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Indoor Waterfall Water Feature Fountain - Features / Waterfalls / Fountains
Indoor waterfalls dramatically improve ambiance by bringing the sights and sounds of a modern waterfall into your home or office. The sound of indoor fountains are associated with beautiful nature settings, peaceful vacations and meditative tranquility. An indoor waterfall can provide many health benefits as well. The flow of water captures airborne particles and dust from the air. The slow evaporation of water releases beneficial negative ions into the air and acts as a natural humidifier. For more sensitive environments or healthcare settings we offer a line of indoor fountains incorporating specialized precautions against bacteria and microorganisms. These options include Saniguard coatings, ultraviolet light sterilization systems and reverse osmosis systems.
* Stateful Packet Firewall
* Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
* Intrusion Detection
* Multiple Public IPs
* Traffic Shaping
* VoIP/SIP support
* Portscan Detection
* DoS and DDoS Protection
* SYN/ICMP Flood Protection
* Anti-Spoofing Protection
The pack features a 50 cm top zipper making access to the main compartment very easy. The front has a zippered pocket going the full width of the pack. The bag has two outside pockets, place for a laptop and inner pocket is perfect for carrying your cell phone, wallet, keys.
The bag has a strap attached at the top and bottom, with an adjustable slide to make it a comfortable fit at whatever length you prefer to carry it, slung over your shoulders. A web loop at the top of the bag makes it easy to grab and go.
Fully lined in and orange drill fabric.
40cm High x 30cm Wide x 13cm Deep
Features
*Made from durable polyester bags and heavy duty shiny silver grey coated steel frame
* The laundry sorter features 3 individual wire-handled bags, allow for easy removal
* Swivel large casters glide effortlessly, yet lock when needed
* Easy positioning and easy-to clean
* Fashionable accessory, perfect for home or commercial use
StorageIdeas 3-Bag Laundry Hamper Sorter IB-1005000001: Keep your colors, whites and delicates separated with this stylish Heavy Duty 3-Bag Laundry Sorter! Each heavy duty polyester bag can hold up to one load of laundry. Constructed from shiny silver grey coated heavy duty frame, the hamper is very fashionable and can be a perfect décor to your laundry. Each unit can also move easily with lockable wheels and the bags are also supported by a wire grid tray system on the bottom shelf for added support. This unit measures 35.04-inches W, by 15.75-inches D and by 35.24-inches H.
This auction features an absolutly stunning Antique Wallace Baroque complete 6 piece tea service.
Made in the U.S.A. by Wallace Silversmiths since 1835.
Each piece features an intricate design and beautiful engravings.
There are areas that have been securely attached with epoxy.
As you can see from the pictures there is epoxy located on parts of the lids, handles, and legs. It is a common task for a silversmith or jeweler to properly secure pieces with silver solder. Most of the epoxy can be carefully removed without harming the silver set or durability if you decide to do so.
The approximate measurements are taken from the longest points.
The tray #294F measures 29" long with handles, 17-3/4" wide. Large Wallace sticker on bottom.
The Coffee pot #282 (engraved 441) measures 11-1/2" tall, 10-1/4" diameter.
The tea pot #281 (engraved 4) measures 10-1/4" tall, 9-3/4" diameter. Faded Wallace sticker on the bottom.
The creamer #284 measures 5-1/2" tall X 5" diameter. Small Wallace sticker on bottom.
The sugar #283 measures 6" tall with the lid X 6 3/4" diameter. This is a two-piece set including the lid.
***All my items come with a 14-day return period and ship FREE. This item will be professionally packed, shipped, and insured via UPS (Ground). Please note that UPS will not ship to a P.O. Box. If you only have access to a P.O. Box please choose standard shipping during checkout.
Watch tower with features of Aladdin oil lamps on top of this house and open spaces veranda. The house has a large compound with separate garage and servants quarters at the backside attached with main building.
something of Paper Rex at VALORANT Masters Santiago on set during Features and B-roll in Santiago, Chile (Photo by Colin Young-Wolff/Riot Games)
Leipzig, Germany, 25 May -- Various photos of the Summit
©OECD/ITF, Marco Urban, Marc-Steffen Unger, Simone Neumann
BERLIN - October 1: Peanut of Hanwha Life Esports at the League of Legends World Championship 2024 Swiss Stage Features on October 1, 2024 in Berlin, Germany. (Photo by Adela Sznajder/Riot Games)
Toyota Corolla from Wynwood Miami. We met the owner who gave us the chance to shoot his car outside of a local establishment in Wynwood, The Miami Art district.
janinebeangallery's summer show features paintings and drawings by three young artists from Germany, Bulgaria and the USA.
Berlin artist Gilbert Brohl will present mostly large-sized landscapes, very aware of differing from traditional landscape painting. Buildings in his sceneries are applied with a street-art style stencil-technique as in graffiti art, depicted in opaque colourfulness. In comparison we see the vividly colored paintings and drawings of the Bulgarian artist Iva Vacheva. Her images tell many little stories in which reality and fantasy, lust for living and sadness, erotic attraction and physical disgust, curiosity and weariness steadily blend into one another. Fearless and challenging she presents her often seemingly sinister visions, which always appear easy and humorous though.
For the first time in Berlin: the large-sized drawings of the New York artist Amber Sena. With motifs like quasi photo-realistic drawn sculptures and a distinctive emotional impetus her drawings occupy their very own space. Facing the striking classical reminiscences in the images a formal time frame opens for the spectator, which the artist combines skillfully with the very present expression of timeless achetypes.
