maintain or improve
the health, appearance and safety.
We issue fixed-price quotations,
not estimates, for any required work.
Brushwood Chipper Service
All prunings are cleared using
heavy-duty wood chippers in order
that the work areas are left in a neat and tidy condition.
These machines, with an operator are
available for hire at an hourly r
Felling and Dismantling
If it is necessary or desirable to remove
a tree, we have the equipment and expertise to dismantle it safely. We specialise in the removal of trees from awkward areas such
as adjacent to swimming pools and buildings or when they are in close proximity to overhead cables.
Abates e Desmontagens
Stump Grinding
After felling, our clients can choose to have
the tree stump removed by us using
professional stump grinding machinery.
Or if you have unsightly stumps from
previously felled trees, we can grind
them out and reinstate your lawn.
Remoção dos Tocos
Specialist Pruning including Fruit Trees
With over 20 years experience, we have
the expertise and equipment to carry out
all aspects of tree pruning, particularly where technical knowledge is required in order to maximise crop production or improve the health and appearance.
Poda Especializado
Tree-Pest Treatment ,Control Diseases especialized team for control and detection of diseases or plague, which can be detected in every kind of plants in your garden.
If you need further information, contact us! (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus)Pine Trees Caterpillar
The annual infestation of Pine Trees (Pinus Pinea) by the processionary caterpillar begins to take effect in the end of summer.
This pest, which is found mainly in Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, causes extreme damage to the pine trees and also worrying skin irritations on humans and animals.
ECOSSISTEMAS has devised a biological product composed of bacteria, “Bacillus Thuringiensis”, which has no toxicity to people and the environment.
It is advisable that this treatment is initiated in the autumn to prevent the caterpillar from hatching in January and causing maximum damage.
If you are interested in treating your pine trees then please do not hesitate to contact us.Red Palm Weevil
A phyto-sanitary team from ECOVIVEIROS Garden Centre, was called out after concerns from a worried client that their majestic palm tree (a Phoenix Canariensis, 8mtrs tall), was showing extreme signs of wilting and distress. On examination, it was discovered to be slowly dying due to an infestation of Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus), an extremely preoccupying situation, as this shows that this pest which originated in India in 1891, and has over the last two centuries, been found in Egypt, Arabian Gulf countries, Spain (2004) has now arrived to Portugal, most notably, Albufeira and Silves area in the Algarve.
The Red Palm Weevil is the most dangerous and deadly pest of Date, Coconut, Oil, Sago and other Palms. There is no cure, only prevention.
Until the 1970´s, the pest was found only in the tropics.
Since then it has destroyed the following:
1984 - Arabian Emirates – 200,000 palms
1987 - Saudi Arabia – 200,000 palms
1993 - Egypt – 270,000 palms
1995 - Malaga – 2000 palms
2004 - Valencia – 220 palms
This is an extremely worrying situation, as a large proportion of this insect arriving to the European continent is due to the importation of palm trees from Egypt, where 22 out of 26 regions of the country are affected by the red palm weevil. In Spain, in 2004, an embargo was declared, prohibiting the sale of Valencian palm trees, which is the capital of Palm tree production in Europe.
The transport of palms from already infected areas has contributed to the spread of this pest. Strict quarantine at international and national levels should be applied.
The weevil, of which in adult stage can be recognised by its very reddish, orange colour, commences flight when temperatures reach between 25º - 40º. It dislikes light, therefore it is difficult to detect, as it buries itself into the interior of the palm tree, where the female then lays between 200 – 300 eggs, which are the size of a grain of rice.
All stages (life cycle) are spent inside the palm. After the female lays the eggs, they hatch in 2-5 days into larvae (1.4cms in length), which then feed on the soft interior tissues of the palm. This larval period varies between 1-3 months, where the larvae then pupate inside an oval, cylindrical cocoon, made from fibrous strands, and dark brown in colour. After about 14 – 21 days, the adult weevil emerges.
There is no effective biological cure for this pest. The best method is preventative. The crowns of palm trees should be cleaned regularly, to prevent the accumulation of dead and decaying leaves. Avoid cuts and injuries to the palm. When cutting green leaves, cut them about 120cm away from the base. All dead palms or palms beyond recovery should be cut and burned to eradicate the pest inside.
The weevils can also be trapped by luring them into a trap bucket called a “Saudi Trap.” This is a 15lt bucket with sturdy walls with a 4cm diameter opening which contains a 5cm solution of water, sugar and a carbolic based insecticide and pieces of palm stem. This is then fixed to the trunk of the palm about 1.5m from the base. This pest is extremely difficult to detect without a thorough examination of the tree. We can be alerted to its presence by a sad, wilting appearance of the palm and new leaves showing a reddish colour.
have a team on hand to deal with all enquiries, and have already alerted the Ministry of Agriculture, where they are working in close conjunction to devise a plan on the controlling of this pest.
during the Summer of 1991. It is currently being renewed and modernized to keep up with an expanding and competitive market. produces most of the plants for sale in its garden center. Other than ornamental shrubs, ornamental trees, a wide variety of fruit trees, annuals, indoor plants, cacti, tropical plants, palm trees, rosebushes, seasonal plants, climbers and others, we also market compost for pots and garden, pine bark, peats and organic as well as specific chemical fertilizers, plastic, glazed and terracota pots.este viveiro passou a fazer parte da durante o Verão de 1991. Neste momento está a ser renovado e modernizado para poder dar resposta a um mercado competitivo e em expansão. produz a maior parte das plantas à venda no seu garden center. Para além de arbustos e árvores ornamentais, uma grande variedade de árvores de fruto, anuais, plantas de interior, cactos, plantas tropicais, palmeiras, roseiras, plantas de época, trepadeiras e outras, também comercializamos composto para vasos e jardim, casca de pinheiro, turfas, fertilizantes químicos e naturais, e vasos de terracota e plástico.
SCHEDULEHORÁRIO
Monday to Friday: Open from 8am to 1pm and from 2pm to 6pm. Closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. Segunda a Sexta: Aberto das 8h00 às 13h00 e das 14h00 às 18h00. Encerrado Sábado, Domingo e Feriados.
Ecossistemas leads the market in garden maintenance and garden services. Skilled gardeners with all the the necessary tools for professional work offer you a wide range of services always with outstanding results. Our regular garden maintenance costumers benefit from a weekly gardening service on a fixed schedule - every week the job gets done on the same day at the same time. Other casual garden services can be scheduled in advance. A ecossistemas lidera o mercado em manutenção de jardim e serviços de jardinagem. Jardineiros profissionais munidos com todas a ferramentas necessárias oferecem-lhe um vasto leque de serviços sempre com os melhores resultados. Os nossos clientes habituais beneficiam de uma manutenção de jardim semanal num horário fixo - todas as semanas os serviços são prestados no mesmo dia à mesma hora. Outros serviços de jardinagem casuais podem ser marcados com antecedência.
SOME OF OUR SERVICES INCLUDE:ALGUNS DOS NOSSOS SERVIÇOS INCLUEM:
•Palm tree treatment against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil)
•Pine tree treatment against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Pine Processionary)
•Lawn treatment against Spodoptera cilium (Lawn Caterpillar) and other lawn pests/diseases
•Lawn verticut
•Pruning or removal of big trees or palm trees
•Irrigation system revision
arvores .centro de jardinagem, projectos de jardins
arqitectura paisagistica algarve ,garden centre algarve
•Tratamento de palmeiras contra Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Escaravelho da Palmeira)
•Tratamento de pinheiros contra Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Processionária do Pinheiro)
•Tratamento de relvados contra Spodoptera cilium (Lagarta da Relva) e outras pragas/doenças
•Escarificação de relvados
•Poda ou remoção de árvores ou palmeiras de grandes dimensões
•Revisão de sistemas de rega
,ECOSSISTEMAS e oLIVEIRAS DE PORTUGAL COM A ECOVIVEIROOS pela sua actividade. O proprietário dos conhecidos viveiros ECOSSISTEMAS tem vindo a ganhar crescente notoriedade, por força do seu profissionalismo e pela forma apaixonada como defende as suas causas..E a mais importante de todas é, sem dúvida, a preservação das oliveiras portuguesas, consideradas por OLIVEIRAS DE PORTUGAL como uma das “espécies mais fantásticas da paisagem mediterrânica”. Lamenta que esta árvore não esteja protegida pela legislação nacional e seja, hoje em dia, preterida nos jardins portugueses por palmeiras ou buganvílias, estranhas ao nosso ambiente natural e que necessitam, inclusive, de mais manutenção e grandes quantidades de água.E a que se deve este desencanto por uma das árvores seculares da nossaflora. ECOSSISTMAS aponta, por um lado, a mentalidade das pessoas, rendidas às espécies exóticas, e por outro o desleixo com que as árvores autóctones – de que as oliveiras fazem parte - são tratadas. O trabalho é mal feito desde o início, a árvore não é bem trabalhada”, observa. “Há muitos particulares que desistem de comprar oliveiras,porque as vêm sem qualidade plantadas pelas câmaras municipais em rotundas. São árvores muito feias, porque foram mal podadas, e isso influencia negativamente as pessoas”. Admite que as contenções orçamentais acabem porcondicionar a compra de árvores mais bem cuidadas por parte das autarquias, mas aponta as vantagens desta espécie. Não precisa de água, é muito resistente e até dá frutos.,Designing a garden with ECOSSITEMAS means introducing the concepts of good garden planning to achieve the most practical and aesthetically pleasing results, taking account of the natural environment and eliminating unnecessary water consumption wherever possible.After first contact with Natura and a visit to the garden or site, a plan is prepared to show how the transformation, whether big or small, will be carried out. Using hand sketched layouts and computer
generated plans for every element - such as irrigation, lighting, levelling, planting and unusual features - our multi-lingual staff can explain the works required and agree the desired final effect with the client.An estimate is prepared detailing every plant that will be introduced; the cost of saving and transplanting certain plants where required, and the cost of labour, machinery and extra materials. To present ideas and estimates, a nominal fee is made for complex projects requiring detailed architectural expertise from our in-house designers. For smaller projects, our qualified gardeners can provide free preliminary quotes.A typical project would include the following stages
,Plantas ornamentais e florestais. Árvores de fruto projectos, construção e manutenção de jardins,Projectos e instalação de sistemas de rega ,Calçada, Carvão e lenha, Lagos e cascatas, Materiais de construção, Muros, Pedra decorativa, Relva em tapete ,Serviços, Abate de árvores, Camiões, Escavações, Terraplanagem,Limpeza de terrenos. Terraplanagem e escavações. Aluguer de máquinas. Camiões. Construção civil. Materiais de construção,Pavimentos. Calçada. Pedra regional. Pedra rolada. Lage,Muros. Carvão. Cascas de pinho. Tratamento de palmeiras. ,Limpeza e abate de árvores. Sulipas,Terra,Limpeza de terrenos, terraplanagem e escavações,Aluguer de maquinas,Construção e renovação de jardins,Construção de lagos e cascatas,Construção de muros,Construção Civil,Venda de pedras decorativas,regionais,roladas e lage,de jardim,ECOSSISTEMAS é uma empresa capaz de responder com eficácia a qualquer necessidade no âmbito da construção e manutenção de jardins e espaços verdes. A ECOSSISTEMAS trabalha com um conjunto de fornecedores de materiais para construção de Jardins. Esta empresa não funciona apenas como empreiteira de jardins, mas como consultora de todo o tipo de espaços verdes. Fazemos a Plantas ornamentais e florestais. Árvores de fruto projectos, construção e manutenção de jardins,Projectos e instalação de sistemas de rega ,Calçada, Carvão e lenha, Lagos e cascatas, Materiais de construção, Muros, Pedra decorativa, Relva em tapete ,Serviços, Abate de árvores, Camiões, Escavações, Terraplanagem,Limpeza de terrenos. Terraplanagem e escavações. Aluguer de máquinas. Camiões. Construção civil. Materiais de construção,Pavimentos. Calçada. Pedra regional. Pedra rolada. Lage,Muros. Carvão. Cascas de pinho. Tratamento de palmeiras. ,Limpeza e abate de árvores. Sulipas,Terra,Limpeza de terrenos, terraplanagem e escavações,Aluguer de maquinas,Construção e renovação de jardins,Construção de lagos e cascatas,Construção de muros,Construção Civil,Venda de pedras decorativas,regionais,roladas e lage,de jardim
•Huggies Pull-Ups training pants-night time
•2T-3T 18-34lbs or 8/15kg 26ct.
