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Comment fonctionne un four à goémon ?
L’incinération des laminaires sèchées s’effectue vers le début de l’automne, en plein air, à proximité des lieux de récolte, dans des fours de type assez primitif. Un four est une rigole de 10 à 15 mètres de long et de 60 centimètres de large pour 40 centimètres de profondeur environ. Des dalles de pierre tapissent le fond et les parois de la fosse. Le feu y est allumé avec des genêts et des ajoncs.
Quand le four est chaud, on répartit les laminaires sèches en couches minces et le feu s’entretient ainsi, en partie étouffé en rajoutant de temps à autre du goémon frais. La température atteint 800°. Peu à peu se forme une bouillie grise que l’on doit remuer avec de gros bâtons ferrés. Dans cet état pâteux, on sépare la masse en blocs de 50 centimètres environ avec des laminaires fraîches. On obtient ainsi lors du refroidissement, des blocs ou ‘pains’ de soude.
Cinq à six tonnes de goémon frais donnent une tonne de goémon sec avec lequel on prépare environ 200 kg de soude, et plus tard près de 10 kilos d’iode...
patrimoinedesabers.fr/de/landeda/histoires/214-historique...
Une industrie chimique en Bretagne
La Bretagne, n’est pas particulièrement réputée pour son industrie chimique. Pourtant, depuis les premières décennies du 18e siècle, c’est à dire depuis le début de la chimie "moderne", une activité chimique y est menée, sans interruption, autour des algues. (Voir)
L’industrie de la "soude" (carbonate de sodium) se développe d’abord. On extrait ce produit des cendres de goémons séchés. Il est indispensable à la fabrication du verre. Cette activité s’arrête à la fin du 18e siècle quand de nouveaux procédés sont découverts.
Elle reprend en 1829 après que le chimiste Bernard Courtois ait découvert, en 1812, un nouveau et utile produit dans les cendres d’algues : l’iode. L’iode est utilisée, en particulier, en photographie et en médecine. Sa production en Bretagne s’arrête en 1952 à cause de la concurrence de l’iode extrait des nitrates du Chili.
Aujourd’hui le relais est pris par l’extraction des alginates contenus dans les grandes laminaires. En 1883 Edward Stanford isole l’algine des algues, plus tard le norvégien Axel Kefting en extrait l’acide alginique. La production à grande échelle commence en 1930. La Bretagne en produit environ 2000 tonnes dans les usines de Lannilis et Landerneau. Les alginates sont des agents épaississants et stabilisateurs qui interviennent aussi bien dans l’industrie pharmaceutique que dans l’industrie alimentaire ou celle du papier, des colorants ou des produits de moulage.
Plus confidentiels mais tout aussi riches d’intérêt sont les usages alimentaires, pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques des algues.De nombreux laboratoires, dans le Finistère, travaillent dans ces domaines pour des produits " haut de gamme " souvent destinés à l’exportation.
seaus.free.fr/spip.php?article130
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A chemical industry in Brittany, in the past and today
Northern Finistère, in Brittany, is not really welknown for its chemical industry. Yet, since the 17th century, that is to say when chemistry started to develop, a chemical industry was carried out, non stop, around seaweed.
In the past
The industry of « soda » (sodium carbonate) first developed. This product is extracted from ashes of dried seaweed. It is necessary to make glass and soap. That activity came to an end at the end of the 18th century when new ways were discovered.
It resumed in 1829 after Bernard Courtois, the chemist, had discovered in 1812 a new an useful product in seaweed ashes : iode. It is mainly used in photo-making and medecine. Its production in Brittany stopped in 1952, because of the competition of iodine, extracted from nitrates in Chili.
Today
Today, the extraction of alginates contained in big laminaria has taken over. In 1883, Edward Stanford isolated the algine of seaweed, later Axel Kefting, a Norvegian, extracted algine acid. Its production on a large scale started in 1930. Brittany produces about 2000 tons in its factories in Lannilis and Landerneau. Alginates are thickening and stabilying agents, that are used both in the pharmaceutical industry and food industry, or in that of paper, colouring or moulding products.
The use of seaweed in food, pharmacy or cosmetics is less known., though worthy of interest. Many laboratories in Finistere work in that field for « top quality » products, often meant for export.
