View allAll Photos Tagged components
Para el Reto de noviembre de Beads Perles tenemos que elaborar tres componentes sueltos, que posteriormente pudieran ser montados para formar una joya.
Como todavía no me he olvidado de los pendientes de la reina, he hecho estas tres piezas de aire renacentista, con cabus de 8, rocalla y perlas.
Haré otro trío si alguna idea más termina de tomar cuerpo.
This may resemble an alien landscape, but it is actually a microscopic view of tin used to solder electronic components. The long shard rising from the surface is a ‘tin whisker’ – a spontaneous outgrowth representing a clear and present danger to space missions.
The phenomenon was first identified within terrestrial electronics, but these whiskers are known to grow rapidly out of pure tin in the weightlessness, vacuum and temperature extremes of space.
Typically, these crystalline filaments are just a few thousands of a millimetre thick, though may extend more than a thousand times further in length. They are electrically conductive and so can threaten catastrophic short circuits: the US Galaxy IV telecommunications satellite was lost due to this issue in 1998.
The traditional method of preventing tin whiskers was to add lead – but lead is toxic, so its use in solder has been phased out through the EU’s Reduction of Hazardous Substances directive. ESA and European space industry have been granted a waiver to continue using tin–lead alloy for solder, but not an indefinite one.
“We’ve been researching alternative methods to arrest the growth of tin whiskers,” explains ESA materials engineer Jussi Hokka. “We’ve investigated a technique called atomic layer deposition, widely used in the semiconductor industry to lay down a metal oxide film just a few nanometres deep.
“Over a time period of up to a year, this application has led to a significant reduction in the number of tin whiskers, although we don’t yet know if this is due to the surface barrier laid down or some factor of the overall process.”
ESA worked with a consortium led by Finnish specialist Picosun, supported by Finnish packaging specialist Poltronic Ltd and Loughborough University in the UK.
Follow-up research is now underway. Success will undoubtedly have wider applications: tin whiskers are also re-emerging as a problem of terrestrial electronics now that pure tin solder is in widespread use.
ESA’s Tommaso Ghidini comments: “Tin whiskers remain in many respects a mysterious metallurgical phenomenon. But if this technique proves to be successful, we could safely use pure tin as a green option, foregoing carcinogenic lead – not only for space but also for automotive, aeronautics and large other industrial domains, while guaranteeing equivalent engineering performance.”
Credit: ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Argh, finally a chance to get some people in my pictures and then I point my camera too high..
Guessed right: it's (pseudo single raw) HDR. The difference between the shadow and sunlit part of the street was far too great.
Photo captured via Minolta MD Zoom Rokkor-X 75-200mm F/4.5 lens. Second Beach. Part of the Quillayute Needles, a consortium of battered islands and sea stacks. Quillayute Needles National Wildlife Refuge. Olympic National Park. Coast Range. Olympic Peninsula. Clallam County, Washington. Late May 2016.
Exposure Time: 1/800 sec. * ISO Speed: ISO-200 * Aperture: F/8 * Bracketing: None
I retrieved this piece from some 'junk' that was being thrown out. I think it is an early homemade variable inductor. The two end pieces are hinged on small nails. At one time either side could be made to stay at any distance from the central coil. Has anyone else seen one of these? It reminds me of the Crosley 'book condensers'.
July 1, 2023
Paul Component Engineering Klamper Brakes.
Long Play? Long pull ...
Installed the Paul Klampers on the Trek. I have been saving up for these brake calipers, and the wait has been worth it. These calipers have been manufactured to tight tolerances, so they maintain any adjustments made to them. These photo don't convey how bulky these calipers are; they are quite a bit larger than the old calipers. These feel bombproof, so I look forward to these brakes lasting longer than everything else on the bike. Never knew there were artisanal brakes ...
My dad came up with a way to make my bridge as high or as low as I want it to be. (within some limits) It's not done yet, as we haven't designed the bottom most segment, but it's looking good so far. Just got done making 18 pier components for the bridge, with three sections for each half pier, (soon to be four, if you count the bottom section as yet undesigned.)
Any thoughts?
Oh, almost forget to say: the three bridge pieces in the foreground make up the nearly finished pier in the background.
Kleine Brogel, 10 September 2022.
The Belgian Air Component showed her newest 'toy'. Airbus A400M CT03 made four short flights from KeeBee this day. Alas, no sunny photos. Better luck next time.
The Italian C-27J Spartan stayed on the ground.
Should have some kind of voltage/warning sticker but I don't have any so these yellow/black stripes should do.
“Go ahead. Make my millennium!”
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+ Components Details +
♦️Shape: Kidorable – Tyrian Bento Shape – Youth / BABY FACE – Thimble Event
♦️Body:Bebe – Youth Fitted Mesh Body (For 5-12 years look)
♦️Head: GENUS Project- Genus Head – Baby Face
♦️Skin:Bf. Face Haji 400 ( Purchased Body Applier Separate: BF Body Slim – Bebe) Available in Tones 100-900 Don’t forget to Try demo.