• Ask for $8/pack or best offer.
I have 11packs
Offer current as of 3 June 2021
Up to 50% discounted first or tourist class RENFE rail travel on the Spain rail network, to departure stations and from arrival stations; discount code provided for on-line self-booking. Discount depends on fare type. This is a RENFE offer, which may change without notice.
Club members with reservations booked through the Club on the Spanish luxury trains* can request transfers in regular AVE, ALVIA or LD (Long Distance) trains to the starting point of the luxury train and the return journey from the end point. *except El Expreso de la Robla.
All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.
For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -
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Imagine I offered you a choice of four gifts:
* The original Mona Lisa
* The keys to a brand new Lamborghini
* A million dollars in cash
* A parachute
You can pick only one. Which would you choose? Before you decide, here's some information that will help you to make the wisest choice: You have to jump 10,000 feet out of an airplane.
Does that help you to connect the dots? It should, because you need the parachute. It's the only one of the four gifts that will help with your dilemma. The others may have some value, but they are useless when it comes to facing the law of gravity in a 10,000-foot fall. The knowledge that you will have to jump should produce a healthy fear in you—and that kind of fear is good because it can save your life. Remember that.
Now think of the four major religions:
* Hinduism
* Buddhism
* Islam
* Christianity
Which one should you choose? Before you decide, here's some information that will help you determine which one is the wisest choice: All of humanity stands on the edge of eternity. We are all going to die. We will all have to pass through the door of death. It could happen to us in twenty years, or in six months, . . . or today. For most of humanity, death is a huge and terrifying plummet into the unknown. So what should we do?
Do you remember how it was your knowledge of the jump that produced that healthy fear, and that fear helped you to make the right choice? You know what the law of gravity can do to you. In the same way, we are going to look at another law, and hopefully your knowledge of what it can do to you will help you make the right choice, about life's greatest issue. So, stay with me—and remember to let fear work for you.
The Leap...
After we die we have to face what is called "the law of sin and death." We know that Law as "The Ten Commandments." So let's look at that Law and see how you will do when you face it on Judgment Day.
Have you loved God above all else? Is He first in your life? He should be. He's given you your life and everything that is dear to you. Do you love Him with all of your heart, soul, mind, and strength? That's the requirement of the First Commandment.
Or have you broken the Second Commandment by making a god in your mind that you're comfortable with—where you say, "My God isn't a God of wrath, he's a God of love and mercy"? That god does not exist; he's a figment of the imagination. To create a god in your mind (your own image of God) is something the Bible calls "idolatry." Idolaters will not enter Heaven.
Have you ever used God's name in vain, as a cuss word to express disgust? That's called "blasphemy," and it's very serious in God's sight. This is breaking the Third Commandment, and the Bible says God will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain.
Have you always honored your parents implicitly, and kept the Sabbath holy? If not, you have broken the Fourth and Fifth Commandments. Have you ever hated someone? The Bible says, "Whosoever hates his brother is a murderer."
The Seventh is "You shall not commit adultery," but Jesus said, "Whosoever looks on a woman to lust after her has committed adultery with her already in his heart" (the Seventh Commandment includes sex before marriage). Have you ever looked with lust or had sex outside of marriage? If you have, you've violated that Commandment. Have you ever lied? Ever stolen anything, regardless of value? If you have, then you're a lying thief. The Bible tells us, "Lying lips are abomination to the Lord," because He is a God of truth and holiness. Have you coveted (jealously desired) other people's things? This is a violation of the Tenth Commandment.
Little Jessica....
So that is God's moral Law that we each will face. We will be without excuse when we stand before God because He gave us our conscience to know right from wrong. Each time we lie, steal, commit adultery, murder, and so on, we know that it's wrong. So here is the crucial question. On Judgment Day, when God judges you, will you be found innocent or guilty of breaking this Law? Think before you answer. Will you go to Heaven or Hell? The Bible warns that all murderers, idolaters, liars, thieves, fornicators, and adulterers will end up in Hell. So where does that leave you?
Perhaps the thought of going to Hell doesn't scare you, because you don't believe in it. That's like standing in the open door of a plane 10,000 feet off the ground and saying, "I don't believe there will be any consequences if I jump without a parachute." To say that there will be no consequences for breaking God's Law is to say that God is unjust, that He is evil. This is why.
On February 24, 2005, a nine-year-old girl was reported missing from her home in Homosassa, Florida. Three weeks later, police discovered that she had been kidnapped, brutally raped, and then buried alive. Little Jessica Lunsford was found tied up, in a kneeling position, clutching a stuffed toy.
How do you react?...
How do you feel toward the man who murdered that helpless little girl in such an unspeakably cruel way? Are you angered? I hope so. I hope you are outraged. If you were completely indifferent to her fate, it would reveal something horrible about your character.
Do you think that God is indifferent to such acts of evil? You can bet your precious soul He is not. He is outraged by them. The fury of Almighty God against evil is evidence of His goodness. If He wasn't angered, He wouldn't be good. We cannot separate God's goodness from His anger. Again, if God is good by nature, He must be unspeakably angry at wickedness.
But His goodness is so great that His anger isn't confined to the evils of rape and murder. Nothing is hidden from His pure and holy eyes. He is outraged by torture, terrorism, abortion, theft, lying, adultery, fornication, pedophilia, homosexuality, and blasphemy. He also sees our thought-life, and He will judge us for the hidden sins of the heart: for lust, hatred, rebellion, greed, unclean imaginations, ingratitude, selfishness, jealousy, pride, envy, deceit, etc. Jesus warned, "But I say to you, that every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment" (emphasis added).
The Bible says that God's wrath "abides" on each of us, and that every time we sin, we're "storing up wrath" that will be revealed on Judgment Day. We are even told that we are "by nature the children of wrath" (emphasis added). Sinning against God comes naturally to us—and we naturally earn His anger by our sins.
Instant Death...
Many people believe that because God is good, He will forgive everyone, and let all sinners into Heaven. But they misunderstand His goodness.
When Moses once asked to see God's glory, God told him that he couldn't see Him and live. Moses would instantly die if he looked upon God. Consider this: [God] said, I will make all my goodness pass before you . . . And it shall come to pass, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand while I pass by.
Notice that all of God's glory was displayed in His "goodness." The goodness of God would have killed Moses instantly because of his personal sinfulness. The fire of God's goodness would have consumed him, like a cup of water dropped onto the surface of the sun. The only way any of us can stand in the presence of God is to be pure in heart. Jesus said, "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God."11 But as we've seen by looking at the Law, not a single one of us is "pure in heart."
These are extremely fearful thoughts, because the God we are speaking about is nothing like the commonly accepted image. He is not a benevolent Father-figure, who is happily smiling upon sinful humanity. In the midst of these frightening thoughts, remember to let fear work for you. The fear of God is the healthiest fear you can have. The Bible calls it "the beginning of wisdom."
Again, your knowledge of God's Law should help you to see that you have a life-threatening dilemma: a huge problem of God's wrath (His justifiable anger) against your personal sins. The just penalty for sin—breaking even one Law—is death, and eternity in Hell. But you haven't broken just one Law. Like the rest of us, you've no doubt broken all these laws, countless times each. What kind of anger do you think a judge is justified in having toward a criminal guilty of breaking the law thousands of times?
Let's See...
Let's now look at those four major religions to see if they can help you with your predicament.
Hinduism
The religion of Hinduism says that if you've been bad, you may come back as a rat or some other animal. If you've been good, you might come back as a prince. But that's like someone saying, "When you jump out of the plane, you'll get sucked back in as another passenger. If you've been bad, you go down to the Economy Class; if you've been good, you go up to First Class." It's an interesting concept, but it doesn't deal with your real problem of having sinned against God and the reality of Hell.