The burning of seaweed
Each year, the museum of seaweed gatherers, in Plouguerneau, on the Northern coast of Finistère organises the burning of seaweed in its old furnaces so as to get ashes with a large amount of soda. We went on the spot, to extract a « soda loaf », in a compact shape. The hot cinders seem to be melting, and are cast in the cells of the furnace, while they are cooling.
The mechanical processing of the ashes :
We first roughly broke the « soda loaf » with a hammer. We, then, crushed the ashes in a mortar with a pestel. Then, we sifted them, to obtain a thin powder.
The washing of the ashes
We left to boil 20g of the ashes in 100 cm3 of water for about 5 min. We filtered it. A solid deposit of about 9g was left (weighed after drying). The solution contains soluble substances, mainly carbonate and iodur ions.
The stone circle at Castlerigg (alt. Keswick Carles, Carles, Carsles or Castle-rig) is situated near Keswick in Cumbria, North West England. One of around 1,300 stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany, it was constructed as a part of a megalithic tradition that lasted from 3,300 to 900 BCE, during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages.
Various archaeologists have commented positively on the beauty and romance of the Castlerigg ring and its natural environment. In his study of the stone circles of Cumbria, archaeologist John Waterhouse commented that the site was "one of the most visually-impressive prehistoric monuments in Britain."
Every year, thousands of tourists travel to the site, making it the most visited stone circle in Cumbria.This plateau forms the raised centre of a natural amphitheatre created by the surrounding fells and from within the circle it is possible to see some of the highest peaks in Cumbria: Helvellyn, Skiddaw, Grasmoor and Blencathra.
Thanks to all that choose to comment etc,...Much Appreciated.
Ruddy Darter - Sympetrum sanguineum
Penallta
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© Photography of Ricardo Gomez Angel
All rights reserved. All images on this website are the property of Ricardo Gomez Angel. Images may not be reproduced, copied or used in any way without written permission.
© Fotografía de Ricardo Gomez Angel
Todos los derechos reservados. Todas las imágenes contenidas en este sitio web son propiedad de Ricardo Gomez Angel. Las imágenes no se pueden reproducir, copiar o utilizar de ninguna manera sin el permiso escrito
Comments are always welcome and favs most appreciated.
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© Photography of Ricardo Gomez Angel
All rights reserved. All images on this website are the property of Ricardo Gomez Angel. Images may not be reproduced, copied or used in any way without written permission.
© Fotografía de Ricardo Gomez Angel
Todos los derechos reservados. Todas las imágenes contenidas en este sitio web son propiedad de Ricardo Gomez Angel. Las imágenes no se pueden reproducir, copiar o utilizar de ninguna manera sin el permiso escrito
Comments are always welcome and favs most appreciated.
Comentarios y favs son siempre bienvenidos
© Photography of Ricardo Gomez Angel
All rights reserved. All images on this website are the property of Ricardo Gomez Angel. Images may not be reproduced, copied or used in any way without written permission.
© Fotografía de Ricardo Gomez Angel
Todos los derechos reservados. Todas las imágenes contenidas en este sitio web son propiedad de Ricardo Gomez Angel. Las imágenes no se pueden reproducir, copiar o utilizar de ninguna manera sin el permiso escrito
Many thanks for your visits, faves and comments. Cheers.
Little Pied Cormorant
Scientific Name: melanoleucos Phalacrocorax
Identification: The Little Pied Cormorant is entirely black above and white below. The face is dusky and, in adult birds, the white of the underside extends to above the eye. Immature birds resemble the adults except there is no white above the eye.
Size range: 50 cm to 66 cm
Similar Species: Pied Cormorant
Distribution: The Little Pied Cormorant is found throughout Australia.
Habitat: The Little Pied Cormorant is at home in either fresh or salt water. It is often seen in large flocks on open waterways and on the coast, especially where large numbers of fish are present. On inland streams and dams, however, it is often solitary. The Little Pied Cormorant mixes readily with the similarly sized Little Black Cormorant, P. sulcirostris.
Feeding and Diet: Little Pied Cormorants feed on a wide variety of aquatic animals, from insects to fish. On inland streams and dams they turn to their most favoured food: yabbies (freshwater crayfish). These are caught by deep underwater dives with both feet kicking outward in unison. Other crustaceans are also taken, with shrimps being a large part of their diet in winter months.