♦️Hair: : Unorthodox– Fire Hair ( Hair Style Hud / You can apply to any mesh head by using the Omega Hud. BOM Compatible )
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+Apparel Details +
♦️Outfit:{Feral Youth}– *BuggleJuice* ( Suit Full Lit , Suit Lit Tie Only, Shoes) – Thimble Event
Oostmalle, 5 August 1983.
The Belgian Air Component has 4 Piper L21B Super Cubs in use for towing military gliders of the Air Cadets. They are based at Goetsenhoven, east of Brussels.
Six were acquired in 1975, all former Netherlands Air Force. Two were written off. Between 2000 and 2002 the remaining four (LB01, 02, 03 and 05) were almost completely rebuilt. They received a new fuselage, wing and engine.
The photos were taken at Oostmalle, a Cold War reserve base near Antwerpen.
LB01 is former Dutch R-113 and 54-2403.
The Bungle Bungle Range is the major component of Purnululu National Park in Western Australia. The photo was taken in the north of the range near Echidna Chasm which is reached by following the valley in the left centre of the picture. The rock in the foreground is 'Boll Conglomerate' the same stuff the range in the background consists of.
Photo captured via Minolta MD Zoom Rokkor-X 24-50mm F/4 lens and the bracketing method of photography. Palouse Region within the Columbia Plateau Region. Whitman County, Washington. Late December 2017.
Exposure Time: 1/250 sec. * ISO Speed: ISO-200 * Aperture: F/8 * Bracketing: +1 / -1 * Color Temperature: 6050 K * Film Plug-In: Fuji Superia 400 ++
This particular ferris wheel "Splendid" was found in Cannes, France
A Ferris wheel is an amusement ride consisting of a rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying components (commonly referred to as passenger cars, cabins, tubs, capsules, gondolas, or pods) attached to the rim in such a way that as the wheel turns, they are kept upright, usually by gravity. Some of the largest modern Ferris wheels have cars mounted on the outside of the rim, with electric motors to independently rotate each car to keep it upright. These wheels are sometimes referred to as observation wheels and their cars referred to as capsules. However, these alternative names are also used for wheels with conventional gravity-oriented cars.
The original Ferris Wheel was designed and constructed by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. as a landmark for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The generic term Ferris wheel, now used in American English for all such structures, has become the most common type of amusement ride at state fairs in the United States.
The current tallest Ferris wheel is the 167.6-metre (550 ft) High Roller in Las Vegas, Nevada, which opened to the public in March 2014.
The original Ferris Wheel, sometimes also referred to as the Chicago Wheel, was designed and constructed by Ferris Jr.
With a height of 80.4 metres (264 ft) it was the tallest attraction at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, where it opened to the public on June 21, 1893. It was intended to rival the 324-metre (1,063 ft) Eiffel Tower, the center piece of the 1889 Paris Exposition.
Ferris was a graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, bridge-builder. He began his career in the railroad industry and then pursued an interest in bridge building. Ferris understood the growing need for structural steel and founded G.W.G. Ferris & Co. in Pittsburgh, a firm that tested and inspected metals for railroads and bridge builders.
The wheel rotated on a 71-ton, 45.5-foot axle comprising what was at that time the world's largest hollow forging, manufactured in Pittsburgh by the Bethlehem Iron Company and weighing 89,320 pounds, together with two 16-foot-diameter (4.9 m) cast-iron spiders weighing 53,031 pounds.
There were 36 cars, each fitted with 40 revolving chairs and able to accommodate up to 60 people, giving a total capacity of 2,160. The wheel carried some 38,000 passengers daily and took 20 minutes to complete two revolutions, the first involving six stops to allow passengers to exit and enter and the second a nine-minute non-stop rotation, for which the ticket holder paid 50 cents.
The Exposition ended in October 1893, and the wheel closed in April 1894 and was dismantled and stored until the following year. It was then rebuilt on Chicago's North Side, near Lincoln Park, next to an exclusive neighborhood. This prompted William D. Boyce, then a local resident, to file a Circuit Court action against the owners of the wheel to have it removed, but without success. It operated there from October 1895 until 1903, when it was again dismantled, then transported by rail to St. Louis for the 1904 World's Fair and finally destroyed by controlled demolition using dynamite on May 11, 1906.
Antique Ferris wheels
The Wiener Riesenrad (German for "Viennese Giant Wheel") is a surviving example of nineteenth-century Ferris wheels. Erected in 1897 in the Wurstelprater section of Prater public park in the Leopoldstadt district of Vienna, Austria, to celebrate Emperor Franz Josef I's Golden Jubilee, it has a height of 64.75 metres (212 ft) and originally had 30 passenger cars. A demolition permit for the Riesenrad was issued in 1916, but due to a lack of funds with which to carry out the destruction, it survived.
Following the demolition of the 100-metre (328 ft) Grande Roue de Paris in 1920, the Riesenrad became the world's tallest extant Ferris wheel. In 1944 it burnt down, but was rebuilt the following year with 15 passenger cars, and remained the world's tallest extant wheel until its 97th year, when the 85-metre (279 ft) Technocosmos was constructed for Expo '85, at Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Still in operation today, it is one of Vienna's most popular tourist attractions, and over the years has featured in numerous films (including Madame Solange d`Atalide (1914), Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948), The Third Man (1949), The Living Daylights (1987), Before Sunrise (1995)) and novels.