Buddhism
Amazingly, the religion of Buddhism denies that God even exists. It teaches that life and death are sort of an illusion. That's like standing at the door of the plane and saying, "I'm not really here, and there's no such thing as the law of gravity, and no ground that I'm going to hit." That may temporarily help you deal with your fears, but it doesn't square with reality. And it doesn't deal with your real problem of having sinned against God and the reality of Hell.
Islam
Interestingly, Islam acknowledges the reality of sin and Hell, and the justice of God, but the hope it offers is that sinners can escape God's justice if they do religious works. God will see these, and because of them, hopefully He will show mercy—but they won't know for sure. Each person's works will be weighed on the Day of Judgment and it will then be decided who is saved and who is not—based on whether they followed Islam, were sincere in repentance, and performed enough righteous deeds to outweigh their bad ones. So Islam believes you can earn God's mercy by your own efforts. That's like jumping out of the plane, and believing that flapping your arms is going to counter the law of gravity and save you from a 10,000-foot drop. And there's something else to consider.
The Law of God shows us that the best of us is nothing but a wicked criminal, standing guilty and condemned before the throne of a perfect and holy Judge. When that is understood, then our "righteous deeds" are actually seen as an attempt to bribe the Judge of the Universe. The Bible says that because of our guilt, anything we offer God for our justification (our acquittal from His courtroom) is an abomination to Him, and only adds to our crimes. Islam, like the other religions, doesn't solve your problem of having sinned against God and the reality of Hell.
Christianity
So why is Christianity different? Aren't all religions the same? Let's see. In Christianity, God Himself provided a "parachute" for us, and His Word says regarding the Savior, "Put on the Lord Jesus Christ." Just as a parachute solved your dilemma with the law of gravity and its consequences, so the Savior perfectly solves your dilemma with the Law of God and its consequences! It is the missing puzzle-piece that you need.
How did God solve our dilemma? He satisfied His wrath by becoming a human being and taking our punishment upon Himself. The Scriptures tell us that God was in Christ, reconciling the world to Himself. Christianity provides the only parachute to save us from the consequences of the Law we have transgressed
Back to the Plane...
To illustrate this more clearly, let's go back to that plane for a moment. You are standing on the edge of a 10,000-foot drop. You have to jump. Your heart is thumping in your chest. Why? Because of fear. You know that the law of gravity will kill you when you jump. Someone offers you the original Mona Lisa. You push it aside. Another person passes you the keys to a brand new Lamborghini. You let them drop to the floor. Someone else tries to put a million dollars into your hands. You push the person's hand away, and stand there in horror at your impending fate.
Suddenly, you hear a voice say, "Here's a parachute!" Which one of those four people is going to hold the most credibility in your eyes? It's the one who held up the parachute! Again, it is your fear of the jump that turns you toward the good news of the parachute.
In the same way, knowledge of what God's Law will do to you produces a fear that makes the news of a Savior unspeakably good news! It solves your predicament of God's wrath. God loves you so much that He became a sinless human being in the person of Jesus of Nazareth.
The Savior died an excruciating death on the cross, taking your punishment (the death penalty) upon Himself. The demands of eternal justice were satisfied the moment He cried, "It is finished!" The lightning of God's wrath was stopped and the thunder of His indignation was silenced at Calvary's bloodied cross: "Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us." We broke the Law, but He became a man to pay our penalty in His life's blood.
Then He rose from the dead, defeating death. That means that God can now forgive every sin you have ever committed and commute your death sentence. If you repent and place your trust in Jesus, you can say with the apostle Paul: For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death.
So you no longer need to be tormented by the fear of death, and you don't need to look any further for ways to deal with the dilemma of sin and God's wrath. The Savior is God's gift to you. The gospel is unspeakably good news for the entire, sinful human race! God Himself can "justify" you. He can cleanse you, and give you the "righteousness" of Christ. He can make you pure in heart by washing away your sins. He can shelter you from His fierce wrath, in the Rock of Ages that He has cleft for you. Only Jesus can save you from death and Hell, something that you could never earn or deserve.
Repent (Luke 13:5) of your sins (turn from them), and put on the Lord Jesus Christ (Romans 13:14) as you would put on a parachute—trusting in Him (Psalm 62:8) alone for your salvation. That means you forsake your own good works (Isaiah 64:6) as a means of trying to please God (trying to bribe Him), and trust only in what Jesus has done for you. Throw yourself on the mercy of the Judge. The Bible says that He's rich in mercy (Ephesians 2.4) to all who call upon Him, so call upon Him (Isaiah 55:6) right now. He will hear you if you approach Him (John 6:44) with a humble and sorrowful heart.
Grand restaurant offers an international cuisine and local specialities, vegetarian dishes, diet cooking, foods combined with dietary courses as well as culinary calendar. Within the Danubius Healthy Choice an assortment of healthy, light dishes and organic food is offered to all health conscious guests.
NEX offers a dazzling mix of retail, entertainment, lifestyle and food & beverage with over 360 premium tenants and brands. Tenant line-up include Isetan, FairPrice Xtra, Shaw Theatres nex, Serangoon Public Library (opening first quarter 2011), Cold Storage, Courts, Challenger, Kiddy Palace, Party World KTV, Virtualand, King & King Wong, The Pet Safari, G2000, Esprit, Cotton On, Charles & Keith and STUDIOTANGS. Shoppers can indulge in a gastronomic adventure with over 90 choices in dinning, from 2 food courts to thematic Japanese restaurants, and familiar favourites, such as Crystal Jade Kitchen, Soup Restaurant, PUTIEN, Paradise Inn and The Ship Restaurant.
Edinburgh custom built home with lots of extras! Popular plan with two master suites, one at each end. Open kitchen / living room and den or study. Wood floors through all areas except carpeted bedrooms. Well planned kitchen offers pull-outs in all lower cabinets. Large pantry. Viking cooktop and Viking double ovens. Granite counter tops. Wine fridge. All stainless steel appliances. Refrigerator will stay. Oversized two car garage with in ground storm shelter. Pergola over back patio. Rock wall with fountain feature. Edinburgh is gated with beautiful greenbelts. Community clubhouse, fitness center and pool/spa. HOA dues include front yard maintenance alarm monitoring and escrow fund for painting exteriors.
ENAI SWIM offers swimming and survival skills lessons for babies and young children with real results in as little as 4 weeks. Lessonsn offered in Thibodaux and Houma, Louisiana.
ENAI ofrece clases de natacion y sobrevivencia en el agua a bebes y niños con resultados reales en tan poco como 4 semanas. Las clases las damos en Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
Automotive Workbenches offer service departments maximum storage and workspace. Numerous benches provided by Gale's Industrial for this automotive dealer offer each Tech above the bench an aerial for storage another shelf for manuals. The workbench surface is a very thick metal guage. (check out the vise mounted on it.) below the work surface it's enclosed to create a huge storage area with a bottom shelf, middle shelf and sliding doors for locking. Our benches have a Lifetime Warranty. They're available in several free colors. Combine that with Gale's wholesale pricing and free onsite layout and quote and your good to go and half the price of the tool truck guys.
Gale's Industrial Supply
P(732)264-2000 x 300
Cretan Villa offers two fully furnished self catering apartments named "Akrolithos". Every apartment holds a name that retrieves memories.Our two charming apartments are located in the heart of Ierapetra and in-between 2 minutes walking distance to the beach. Akrolithos Apartments are ideally located in a quiet area close to the “PLATEIA” and close to bakery and shops, ideal to explore the real cretan lifestyle. Akrolithos apartments offer the comfort, privacy and flexibility of a self-catering property, together with the added benefits of hotel-type services - such as cleaning service (every three days), internet access points and reception service (in closed by Cretan Villa Hotel). Each apartment is fully furnished and supplied with household equipment such as cutlery and crockery, towels and linen.
Akrolithos Apartments are build in the typical cretan style, made of stone and wood. Each apartment consist of a bedroom with double bed, a fitted wardrobe and a separate living room with a cosy dining area and a fully equipped kitchenette. Each apartment provides an individual air condition (hot and cold). The modern marbled bathrooms are fitted with shower and hairdryer. Free WIFI access!
If you want to know more about the facilities on offer don’t hesitate to just ask us anything!!
www.cretan-villa.com/en/hotel-ierapetra-crete-akrolithos-...
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Woodworking is a terrific activity. If you are new to woodworking and seeking to drastically improve your skills, the key is education. You need to discover all of the top woodworking ideas and tricks. By discovering all of the best woodworking practices, you can prevent typical mistakes and take your abilities to the next level.
Always put your safety first when it concerns utilizing tools, discolorations and paints. The more variety you utilize, the more specifics there are about applications, tool use, times for drying, and more. Put your safety first by reading the directions, using any needed protective gear, and working in areas with great ventilation whenever utilizing oil-based products or anything that produces air contaminants.
When you are working with wood it is very important that you take your time. Being hasty leaves you open to making lots of mistakes. Instead of focusing on the amount of time it takes you to complete a task, do everything you can to keep your mind on the task at hand.
When you install your hacksaw blade, make certain the teeth face forward. They are developed to cut when pushed utilizing a forward stroke instead of a pulled stroke. Some of these blades have arrows pointing toward the deals with that show the right way to install them. Install it making certain it is tight and can not bend. When you do lots of cutting, your blade warms and expands, so make certain you tighten it before it begins bending.
Before you start any woodworking task, get all of the tools you will need for the task prepared. Always keep in mind to bring a calculator and tape measure with you when you go to buy your wood. Make certain you have any specialty tools you will need for your task offered also.
Take a look at your public library for books on woodworking. You will likely find books that contain ideas, special skills and even step-by-step guides that can take you from start to finish on a task. A library can be terrific source of info that people tend to forget when they are searching for knowledge, so do not let this resource slip your mind.
A stair gauge is a vital for every woodworking shop. Usually, they are utilized for the layout of stair jacks, but they can also be utilized to clamp down the carpenter's square. That indicates your square becomes a circular saw guide. If you utilize the square as a guide, your cuts will be straight each time.