Mating and reproduction: Little Pied Cormorants breed either in colonies or, less commonly, in single pairs. The nest is a flat platform of sticks, lined with green leaves and is usually placed in a tree. Both adults share in egg incubation and care of the young. Clutch size: 3 to 4
(Source: www.australianmuseum.net.au/little-pied-cormorant)
© Chris Burns 2016
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This image may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying and recording without my written consent.
Any comments much appreciated but please no awards unless it is accompanied with a comment. Thanks :) Nearly didn't bother to process this one but didn't have much to upload so thought I'd save this one. Will get back on these drops soon when I have more time!
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comments off (apart from Hannah had already commented before i changed the settings)
thank you Hannah x
Un été au Havre 2021 - Gold Coast
Oeuvre éphémère - Il s’agit d’une création du duo HeHe, constitué d’Helen Evans et Heiko Hansen
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TUTTI i commenti contenenti rimandi ad un gruppo del tipo post/award e TUTTI i comment code verranno da me rimossi
ALL comments containing a group link (like post/award) and ALL comment codes will be removed by me
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Comments are always welcome and favs most appreciated.
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© Photography of Ricardo Gomez Angel
All rights reserved. All images on this website are the property of Ricardo Gomez Angel. Images may not be reproduced, copied or used in any way without written permission.
© Fotografía de Ricardo Gomez Angel
Todos los derechos reservados. Todas las imágenes contenidas en este sitio web son propiedad de Ricardo Gomez Angel. Las imágenes no se pueden reproducir, copiar o utilizar de ninguna manera sin el permiso escrito
Thank you flickr friends for all your wonderful comments and favs. I enjoy sharing photo's and being part of your world!! Hugs!!
Comment Box ..CLOSED..
but will be returning faves "Share + Look"
All best wish happy and take care 2024
Aber Lin
Feb/16/2024
😍😍😷😷💉💉💉💉😷😷😍😍
☺
Hello my friends! I'm back, but with limited internet connection. I will make sure to catch up with everyone who leaves a comment soon as I am back online full time (probably this week!)
:about the photo:
I got inspired to get back out there and captured this morning shot one day after my previous upload :-)
This is a bit of rocky outcropping (extending from a larger island) which I've climbed on many times for other shots :-)
That small tree you see reflecting in the water saved me one morning from sliding down that slippery slope... so I love that little tree! ;-)
If anyone's still reading... that is a dark fog bank covering the area below the sun!
It continued moving over the area and covered more of the landscape which I had intended to shoot, but it made for an interesting & beautiful photo this day (in my opinion)
:-)
There was a slight fog in the foreground as well, which mixed with a bit of steam rising off the freezing waters and gave the entire scene an eerie coloring that morn.
Speaking of freezing, the temperature was -12°C (minus twelve) between 8 & 9 that morning, and I captured this shot a bit after 9. I stayed out a while and saw some amazing views that day! No regrets :-)
* my Sony camera was damaged in a drop recently, the same day I took my 1st Upright Landscape photo (2 photos back in my photostream).
It is still damaged but I can use it to shoot 4:3 shots... but I can't access 16:9, 1:1 or other ratios. I also can't access the Flash settings or other fine controls. But at least it still zooms! *
Thanks guys for sticking around, it's great to be able to share this one with you today :-)
(Once I have full internet service again, I'll catch up with all who have commented too!)
...Friends, feel free to add yourself to the 'People In Photo' list if you'd like :-)
Hope you find something interesting or enjoyable in this capture ☺
Thanks everyone for your wonderful Comments & Faves, I truly appreciate your support :-)
Have a beautiful day my friends!!!
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Enjoy the view!
CRUSH
Comments are always welcome and favs most appreciated.
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© Photography of Ricardo Gomez Angel
All rights reserved. All images on this website are the property of Ricardo Gomez Angel. Images may not be reproduced, copied or used in any way without written permission.
© Fotografía de Ricardo Gomez Angel
Todos los derechos reservados. Todas las imágenes contenidas en este sitio web son propiedad de Ricardo Gomez Angel. Las imágenes no se pueden reproducir, copiar o utilizar de ninguna manera sin el permiso escrito
All constructive comments are appreciated. TIA
The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep native to North America. It is named for its large horns. A pair of horns might weigh up to 14 kg (30 lb); the sheep typically weigh up to 143 kg (315 lb).(Wikipedia).
To see more pictures of Rocky Mountain Sheep please visit by album at www.flickr.com/photos/black_cat_photography/albums/721777...
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