Indoor Waterfall Water Feature Fountain - Features / Waterfalls / Fountains
Indoor waterfalls dramatically improve ambiance by bringing the sights and sounds of a modern waterfall into your home or office. The sound of indoor fountains are associated with beautiful nature settings, peaceful vacations and meditative tranquility. An indoor waterfall can provide many health benefits as well. The flow of water captures airborne particles and dust from the air. The slow evaporation of water releases beneficial negative ions into the air and acts as a natural humidifier. For more sensitive environments or healthcare settings we offer a line of indoor fountains incorporating specialized precautions against bacteria and microorganisms. These options include Saniguard coatings, ultraviolet light sterilization systems and reverse osmosis systems.
This shot from Marc Mintz won a first place.
Judge's comment (1st): The form in this stark black and white is classic and the star on the helmet makes it.
A number of recently uncovered archaeological features have been incorporated into the paths through the park including stone setts of a former laneway that ran through the area called Keysers Lane, medieval cobbles and some Georgian-era paving tiles. The park has also been well planted and now includes a number of interactive sound-based installations for children, as well as a new memorial water feature, recalling the children who lost their lives in the events of Easter 1916. The park is also lit at night.
About two months ago I visited this park with a friend who has a negative view of life and everything associated with life and he totally disliked the park complaining that it was fake and not a true representation of the real Dublin. I totally disagreed with him and I was a bit surprised by his claim that the park was created as recently as the 1980s and that it was always a magnet for anti-social activity.
It turns out that my friend is correct about it being a new park but in my opinion that is not important as the area features some of the city’s oldest surviving structures including the most substantial section of the 12th century city walls and the atmospheric St Audoen’s Gate, and the medieval parish church of St Audoen – Dublin’s oldest church in continuous use.
Unfortunately he is, in general, correct about anti-social activity because many parks in the city had been closed to the public for extended periods as the City Council was unwilling to deal with the problems as they arose. However, to be fair, they do appear to have adopted a different approach recently - a few years ago they re-opened the Croppies' Acre and that project has been a success. A few months ago they re-opened the Peace Park on Nicholas Street across the road from Christ Church Cathedral and in March of this year the remodelled St Audoen’s Park at High Street was officially unveiled by Lord Mayor of Dublin Cllr Nial Ring at a ceremony on 14th March.
If you need more information related to Stainless Steel Cold Rolled Sheet then visit here -http://www.jiangsusteel.com/Stainless-Steel-Sheet/Wire-Pipe-Sheet-Bar/Stainless_Steel_Cold_Rolled_Sheet-1241.html
Leipzig, Germany, 25 May -- Various photos of the Summit
©OECD/ITF, Marco Urban, Marc-Steffen Unger, Simone Neumann
Indoor Wall Water Fountain Feature - Features / Fountains
Add ambiance to any room with beautiful indoor wall fountains. We currently have many styles to choose from in a wide variety of frame materials and waterfall face choices. Our skilled artesians are adept at metal fabrication. The metals available for the frames on your water wall have been chosen for attractiveness, durability and ease of fabrication. The most common metals used are copper and stainless steel. The unique marbled or patina finish is applied to the copper of the indoor wall sculptures one piece at a time. A clear coating is then applied to the metal to give it a high gloss finish as well as to protect the copper from naturally developing a green patina over time. On some of our most recent water wall models we will even go further and apply custom artwork or custom patina shading to the metal making your wall sculpture a true piece of unique art.
Indoor Waterfall Water Feature Fountain - Features / Waterfalls / Fountains
Indoor waterfalls dramatically improve ambiance by bringing the sights and sounds of a modern waterfall into your home or office. The sound of indoor fountains are associated with beautiful nature settings, peaceful vacations and meditative tranquility. An indoor waterfall can provide many health benefits as well. The flow of water captures airborne particles and dust from the air. The slow evaporation of water releases beneficial negative ions into the air and acts as a natural humidifier. For more sensitive environments or healthcare settings we offer a line of indoor fountains incorporating specialized precautions against bacteria and microorganisms. These options include Saniguard coatings, ultraviolet light sterilization systems and reverse osmosis systems.
This feature from Makkula earned a second place vote.
Judge's comment (2nd): I just like moments of success, they did something amazing.
Outdoor Garden Water Feature Fountain - Features / Fountains
Garden fountains are beautiful outdoor water accents. Outdoor fountains are used in public parks, gardens, yards, patios and decks. The most traditional design is a tiered waterfall with multiple levels where the water cascades down many levels of stone. A garden fountain is very dramatic and has a high degree of water noise and motion due to the water becoming airborne and crashing into the lower level pool below. The water finds it's way into the pool at the bottom and is taken back to the top again by a powerful water pump to begin it's journey anew. Some famous artists and sculptors have created garden water features which add life and elegance to their sculptures. Today craftsmen and increased knowledge have made available garden fountains for private residences.
The full page 42 from Melbourne newspaper ‘The Herald’ from March 1, 1975, which features the TV guide of the first day of full colour television transmissions in Australia beginning on March 1, 1975. More detail can be read in the TV guide and the general description below.
The official beginning of full-time colour television broadcasts began on midnight (12:00 AM) Saturday March 1, 1975. The ABC chose the first episode of 1975 of the recently new music show Countdown to launch colour television across Australia- the other three major city channels had a variety of choices for their opening colour programming. In Melbourne, Channel Seven (specifically HSV-7) had its own ‘Introduction to Colour’ sequence, followed by a ‘colour marathon’, which began with the 1974 TV movie ‘Bacharach ‘74’. Channel 9 (specifically GTV-9) began its official full-time colour transmission with the 1946 Ray Milland and Barbara Stanwyck movie ‘California’. Channel 0 (specifically ATV-0, now ATV-10, Channel 10) began its full-time colour transmission with the 1965 Frank Sinatra movie ‘Von Ryan’s Express’. Sydney’s viewing was slightly different- apart from Countdown, which the ABC also showed in Sydney (and nationwide), Channel 7 (ATN-7) showed the 1959 movie ‘Black Orpheus’, Channel 9 (TCN-9) showed the movie ‘Home From The Hill’ leading into ‘The Face of Fu Manchu’, and Channel 10 (TEN-10) showed the movie ‘Can Can’.
Worth noting is that prior to the commencement of colour transmissions at midnight, at 9:00PM on February 28, Channel 7 (HSV-7 Melbourne) featured a program ‘Black And White Nostalgia’, which had a look back at their black and white programming prior to the introduction of colour television. This retrospective is almost identical in nature to their retrospective send-off on Tuesday December 10, 2013 for the shutdown of analogue television transmissions in Australia, the clip and detailed description of which can be seen at the following link:
While this Countdown episode was one of the first shows to air in colour after full-time colour transmissions began in Australia on March 1, 1975, the actual first colour transmission in Australia occurred on June 15, 1967, when ATV-0 (Channel 0 Melbourne) broadcast the Pakenham horse races live from 12:00 PM for a 5 hour broadcast, using a $100,000 RCA colour camera, viewed via closed circuit TV, by Sir Reginald Ansett, ATV-0’s then-owner. The introduction of colour television took until 1975 to fully implement in Australia for a number of reasons: the decision to use PAL colour television over NTSC; television was still being rolled out in the more remote parts of the country (such as Darwin) as late as 1971; Australian Government standards for colour TV fire safety; and waiting for costs for TV stations to convert their equipment to broadcast colour TV, along with costs for consumer TV sets, to come down. The date for the transition of March 1, 1975 was set by then-Prime Minister Billy McMahon on February 25, 1972.
Note that in many of the newspaper articles and advertisements of the time, they used the Americanised version of the word ‘color’, rather than the common Australian-used ‘colour’.
To view segments from the original colour episode of Countdown from March 1, 1975, go to the following link:
www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3iDePhxY8KSgWkcB2DsuQ-Qzr...
Many thanks to AS 1979 (www.flickr.com/photos/86792135@N04/) for providing background information.
Features
Travel Duffel Bag
Cabin Size
For Men & Women
Material: Artificial Leather
Number of Compartments: 1
Services
Cash On Delivery available
30 Days Replacement Policy
Indoor Waterfall Water Feature Fountain - Features / Waterfalls / Fountains
Indoor waterfalls dramatically improve ambiance by bringing the sights and sounds of a modern waterfall into your home or office. The sound of indoor fountains are associated with beautiful nature settings, peaceful vacations and meditative tranquility. An indoor waterfall can provide many health benefits as well. The flow of water captures airborne particles and dust from the air. The slow evaporation of water releases beneficial negative ions into the air and acts as a natural humidifier. For more sensitive environments or healthcare settings we offer a line of indoor fountains incorporating specialized precautions against bacteria and microorganisms. These options include Saniguard coatings, ultraviolet light sterilization systems and reverse osmosis systems.
Features T4N 2014 "approved for planting under power lines" trees: Persian Parrotia, Serviceberry and American Hornbeam.
Cowboy Retreat is a 1 bedroom, 2 bath cabin with a SPECTACULAR VIEW. The cabin features an all wooden interior, full size FULLY EQUIPPED KITCHEN with microwave, coffee maker, and dishwasher, living area with a GAS LOGS FIREPLACE, and cable TV with VCR. The main level bedroom has a QUEEN BED, full sized bath with shower tub, and STACK WASHER/DRYER. A spiral staircase in the living area leads upstairs to a LOFT with hardwood floors, 2 person JACUZZI, KING SIZED BED, POOL TABLE, and a deck with rockers for enjoying the view. The love seat sleeper sofa upstairs also sleeps 1 adult or 2 children. The main level deck has a 3-4 PERSON HOT TUB with PRIVACY FENCING and rockers. A Cowboy Retreat also has for your enjoyment: electronic dartboard, DVD/VCR combo on 31" living room TV, and a stereo with CD player.
Indoor Wall Water Fountain Feature - Features / Fountains
Add ambiance to any room with beautiful indoor wall fountains. We currently have many styles to choose from in a wide variety of frame materials and waterfall face choices. Our skilled artesians are adept at metal fabrication. The metals available for the frames on your water wall have been chosen for attractiveness, durability and ease of fabrication. The most common metals used are copper and stainless steel. The unique marbled or patina finish is applied to the copper of the indoor wall sculptures one piece at a time. A clear coating is then applied to the metal to give it a high gloss finish as well as to protect the copper from naturally developing a green patina over time. On some of our most recent water wall models we will even go further and apply custom artwork or custom patina shading to the metal making your wall sculpture a true piece of unique art.
Indoor Waterfall Water Feature Fountain - Features / Waterfalls / Fountains
Indoor waterfalls dramatically improve ambiance by bringing the sights and sounds of a modern waterfall into your home or office. The sound of indoor fountains are associated with beautiful nature settings, peaceful vacations and meditative tranquility. An indoor waterfall can provide many health benefits as well. The flow of water captures airborne particles and dust from the air. The slow evaporation of water releases beneficial negative ions into the air and acts as a natural humidifier. For more sensitive environments or healthcare settings we offer a line of indoor fountains incorporating specialized precautions against bacteria and microorganisms. These options include Saniguard coatings, ultraviolet light sterilization systems and reverse osmosis systems.
This paper toy is Rumbolt the Robot, features a simple retro inspired texture using a more minimal colour scheme, the papercraft is created by Alex G.
The model fits onto a single A4 page with 13 tabs and 2 arms that need to be folded over and glued into place. The toy designs consist of a...
www.papercraftsquare.com/rumbolt-the-robot-free-paper-toy...
This necklace features three awesome "Building Block" beads from Tesori Trovati, African and Czech glass, ceramic, copper, and brass.
You can read more over on my blog at: sjdesignsjewelry.blogspot.com/2014/05/art-bead-scene-chal...
Features two windows with views to backyard garden, decorative fireplace, and closet with additional storage space above it
Staycity Aparthotel in Liverpool.
Can you tell this was originally a 1960's concrete office block?
Nice to see the original staircase and railings are still here. The addition of glass panels behind them allows modern regulations to be met.
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family).
It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word. The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word coco meaning "head" or "skull", from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features.
The coconut is known for its great versatility as seen in the many uses of its different parts and found throughout the tropics and subtropics. Coconuts are part of the daily diets of many people. Coconuts are different from any other fruits because they contain a large quantity of "water" and when immature they are known as tender-nuts or jelly-nuts and may be harvested for drinking. When mature, they still contain some water and can be used as seednuts or processed to give oil from the kernel, charcoal from the hard shell and coir from the fibrous husk. The endosperm is initially in its nuclear phase suspended within the coconut water. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the coconut, becoming the edible coconut "flesh". When dried, the coconut flesh is called copra. The oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking and frying; coconut oil is also widely used in soaps and cosmetics. The clear liquid coconut water within is potable. The husks and leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decorating. The coconut also has cultural and religious significance in many societies that use it.
DESCRIPTION
PLANT
Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 m tall, with pinnate leaves 4–6 m long, and pinnae 60–90 cm long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. Coconuts are generally classified into two general types: tall and dwarf. On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30, mainly due to poor cultural practices. Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 – 20 years to reach peak production.
FRUIT
Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The exocarp and mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut. Coconuts sold in the shops of nontropical countries often have had the exocarp (outermost layer) removed. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. The shell has three germination pores (stoma) or "eyes" that are clearly visible on its outside surface once the husk is removed.
A full-sized coconut weighs about 1.44 kg. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce a tonne of copra.
ROOTS
Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a tap root nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system.
The coconut palm root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. The type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it.
Coconut palms continue to produce roots from the base of the stem throughout its life. The number of roots produced depends on the age of the tree and the environment, with more than 3,600 roots possible on a tree that's 60 to 70 years old.
Roots are usually less than about 3 inches in diameter and uniformly thick from the tree trunk to the root tip.
Inflorescence
The palm produces both the female and male flowers on the same inflorescence; thus, the palm is monoecious. Other sources use the term polygamomonoecious. The female flower is much larger than the male flower. Flowering occurs continuously. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although some dwarf varieties are self-pollinating.
ETYMOLOGY
One of the earliest mentions of the coconut dates back to the One Thousand and One Nights story of Sinbad the Sailor; he is known to have bought and sold coconuts during his fifth voyage. Tenga, its Malayalam and Tamil name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. Even earlier, it was called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra, taken from the Arabs who called it جوز هندي jawz hindī. Both names translate to "Indian nut". In the earliest description of the coconut palm known, given by Cosmos of Alexandria in his Topographia Christiana written about 545 AD, there is a reference to the argell tree and its drupe.
Historical evidence favors the European origin of the name "coconut", for no name is similar in any of the languages of India, where the Portuguese first found the fruit; and indeed Barbosa, Barros, and Garcia, in mentioning the Tamil/Malayalam name tenga, and Canarese narle, expressly say, "we call these fruits quoquos", "our people have given it the name of coco", and "that which we call coco, and the Malabars temga".
The OED states: "Portuguese and Spanish authors of the 16th c. agree in identifying the word with Portuguese and Spanish coco "grinning face, grin, grimace", also "bugbear, scarecrow", cognate with cocar "to grin, make a grimace"; the name being said to refer to the face-like appearance of the base of the shell, with its three holes. According to Losada, the name came from Portuguese explorers, the sailors of Vasco da Gama in India, who first brought them to Europe. The coconut shell reminded them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also côca). The first known recorded usage of the term is 1555.
The specific name nucifera is Latin for "nut-bearing".
Origin, domestication, and dispersal
ORIGIN
The origin of the plant is the subject of debate. O.F. Cook was one of the earliest modern researchers to draw conclusions about the location of origin of Cocos nucifera based on its current-day worldwide distribution. He hypothesized that the coconut originated in the Americas, based on his belief that American coconut populations predated European contact and because he considered pan-tropical distribution by ocean currents improbable. Thor Heyerdahl later used this hypothesis of the American origin of the coconut to support his theory that the Pacific Islanders originated in South America. However, more evidence exists for an Indo-Pacific origin either around Melanesia and Malesia or the Indian Ocean. The oldest fossils known of the modern coconut dating from the Eocene period from around 37 to 55 million years ago were found in Australia and India. However, older palm fossils such as some of nipa fruit have been found in the Americas. Since 1978, the work on tracing the probable origin and dispersal of Cocos nucifera has only recently been augmented by a publication on the germination rate of the coconut seednut and another on the importance of the coral atoll ecosystem. Briefly, the coconut originated in the coral atoll ecosystem — without human intervention — and required a thick husk and slow germination to survive and disperse.
DOMESTICATION
Coconuts could not reach inland locations without human intervention (to carry seednuts, plant seedlings, etc.) and it was early germination on the palm (vivipary) that was important, rather than increasing the number or size of the edible parts of a fruit that was already large enough. Human cultivation of the coconut selected, not for larger size, but for thinner husks and increased volume of endosperm, the solid “meat” or liquid “water” that provides the fruit its food value. Although these modifications for domestication would reduce the fruit’s ability to float, this ability would be irrelevant to a cultivated population.
Among modern C. nucifera, two major types or variants: a thick-husked, angular fruit and a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm reflect a trend of cultivation in C. nucifera: the first coconuts were of the niu kafa type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. As early human communities began to harvest coconuts for eating and planting, they (perhaps unintentionally) selected for a larger endosperm to husk ratio and a broader, spherical base, which rendered the fruit useful as a cup or bowl, thus creating the niu vai type. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. Harries’ adoption of the Polynesian terms niu kafa and niu vai has now passed into general scientific discourse, and his hypothesis is generally accepted.
Variants of C. nucifera are also categorized as Tall (var. typica) or Dwarf (var. nana). The two groups are genetically distinct, with the Dwarf variety showing a greater degree of artificial selection for ornamental traits and for early germination and fruiting. The Tall variety is outcrossing while Dwarf palms are incrossing, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the Tall group. It is believed that the Dwarf subgroup mutated from the Tall group under human selection pressure.
DISPERSAL
It is often stated that coconuts can travel 110 days, or 4,800 km, by sea and still be able to germinate. This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki: "The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. Every single one of these was ruined by the sea water. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it." He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more. However, it is more than likely that the coconut variety Heyerdahl chose for his long sea voyage was of the large, fleshy, spherical niu vai type, which Harries observed to have a significantly shorter germination type and worse buoyancy than the uncultivated niu kafa type. Therefore, Heyerdahl’s observations cannot be considered conclusive when it comes to determining the independent dispersal ability of the uncultivated coconut.
Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided. This provides some circumstantial evidence that Austronesian peoples carried coconuts across the ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. More recently, genomic analysis of cultivated coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) has shed light on the movements of Austronesian peoples. By examining 10 microsatellite loci, researchers found two genetically distinct subpopulations of coconut - one originating in the Indian Ocean, the other in the Pacific Ocean. However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. Given that coconuts are ideally suited for ocean dispersal, individuals from one population possibly could have floated to the other. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. Additionally, a genetically distinct subpopulation of coconut on the Pacific coast of Latin America has undergone a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect; however, its ancestral population is the Pacific coconut. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas.
DISTRIBUTION
The coconut has spread across much of the tropics, probably aided in many cases by seafaring people. Coconut fruit in the wild are light, buoyant and highly water resistant, and evolved to disperse significant distances via marine currents. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway. In the Hawaiian Islands, the coconut is regarded as a Polynesian introduction, first brought to the islands by early Polynesian voyagers from their homelands in Oceania. They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years, but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America predates Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas. They are now almost ubiquitous between 26°N and 26°S except for the interiors of Africa and South America.
NATURAL HABITAT
The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1500 mm to 2500 mm annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. Coconuts also need high humidity (70–80%+) for optimum growth, which is why they are rarely seen in areas with low humidity. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250 mm of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid.
Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37 °C, and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 4–12 °C; they will survive brief drops to 0 °C. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of −4 °C. They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda.
The conditions required for coconut trees to grow without any care are:
- Mean daily temperature above 12–13 °C every day of the year
- Mean annual rainfall above 1000 mm
- No or very little overhead canopy, since even small trees require direct sun
The main limiting factor for most locations which satisfy the rainfall and temperature requirements is canopy growth, except those locations near coastlines, where the sandy soil and salt spray limit the growth of most other trees.
DISEASES
Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease lethal yellowing. One recently selected cultivar, the Maypan, has been bred for resistance to this disease.
PESTS
The coconut palm is damaged by the larvae of many Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species which feed on it, including Batrachedra spp.: B. arenosella, B. atriloqua (feeds exclusively on C. nucifera), B. mathesoni (feeds exclusively on C. nucifera), and B. nuciferae.
Brontispa longissima (coconut leaf beetle) feeds on young leaves, and damages both seedlings and mature coconut palms. In 2007, the Philippines imposed a quarantine in Metro Manila and 26 provinces to stop the spread of the pest and protect the $800 million Philippine coconut industry.
The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating: it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive.
In Kerala (India), the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil and the coconut leaf caterpillar. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009 yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode continue to work on countermeasures. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach (CAGA) to combat coconut mites.
PRODUCTION AND CULTIVATION
Coconut palms are grown in more than 90 countries of the world, with a total production of 62 million tonnes per year (table). Most of the world production is in tropical Asia, with Indonesia, the Philippines and India accounting collectively for 73% of the world total (table).
CULTIVATION
Coconut trees are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed.
The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán.
HARVESTING
In some parts of the world (Thailand and Malaysia), trained pig-tailed macaques are used to harvest coconuts. Training schools for pig-tailed macaques still exist both in southern Thailand and in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. Competitions are held each year to find the fastest harvester.
INDIA
Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. As per 2013-14 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 92% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (31.93%), Kerala (27.54%), Karnataka (23.26%), and Andhra Pradesh (8.43%). Other states, such as Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for the remaining productions. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list.
Various terms, such as copra and coir, are derived from the native Malayalam language. In Kerala, the coconut tree is called "Thengu" also termed as kalpa vriksham, which essentially means all parts of a coconut tree is useful some way or other. In Tamil Nadu, a coconut tree is called as "Thennai maram" and tender coconut is called as "Ilaneer" in the native language.