Lots of people utilize utility knives to cut veneer. This can be extremely hazardous; however, take heart, there is a better way. When cutting veneer, consider utilizing a rotary cutting tool. These economical tools can be bought in your local fabric shop. Rotary cutting tools enable you to trim veneer to the ideal size.
Always inspect blade conditions before you saw. Dull blades rip wood apart. This can cause expensive mistakes in your task. Inspecting your saw blades before hand is a lot simpler than losing money and time.
Make certain to buy and use appropriate ear security. Working with wood can be extremely noisy. You want to prevent hearing loss from extended exposure. Get a pair of economical ear plugs, or buy a terrific pair of noise canceling earphones. No matter what you select, make sure that you use them whenever you operate machinery.
Learn about utilizing pilot holes. This is quite easy to do. When driving a screw or hammering a nail into a little piece of wood or getting quite near the edge of a piece, it tends to split. Often it's inevitable to put a taking care of into a place like this. However, drilling a hole through the joint that's a bit smaller than the taking care of can prevent it from splitting.
If woodworking is new to you, one of the most crucial pieces of recommendations to take is to completely read all plans and directions before you begin anything. Knowing what you are doing in advance will save you time, money and difficulty in the future. If you can not understand them or something is missing, someone from a local home improvement center might be able to help you.
Use woodworking kits when you're just beginning. The wood in these kits are already pre-cut for you and are easily joined together into a finished product This is a great way to discover all about woodworking. Practicing now will save some money and time for you in the future considering that you're going to make fewer mistakes.
Safeguard your eyes when you are working on a task. You cold end up with a blind eye if you neglect wearing your goggles. To make certain you wear them, find glasses that fit conveniently.
Select your woodworking tools and equipment thoroughly if you reside in a small space such as an apartment. You can still delight in completing woodworking tasks, but might have to pass up the 14-inch band saw. Choose tools that will do what you need but don't use up too much space.
Select the best gloves for every woodworking job. If you need fine motor skills, you must utilize more contemporary, high tech gloves of a thin, fine, strong, flexible material. When doing more coarse woodworking jobs in cold, moist weather, use pigskin gloves that insulate well and deflect moisture from your skin.
When staining a completed woodworking task stir your stain typically, particularly if you are utilizing a liquid stain. As stain sits, the sealer separates from the stain and settles to the bottom. If you do not stir the stain typically, your piece might have different shades of stain since of this separation.
As was talked about in the beginning of this short article, woodworking is a truly terrific activity. Although certainly hard, it is exceptionally satisfying. To be the best woodworker that you can be, you need to inform yourself on the top woodworking ideas and tricks. Research study this short article and all of the valuable ideas that it includes to improve your woodworking skills. stomaworld.com
English:
When I was offered this commission immediately I regretted that would be an opportunity just to make money, show some carving skills and assembling designs. Fortunately I was wrong. I hate making replicas, specially of my own stuff from my past life, but that sculpture work was not the case.
The "carnavalesco" (director of art for the parade) asked me to do something clearly inspired on the Pietá on Saint Peter's Basilica, to evoke that art work, but with differences. That was the nicest work situation for me: I was being asked to repeat my own work of the past with the freedom to propose new proportion relation between the mother and her son's dead body and to recreate lots of details. The only annoying limitation would be the cutting of the sculpture in parts for the assembling technique needed for the float.
The Pietá theme, which origin was from northern europe (german), has the well known knotty esthetic problem: "the awkward contrast between the ungainly male body and the smaller woman holding it". The solution that everyone can notice on the Saint Peter's Pietá is that the Virgin is bigger than his dead son's body surrounded by drapery cascading. This is known as pyramidal composition (I can't remember from where I took it but I assure you that I was used of that solution for Virgin's images). This Pietá for a carnival work was the opportunity to check out if the Virgin could follow at least the same proportion of Christ's dead body (or even be a little smaller).
Beyond the classic art challenge, this Pietá would be almost three times bigger than the original. That should be enough to defy anyone's sculpting capacity when you would be working in a so crowded and unhealthy place: thermal sensation about 60ºC (stated by experts), breathing resin and surrounded by woven fiberglass. Worst: with less than a month to do it, I was always being remembered by jealous people that my work would be compared with one of the most famous work of art on the planet. Well,… here is my response to them.
Português:
Quando me ofereceram essa Pietá para fazer, imediatamente lamentei porque seria apenas para ganhar dinheiro e mostrar algumas habilidades de escultura. Felizmente, eu estava errado. Odeio fazer réplicas, especialmente do que realizei na minha vida passada, mas este trabalho não era o caso.
O carnavalesco me pediu para fazer algo claramente inspirado na Pietá da Basílica de São Pedro, para evocar aquela obra de arte, mas com diferenças. Essa situação de trabalho era bem agradável: eu estava sendo convidado a repetir o meu próprio trabalho do passado mas com a liberdade de propor uma nova relação de proporção entre a Virgem e o corpo morto do Cristo, e poder recriar muitos detalhes. A única limitação irritante seria ter que cortar a escultura em partes para a montagem necessária no carro alegórico.
O tema Pietá, com origem do Norte da Europa (alemão), tem um problema estético complicado: "o estranho contraste de tamanho entre o corpo masculino e o da mulher, menor, a segurá-lo". A solução na Pietá da Basílica de São Pedro é que a Virgem é maior do que o corpo de seu filho morto, emoldurado pelo tecido em cascata. Isto é conhecido como composição piramidal (não me lembro de onde eu tirei isso, mas garanto que estava acostumado a esta solução para as imagens da Virgem ). Esta Pietá em um trabalho de carnaval era a minha oportunidade para verificar se a Virgem poderia ter pelo menos a mesma proporção do corpo de Cristo (ou até ser um pouco menor).
Além do desafio de arte clássica, esta Pietá seria quase três vezes maior do que a original. Isso seria o suficiente para desafiar a capacidade de escultura de qualquer um quando você está trabalhando em um lugar cheio de gente e insalubre: sensação térmica de cerca de 60ºC (afirmado por especialista), respirando resina e cercado por tecido de fibra de vidro. Pior: com menos de um mês para fazer a obra, eu ainda sempre era lembrado por pessoas invejosas que o meu trabalho seria comparado com uma famosa obra de arte. Bem,... eis a minha resposta
The Finale to the BARC Club Car Championships Weekender at Brands Hatch and after a Very Thrilling set of both Qualifying Sessions and Races which took place on the Saturday it was Time once again for each Driver to strap in and get ready for some high speed Racing Action thought the Sunday.
In Tribute to the Marshall who was Tragically Killed on the Saturday Some Car and Driver Pairings were Racing with Orange Hearts on their Cars as a Tribute to all of Motorsports Family of Marshalls for who without Racing would not be possible. Thank You!
So Lets get started and see what the days events Haver to Offer and who can Push their Machinery to the Limits and beyond for a Victory.
Britcar Endurance Championship - Trophy Category (Race 1 Results FINAL)
The Britcar Endurance Trophy was the First up and it was time to see who could claim that elusive Pole Position and to see if anyone else could challenge the Top Three Drivers Lets see how things turned out.
In First Place was the Pairing Of (Datum Motorsport's Axel Van Nederveen and Adriano Medeiros) in their Ginetta G55A with a Best Lap Time of 52:193 and an Average Speed of 64.75mph. Congratulations Axel and Adriano a Really Fantastic Drive and A Super Victory.
In Second Place was (SVG's Mark Lee) in his Ginetta G56A with a Best Lap Time of 52.086 and an Average Speed of 64.70mph. Amazing Drive Mark Keeping that Ginetta on the Track and Taking Second Place while Nearly Matching the Speed of Axel and Adriano. Well Done.
In Third Place was (Terry Stephens) in his Peugeot 308 with a Best Lap Time of 53.421 and an Average Speed of 64.50mph. Well Fought Terry a Fantastic Finish in Third Place and Staying Ahead by just over 11 seconds to the Pair of Jasver and Bryan in 4th. Amazing Job.
A Really Enjoyable and Exciting First Race of the Sunday with High Speed Action and Incredible Victories on Track. Congratulations Axel Adriano Mark and Terry. Lets see what Race 2 Brings in terms of the Action.
Britcar Endurance Championship - Trophy Category (Race 2 Results FINAL)
Race 2 For Britcar Next and after a Very Fast and Action Packed First Race Will we see a New Face on the Top Step of the Podium? Lets find out.
In First Place was the Pairing of (Woodrow Motorsport's Simon Baker and Kevin Clarke) in their BMW 1 Series with a Best Lap Time of 51.837 and an Average Speed of 78.22mph. Amazing work Simon and Kevin who have Beaten the Pairing Of (Datum Motorsport's Axel Van Nederveen and Adriano Medeiros) to Victory. An Incredible Drive by Both of them Well Done.
In Second Place was (SVG Mark Lee) in his Ginetta G56A with a Best Lap Time of 52.281 and an Average Speed of 76.89mph. Again a Huge Congratulations to Mark Lee for hanging onto that Second Place Despite Fierce Competition during The Race. Amazing Drive.
In Third Place was (Simon Green Motorsport's Pairing of Jasver Sapra and Brian Branson) in their BMW M3 E46 with a Best Lap Time of 52.718 and an Average Speed of 76.88mph. Congratulations Jasver and Brain Brilliant Drive and well Defended to keep that Third Place in Tact.
Two Incredible Races with Two Very Different Outcomes of Race Winners and Runners Up The Britcar Endurance Trophy is Proving to be Very Competitive this Year.
A Huge Congratulations to Simon Kevin Mark Jasver and Brain for some Amazing Racing and Victories and Good Luck to All Other Drivers. Keep working Hard and Pushing for that All Important Victory.
CTCRC Edmundson Electrical Classic / Historic Thunder Saloons (Race 1 Result FINAL)
Next Up was the CTCRC Electrical and Historic Thunder Saloons and After a Thrilling Qualifying Session Yesterday Lets see what Each Driver has got and who can Push to the Limits for that All Important Victory.