World's tallest Ferris wheels
Chronology of world's tallest-ever wheels
•1893: the original Ferris Wheel was 80.4 metres (264 ft) tall. Built for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, it was moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1904 for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and demolished there in 1906.
•1895: the Great Wheel was built for the Empire of India Exhibition at Earls Court, London, UK, and was 94 metres (308 ft) tall.[15] Construction began in March 1894[16] and it opened to the public on 17 July 1895. It stayed in service until 1906 and was demolished in 1907, having carried over 2.5 million passengers.
•1900: the Grande Roue de Paris was built for the Exposition Universelle, a world's fair held in Paris, France. It was demolished in 1920,[8] but its 100-metre (328 ft) height was not surpassed until almost 90 years after its construction.
•1920: the Wiener Riesenrad was built to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Emperor Franz Josef I, at the entrance of the Wurstelprater amusement park in Austria's capital Vienna. Constructed in 1897, when the Grande Roue de Paris was demolished in 1920, the Riesenrad became the world's tallest extant Ferris wheel with 64.75-metre (212 ft), and it remained so for the next 65 years until 1985, its 97th year.
•1985: Technocosmos, later renamed Technostar, was an 85-metre (279 ft) tall giant Ferris wheel, originally built for the Expo '85 World Fair in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Work began on dismantling Technostar in November 2009.
•1989: the Cosmo Clock 21 was built for the YES '89 Yokohama Exposition at Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama, Japan. Originally constructed with a height of 107.5 metres (353 ft),it was dismantled in 1997 and then in 1999 relocated onto a taller base which increased its overall height to 112.5 metres (369 ft).
•1992: Igosu 108 at Biwako Tower, Shiga, Japan, opened April 26 at 108 metres (354 ft) tall, hence its name. It has since been moved to Vietnam, where it opened as the Sun Wheel on a new base, now totaling 115 metres (377 ft) tall.
•1997: the Tempozan Ferris Wheel, in Osaka, Japan, opened to the public on 13 July, and is 112.5 metres (369 ft) tall.
•1999: the Daikanransha at Palette Town in Odaiba, Japan, is 115 metres (377 ft) tall.
•2000: the London Eye, in London, United Kingdom, is 135 metres (443 ft) tall. Although officially opened on 31 December 1999, it did not open to the public until March 2000, because of technical problems.
•2006: the Star of Nanchang, in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China, opened for business in May and is 160 metres (525 ft) tall.
•2008: the Singapore Flyer, in Singapore, is 165 metres (541 ft) tall. It started rotating on 11 February, and officially opened to the public on 1 March 2008.
•2014: the High Roller, in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, is 167.6 metres (550 ft) tall. It opened to the public on 31 March 2014, and is currently the world's tallest Ferris wheel in operation.
•2020: the Ain Dubai, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is 250 metres (820 ft) tall. It is due to open in 2020.
Une grande roue ou roue panoramique est une variante de très grande taille des manèges.
L'attraction est constituée d'une roue à la verticale ainsi que de nacelles attachées à la jante où montent les passagers. La première grande roue fut conçue par George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. à l'occasion de l'Exposition universelle de 1893 à Chicago. On trouve généralement les grandes roues dans les parcs d'attractions ou les fêtes foraines, mais depuis l'inauguration de London Eye, la grande roue de Londres, on en trouve de plus en plus dans les centres-villes.
Son but est principalement de donner aux passagers une vue panoramique sur une ville, en tournant à une vitesse modérée, voire parfois très lente. Elle n'est majoritairement pas une attraction à sensations, excepté les quelques effets éventuels de vertige dus à la hauteur en la faisant pivoter, de légers balancements dus au vent, ou d'effets inattendus de descentes, comme sur la Pixar Pal-A-Round.
La première évocation d'une grande roue à proprement parler figure dans les journaux de voyages de Peter Mundy, un navigateur et voyageur britannique du XVIIe siècle, originaire de Penryn en Cornouailles. Lors de son exploration de l'empire ottoman, il passe quelques jours à Plovdiv en Bulgarie et évoque les différents systèmes de balançoires à but festif, dont les moins dangereuses, pour les enfants seraient les ancêtres de la grande roue.
La grande roue « moderne » voit le jour grâce à George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., diplômé de Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, il fabriquait des ponts à Pittsburgh en Pennsylvanie. Il commença sa carrière dans l'industrie des voies ferrées, puis fut intéressé par la construction des ponts. Ferris comprit le besoin croissant d'acier de construction et fonda G.W.G. Ferris & Co. à Pittsburgh, une entreprise qui testait et contrôlait les métaux utilisés pour les voies ferrés et les ponts.
