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Here is a different view of the very contemporary and colourful Biochemistry in The Oxford Science Park. The light was very low this afternoon so we could only shoot the top of the building but I'm sure with some patience and determination you could get some amazing shots out of this building.
Here is some info about the building:
The new £49 million, 12,000 sq m Biochemistry building at the University of Oxford designed by Hawkins\Brown architects is now complete.
The distinctive facility with its glass facades and coloured glass fins brings together 300 lecturers, researchers and students previously based in a number of separate buildings across the University’s Science Area. Inside, a large open atrium with breakout spaces and specially commissioned artworks encourages collaboration between the researchers.
The transparent glass exterior of the building makes the laboratories with biomedical researchers at work visible from the outside. Coloured glass fins all around the building cast changing patterns of light while solar cells on the roof provide a significant part of the building’s electricity.
Ceviche pairs excellently with many different beers. For a fun, fruity pairing, try matching it up with a fruit lambic like Lindemans Framboise. The ceviche’s oceanic and herby flavors match nicely with the strong fruit of the lambic, and they share a tanginess that is fresh and inspiring.
www.foodthinkers.com/2010/05/ceviche/
CEVICHE
Ingredients
2 pounds raw shrimp, peeled and deveined
½ pound of fresh local fish, such as striped bass filet, diced into ½-inch cubes
3 limes
1 lemon
1 orange
1 cup fresh raspberries
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 medium tomato, seeds and liquid removed, finely chopped
¾ cup green onion, minced
½ green pepper, minced
½ jalapeño, seeded and minced
½ bunch Italian parsley, finely chopped
1 teaspoon olive oil
salt and pepper to taste
Boston or Bibb lettuce leaves (for lining serving glasses)
avocado slices (for garnish)
Instructions
1. Using your juicer, juice the lime, lemon, orange, and raspberries.
2. Place shrimp and fish in a large bowl with the fruit juice and the minced garlic. Cover and place in the refrigerator for one hour, or until fish and shrimp are opaque.
3. In another bowl, mix tomato, onion, green pepper, jalapeño, parsley, olive oil, salt, and pepper. Combine all ingredients.
4. Artfully arrange lettuce leaves in martini glasses, and fill with ceviche. Garnish with an avocado slice.
■ Plaza de España (Seville, Spain).
Taken handheld with my Panasonic Lumix TZ7 (ZS3) in blazing sun ( 60 mm, F4.5, 1/500, ISO 125 ). Hot sunlight was overwhelming and I wanted to try this highly contrasty scene, what with these arches in the relatively shadowy hallway while the fountain in the outside was extremely well lit.
There's another picture in this same set taken from this same location but at a shorter focal length and different aspect ratio.
■ Plaza de España (Sevilla).
Tomada a pulso con una Panasonic Lumix TZ7 (ZS3) bajo un sol deslumbrante ( 60 mm, F4.5, 1/500, ISO 125 ). La luz y el calor eran realmente abrumadores y queria probar como quedaba esta escena altamente contrastada, con esos arcos en el relativamente sombrio corredor mientras que la fuente en el exterior esta bajo una fuerte iluminacion.
Hay otra foto en este mismo album tomada desde este mismo lugar pero a longitud focal mas corta y con diferente proporcion de imagen.
Although Tethys and Janus both orbit Saturn and are both made of more or less the same materials, they are very different worlds. via NASA ift.tt/1RftqBR
Two different R1200RT-Ps and the F800ST here.!
I have done three sets of two shifts now. Each shift is 12 hours hence 72 hours done! On average I have done four to six runs per shift, sometimes two jobs on one run. If we said five per shift and I have done six shifts that is 30 runs.. Wonder how much the taxis charged the hospitals for conveying the blood & tissue samples!
Nice to know I am saving the NHS some valuable dosh! :)
Whiteknights Emergency Voluntary Service (EVS) is a Blood Bike Charity that provides a voluntary urgent courier service to the NHS, completely free of charge.
A different take on the subject when none of the burners were on using a longer exposure.
Sony NEX-5n
Fujian 35mm F/1.7 cctv lens
This is a photograph from the Cork City Marathon 2014 which was held in Cork City, Ireland on Bank Holiday Monday June 2nd 2014 starting at 09:00. There are three different events: The full marathon, The Half Marathon, and a full relay of the full marathon course.