In First Place was (Jason West) in his BMW E46 M3 3200 with a Best Lap Time of 51.907 and an Average Speed of 59.84mph. Congratulations Jason for Another Incredible Drive for First Place and a well Deserved Victory Amongst some Stiff Competition.
In Second Place was (Andrew Wilson) in his Holden Monaro 7000 with a Best Lap Time of 52.418 and an Average Speed of 59.96mph. Well Done Andrew Fantastic Driving and a Super Defensive Drive for Second Place.
In Third Place was (Samuel Wilson) in his Aston Martin V8 Vantage with a Best Lap Time of 52.699 and an Average Speed of 59.50mph. Amazing Work Samuel and a Beautiful Example of the Aston Martin V8 Vantage on Display Showing its Raw Power and Racing Pedigree to Finish in Third Place.
A Fantastic Finish to The Historic and Electrical Thunder Saloons Racing at The Weekend. A Huge Congratulations to Our Top Three Finishers Jason Andrew and Samuel. Fantastic Racing from all Three of you and Good Luck to all other Drivers Keep Tuning and Working Hard and I'm sure Victory Will not be too Far Away from you.
CTCRC JEC Saloon & GT Championship & Burton Power BOSS (Race 2 Results FINAL)
Next Up CTCRC Saloon and GT Championships and with some Fierce Competition on Display during not only Qualifying but also Their First Race on the Saturday Which saw Malcom Harding Storm to an Insane Victory who Will be able to Take him on and Potentially Steal his Crown during the Next Race Today? Lets See.
In First Place was (Malcom Harding) in his Ford Escort MK2 Zakspeed 2500 with a Best Lap Time of 53.888 and an Average Speed of 78.49mph. Another Incredible Victory for Malcom that Highly Modified Zakspeed Escort Really Shows off the Power and Performance of a True Champion and a Fantastic Driver. Congratulations Malcom.
In Second Place was (Steven Goldsmith) in his Ford Anglia 105e 260 with a Best Lap Time of 54.335 and an Average Speed of 78.21mph. Another Storming Drive to Achieve Second Place for Steven. Fantastic Driving and Amazing Car Control through Every Corner. Congratulations Steven.
In Third Place was (Tom Robinson) in his Jaguar XJ6 4000 with a Best Lap Time of 55.481 and an Average Speed of 55.481mph. Congratulations Tom Superb Display of Driving Ability behind the Jag and a Well Deserved Third Place for Him.
Another Incredible Weekend of Racing for the CTCRC Saloon and GT Championships with Some New and Some Old Drivers Stepping onto the Podium. Massive Congratulations to Malcolm Steven and Tom for their First Second And Third Place Finishes. Keep Up the Good Work and Never Stop Trying.
CTCRC Laser Tools Pre 93 & Simply Serviced Pre 03 Touring Cars (Race 1 Results FINAL)
Now Its Time for The Laser Tools Pre 93 and Simply Serviced Pre 03 Touring Cars to make their way back onto The Track for what Looked to be a Spectacular Race. A Whole Range of Different Cars to Race Against and Stiff Competition after Qualifying Proves that This Race will be One not to be Missed. Lets See what Unfolded.
In First Place was (Gary Prebble) in his Honda Civic EG 2000 with a Best Lap Time of 54.100mph and an Average Speed of 78.60mph. Well Done Gary a Really Well Deserved First Place Victory and an Amazing Drive to the Flag.
In Second Place was (David Griffith) in his BMW E36 M3 3058 with a Best Lap Time of 54.558 and an Average of 78.42mph. Incredible Drive their David Pushing that BMW For Everything that it Has got to Achieve Second Place.
In Third Place was (Kam Tunio) in his Honda Civic EK9 1595 with a Best Lap Time of 55.347 and an Average Speed of 77.05mph. Well Driven Kam Super Driving on Display and a Well Deserved Third Place Finish.
Another Amazing Race for The Pre 93 and Pre 03 Touring Cars and a Huge Congratulations to Gary David and Kam for their First Second and Third Place Victories. Keep up the Hard Work and Good Luck to everyone Else wherever your Next Races take you.
CTCRC Poultec Classic Race Engines Pre 66 Touring Cars (Race 1 Results)
Now it was Time for the Fan Favourite to Enter onto the Brands Hatch Circuit with the Pre 66 Touring Cars Championship. With Mini's Lotus Cortina's and Ford Falcons. This was One Race that No One Wanted to Miss. After a Very Fast Paced Qualifying Session on the Saturday Which saw (Alan Greenhalgh) take Pole Position who Will be able to Challenge Him During the Race and Snatch Victory Away from Him.
In First Place was (Alan Greenhalgh) in his Ford Falcon with A Best Lap Time of 58.707 and an Average Speed of 72.63mph. Congratulations Alan A Beautiful Example of the Ford Falcon and Certainly a Very Fast One too. Congratulations on Your Victory.
In Second Place was (Robyn Slater) in his Ford Anglia 1550 with a Best Lap Time of 58.992 and an Average Speed of 72.06mph. Very Good Drive their From Robyn to Secure Second Place in The First Race of the Day for the Pre 66 Touring Cars.
In Third Place was (Barry Sime) in his Morris Mini Cooper S 1293 with a Best Lap Time of 59.116 and an Average Speed of 71.95mph. Fantastic Work their Barry Keeping that Little Rocket on The Track looked to be Very Challenging but A Very Well Deserved Third Place.
What A First Race for The Historic Pre 66 Touring Cars showing The Power and Pride Each Driver takes in Both Racing and Preservation on Their Beloved Racing Machines. Congratulations to Alan Robyn and Barry on their First Second and Third Place Finishes. Lets See what New Challenges Await Them in Race 2 The Final Race of The Day for Them.
CTCRC Poultec Classic Race Engines Pre 66 Touring Cars (Race 2 Results FINAL)
The Epic FINALE To The Pre 66 Touring Cars Race was A Race in Wet Conditions Making it even more Challenging for The Top Three Drivers. Who would Win and be able to Retain if not Take on thease Three Giants of Touring Car Racing in thease Conditions. Lets See How Things Concluded.
In First Place was (Barry Sime) in his Morris Mini Cooper S 1293 with a Best Lap Time of 1:11.482 and an Average Speed of 58.62mph. Amazing Work Barry to take Home a Superb Victory and a Brilliant Bit of Wet Weather Driving in The Mini Well Done.
In Second Place was (John Davies) in his Austin Mini Cooper S 1293 with a Best Lap Time of 1:11.416 and an Average Speed of 58.38mph. Amazing Work John Racing A Mini in thease Conditions is Very Tricky and Yet both You and Barry made it look Easy.
In Third Place was (James Ibbotson) in his Hillman Imp Super 998 with a Best Lap Time of 1:11.518 and an Average Speed of 58.12mph. Well Done James Sliding that Imp around in the Wet for a Magnificent Third Place was Well Deserved.
What A Race to End the Day for the Pre 66 Touring Cars and with So many Old and New Winners Lets Hope we Get to see More Races like This One Thought the Rest of the 2021 Season. A Big Congratulations to Barry John and James on their Respective Victories and Keep Trying Everyone Else The Hard Work will Pay off.
CTCRC Shell Oils Pre 83 Touring Cars (Race 1 FINAL)
Up Next The Pre 83 Touring Cars took to the Track for Their Only Race of The Day and from what We Have Seen Already This Race also looks like its going to be a Very Strong Battle for First Second and Third Place. Lets See who Came First and Took that All Important Victory.
In First Place was (Mark Lucock) in his Ford Escort MK1 RS2000 2040 with a Best Lap Time of 57.687 and an Average Speed of 74.53mph. Amazing work there Mark Pushing All the Power the RS2000 Engine Has and Keeping it on Track to Score an Amazing Victory.
In Second Place was (Stephen Primett) in his Ford Escort MK1 2037 with a Best Lap Time of 57.503 and an Average Speed of 74.52mph. Another Brilliant Drive from the Likes of Stephen Keep the Pace with Mark and Making for some Fierce Competition Thought the Race.
In Third Place was (Mike Luck in his BMW E21 320 1998 with a Best Lap Time of 57.236 and an Average Speed of 74.46mph. Super Driving there Mike to take Third Place and a Very Classic Looking BMW Indeed.
What A Race from the Pre 83 Touring Cars showcasing Speed Power and What a Touring Car was Made to do around a Race Track. A Big Congratulations to Mark Stephen and Mike on their First Second and Third Place Finishes. Keep Racing and Keep Having Fun Out There.
Junior Saloon Car Championship (Race 1 Result FINAL)
The Junior Saloon Car Championship was Up Next and Even Though the Age Range of thease Next Drivers Taking to the Circuit Might Shock you at The Fact that Many of them are as Young as 15 Years of age don't be Fooled Because thease Guys Know how to Race Having been brought up from Carting since the age of 4. They are always a Fan Favourite and After Qualifying on the Saturday its Anyone's Game as to Who Wins and Who Losses in Thease Races.
In First Place was (Ruben Hage) in his Citroen Saxo VTR 1600 with a Best Lap Time of 59.967 and an Average Speed of 65.65mph. Congratulations Ruben What A Drive and an Incredible Run for First Place Fending off the Other On Coming Drivers. Truly a Championship Winning Drive.
In Second Place was (Harvey Caton) in his Citroen Saxo VTR 1600 with a Best Lap Time of 59.629 and an Average Speed of 65.64mph. Very Well Driven there Harvey Staying very Close to Ruben in First Place and Keeping Him on His Toes Thought the Entire Race.
In Third Place was (Charlie Hand) in his Citroen Saxo VTR 1600 with a Lap Time of 1:00.006 and an Average Speed of 65.57mph. Solid Third Place there Charlie Keep Up the Momentum and Never Give Up Chasing Your Dreams.
What a Fantastic Race from the Junior Saloon Car Championship with New Winners on the Podium and Some Close Wheel to Wheel Action Thought the Race Thease Guys will be Fantastic To see in Future Racing Series All Over The World. Congratulations to Ruben Harvey and Charlie for First Second and Third Place and Good Luck to All Other Aspiring Young Drivers Following in the Footsteps of Your Greatest Racing Heroes.