Ferris conçut la première grande roue, à l'occasion de l'exposition universelle de 1893 à Chicago1. La grande roue était censée être une attraction rivale de la tour Eiffel, l'œuvre centrale de l'Exposition universelle de Paris de 1889. Ce fut l'attraction la plus imposante de l'exposition, du haut de ses 80 mètres, elle était constituée de deux moteurs à vapeur et pouvait supporter 2 160 personnes. Elle contenait 36 nacelles de 60 places chacune (40 assises et 20 debout). Cela prenait vingt minutes pour que la roue fasse deux tours. Au premier tour, six arrêts permettaient aux passagers de monter et de descendre et le deuxième tour était complet sans arrêt. Le ticket coutait 50 cents à l'époque. À la fin de l'exposition universelle, la grande roue fut déplacée près d'un quartier huppé du nord de Chicago. Elle fut à nouveau utilisée pour l'exposition universelle de Saint-Louis dans le Missouri en 1904, qui célébrait le centenaire de l'acquisition de la Louisiane. Elle fut démantelée en 19062. Son axe, qui pesait 70 tonnes, a été le plus grand projet forgé de tous les temps. Des morceaux de cette grande roue furent utilisés pour construire un pont au-dessus de la rivière Kankakee, à 72 km au sud de Chicago3.
La seconde grande roue construite mesure 94 mètres. Nommée Gigantic Wheel (« roue géante »), elle fut construite à Londres dans le quartier d'Earls Court en 1895 sur le modèle de celle de Chicago. Les concepteurs de cette roue, deux Australiens, Adam Gaddelin et Gareth Watson, en construiront ensuite plus de 200.
La troisième installation fut édifiée en 1897, elle mesure 65 mètres. Conçue par Hubert Cecil Booth, elle se situe dans le parc du Prater à Vienne (Autriche). Elle tourne aujourd'hui encore et reste l'un des symboles du parc.
Une grande roue fut construite lors de l'Exposition universelle de 1900 à Paris avenue de Suffren (actuel village suisse), elle avait un diamètre de 106 mètres et comportait 80 nacelles (contre 36 pour celle de Chicago) pouvant contenir chacune 20 personnes4. Elle fut démolie en 19375. La grande roue de la jetée de Santa Monica est, avec celle de la jetée centrale de Blackpool, un des rares exemples de grande roue non édifiés sur terre ferme.
Certaines versions récentes permettent d'avoir des nacelles mobiles par rapport à la distance avec l'axe et ainsi se rapprocher du centre de la roue durant la rotation sans être cantonnée au seul périmètre de la roue (par exemple Pixar Pal-A-Round à Disney California Adventure).
Une autre évolution de la grande roue est constituée de plusieurs grandes roues reliés à l'aide de bras hydrauliques comme le Sky Whirl (Six Flags Great America, Illinois) conçu par la société Intamin.
Certaines grandes roues sont désormais transportables et itinérantes et s'installent dans les plus grands centres-villes.
Certains propriétaires de grande roue préfèrent le terme de « roue panoramique » (« observation wheel ») à celui de grande roue, c'est souvent le cas pour les roues les plus imposantes, même si elles ressemblent fortement à la grande roue originale de Ferris. Souvent en centre-ville, elles visent à observer la ville de haut avec un but panoramique.
Plusieurs grandes roues célèbres sont décrites comme panoramiques par leur concepteur, parmi elles figurent le Singapore Flyer6, mais également le London Eye7 à Londres ou encore la High Roller à Las Vegas.
Multiple integrated circuits at the heart of Europe’s space missions, etched together onto a single piece of silicon.
This 20 cm-diameter wafer contains 35 replicas of five different space chips, each incorporating up to about 10 million transistors or basic circuit switches.
Laid down within a microchip, these designs endow a space mission with the ability to perform various specialised tasks such as data handling, communications processing or attitude control.
To save money on the high cost of fabrication, various chips designed by different companies and destined for multiple ESA projects are crammed onto the same silicon wafers, etched into place at specialised semiconductor manufacturing plants.
Once tested for functionality, the chips on the wafer are chopped up and packaged for use, then mounted on printed circuit boards for connection with other microelectronic components aboard a satellite.
Since 2002, ESA’s Microelectronics section has maintained a catalogue of ‘building blocks’ for chip designs, known as Intellectual Property cores, available to European industry through ESA licence.
More information: www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/M...
Credit: ESA-Guus Schoonewille
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Imagine Peace
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peace takes work
war takes lives
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If everyone demanded peace instead of another television set, then there'd be peace.
- John Lennon
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Peace is always beautiful
- Walt Whitman
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שָׁנָה טוֹבָה וּמְתוּקָה Have A Good And Sweet Year
Main Components
Macintosh and other varietal Apples, cored. Other varieties like Gala and Granny Smith stay firmer longer.
Sweet Potato
Acorn Squash
Or Butternut Squash
Stuffing Ingredients:
Apple chopped
Jumbo Raisins - Any raisins are fine...
Honey
Maple Syrup
Brown Sugar
Cinnamon
Allspice
Nutmeg
Whole Cloves (some people prefer ground cloves)
Vanilla Extract
Amounts
Amounts of all ingredients are to your family's taste.