Electronic Timing and Event Management and Registration was provided by Precision Timing - their website will have results of the race (www.precisiontiming.net/results.aspx)
We have a set of photographs from today's races at various points. Firstly at the 1 mile mark and then along the Mardyke (around 3:15 - 3:30 marathon finish time) and finally at the finish around 4:50 to 5:00 marathon finish time. The full set is available at www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644970559902/
Some links, related to this race, which you might find useful:
Official Race Website: www.corkcitymarathon.ie/
Running in Cork Blog: corkrunning.blogspot.ie/
Running in Cork Blog: corkrunning.blogspot.ie/2014/06/results-photos-of-2014-co...
We use Creative Commons Licensing
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.
This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
How can I get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
I could have shot this at a different angle, away from the sun, straightened the image, or just straight out deleted it. But I didn't. I like it because of the moment captured and the different, captivating perspective of the photograph.
Taken at Minnesota Wildlife Connection
The HSCC Open Wheel Race at the Walter Hayes Trophy on 1.11.14 brought out a number of cars not often seen at Silverstone. A pensive John Hutchison Snr is seen in his 1969 Lotus Twin-Cam powered Formula B Crossle 14F #C14F-69-42, the preparation of which is a fitting tribute to founder John Crossle who passed away four months ago.
At Marco Polo Bridge
The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge is a stone bridge located 15 km southwest of Beijing city center in the Fengtai District. It bridges the Yongding River, a major tributary of Hai River.
Hundreds of artistically unique stone lions from different eras line both sides of the bridge. The most intriguing feature of these beasts is the fact that there are more lions hiding on the head, back or under the belly or on paws of each of the big lions. Investigations to determine the total number of animals have been carried out on several occasions but the results have proved inconsistent, ranging anywhere from 482 to 501. However, record has it that there were originally a total of 627 lions. The posture of each lion varies, as do their ages. Most date from the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties, some are from the earlier Yuan dynasty (1271–1368); while the few lions dating from as long ago as the Jin dynasty (1115-1234) are now quite rare.
Photo by Sony A7mII + Rollei HFT 50/1.8
Dimanche matin, le lent cortège des différentes embarcations à voiles, des plus traditionnelles aux plus high-tech, a pris le départ de Saint-Malo. Sous une légère brise, les équipages ont croisé au large et ont rejoint la pointe du Grouin, puis ont longé le littoral depuis Port-Mer, Port-Picain, Port-Briac, l'île des Rimains, le Rocher de Cancale puis le port de la Houle, à marée haute.
Les touristes et les amateurs de navigation étaient à terre pour observer ce ballet depuis les chemins côtiers et le port. Pour les néophytes, cette manifestation est davantage un spectacle qu'un défi nautique et les résultats des régates importent surtout pour les marins, qui pourront garder un souvenir de leur participation au dos de leur tee-shirt.
Vers Chausey et Granville
« Un concours photo a lieu pendant quatre jours, jusqu'à mardi. Les équipages et les spectateurs peuvent participer, a rappelé l'un des organisateurs. La meilleure photo prise sur l'eau sera récompensée par un tirage de l'affiche du Branlebas de régates édition 2015, signé par l'artiste et l'équipe organisatrice du Branlebas. À terre, la personne dont le cliché remportera l'adhésion du jury gagnera deux places pour une sortie en mer sur un trimaran avec Gilles Lamiré. »
À l'origine, ces challenges permettaient aux plaisanciers et aux pêcheurs de se mesurer sur leurs aptitudes de tacticiens à tirer le meilleur parti de leurs bateaux. Une longue histoire sportive en mer, qui perdure. Cet événement est très attendu des passionnés, car les conditions physiques entrent en ligne de compte.
Une parade des voiliers à la Houle a clos les épreuves en fin d'après-midi, suivie d'un moment de détente et de camaraderie à Port-Mer, dans une ambiance de chants de marin avec le groupe des Pirates.
Une nouvelle étape est prévue vers Chausey depuis Cancale, puis jusqu'à Granville, nouveauté 2015, avec, enfin, le retour sur Saint-Malo.