Kumho BMW Championship (Race 1 Results)
Finally it was Time for the Last Two Races of the Day the Kumo BMW Championship. Featuring The Makes and Models of Many BMW'S taking to the Circuit for Race 1. After a Busy Day Qualifying on Saturday Lets See what Each Driver Cando in The Frist of Two Races for their Championship.
In First Place was (Niall Bradley) in his BMW E46 M3 with a Best Lap Time of 50.920 and an Average Speed of 83.60mph. Brilliant Driving There Niall Pushing the Power of the BMW Engine to Max and Putting the Pedal to the Metal the Whole Race. A Superb Victory.
In Second Place was (Michael Vitulli) in his BMW E36 M3 3200 with a Best Lap Time of 51.158 and an Average Speed of 83.45mph. Another Incredible Driver Pushing Hard and Taking Second Place. Well Done Michael.
In Third Place was (James Card) in his BMW E46 M3 3200 with a Best Lap Time of 51.154 and an Average Speed of 83.42mph. Very Well Done their James Keep Pushing.
Three Fantastic Drivers in Niall Michael and James all Fighting for that Victory and Showing The Racer Inside each and Everyone of them. Lets see what Their Final Race of the Day Brings Them.
Kumho BMW Championship (Race 2 Results FINAL)
In First Place was (Niall Bradley) in his BMW E46 M3 with a Best Lap Time of 53.581 and an Average Speed of 77.79mph. Another Well Deserved First Place Finish to Round of The Days Racing. Congratulations Niall Go and Celebrate with The Team In Style.
In Second Place was (Darren Morgan Owen) in his BMW E46 M3 3200 with a Best Lap Time of 53.200 and an Average Speed of 77.43mph. Super Drive There Darren for Second Place and a New Winner onto The Podium.
In Third Place was (Brad Sheean) in his BMW E46 M3 3200 with a Best Lap Time of 53.227 and an Average Speed of 77.13mph. Fantastic Drive there Brad and Some Incredible Car Control thought the Entire Race to Finish Third.
And That Concludes Racing for the Kumho BMW Championship with 4 Different Winners Across two Races and A lot of Really Fast Action you could not Have Asked for a better Finish to The End of The Days Racing. Massive Congratulations to Niall Darren and Brad and Good Luck to all Other Competing Drivers who are still Looking for that almighty Victory.
That Concludes Racing for The BARC Club Car Championships Weekend A Big Congratulations to All of the Drivers of Every Team and a Huge Thank You to Marshalls Far and Wide as Without Your Support Events like This and Champion Drivers May Never Get to Achieve Their Dreams.
See You All At The Next One!
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Kenworth now offers advanced technology to enhance protection against battery drainage and a new inverter/charger option for easier battery recharging while parked. The ultracapacitor-based Maxwell Engine Start Module (ESM) is a factory-installed option for new Kenworth T680s (at right) and T880s (at left). Kenworth’s new, enhanced 1,800-watt inverter that provides the convenience of AC power in the sleeper. The Kenworth inverter also offers charging capability. The inverter is mounted on the rear wall in the sleeper storage compartment, which provides easy access to the toolbox and additional outlets through the toolbox door. The new inverter is optional for the Kenworth Idle Management System with the T680 76-inch sleeper, and charges the starter and idle management system batteries when plugged into shore power.
Anne Grimdalen: Spelende beertjes (1956)
De Spelende beertjes zijn symbolisch voor de hartelijke banden tussen Rotterdam en Oslo. In 1951 kreeg de Maasstad van de Noorse hoofdstad (voor de eerste maal) een kerstboom, een traditie die tot 2014 voortduurde. In 1956 besteedde de net nieuwe Lijnbaan aandacht aan Oslo met een tentoonstelling die werd geopend door de burgemeester van Oslo. Toen de tentoonstelling sloot, kreeg de Vereniging Winkelpromenade van de Noorse ambassadeur dit beeld van twee spelende beertjes aangeboden van de Noorse beeldhouwer Anne Grimdalen. De vereniging schonk het weer aan de Rotterdamse burgemeester Van Walsum, die het werk een definitieve bestemming gaf op de gloednieuwe winkelstraat. Het is een vrolijk beeld dat weliswaar op een sokkel staat, maar toch zo dichtbij de grond dat het lijkt of de beren samen ravotten over de grond. Het bevindt zich op ooghoogte van kleine kinderen, die het werk vaak bijzonder aanspreekt. De twee bronzen dieren vormen samen een compacte bal, waarvan de vorm terugkeert in het ronde plateau waar ze op steunen.
Anne Grimdalen: Playing Bears (1956)
The Playing Bears are symbolic of the warm ties between Rotterdam and Oslo. In 1951, the Maasstad received a Christmas tree from the Norwegian capital (for the first time), a tradition that continued until 2014. In 1956, the newly built Lijnbaan paid attention to Oslo with an exhibition that was opened by the mayor of Oslo. When the exhibition closed, the Vereniging Winkelpromenade was offered this statue of two playing bears by the Norwegian sculptor Anne Grimdalen by the Norwegian ambassador. The association donated it to the mayor of Rotterdam Van Walsum, who gave the work a permanent destination on the brand new shopping street. It is a cheerful statue that stands on a plinth, but is still so close to the ground that it seems as if the bears are romping around together on the ground. It is at eye level with small children, who often find the work particularly appealing. The two bronze animals together form a compact ball, the shape of which is repeated in the round plateau on which they rest.
. . . the buffaloe horns are from the buffaloes offered at the building of the house.
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North Toraja (or Toraja Utara) is a regency (kabupaten) of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia, and the home of the Toraja ethnic group. The local government seat is in Rantepao which is also the center of Toraja culture. Formerly this regency was part of Tana Toraja Regency.
The Tana Toraja boundary was determined by the Dutch East Indies government in 1909. In 1926, Tana Toraja was under the administration of Bugis state, Luwu. The regentschap (or regency) status was given on October 8, 1946, the last regency given by the Dutch. Since 1984, Tana Toraja has been named as the second tourist destination after Bali by the Ministry of Tourism, Indonesia. Since then, hundreds of thousands of foreign visitors have visited this regency. In addition, numerous Western anthropologists have come to Tana Toraja to study the indigenous culture and people of Toraja.
GEOGRAPHY
Tana Toraja is located on the Sulawesi island, 300 km north of Makassar, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi. Its geographical location is between latitude of 2°-3° South and longitude 119°-120° East (center: 3°S 120°ECoordinates: 3°S 120°E). The area of the new North Toraja Regency is 1,151.47 km², about 2.5% of the total area of South Sulawesi province. The topography of Tana Toraja is mountainous; its minimum elevation is 150 m, while the maximum is 3,083 above the sea level.
Tana Toraja Regency (Indonesian for Torajaland or Land of the Toraja, abbreviated Tator) is a regency (kabupaten) of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia, and home to the Toraja ethnic group. The local government seat is in Makale, while the center of Toraja culture is in Rantepao. But now, Tana Toraja has been divided to two regencies that consist of Tana Toraja with its capital at Makale and North toraja with its capital at Rantepao.
The Tana Toraja boundary was determined by the Dutch East Indies government in 1909. In 1926, Tana Toraja was under the administration of Bugis state, Luwu. The regentschap (or regency) status was given on 8 October 1946, the last regency given by the Dutch. Since 1984, Tana Toraja has been named as the second tourist destination after Bali by the Ministry of Tourism, Indonesia. Since then, hundreds of thousands of foreign visitors have visited this regency. In addition, numerous Western anthropologists have come to Tana Toraja to study the indigenous culture and people of Toraja.
GEOGRAPHY
Tana Toraja is centrally placed in the island of Sulawesi, 300 km north of Makassar, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi. It lies between latitude of 2°-3° South and longitude 119°-120° East (center: 3°S 120°ECoordinates: 3°S 120°E). The total area (since the separation of the new regency of North Toraja) is 2,054.30 km², about 4.4% of the total area of South Sulawesi province. The topography of Tana Toraja is mountainous; its minimum elevation is 150 m, while the maximum is 3,083 above the sea level.
ADMINISTRATION
Tana Toraja Regency in 2010 comprised nineteen administrative Districts (Kecamatan), tabulated below with their 2010 Census population.
The Torajans are an ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Their population is approximately 1,100,000, of whom 450,000 live in the regency of Tana Toraja ("Land of Toraja").[1] Most of the population is Christian, and others are Muslim or have local animist beliefs known as aluk ("the way"). The Indonesian government has recognised this animistic belief as Aluk To Dolo ("Way of the Ancestors").
The word Toraja comes from the Buginese language term to riaja, meaning "people of the uplands". The Dutch colonial government named the people Toraja in 1909. Torajans are renowned for their elaborate funeral rites, burial sites carved into rocky cliffs, massive peaked-roof traditional houses known as tongkonan, and colourful wood carvings. Toraja funeral rites are important social events, usually attended by hundreds of people and lasting for several days.
Before the 20th century, Torajans lived in autonomous villages, where they practised animism and were relatively untouched by the outside world. In the early 1900s, Dutch missionaries first worked to convert Torajan highlanders to Christianity. When the Tana Toraja regency was further opened to the outside world in the 1970s, it became an icon of tourism in Indonesia: it was exploited by tourism development and studied by anthropologists. By the 1990s, when tourism peaked, Toraja society had changed significantly, from an agrarian model—in which social life and customs were outgrowths of the Aluk To Dolo—to a largely Christian society. Today, tourism and remittances from migrant Torajans have made for major changes in the Toraja highland, giving the Toraja a celebrity status within Indonesia and enhancing Toraja ethnic group pride.
ETHNIC IDENTITY
The Torajan people had little notion of themselves as a distinct ethnic group before the 20th century. Before Dutch colonisation and Christianisation, Torajans, who lived in highland areas, identified with their villages and did not share a broad sense of identity. Although complexes of rituals created linkages between highland villages, there were variations in dialects, differences in social hierarchies, and an array of ritual practices in the Sulawesi highland region. "Toraja" (from the coastal languages' to, meaning people; and riaja, uplands) was first used as a lowlander expression for highlanders. As a result, "Toraja" initially had more currency with outsiders—such as the Bugis and Makassarese, who constitute a majority of the lowland of Sulawesi—than with insiders. The Dutch missionaries' presence in the highlands gave rise to the Toraja ethnic consciousness in the Sa'dan Toraja region, and this shared identity grew with the rise of tourism in the Tana Toraja Regency. Since then, South Sulawesi has four main ethnic groups—the Bugis (the majority, including shipbuilders and seafarers), the Makassarese (lowland traders and seafarers), the Mandarese (traders and fishermen), and the Toraja (highland rice cultivators).