Keep Records
Just keep records as ina Garten does to see what works best for you....
No, this recipe is not Ina's. It is mine. And, I am sure I learned from my Mother and both Grandmas..
Sorry, I left it in the oven too long. The Macintosh apples turned to an extremely delicious apple sauce. I used to make the apples in a separate pan and take them out sooner.
My Menu Plans
I'm beginning to plan my dishes for the holidays. I don't need to test the recipes because I make them for most holidays. However, my memory is slipping, so it probably would be a good idea to do some test baking. I really do need to check baking times.
I first posted this photo in 2011, and I have baked these foods in this oven each year since.
This year I will remember to bake the apples separately, to check them frequently, and to take the remaining ones out when they are done. It's good to bake a bunch of each item in their pan so you can take out one at a time to taste. Also, You can keep the remaining ones in the fridge and reheat as needed. They keep well.
This year I must remember to take note of the best baking times for the apples, the acorn squash, and the yams!!
Asher, at the 5th Street Deli, makes marvelous Moroccan Baked Salmon. I think I will order a platter of that too. It's always delicious!
100_9114 - Version 4
“There are few things so pleasant as a picnic eaten in perfect comfort”
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+ Components Details +
♦️Shape:Kidorable– Personal *Not Sale*
♦️Body:Bebe – Bebe Body Fitted
♦️Head:ToddleeDoo – Bento Head
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+Apparel Details +
♦️Binky: [Starries]: Web Pacifier – Bento/Classic V1.292
♦️Top: . tiptoes – Basic Tank Top – FP
♦️Pants: Breaux Willow – Hood Chinos (Bebe) – Black
♦️Slippers: . tiptoes – Extra Fuzzy Bunny Slippers – Blue // 9 Colors & Fatpack with 17 Colors – KidCred Expo
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+More Details +
♦️Picnic: [Jester Inc.] Little Picnic Set! ( Seat up to 6 kids at Onces , Interactive food. Also you can recolor & Drinks / 6 Blanket Texture. ) – Woodland Kids
♦️Toy: {Seams Legit} Pop Toy ( 8 Colors for Handle, Wheels & Base // Balls Actually Pop Pop) – KidCred Expo
♦️Gun: DUST: Punch Gun ( 5 Common / 1 Rare / 1 UltraRare / 1 UnCommon) // Fist Trigger to Punch the Other Person – KidCred Expo
In this photo I have the units broken into groups, Armoured, Artillery, Engineers, Transport, SF, Historical and RAEME
Members of the 2d AVS Cyber Maintenance and Support Flight prepare over 20 computers to suport the filming of the AFSPC production "Space Superiority". A Lockheed Martin F-35A "Lightning II" is shown in this photo.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lockheed Martin F-35 "Lightning II" is a family of single-seat, single-engine, all-weather, stealth, fifth-generation, multirole combat aircraft, designed for ground-attack and air-superiority missions. It is built by Lockheed Martin and many subcontractors, including Northrop Grumman, Pratt & Whitney, and BAE Systems.
The F-35 has three main models: the conventional takeoff and landing F-35A (CTOL), the short take-off and vertical-landing F-35B (STOVL), and the catapult-assisted take-off but arrested recovery, carrier-based F-35C (CATOBAR). The F-35 descends from the Lockheed Martin X-35, the design that was awarded the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program over the competing Boeing X-32. The official "Lightning II" name has proven deeply unpopular and USAF pilots have nicknamed it Panther, instead.
The United States principally funds F-35 development, with additional funding from other NATO members and close U.S. allies, including the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Canada, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and formerly Turkey. These funders generally receive subcontracts to manufacture components for the aircraft; for example, Turkey was the sole supplier of several F-35 parts until its removal from the program in July 2019. Several other countries have ordered, or are considering ordering, the aircraft.
As the largest and most expensive military program ever, the F-35 became the subject of much scrutiny and criticism in the U.S. and in other countries. In 2013 and 2014, critics argued that the plane was "plagued with design flaws", with many blaming the procurement process in which Lockheed was allowed "to design, test, and produce the F-35 all at the same time," instead of identifying and fixing "defects before firing up its production line". By 2014, the program was "$163 billion over budget [and] seven years behind schedule". Critics also contend that the program's high sunk costs and political momentum make it "too big to kill".
The F-35 first flew on 15 December 2006. In July 2015, the United States Marines declared its first squadron of F-35B fighters ready for deployment. However, the DOD-based durability testing indicated the service life of early-production F-35B aircraft is well under the expected 8,000 flight hours, and may be as low as 2,100 flight hours. Lot 9 and later aircraft include design changes but service life testing has yet to occur. The U.S. Air Force declared its first squadron of F-35As ready for deployment in August 2016. The U.S. Navy declared its first F-35Cs ready in February 2019. In 2018, the F-35 made its combat debut with the Israeli Air Force.
The U.S. stated plan is to buy 2,663 F-35s, which will provide the bulk of the crewed tactical airpower of the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps in coming decades. Deliveries of the F-35 for the U.S. military are scheduled until 2037 with a projected service life up to 2070.