MALDIVES
The coconut is the national tree of the Maldives and is considered the most important plant in the country. A coconut tree is also included in the country's national emblem or coat of arms. Coconut trees are grown on all the islands. Before modern construction methods were introduced, coconut leaves were used as roofing material for many houses in the islands, while coconut timber was used to build houses and boats.
MIDDLE EAST
The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. Omani people needed the coir rope from the coconut fiber to stitch together their traditional high seas-going dhow vessels in which nails were never used. The 'know how' of coconut cultivation and necessary soil fixation and irrigation may have found its way into Omani, Hadrami and Al-Mahra culture by people who returned from those overseas areas.
The coconut cultivars grown in Oman are generally of the drought-resistant Indian "West Coast tall" (WC Tall) variety. Unlike the UAE, which grows mostly non-native dwarf or hybrid coconut cultivars imported from Florida for ornamental purposes, the slender, tall Omani coconut cultivars are relatively well-adapted to the Middle East's hot dry seasons, but need longer to reach maturity. The Middle East's hot, dry climate favors the development of coconut mites, which cause immature seed dropping and may cause brownish-gray discoloration on the coconut's outer green fiber.
The ancient coconut groves of Dhofar were mentioned by the medieval Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta in his writings, known as Al Rihla.[52] The annual rainy season known locally as Khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast.
Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the UAE and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. The artificial landscaping adopted in Florida may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. It is spread by host insects, that thrive on heavy turf grasses. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. Due to growing sedentary life styles and heavy-handed landscaping, there has been a decline in these traditional farming and soil-fixing techniques.
SRI LANKA
An early mention of the planting of coconuts is found in the Mahavamsa during the reign of Agrabodhi II around 589 AD. Coconuts are common in the Sri Lankan diet and the main source of dietary fat.
UNITED STATES
In the United States coconut palms can be grown and reproduced outdoors without irrigation in Hawaii, southern and central Florida, and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
In Florida, Coconut palms will grow from coastal Pinellas County and St. Petersburg southwards on Florida's west coast, and Melbourne southwards on Florida's east coast. The occasional coconut palm is seen north of these areas in favoured microclimates in Tampa and Clearwater, as well as around Cape Canaveral and Daytona Beach on the east coast. They reach fruiting maturity, but can be damaged or killed by the occasional winter freezes in these areas. In South Texas they may also be grown in favoured microclimates around the Rio Grande Valley near Brownsville, and as far north as Corpus Christi , however more severe cold snaps keep them from producing viable fruit.
AUSTRALIA
Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales.
BERMUDA
Most of the tall mature coconut trees found in Bermuda were shipped to the island as seedlings on the decks of ships. In more recent years, the importation of coconuts was prohibited, therefore, a large proportion of the younger trees have been propagated from locally grown coconuts.
In the winter months, the growth rate of coconut trees declines due to cooler temperatures and people have commonly attributed this to the reduced yield of coconuts in comparison to tropical regions. However, whilst cooler winter temperatures may be a factor in reducing fruit production, the primary reason for the reduced yield is a lack of water. Bermuda's soil is generally very shallow (1.5 to 3 feet) and much of a coconut tree's root mass is found in the porous limestone underneath the soil. Due to the porosity of the limestone, Bermuda's coconut trees do not generally have a sufficient supply of water with which they are able to support a large number of fruit as rain water quickly drains down through the limestone layer to the water table which is far too deep for a coconut's roots to reach. This typically leads to a reduction in fruit yield (sometimes as little as one or two mature fruits) as well as a reduced milk content inside the coconut that often causes the fruit to be infertile.
Conversely, trees growing in close proximity to the sea almost universally yield a much greater volume of fruit as they are able to tap directly into the sea water which permeates the limestone in such areas. Not only do these trees produce a significantly higher yield, but also the fruit itself tends to be far more fertile due to the higher milk content. Trees found growing in Bermuda's marshy inland areas enjoy a similar degree of success as they are also able to tap directly into a constant supply of water.
EUROPE
As a tropical plant, coconut is not native to Europe, but grows in tropical territories of European countries, such as Martinique and Guadeloupe (France), the Canary Islands (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal).
COOLER CLIMATES
In cooler climates (but not less than USDA Zone 9), a similar palm, the queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), is used in landscaping. Its fruits are very similar to the coconut, but much smaller. The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. A recently discovered palm, Beccariophoenix alfredii from Madagascar, is nearly identical to the coconut, more so than the queen palm and can also be grown in slightly cooler climates than the coconut palm. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18 °C and need a daily temperature above 22 °C to produce fruit.
USES
The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. Coconuts' versatility is sometimes noted in its naming. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). In the Malay language, it is pokok seribu guna ("the tree of a thousand uses"). In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life".
COOKING
The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. The seed provides oil for frying, cooking, and making margarine. The white, fleshy part of the seed, the coconut meat, is used fresh or dried in cooking, especially in confections and desserts such as macaroons. Desiccated coconut or coconut milk made from it is frequently added to curries and other savory dishes. Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. Coconut chips have been sold in the tourist regions of Hawaii and the Caribbean. Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified coconut oil, but has also been adopted as a name by certain specialty products made of coconut milk solids or puréed coconut meat and oil. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Some dried coconut is purely coconut but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. Some countries in South East Asia use special coconut mutant called Kopyor (in Indonesian) or macapuno (in Philippines) as a dessert drinks.
NUTRITION
Per 100 gram serving with 354 calories, raw coconut meat supplies a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat) and carbohydrates (24 grams) (table). Micronutrients in significant content include the dietary minerals, manganese, iron, phosphorus and zinc (table).
COCONUT WATER
Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Later, the endosperm matures and deposits onto the coconut rind during the cellular phase. It is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and has been introduced into the retail market as a processed sports drink. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young, immature coconuts, barring spoilage. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar.
Per 100 gram (100 ml) serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients.
COCONUT MILK
Coconut milk, not to be confused with coconut water, is obtained primarily by extracting juice by pressing the grated coconut white kernel or by passing hot water or milk through grated coconut, which extracts the oil and aromatic compounds. It has a total fat content of 24%, most of which (89%) is saturated fat, with lauric acid as a major fatty acid. When refrigerated and left to set, coconut cream will rise to the top and separate from the milk. The milk can be used to produce virgin coconut oil by controlled heating and removal of the oil fraction.
A protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation and spray drying.
COCONUT OIL
Another byproduct of the coconut is coconut oil. It is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. It can be used in liquid form as would other vegetable oils, or in solid form as would butter or lard.
TODDY AND NECTAR
The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as neera, also known as toddy or tuba (Philippines), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia) or karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati. When left to ferment on its own, it becomes palm wine. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog or "coconut vodka".
The sap can be reduced by boiling to create a sweet syrup or candy such as te kamamai in Kiribati or dhiyaa hakuru and addu bondi in the Maldives. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 liters of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400 liters.
HEART OF PALM AND COCONUT SPROUT
Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. They are considered a rare delicacy, as harvesting the buds kills the palms. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". Newly germinated coconuts contain an edible fluff of marshmallow-like consistency called coconut sprout, produced as the endosperm nourishes the developing embryo.
INDONESIA
Coconut is an indispensable ingredient in Indonesian cooking. Coconut meat, coconut milk and coconut water are often used in main courses, desserts and soups throughout the archipelago. In the island of Sumatra, the famous Rendang, the traditional beef stew from West Sumatra, chunks of beef are cooked in coconut milk along with other spices for hours until thickened. In Jakarta, "Soto Babat" or beef tripe soup also uses coconut milk. In the island of Java, the sweet and savoury "Tempe Bacem" is made by cooking tempeh with coconut water, coconut sugar and other spices until thickened. "Klapertart" is the famous Dutch-influenced dessert from Manado, North Celebes, that uses young coconut meat and coconut milk. In 2010, Indonesia increased its coconut production. It is now the world's second largest producer of coconuts. The gross production was 15 million tonnes. A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian Scouting organization. It can be seen on all the scouting paraphernalia that elementary (SMA) school children wear as well as on the scouting pins and flags.
PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is the world's largest producer of coconuts; the production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy. Coconuts in the Philippines are usually used in making main dishes, refreshments and desserts. Coconut juice is also a popular drink in the country. In the Philippines, particularly Cebu, rice is wrapped in coconut leaves for cooking and subsequent storage; these packets are called puso. Coconut milk, known as gata, and grated coconut flakes are used in the preparation of dishes such as laing, ginataan, bibingka, ube halaya, pitsi-pitsi, palitaw, buko and coconut pie. Coconut jam is made by mixing muscovado sugar with coconut milk. Coconut sport fruits are also harvested. One such variety of coconut is known as macapuno. Its meat is sweetened, cut into strands and sold in glass jars as coconut strings, sometimes labeled as "gelatinous mutant coconut". Coconut water can be fermented to make a different product - nata de coco (coconut gel).
VIETNAM
In Vietnam, coconut is grown abundantly across Central and Southern Vietnam, and especially in Bến Tre Province, often called the "land of the coconut". It is used to make coconut candy, caramel, and jelly. Coconut juice and coconut milk are used, especially in Vietnam's southern style of cooking, including kho, chè and curry (cà ri).
INDIA
In southern India, most common way of cooking vegetables is to add grated coconut and then steam them with spices fried in oil. People from southern India also make chutney, which involves grinding the coconut with salt, chillies, and whole spices. Uruttu chammanthi (granulated chutney) is eaten with rice or kanji (rice gruel). It is also invariably the main side dish served with idli, vadai, and dosai. Coconut ground with spices is also mixed in sambar and other various lunch dishes for extra taste. Dishes garnished with grated coconut are generally referred to as poduthol in North Malabar and thoran in rest of Kerala. Puttu is a culinary delicacy of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, in which layers of coconut alternate with layers of powdered rice, all of which fit into a bamboo stalk. Recently, this has been replaced with a steel or aluminium tube, which is then steamed over a pot. Coconut (Tamil: தேங்காய்) is regularly broken in the middle-class families in Tamil Nadu for food. Coconut meat can be eaten as a snack sweetened with jaggery or molasses. In Karnataka sweets are prepared using coconut and dry coconut "copra"., Like Kaie Obattu, Kobri mitai etc.
WIKIPEDIA
Edited ISS042 image of interesting features in the Sahara Desert. (I think this is the first time I've seen sun glint come from the Sahara Desert...)
ADVANCED FEATURES
THX Ultra2 Plus Certified (with THX Listening Modes)
DTS-HD Master Audio™, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio™, Dolby® TrueHD, Dolby® Digital Plus Decoding
HDMI™ (Version 1.3a to Support Deep Color™, x.v.Color™, LipSync, Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio, DVD-Audio, Super Audio CD)
HDMI Video Upscaling (Up to 1080p) with HQV Reon-VX
HDMI Audio and Video Processing (4 Inputs and 2 Outputs [Main/Sub])
Component Video Upscaling (Up to 1080i)
Toroidal Transformer and Two Separate Transformers for Audio and Video Processing
Burr-Brown 192 kHz/24-Bit Audio DACs (PCM1796) for All Channels
Three TI (Aureus™) 32-Bit DSP Chips for Advanced Processing
Audyssey MultEQ™ XT* to Correct Room Acoustic Problems and to Calibrate Speakers
Audyssey Dynamic EQ™ for Loudness Correction
Audyssey Dynamic Volume™ for Optimal Listening Level and Dynamic Range
VLSC (Vector Linear Shaping Circuitry)
Zone 2 and Zone 3 Pre Outs; Independent Control for Volume, Balance (Zone 2 and Zone 3) and Bass/Treble (Zone 2 Only)
Component Video and Composite Video Outputs for Zone 2; Subwoofer Pre Outs for Zone 2 and Zone 3
ISF (Imaging Science Foundation) Video Calibration Function
RIHD (Remote Interactive over HDMI) for System Control
Compatible with RI (Remote Interactive) Dock for the iPod
*Including installation with MultEQ Pro software application and Audyssey Installer Kit
CONNECTIVITY FEATURES
7.1-Channel Balanced Line-Level XLR Pre Outs (with Front Bi-Amping Capability)
2-Channel Balanced XLR Audio Inputs
Dual IR Inputs with Common Output
12 V Triggers (A, B, and C) with Adjustable Delay
Bi-Directional Ethernet and RS232 Ports
Component Video Switching (3 Inputs and 1 Output)
6 Digital Inputs (3 Optical and 3 Coaxial) and 1 Optical Output
6 S-Video Inputs and 2 Outputs
6 Composite Video Inputs and 2 Outputs
Color-Coded 7.1-Multichannel Inputs and Pre Outs
6 A/V Inputs and 1 Output
2 Audio Inputs and 1 Output
Phono Input
Front Panel Auxiliary Inputs (for Camcorders, Game Consoles, etc.)
OTHER FEATURES
Music Optimizer to Support Compressed Music Files
Theater-Dimensional Virtual Surround Function
Tone Control (Bass/Treble) for All Channels
Independent Crossover Adjustment for F/C/S/SB (40/45/50/55/60/70/80/90/100/110/120/130/150/200 Hz)
Newly Designed GUI for System Set-up
Neural-THX® Surround Decoder
Gold-Plated A/V Inputs and Outputs
Pure Audio Mode
Network Capability for Installing Crestron and AMX Controllers
A/V Synchronization Function (Up to 250 ms in 5 ms Steps)
40 FM/AM Radio Presets with RDS
IntelliVolume
Late Night Mode
Aluminum Front Panel
Preprogrammed RI (Remote Interactive) Learning Remote Control with Macros and Mode-Key LEDs
A bust in the sculpture room at Chatsworth House in Derbyshire. I liked the high contrast and shadows that fell on the form.
Features:
1. Quad-band: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHZ.
2. Dual SIM card phone.
3. 3.0 inch display screen.
4. Handwritten input.
5. 64 channels polyphonic ringtone.
6. MP3 / MP4 multimedia player.
7. 2.0MP camera.
8. Bluetooth function.
9. 9 kinds of languaages: Chinese, English, French, Vietnam, Turkish, Persia, Russian, Arabic, Spanish.
10. Display Type：QVGA, 16M colors
11. Display Size：3.2 inch, high definition flat touch screen, 240×320 pixels
12. Ringtones Type：# Polyphonic (72 channels) # Support mp3, mp4, midi of ringtone formats
13. Ringtones Amount:Depend on the storage size
14. Ringtones Customization: Downloadable
15. Vibration:Yes
16. Music:Support MP3 background play, support equalizer, support bluetooth stereo, hand shaking change music
17. Video: 3GP / MP4, support to play in full screen, forward and pause, support video auto horizontal screen playing
Phonebook：Can store 300 phonebooks
18. Connectivity：GPRS / WAP
Internal Memory：Packed with 256M TF card, support TF card up to 2G extended
19. Messaging：200 SMS, MMS
Data transfer：USB cable / Bluetooth
20. Games：2 common games
21. Camera：# High-definition camera # Support to shoot MP4 with sound, the time depends on storage size
More info please visit: www.mycellbay.com/product.php?productid=17&cat=0&...
Holvaaja features an Aketch sculpt in Coffee resin. This unique made-to-order full set fantasy doll has been growing throughout this year, with elements added as inspiration strikes. The concept for the character is a dark elf that travels through portals to different worlds, picking elements from various time periods and civilizations. I'm so happy to be able to work on such a fun commission project!
Holvaaja wears garments made of African Ankara fabric and their (the character is intersex) belt and sandals are decorated with African inspired beadwork and feathers. The wild white hair made of mulberry silk roving is adorned with a antlers evoking the Celtic horned God mythology. Bird skulls and little bones are suspended in the prongs like a gruesome dreamcatcher. They carry a shaman's staff with various animal skulls, 3 Viking axes, 3 leather masks, and a shamanic drum with Sámi (Lapland minority people) pictographs. It was nice to add a bit of my own Finnish culture into this collector of talismans. Their body is adorned with fantasy war paint.
The name Holvaaja is Finnish and means "Maker of Portals". It is a nod to one of my favourite childhood books, Lavondyss by Robert Holdstock where a young girl Tallis makes masks to create 'Hollowings' — pathways in space and time which allow her to step through time and mythology.
Everything is handmade by me, except for the 3D printed skulls ( ordered from ETSY artisan Scale Grail) and metal axes (jewellery parts I got somewhere years ago) I only painted.