HISTORY
From the 17th century, the Dutch established trade and political control on Sulawesi through the Dutch East Indies Company. Over two centuries, they ignored the mountainous area in the central Sulawesi, where Torajans lived, because access was difficult and it had little productive agricultural land. In the late 19th century, the Dutch became increasingly concerned about the spread of Islam in the south of Sulawesi, especially among the Makassarese and Bugis peoples. The Dutch saw the animist highlanders as potential Christians. In the 1920s, the Reformed Missionary Alliance of the Dutch Reformed Church began missionary work aided by the Dutch colonial government. In addition to introducing Christianity, the Dutch abolished slavery and imposed local taxes. A line was drawn around the Sa'dan area and called Tana Toraja ("the land of Toraja"). Tana Toraja was first a subdivision of the Luwu kingdom that had claimed the area. In 1946, the Dutch granted Tana Toraja a regentschap, and it was recognised in 1957 as one of the regencies of Indonesia.
Early Dutch missionaries faced strong opposition among Torajans, especially among the elite, because the abolition of their profitable slave trade had angered them. Some Torajans were forcibly relocated to the lowlands by the Dutch, where they could be more easily controlled. Taxes were kept high, undermining the wealth of the elites. Ultimately, the Dutch influence did not subdue Torajan culture, and only a few Torajans were converted. In 1950, only 10% of the population had converted to Christianity.
In the 1930s, Muslim lowlanders attacked the Torajans, resulting in widespread Christian conversion among those who sought to align themselves with the Dutch for political protection and to form a movement against the Bugis and Makassarese Muslims. Between 1951 and 1965 (following Indonesian independence), southern Sulawesi faced a turbulent period as the Darul Islam separatist movement fought for an Islamic state in Sulawesi. The 15 years of guerrilla warfare led to massive conversions to Christianity.
Alignment with the Indonesian government, however, did not guarantee safety for the Torajans. In 1965, a presidential decree required every Indonesian citizen to belong to one of five officially recognised religions: Islam, Christianity (Protestantism and Catholicism), Hinduism, or Buddhism. The Torajan religious belief (aluk) was not legally recognised, and the Torajans raised their voices against the law. To make aluk accord with the law, it had to be accepted as part of one of the official religions. In 1969, Aluk To Dolo ("the way of ancestors") was legalised as a sect of Agama Hindu Dharma, the official name of Hinduism in Indonesia.
SOCIETY
There are three main types of affiliation in Toraja society: family, class and religion.
FAMILY AFFILIATION
Family is the primary social and political grouping in Torajan society. Each village is one extended family, the seat of which is the tongkonan, a traditional Torajan house. Each tongkonan has a name, which becomes the name of the village. The familial dons maintain village unity. Marriage between distant cousins (fourth cousins and beyond) is a common practice that strengthens kinship. Toraja society prohibits marriage between close cousins (up to and including the third cousin)—except for nobles, to prevent the dispersal of property. Kinship is actively reciprocal, meaning that the extended family helps each other farm, share buffalo rituals, and pay off debts.
Each person belongs to both the mother's and the father's families, the only bilateral family line in Indonesia. Children, therefore, inherit household affiliation from both mother and father, including land and even family debts. Children's names are given on the basis of kinship, and are usually chosen after dead relatives. Names of aunts, uncles and cousins are commonly referred to in the names of mothers, fathers and siblings.
Before the start of the formal administration of Toraja villages by the Tana Toraja Regency, each Toraja village was autonomous. In a more complex situation, in which one Toraja family could not handle their problems alone, several villages formed a group; sometimes, villages would unite against other villages. Relationship between families was expressed through blood, marriage, and shared ancestral houses (tongkonan), practically signed by the exchange of water buffalo and pigs on ritual occasions. Such exchanges not only built political and cultural ties between families but defined each person's place in a social hierarchy: who poured palm wine, who wrapped a corpse and prepared offerings, where each person could or could not sit, what dishes should be used or avoided, and even what piece of meat constituted one's share.
CLASS AFFILIATION
In early Toraja society, family relationships were tied closely to social class. There were three strata: nobles, commoners, and slaves (slavery was abolished in 1909 by the Dutch East Indies government). Class was inherited through the mother. It was taboo, therefore, to marry "down" with a woman of lower class. On the other hand, marrying a woman of higher class could improve the status of the next generation. The nobility's condescending attitude toward the commoners is still maintained today for reasons of family prestige.
Nobles, who were believed to be direct descendants of the descended person from heaven, lived in tongkonans, while commoners lived in less lavish houses (bamboo shacks called banua). Slaves lived in small huts, which had to be built around their owner's tongkonan. Commoners might marry anyone, but nobles preferred to marry in-family to maintain their status. Sometimes nobles married Bugis or Makassarese nobles. Commoners and slaves were prohibited from having death feasts. Despite close kinship and status inheritance, there was some social mobility, as marriage or change in wealth could affect an individuals status. Wealth was counted by the ownership of water buffaloes.
Slaves in Toraja society were family property. Sometimes Torajans decided to become slaves when they incurred a debt, pledging to work as payment. Slaves could be taken during wars, and slave trading was common. Slaves could buy their freedom, but their children still inherited slave status. Slaves were prohibited from wearing bronze or gold, carving their houses, eating from the same dishes as their owners, or having sex with free women—a crime punishable by death.
RELIGIOUS AFFILATION
Toraja's indigenous belief system is polytheistic animism, called aluk, or "the way" (sometimes translated as "the law"). In the Toraja myth, the ancestors of Torajan people came down from heaven using stairs, which were then used by the Torajans as a communication medium with Puang Matua, the Creator. The cosmos, according to aluk, is divided into the upper world (heaven), the world of man (earth), and the underworld. At first, heaven and earth were married, then there was a darkness, a separation, and finally the light. Animals live in the underworld, which is represented by rectangular space enclosed by pillars, the earth is for mankind, and the heaven world is located above, covered with a saddle-shaped roof. Other Toraja gods include Pong Banggai di Rante (god of Earth), Indo' Ongon-Ongon (a goddess who can cause earthquakes), Pong Lalondong (god of death), and Indo' Belo Tumbang (goddess of medicine); there are many more.
The earthly authority, whose words and actions should be cleaved to both in life (agriculture) and death (funerals), is called to minaa (an aluk priest). Aluk is not just a belief system; it is a combination of law, religion, and habit. Aluk governs social life, agricultural practices, and ancestral rituals. The details of aluk may vary from one village to another. One common law is the requirement that death and life rituals be separated. Torajans believe that performing death rituals might ruin their corpses if combined with life rituals. The two rituals are equally important. During the time of the Dutch missionaries, Christian Torajans were prohibited from attending or performing life rituals, but were allowed to perform death rituals. Consequently, Toraja's death rituals are still practised today, while life rituals have diminished.
CULTURE
TONGKONAN
Tongkonan are the traditional Torajan ancestral houses. They stand high on wooden piles, topped with a layered split-bamboo roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc, and they are incised with red, black, and yellow detailed wood carvings on the exterior walls. The word "tongkonan" comes from the Torajan tongkon ("to sit").
Tongkonan are the center of Torajan social life. The rituals associated with the tongkonan are important expressions of Torajan spiritual life, and therefore all family members are impelled to participate, because symbolically the tongkonan represents links to their ancestors and to living and future kin. According to Torajan myth, the first tongkonan was built in heaven on four poles, with a roof made of Indian cloth. When the first Torajan ancestor descended to earth, he imitated the house and held a large ceremony.
The construction of a tongkonan is laborious work and is usually done with the help of the extended family. There are three types of tongkonan. The tongkonan layuk is the house of the highest authority, used as the "center of government". The tongkonan pekamberan belongs to the family members who have some authority in local traditions. Ordinary family members reside in the tongkonan batu. The exclusivity to the nobility of the tongkonan is diminishing as many Torajan commoners find lucrative employment in other parts of Indonesia. As they send back money to their families, they enable the construction of larger tongkonan.
Architecture in the style of a tongkonan is still very common. Various administration buildings were built in this style in recent years, e.g. the Kecamatan building in Rantepao.
WOOD CARVINGS
To express social and religious concepts, Torajans carve wood, calling it Pa'ssura (or "the writing"). Wood carvings are therefore Toraja's cultural manifestation.
Each carving receives a special name, and common motifs are animals and plants that symbolise some virtue. For example, water plants and animals, such as crabs, tadpoles and water weeds, are commonly found to symbolise fertility. In some areas noble elders claim these symbols refer to strength of noble family, but not everyone agrees. The overall meaning of groups of carved motifs on houses remains debated and tourism has further complicated these debates because some feel a uniform explanation must be presented to tourists. Torajan wood carvings are composed of numerous square panels, each of which can represent various things, for example buffaloes as a wish of wealth for the family; a knot and a box, symbolizing the hope that all of the family's offspring will be happy and live in harmony; aquatic animals, indicating the need for fast and hard work, just like moving on the surface of water.
Regularity and order are common features in Toraja wood carving (see table below), as well as abstracts and geometrical designs. Nature is frequently used as the basis of Toraja's ornaments, because nature is full of abstractions and geometries with regularities and ordering. Toraja's ornaments have been studied in ethnomathematics to reveal their mathematical structure, but Torajans base this art only on approximations. To create an ornament, bamboo sticks are used as a geometrical tool.
FUNERAL RITES
In Toraja society, the funeral ritual is the most elaborate and expensive event. The richer and more powerful the individual, the more expensive is the funeral. In the aluk religion, only nobles have the right to have an extensive death feast. The death feast of a nobleman is usually attended by thousands and lasts for several days. A ceremonial site, called rante, is usually prepared in a large, grassy field where shelters for audiences, rice barns, and other ceremonial funeral structures are specially made by the deceased's family. Flute music, funeral chants, songs and poems, and crying and wailing are traditional Toraja expressions of grief with the exceptions of funerals for young children, and poor, low-status adults.
The ceremony is often held weeks, months, or years after the death so that the deceased's family can raise the significant funds needed to cover funeral expenses. Torajans traditionally believe that death is not a sudden, abrupt event, but a gradual process toward Puya (the land of souls, or afterlife). During the waiting period, the body of the deceased is wrapped in several layers of cloth and kept under the tongkonan. The soul of the deceased is thought to linger around the village until the funeral ceremony is completed, after which it begins its journey to Puya.
Another component of the ritual is the slaughter of water buffalo. The more powerful the person who died, the more buffalo are slaughtered at the death feast. Buffalo carcasses, including their heads, are usually lined up on a field waiting for their owner, who is in the "sleeping stage". Torajans believe that the deceased will need the buffalo to make the journey and that they will be quicker to arrive at Puya if they have many buffalo. Slaughtering tens of water buffalo and hundreds of pigs using a machete is the climax of the elaborate death feast, with dancing and music and young boys who catch spurting blood in long bamboo tubes. Some of the slaughtered animals are given by guests as "gifts", which are carefully noted because they will be considered debts of the deceased's family. However, a cockfight, known as bulangan londong, is an integral part of the ceremony. As with the sacrifice of the buffalo and the pigs, the cockfight is considered sacred because it involves the spilling of blood on the earth. In particular, the tradition requires the sacrifice of at least three chickens. However, it is common for at least 25 pairs of chickens to be set against each other in the context of the ceremony.
There are three methods of burial: the coffin may be laid in a cave or in a carved stone grave, or hung on a cliff. It contains any possessions that the deceased will need in the afterlife. The wealthy are often buried in a stone grave carved out of a rocky cliff. The grave is usually expensive and takes a few months to complete. In some areas, a stone cave may be found that is large enough to accommodate a whole family. A wood-carved effigy, called Tau tau, is usually placed in the cave looking out over the land. The coffin of a baby or child may be hung from ropes on a cliff face or from a tree. This hanging grave usually lasts for years, until the ropes rot and the coffin falls to the ground.
In the ritual called Ma'Nene, that takes place each year in August, the bodies of the deceased are exhumed to be washed, groomed and dressed in new clothes. The mummies are then walked around the village.
DANNCE AND MUSIC
Torajans perform dances on several occasions, most often during their elaborate funeral ceremonies. They dance to express their grief, and to honour and even cheer the deceased person because he is going to have a long journey in the afterlife. First, a group of men form a circle and sing a monotonous chant throughout the night to honour the deceased (a ritual called Ma'badong). This is considered by many Torajans to be the most important component of the funeral ceremony. On the second funeral day, the Ma'randing warrior dance is performed to praise the courage of the deceased during life. Several men perform the dance with a sword, a large shield made from buffalo skin, a helmet with a buffalo horn, and other ornamentation. The Ma'randing dance precedes a procession in which the deceased is carried from a rice barn to the rante, the site of the funeral ceremony. During the funeral, elder women perform the Ma'katia dance while singing a poetic song and wearing a long feathered costume. The Ma'akatia dance is performed to remind the audience of the generosity and loyalty of the deceased person. After the bloody ceremony of buffalo and pig slaughter, a group of boys and girls clap their hands while performing a cheerful dance called Ma'dondan.
As in other agricultural societies, Torajans dance and sing during harvest time. The Ma'bugi dance celebrates the thanksgiving event, and the Ma'gandangi dance is performed while Torajans are pounding rice. There are several war dances, such as the Manimbong dance performed by men, followed by the Ma'dandan dance performed by women. The aluk religion governs when and how Torajans dance. A dance called Ma'bua can be performed only once every 12 years. Ma'bua is a major Toraja ceremony in which priests wear a buffalo head and dance around a sacred tree.
A traditional musical instrument of the Toraja is a bamboo flute called a Pa'suling (suling is an Indonesian word for flute). This six-holed flute (not unique to the Toraja) is played at many dances, such as the thanksgiving dance Ma'bondensan, where the flute accompanies a group of shirtless, dancing men with long fingernails. The Toraja have indigenous musical instruments, such as the Pa'pelle (made from palm leaves) and the Pa'karombi (the Torajan version of a jaw harp). The Pa'pelle is played during harvest time and at house inauguration ceremonies.
COGENDER VIEWS
Among the Saʼadan (eastern Toraja) in the island of Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia, there are homosexual male toburake tambolang shamans; although among their neighbors the Mamasa (western Toraja) there are instead only heterosexual female toburake shamanesses.
LANGUAGE
The ethnic Toraja language is dominant in Tana Toraja with the main language as the Sa'dan Toraja. Although the national Indonesian language is the official language and is spoken in the community, all elementary schools in Tana Toraja teach Toraja language.
Language varieties of Toraja, including Kalumpang, Mamasa, Tae, Talondo, Toala, and Toraja-Sa'dan, belong to the Malayo-Polynesian language from the Austronesian family. At the outset, the isolated geographical nature of Tana Toraja formed many dialects between the Toraja languages themselves. After the formal administration of Tana Toraja, some Toraja dialects have been influenced by other languages through the transmigration program, introduced since the colonialism period, and it has been a major factor in the linguistic variety of Toraja languages.
A prominent attribute of Toraja language is the notion of grief. The importance of death ceremony in Toraja culture has characterised their languages to express intricate degrees of grief and mourning. The Toraja language contains many terms referring to sadness, longing, depression, and mental pain. Giving a clear expression of the psychological and physical effect of loss is a catharsis and sometimes lessens the pain of grief itself.
ECONOMY
Prior to Suharto's "New Order" administration, the Torajan economy was based on agriculture, with cultivated wet rice in terraced fields on mountain slopes, and supplemental cassava and maize crops. Much time and energy were devoted to raising water buffalo, pigs, and chickens, primarily for ceremonial sacrifices and consumption. Coffee was the first significant cash crop produced in Toraja, and was introduced in the mid 19th century, changing the local economy towards commodity production for external markets and gaining an excellent reputation for quality in the international market.
With the commencement of the New Order in 1965, Indonesia's economy developed and opened to foreign investment. In Toraja, a coffee plantation and factory was established by Key Coffee of Japan, and Torajan coffee regained a reputation for quality within the growing international specialty coffee sector Multinational oil and mining companies opened new operations in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s. Torajans, particularly younger ones, relocated to work for the foreign companies—to Kalimantan for timber and oil, to Papua for mining, to the cities of Sulawesi and Java, and many went to Malaysia. The out-migration of Torajans was steady until 1985. and has continued since, with remittances sent back by emigre Torajans performing an important role within the contemporary economy.
Tourism commenced in Toraja in the 1970s, and accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s. Between 1984 and 1997, a significant number of Torajans obtained their incomes from tourism, working in and owning hotels, as tour guides, drivers, or selling souvenirs. With the rise of political and economic instability in Indonesia in the late 1990s—including religious conflicts elsewhere on Sulawesi—tourism in Tana Toraja has declined dramatically. Toraja continues to be a well known origin for Indonesian coffee, grown by both smallholders and plantation estates, although migration, remittances and off-farm income is considered far more important to most households, even those in rural areas.
TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE
Before the 1970s, Toraja was almost unknown to Western tourism. In 1971, about 50 Europeans visited Tana Toraja. In 1972, at least 400 visitors attended the funeral ritual of Puang of Sangalla, the highest-ranking nobleman in Tana Toraja and the so-called "last pure-blooded Toraja noble." The event was documented by National Geographic and broadcast in several European countries. In 1976, about 12,000 tourists visited the regency and in 1981, Torajan sculpture was exhibited in major North American museums. "The land of the heavenly kings of Tana Toraja", as written in the exhibition brochure, embraced the outside world.
In 1984, the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism declared Tana Toraja Regency the prima donna of South Sulawesi. Tana Toraja was heralded as "the second stop after Bali". Tourism was increasing dramatically: by 1985, a total number of 150,000 foreigners had visited the Regency (in addition to 80,000 domestic tourists), and the annual number of foreign visitors was recorded at 40,000 in 1989. Souvenir stands appeared in Rantepao, the cultural center of Toraja, roads were sealed at the most-visited tourist sites, new hotels and tourist-oriented restaurants were opened, and an airstrip was opened in the Regency in 1981.
Tourism developers have marketed Tana Toraja as an exotic adventure—an area rich in culture and off the beaten track. Western tourists expected to see stone-age villages and pagan funerals. Toraja is for tourists who have gone as far as Bali and are willing to see more of the wild, "untouched" islands. However, they were more likely to see a Torajan wearing a hat and denim, living in a Christian society. Tourists felt that the tongkonan and other Torajan rituals had been preconceived to make profits, and complained that the destination was too commercialised. This has resulted in several clashes between Torajans and tourism developers, whom Torajans see as outsiders.
A clash between local Torajan leaders and the South Sulawesi provincial government (as a tourist developer) broke out in 1985. The government designated 18 Toraja villages and burial sites as traditional tourist attractions. Consequently, zoning restrictions were applied to these areas, such that Torajans themselves were barred from changing their tongkonans and burial sites. The plan was opposed by some Torajan leaders, as they felt that their rituals and traditions were being determined by outsiders. As a result, in 1987, the Torajan village of Kété Kesú and several other designated tourist attractions closed their doors to tourists. This closure lasted only a few days, as the villagers found it too difficult to survive without the income from selling souvenirs.
Tourism has also transformed Toraja society. Originally, there was a ritual which allowed commoners to marry nobles (puang) and thereby gain nobility for their children. However, the image of Torajan society created for the tourists, often by "lower-ranking" guides, has eroded its traditional strict hierarchy. High status is not as esteemed in Tana Toraja as it once was. Many low-ranking men can declare themselves and their children nobles by gaining enough wealth through work outside the region and then marrying a noble woman.
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