Development
F-35 development started in 1992 with the origins of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program and was to culminate in full production by 2018. The X-35 first flew on 24 October 2000 and the F-35A on 15 December 2006.
The F-35 was developed to replace most US fighter jets with the variants of a single design that would be common to all branches of the military. It was developed in co-operation with a number of foreign partners, and, unlike the F-22 "Raptor", intended to be available for export. Three variants were designed: the F-35A (CTOL), the F-35B (STOVL), and the F-35C (CATOBAR). Despite being intended to share most of their parts to reduce costs and improve maintenance logistics, by 2017, the effective commonality was only 20%. The program received considerable criticism for cost overruns during development and for the total projected cost of the program over the lifetime of the jets.
By 2017, the program was expected to cost $406.5 billion over its lifetime (i.e. until 2070) for acquisition of the jets, and an additional $1.1 trillion for operations and maintenance. A number of design deficiencies were alleged, such as: carrying a small internal payload; performance inferior to the aircraft being replaced, particularly the F-16; lack of safety in relying on a single engine; and flaws such as the vulnerability of the fuel tank to fire and the propensity for transonic roll-off (wing drop). The possible obsolescence of stealth technology was also criticized.
Design
Overview
Although several experimental designs have been developed since the 1960s, such as the unsuccessful Rockwell XFV-12, the F-35B is to be the first operational supersonic STOVL stealth fighter. The single-engine F-35 resembles the larger twin-engined Lockheed Martin F-22 "Raptor", drawing design elements from it. The exhaust duct design was inspired by the General Dynamics Model 200, proposed for a 1972 supersonic VTOL fighter requirement for the Sea Control Ship.
Lockheed Martin has suggested that the F-35 could replace the USAF's F-15C/D fighters in the air-superiority role and the F-15E "Strike Eagle" in the ground-attack role. It has also stated the F-35 is intended to have close- and long-range air-to-air capability second only to that of the F-22 "Raptor", and that the F-35 has an advantage over the F-22 in basing flexibility and possesses "advanced sensors and information fusion".
Testifying before the House Appropriations Committee on 25 March 2009, acquisition deputy to the assistant secretary of the Air Force, Lt. Gen. Mark D. "Shack" Shackelford, stated that the F-35 is designed to be America's "premier surface-to-air missile killer, and is uniquely equipped for this mission with cutting-edge processing power, synthetic aperture radar integration techniques, and advanced target recognition".
Improvements
Ostensible improvements over past-generation fighter aircraft include:
Durable, low-maintenance stealth technology, using structural fiber mat instead of the high-maintenance coatings of legacy stealth platforms
Integrated avionics and sensor fusion that combine information from off- and on-board sensors to increase the pilot's situational awareness and improve target identification and weapon delivery, and to relay information quickly to other command and control (C2) nodes
High-speed data networking including IEEE 1394b and Fibre Channel (Fibre Channel is also used on Boeing's "Super Hornet".
The Autonomic Logistics Global Sustainment, Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS), and Computerized maintenance management system to help ensure the aircraft can remain operational with minimal maintenance manpower The Pentagon has moved to open up the competitive bidding by other companies. This was after Lockheed Martin stated that instead of costing 20% less than the F-16 per flight hour, the F-35 would actually cost 12% more. Though the ALGS is intended to reduce maintenance costs, the company disagrees with including the cost of this system in the aircraft ownership calculations. The USMC has implemented a workaround for a cyber vulnerability in the system. The ALIS system currently requires a shipping-container load of servers to run, but Lockheed is working on a more portable version to support the Marines' expeditionary operations.
Electro-hydrostatic actuators run by a power-by-wire flight-control system
A modern and updated flight simulator, which may be used for a greater fraction of pilot training to reduce the costly flight hours of the actual aircraft
Lightweight, powerful lithium-ion batteries to provide power to run the control surfaces in an emergency
Structural composites in the F-35 are 35% of the airframe weight (up from 25% in the F-22). The majority of these are bismaleimide and composite epoxy materials. The F-35 will be the first mass-produced aircraft to include structural nanocomposites, namely carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy. Experience of the F-22's problems with corrosion led to the F-35 using a gap filler that causes less galvanic corrosion to the airframe's skin, designed with fewer gaps requiring filler and implementing better drainage. The relatively short 35-foot wingspan of the A and B variants is set by the F-35B's requirement to fit inside the Navy's current amphibious assault ship parking area and elevators; the F-35C's longer wing is considered to be more fuel efficient.
Costs
A U.S. Navy study found that the F-35 will cost 30 to 40% more to maintain than current jet fighters, not accounting for inflation over the F-35's operational lifetime. A Pentagon study concluded a $1 trillion maintenance cost for the entire fleet over its lifespan, not accounting for inflation. The F-35 program office found that as of January 2014, costs for the F-35 fleet over a 53-year lifecycle was $857 billion. Costs for the fighter have been dropping and accounted for the 22 percent life cycle drop since 2010. Lockheed stated that by 2019, pricing for the fifth-generation aircraft will be less than fourth-generation fighters. An F-35A in 2019 is expected to cost $85 million per unit complete with engines and full mission systems, inflation adjusted from $75 million in December 2013.