La première partie du Branlebas de régates s'est achevée, samedi, à Saint-Malo, dans des conditions idéales, malgré l'annulation de la première manche, due à un faible vent.
Les bateaux du Branlebas de régates 2015 ont mis toutes voiles dehors, direction Cancale, pour la deuxième partie de la compétition, ce dimanche.
Samedi, la première étape s'est achevée à Saint-Malo dans des conditions idéales, avec un grand soleil et un vent soufflant entre 12 et 15 noeuds.
Des conditions idéales
Une belle fin d'étape, après l'annulation de la première manche, le matin, à cause de vents trop faibles.
La première partie du Branlebas de régates 2015 a été remportée par Arnaud Legal, dans le groupe des voiliers classiques. Dans le groupe Osiris, Luke Berry se place en première position, alors que Theo Efflam rafle la première place du podium, dans la catégorie Muscadet.
Le classement, provisoire, évoluera avec la suite de la compétition.
Les régates ont fait le bonheur des quelques badauds, réunis sur le Môle des noires, pour la parade de 16h30. Stars de l'événement, la bisquine Cancalaise et le Marie-Fernand, ont fait crépiter les appareils photo des spectateurs.
Les bateaux du Branlebas de régates ont vogué sur les eaux malouines, samedi. Environ 70 navires étaient au départ des deux étapes de la course, à 14 h, puis à 16 h 30. Les amateurs ont côtoyé de grands navigateurs, comme Thibaut Vauchel-Camus, second de la Route du Rhum 2014.
S'il n'y avait pas foule sur le Môle des Noires pour admirer le spectacle, les quelques badauds venus photographier les régates étaient ravis. Parmi les bateaux se trouvaient des petits bijoux. Le voilier Marie-Fernand, classé Monument historique, participait pour la troisième fois. Construit en 1894, il conserve son apparence d'époque, lorsqu'il ramenait les pilotes jusqu'aux navires arrivant au port.
L'étape malouine du Branlebas de régates s'est achevée dans des conditions idéales, malgré l'annulation de la première manche, le matin, due à des vents trop faibles. Les régates ont ensuite mis toutes voiles dehors, direction Cancale, pour la deuxième étape, hier.
Le Branlebas s'est élancé. Plus de 70 bateaux inscrits dont 22 classiques, ce qui marque un record dans cette catégorie et permet même deux classements différents : gréements auriques et les gréements marconis. Un temps magnifique a accompagné, hier, la première journée du Branlebas de Régates. Parade sous le soleil La première course du matin a dû être annulée faute de vent mais la flotte est bien repartie dès l'après-midi des Ébihens pour rentrer vers la cité corsaire. Un vent de face a permis de tirer de longs bords de près et une belle redescente au portant jusqu'à Saint-Malo. À 16 h 45 a commencé la course parade entre Classiques, Osiris et Muscadets. Le spectacle était visible depuis la cité d'Aleth, le Môle des Noires, mais aussi des plages du Môle et de Bonsecours bondées de monde. Côté course, en temps réel, c'est le Class 40, de Thibaut Vauchel Camus, qui a remporté la deuxième manche à près de six minutes du second. Chez les Classiques, c'est le cotre aurique de 1908 qui est arrivé premier. Parmi les Muscadets, Bouge Tranquille a pris la première place. Mais rien n'est joué : les temps doivent être compensés par les différents handicaps et le Branlebas dure encore trois jours. Aujourd'hui, c'est la jetée de la Houle de Cancale qui accueille le spectacle dès 15 h.
Pendant quatre jours, près de 80 équipages vont batailler, dans une ambiance bon enfant, au large de la Cité corsaire, et même jusqu'à Granville (Manche).
Inspiré des grandes joutes nautiques organisées au milieu du XIXe siècle dans la région, le Branlebas de régates part du port des Bas Sablons, ce samedi matin, à 9 h 55. Pendant quatre jours, jusqu'à mardi, près de 80 équipages vont se tirer la bourre entre Saint-Malo, Les Hébihens, Cancale, Chausey, et, pour la première fois, jusqu'à Granville (Manche). « Le port de Granville fête ses quarante ans cette année. On a donc souhaité y passer pour participer aux festivités », explique Christian Rouxel, responsable de la communication de la Société nautique de la baie de Saint-Malo (SNBSM).
Une course parade se tient aujourd'hui dans la baie de Saint-Malo, visible par le public depuis le Môle des Noires. « On a essayé de reproduire l'esprit des régates du XIXe, qui se déroulaient en public pour le 14-Juillet. »
Bonne ambiance
Le Branlebas permet aux plaisanciers, désireux de participer à la course, de se mesurer aux pêcheurs et vieux loups de mer. « Mais la course se déroule dans une très bonne ambiance ! » souligne Marie, agent immobilier, qui prend le départ de la course pour la deuxième fois.
Des embarcations exceptionnelles prendront le départ de la régate, comme le Marie-Fernand, un voilier havrais classé monument historique. Aussi, la course séduit de grands navigateurs, tels que Servane Escoffier, Gilles Lamiré et Thibaut Vauchel-Camus, second de la Route du Rhum 2014 en monocoque Class 40.
Le Branlebas des Régates est une course de bateaux historiques qui se disputera du 8 au 11 août.
La Société nautique de la baie de Saint-Malo, organisatrice, espère réunir cent concurrents, notamment des Anglais. La flotte ira alors, et c'est une nouveauté, à Granville.
Les régates historiques de la côte d'émeraude de la fin du XIXe siècle voyaient se mesurer les bisquines, les bateaux de pêche, les yachts de plaisanciers.
Le spectacle haut en couleur était visible de la terre. L'esprit est resté. Sur le Branlebas, on s'affronte à bord de la Cancalaise, la Granvillaise, le Reder Mor et les cotres pilotes malouins Yseult et Marie-Claude.
On se mesure aussi en IRC, osiris, muscadets, HN1, HN2 et Cornish crabber, sans oublier les Old gaffers.
C'est à la fois une belle fête sur l'eau et à terre pendant les escales et un parcours technique sur quatre jours.
Cette année, les Anglais pourraient embarquer les plus nombreux. Motiver les skippers La course a été relancée dans le milieu des années 90 par l'équipe de la SNBSM (Société nautique de la baie de Saint-Malo) autour de Jean-François Revert.
Son ambition : motiver les jeunes à participer aux régates et faire sortir les bateaux des bassins.
Depuis, au gré des éditions, près d'une centaine de bateaux participent à l'événement.
Une fête de la voile et de l'amitié, puisque des soirées festives attendent les marins dans les ports.
Pour François Lognoné, le coordinateur de l'édition 2015, « l'objectif est d'atteindre les cent bateaux ». Alors, et ce sera la grande nouveauté, la flotte ira à Granville. «
On se tourne vers l'Est, vers Chausey et Granville. C'est important pour attirer les Anglais. On met le paquet pour avoir les classiques », ajoute Christian Rouxel, chargé des relations partenaires.
Rendez-vous pour quatre jours de régates ouvertes à tous les voiliers habitables, du 8 au 11 août 2015.
L'histoire du Branlebas de régates se conjugue avec celle de Saint-Malo.
Au milieu du XIXe siècle, de grandes joutes nautiques opposaient pêcheurs aux yatchmen.
La SNBSM, associée aux clubs de la Côte d'Emeraude, entend faire revivre ce temps fort en organisant une fête de la mer du 8 au 11 août.
À la Fête de la mer, il y a bien sûr le côté sportif où on voit les bateaux de tout type, Muscadet, Shrimpers, Cornish-crabber, cotres, bisquines... se mesurer pour espérer une place sur le podium. Mais ce qui prédomine, c'est le côté convivial d'une manifestation nautique qui veut rassembler le plus largement possible en espérant retrouver l'esprit qui régnait à l'époque des grandes régates municipales.
Le public à terre n'est pas laissé de côté. Bien au contraire : Malouins, Cancalais et touristes pourront jouir du spectacle sur l'eau en se postant sur les deux ports de la Côte d'Émeraude.
Invitation aux jeunes « On essaie d'avoir le plus de bateaux, confirme de son côté Christian Rouxel, le chargé de communication de la société nautique malouine. De Saint-Malo, Bretagne, France mais aussi de Grande-Bretagne ».
Cette année, le record à battre est de 106. « L'idée est aussi d'attirer les jeunes et leur donner le gout de la mer. Pour cela, le club s'engage à leur payer leur licence tout en incitant les propriétaires de bateaux à embarquer des novices. Côté prix, justement, on a voulu jouer soft.
Pour quatre jours, il se monte à 50 €. » Quatre jours intenses Ces quatre jours seront bien remplis.
Le samedi, la flotte mettra le cap sur les Ébihens avant de revenir à Saint-Malo. Le dimanche, direction Cancale avec, le soir, le traditionnel dîner en plein air à Port-Mer.
Le lundi, les bateaux rallieront Granville via les îles Chausey.
Et le mardi, retour à la cité corsaire. Des prix et trois trophées « Nous sommes heureux de faire escale à Granville qui fête cette année les 40 ans de son port », se réjouit à l'avance François Lognoné, le coordinateur du Branlebas 2015 qui sera accueilli gratuitement dans le port normand.
Au total, huit courses seront organisées avec, à la clé, des prix attribués à chaque catégorie et trois trophées : celui du Yacht club de France (fair play), Raymond Labbé (concours d'élégance) et Marin Marie pour les bateaux classiques.
Day 27 from Kim Klassen's Beyond Layers e-Course. One Photo - Three Different Ways. Textured used are Kim's framed, abstract, and coolgrunge.
Valley Forge National Park, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
Each writer focuses on a different part of the events, those events that help tell the story to the people to whom they are writing. Each gives different details. They are not contradicting each other, they are just pointing out different facts. Thus John tells us that Jesus started out bearing his cross while Matthew, Mark, and Luke mention that somewhere along the way they forced a man named Simon to carry the cross for him. Most people guess that they did this because Jesus had become too weak from his earlier tortures to walk that far with a heavy cross. Just remember that it is a guess -- a likely and logical guess, but still a guess. The place they lead Jesus too went by a variety of names. It's Hebrew name was Golgotha which means "Place of the Skull" when it is translated. The Greeks called the place Calvary, which is the Greek word for skull. The Bible doesn't record the exact path that Jesus took through Jerusalem to reach Golgotha, but this hasn't stopped people from speculating and building up stories about that journey.
One of four different versions of the same photo (created with Mehdi Kaleidoscope). Beach in Maspalomas / Gran Canaria.
Catholic church during the dictatorship - priests in prison. / A katolikus egyház a diktatúrában - bebörtönzött papok (sajnos magyarokról alig esik szó itt).
Sighet Memorial Museum, part of the Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance (Memorialul Victimelor Comunismului şi al Rezistenţei), was created on the basis of the former Sighet prison in 1993, restoration was completed in 2000. Each prison cell became a museum room, presenting the chronology and the different aspects of the totalitarian system in Communist Romania. We visited the museum in August 2015.
Máramarosszigeti börtönmúzeum, a kommunizmus romániai áldozatainak emlékhelye. A múzeumot 1993-ban alapították, az épület felújítása 2000-re fejeződött be. Az egyes cellákban mutatják be a kommunizmus történetét és egyes aspektusait. 2015. augusztusában jártunk a családdal, észak-erdélyi kirándulásunk alkalmával.
The strategy for destroying Romania’s Christian churches differed from case to case. The aim was the same, however: to root out religious faith and instil dialectical-materialist atheism. In the case of Romanian Orthodox Church, the majority denomination, with the status of national church, decapitation was employed: some leading hierarchs were replaced (“demoted”), some of them dying in suspicious circumstances, others were arrested and placed under “forced domicile” in monasteries. Their replacements were chosen based on criteria of obedience to the regime. In regards to ordinary priests, it is estimated that over a period of several years around two thousand were arrested. In 1959, the Securitate and the State Religions Department reduced the number of monasteries and monks by two thirds, against the wishes of the Patriarch, on the grounds that monastic establishments were harbouring partisans from the mountains and reactionary elements. Some monasteries (for example Vladimireşti) were evacuated by the armed forces. Also during 1959-1960 hundreds of priests were arrested on the grounds that they spread mysticism, preached against dialectical materialism or opposed the socialist system. Discussion groups were outlawed and political trials were staged to discourage them. One example was the Burning Pyre, 16 a group that met at Antim Monastery in the 1940s and pursued spiritual resistance. The main accused, Abbot Daniel, died in prison. An Orthodox lay group, the Army of God, was broken up and its leaders were arrested. The Graeco-Catholic (Uniat) Church, the second largest national church, with one and a half million members, was banned in October 1948. A small number of priests agreed to sign a declaration of conversion to Orthodoxy. Many bishops and priests who refused were arrested, sentenced to forced domicile in Orthodox monasteries, and finally brought to Sighet. The Church continued to function clandestinely, and in the place of the arrested prelates, others were named in pettore, who in their turn were arrested one by one. Vasile Aftenie was the first bishop to die during imprisonment (in 1950, while under interrogation at the Ministry of the Interior). Ioan Suciu, Traian Frenţiu and Tit-Liviu Chinezu died at Sighet. Bishop Iuliu Hossu, who in 1918 had read the proclamation of the Union of the Romanian Principalities at the Grand National Assembly in Alba Iulia, died in 1970. The Roman-Catholic Church was tolerated during the communist period but not officially recognised, as the Romanian government had unilaterally repudiated the Concordat with the Vatican. Since it had “connections with foreign countries” (highly discreditable from the communist point of view) it was considered an “imperialist hotbed”, a “nest of spies and traitors” etc. A series of political trials resulted in the penal conviction or expulsion of the staff of the Apostolic Nunciature in Bucharest. As in the case of the other churches, the Catholic churches were eliminated and taken over by the state, and “reactionary” priests were arrested and given long prison terms. Many died in captivity. A special, evocative panel is dedicated to the harrowing case of Monsignor Vladimir Ghika. Protestant and Evangelical churches was also placed under strict surveillance and persecuted on the grounds that they were supposedly “organised from abroad”. The communists could not tolerate any activity, including religious, over which they not exert complete control. In the communist prisons, clergy of all denominations continued their mission, overcoming both confessional barriers and the obstinacy of their gaolers. Oral accounts reveal many examples of genuine ecumenical fraternity. One case study is dedicated to pastor Richard Wurmbrand, who devoted himself to missionary activity in the years after his conversion to Christianity.
Sighet Prison was built in 1897 by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, on the occasion of the “First Magyar Millennium”. After 1918, it functioned as a prison for common criminals. After 1945, the repatriation of former prisoners and deported persons from the Soviet Union was done through Sighet. In August 1948 it became a place of imprisonment for a group of students, pupils and peasants from Maramures, some of whom still live in Sighet. On 5 and 6 May 1950 over one hundred dignitaries from the whole country were brought to the Sighet penitentiary (former ministers, academics, economists, military officers, historians, journalists, politicians), some of them convicted to heavy punishments, others not even judged. The majority were more than 60 years old. In October-November 1950, 45-50 bishops and Greek-Catholic and Roman-Catholic priests were transported to Sighet. The penitenciary was considered a "special work unit", known under the name of "Danube colony", but in reality was a place of extermination for the country's elites and at the same time a safe place, not possible to escape from, the frontier of the Soviet Union being less than two kilometres away. The prisoners were kept in unwholesome conditions, miserably fed, and stopped from lying down during the day on the beds in the unheated cells. They were not allowed to look out of the windows (those who disobeyed were punished by being forced to sit in the "black" and "grey", lock-up type cells, with no light). Finally, shutters were placed on the windows, so that only the sky was visible. Humility and ridicule were part of the extermination programme. In 1955, following the Geneva Convention and the admission of communist Romania (RPR) to the UN, some pardons were granted. Some of the political prisoners in Romanian prisons were set free and some transferred to other places, while others were kept under house arrest At Sighet, out of around 200 prisoners, 52 had died. The prison once again became an ordinary law one. However, political prisoners continued to appear in the following years, and many were kept secretly in the local psychiatric hospital. In 1977, the prison was closed, and the buildings were turned into a broom factory and salt warehouse, finally becoming an abandoned ruin.
AMTK 303 and AMTK 146 leading Amtrak Train 58, the northbound City of New Orleans as it was departing the station in Brookhaven, Mississippi on a hot Sunday evening, August 20, 2023 at 4:36 p.m. (CDT). We were heading south on North Whitworth Avenue.
AMTK 303 [Siemens ALC-42]
AMTK 146 [GE P42DC]