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Before getting into A, B, and C differences for the F-35, a short primer on how to tell an F-35 from an F-22 may help avoid an even larger fighter faux pas. After all, the F-22 and F-35 look similar as well, especially from certain angles and at a distance. Both the F-22 and F-35 have two intakes, two tails, and similar planforms.
If the two aircraft happen to be parked together, the F-22, however, is noticeably larger. The Raptor is about ten feet longer than a Lightning II. Its wingspan is about ten feet wider than an F-35A’s and F-35B’s, and roughly the same as an F-35C’s.
From behind, the twin, rectangular thrust-vectoring exhaust nozzles on the F-22 are an obvious difference. The F-35 has one round exhaust nozzle for its single engine. The geometry of the engine intakes distinguishes the two aircraft from the top and side. The Raptor’s intakes angle back. On the Lightning II, they point forward. Intake differences are visible from the front view as well. Opposing sides of the F-22’s intakes are parallel. The corners are slightly rounded. The F-35’s intake angles are sharper. A space between the intake and the fuselage, called a diverter, is found only on the Raptor as well. The F-35’s diverterless intake sits flush to the fuselage.
The single- vs. twin-engine difference plays out on the top sides of the two aircraft as well. The F-22 has two humps between the tails. The F-35 has just one. On the underside, the F-22 is much flatter with one main (though split) weapon bay with two doors. The F-35 is more rounded and has two distinct main weapon bays each with two doors. Taxiing, the F-22 sits about a foot lower than an F-35.
Context also matters. If the airplane in question is operating from an aircraft carrier, landing vertically, taking off in a very short distance, or displaying non-USAF markings, it’s not an F-22.
Context And The F-35 Variants
When it comes to distinguishing among F-35 variants, context can provide some tips as well. If the F-35 in question is being catapulted from a carrier, it’s an F-35C. If it’s landing vertically, it’s an F-35B. If it has Royal Air Force markings, it’s an F-35B. If it has international markings that aren’t associated with the RAF, it’s an F-35A (at least until another international air force procures B or C models).
Basic A, B, & C Differences
The A model is most easily distinguished from other F-35 models by the blister on the upper left side for its internal GAU-22/A Gatling-type gun. (B and C models do not have internal guns.) Like the B model, the F-35A has a smaller wing. The A model is the only F-35 variant with a refueling receptacle on its dorsal spine. The receptacle markings are clearly visible from the top view.
The B model is most easily distinguished from other F-35 models by its vertical lift system. The system comes into play at almost every viewing angle of the aircraft. Even in up-and-away (non vertical) flight, the F-35B has visual clues for the vertical lift system. The lift fan door flattens the upper surface of the F-35 just behind the cockpit, giving this model a distinctive hump. The hump is especially noticeable from front and side perspectives. The lift fan itself abbreviates the aft end of the canopy line as well.
Panel lines and markings are associated with the lift system are visible on the top and bottom sides of the F-35B. From above, panel lines for the lift fan door and the auxiliary air inlet are visible. From below, the doors for lift fan exhaust appear just behind the front landing gear doors. The aft end of the lower fuselage also has a seam for the doors that open when the three-bearing swivel duct goes into action in STOVL mode. (The A and C models have a hump in this location where their arresting/barricade tailhooks are stored.) The B model also has a diamond-shaped roll duct on the underside of each wing.
The C model is most easily distinguished from other F-35 models by its larger wing, which provides almost fifty percent more wing area than the A and B models. The hinge line for the wing fold is visible from top and bottom views. The F-35C wing has an additional control surfaces, called ailerons, on the trailing edge as well (two control surfaces on each wing instead of one). The inner control surfaces on the F-35C wing and the ones on the A and B are called flaperons. The landing gear on the F-35C is noticeable beefier. The nose gear has two tires and a launch bar that extends forward and upward from the wheels.
Another Trick: Markings
Markings can also be used to distinguish F-35 variants. US Air Force markings equate to the A model. US Marines to the B or C model. (The Marine Corps is purchasing eighty C models.) And US Navy to the C model only. The Air Force puts the aircraft identification number, or serial number, on the tail (F-35A). The US Marines and Navy put their identification numbers, called Bureau numbers, on the empennage just below the horizontal tails. To make identification somewhat easier, the F-35 variant designation appears just above the bureau number for the US Marine Corps and Navy. Unfortunately, because of their location these markings are not apparent in most photos. International operators have their own specific requirements for markings.
Other Notes
As noted in a previous Code One article, Norwegian F-35s will be distinguishable by a small, aerodynamically clean bump on the upper fuselage between the two vertical tails. The bump contains a dragchute.
Nosebooms are peculiar to flight test F-35s dedicated to flight sciences testing.
The major differences between the X-35 demonstrator aircraft, which are no longer flying, and F-35 were covered in another previous Code One article.
Basic Cheat Sheet
The F-35A has a small wing, full canopy, gun blister on the left upper side, and aerial refueling receptacle markings on its dorsal. It has no panel lines or markings associated with a STOVL lift system.
The F-35B has a small wing, distinctive fuselage hump and abbreviated canopy (thanks to the lift fan), refueling probe on the right side, and numerous markings, panel lines, and actual hardware associated with its vertical lift system.
The F-35C has the big wing, wing folds, ailerons, full canopy, refueling probe on the right side, and a launch bar and two tires on the front landing gear. If the aircraft has Navy markings, it’s an F-35C.
Some cool turning parts images:
Pont Alexandre III
Image by David McA Photographs
A long exposure shot of the Seine at the Pont Alexandre III, a wonderfully ornate bridge more than the Seine by the Grand Palais in Paris.
I liked the way that the low evening sun lit up the gilded parts of the...
Read more about Cool Turning Components photos
(Posted by a Precision Machining China Manufacturer)
RN02 - cn.1041/NBEN02 - 40 Squadron - 1 Wing - Belgian Air Component - Koksijde AB
Belgian NH90 conducting a SAR demo following a navigation flight during Search and Rescue Meet 2016 held at Koksijde AB.
© Nicholas Thompson - All Rights Reserved
Koksijde AB - 11 Oct 16
Buses are big, complex machines and like any vehicle they need maintenance. Engines and mechanical components wear; the weather takes its toll on the bodywork, not to mention the wear and tear from several hundred passengers a day; and constant use, not to mention being so big, makes them prone to have bumps and dents.
At first sight, Greater Manchester Transport bus number 5060 seems to be having some fairly light work done. But look more closely at the upper part - there's virtually no upstairs saloon! We don't know what caused such a problem, as we'd expect a collision with a bridge or tree to damage the front end also. But whatever the problem was, it would keep 5060 off the road for a few weeks.
This bus was a 'Metrobus' made by MCW in Birmingham as a competitor to the British Leyland conglomerate. The Metrobus was quite successful, and Greater Manchester Transport ordered over 200 in the 1980s. But the deregulation of the bus industry - and a poor reputation for corrosion - finished off the Metrobus and indeed MCW before the decade was out.
There are several Metrobuses preserved today including two, 5083 and coach-finished 5208, on display at the Museum of Transport Greater Manchester. If you'd like to know more about the Museum of Transport and its collection of vintage buses, go to www.gmts.co.uk.
Just like astronauts themselves, each and every part to be used in a spacecraft goes through exhaustive testing, guided by ESA-backed standards - just ask Circuit the Component...
Credit: ESA – Ed Grace
The green toenail of the statue, the names in gold, the Belgian blue stone and the liberation photo: the pieces of a puzzle of historic reality, now long gone.
Needed to get the roll of film out of the camera because it should be finished but advanced it and there was one more shot worth of film, took a picture, advanced it and hit the end, popped the lever to wind the exposed film back into magazine to drop it off at Long's Drugs on Shaw and First in Fresno, California.
Let's have a little chat 📢 about the components of your EDC kit (Every day carry – every day carry).
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No things 👜 don't leave home?
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What's in your purse 👝 (as it is known purse 👛 always there is almost everything, just like it all fit in there – remains a mystery to me 😂), in the glove compartment 🚘 or backpack 🎒?
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Does the set change in summer and winter?
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As for me, of course, a lot depends on the situation. I almost always have my keys, wallet, phone, and camera with me
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#clothing #flashphotography #hairstyle #joint #knee #lip #neck #sleeve #thigh #waist #NikonRussia #NikonD800 #safronoviv_photo
Somewhere in Brentford, next to the busy elevated section of the A4, is a little warehouse where the famous folding Brompton bicycle comes to be.
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All Rights Reserved, as stated. Re-posts are with expressed permission only. You may not use this image, edit it or alter it in any way (and as a result, claim the image or the derivative as your own).
Componente del Grupo "Avant Garde Dance", que con el espectáculo de variedades "The Silver Tree" nos cautivaron en el Festival Internacional de Teatro y Artes de Calle de Valladolid (2010).
Components of the International Space Station, though moving along at 17,500 miles per hour, appear to hover above the Pacific Ocean just off the California coast. Ten cosmonauts and astronauts were working together when this photo was taken -- four of them as STS-135 visitors from the docked space shuttle Atlantis and six as members of the Expedition 28 crew. The Cupola, near center of frame, is attached to Node 3 or Tranquility. A Russian Soyuz and a Russian Progress spacecraft are parked at the station, left side of frame. While much of the coast is obscured by clouds, just inland from left to right, one can see the agriculture of the San Joaquin Valley, the southern Sierra Nevada, the Los Angeles Basin (center), the Mojave Desert, coastal mountains of southern California, the Salton Sea, the Imperial Valley, and the mouth of the Colorado River on the extreme right edge.
Image credit: NASA
Original image:
spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-28/html/...
More about space station research:
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/index.html
There's a Flickr group about Space Station Research. Please feel welcome to join! www.flickr.com/groups/stationscience/
View almost 400 photos like this in the "NASA Earth Images" Flickr photoset: