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Henry McNeal Turner was an organizer of the African Methodist Episcopal Church during Reconstruction. At first he counseled cooperation with the regions whites, but eventually he became disaffected by the racism he encountered, which included the ousting of blacks from the state house and disenfranchisement of blacks (loss of their right to vote). In time he favored resettlement in Africa. But some whom he helped to send there returned disillusioned and criticized him. He died somewhat ostracized by both the white and black communities.

 

Here is what the New Georgia Encyclopedia has to say about him:

www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.com/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-632&a...

 

Henry McNeal Turner (1834-1915)

 

One of the most influential African American leaders in late-nineteenth-century Georgia, Henry McNeal Turner was a pioneering church organizer and missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in Georgia, later rising to the rank of bishop. Turner was also an active politician and Reconstruction-era state legislator from Macon. Later in life, he became an outspoken advocate of back-to-Africa emigration.

 

Turner was born in 1834 in Newberry Courthouse, South Carolina, to Sarah Greer and Hardy Turner. Turner was never a slave. His paternal grandmother was a white plantation owner. His maternal grandfather, David Greer, arrived in North America aboard a slave ship but, according to family legend, was found to have a tattoo with the Mandingo coat of arms, signifying his royal status. The South Carolinians decided not to sell Greer into slavery and sent him to live with a Quaker family.

 

Against great odds, Turner managed to receive an education. An Abbeville, South Carolina, law firm employed him at age fifteen to do janitorial tasks, and the firm's lawyers, appreciating his high intelligence, helped provide him with a well-rounded education. About a year earlier, Turner had been converted during a Methodist revival and decided he would one day become a preacher. After receiving his preacher's license in 1853, he traveled throughout the South as an itinerant evangelist, going as far as New Orleans, Louisiana. Much of his time was spent in Georgia, where he preached at revivals in Macon, Athens, and Atlanta. In 1856 he married Eliza Peacher, the daughter of a wealthy African American house builder in Columbia, South Carolina. They had fourteen children, only four of whom survived into adulthood.

 

In 1858 he and his family journeyed north to St. Louis, Missouri, where he was accepted as a preacher in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Turner feared southern legislation threatening enslavement of free African Americans. For the next five years, he filled pastorates in Baltimore, Maryland, and in Washington, D.C., and witnessed the outbreak of the Civil War (1861-65). During his time in Washington, he befriended Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens, and other powerful Republican legislators. In 1863 Turner was instrumental in organizing the First Regiment of U.S. Colored Troops in his own churchyard and was mustered into service as an army chaplain for that regiment. He and his regiment were involved in numerous battles in the Virginia theater.

 

At the war's end, U.S. president Andrew Johnson reassigned Turner to a black regiment in Atlanta, but Turner resigned when he realized it already had a chaplain. He spent much of the next three years traveling throughout Georgia, helping to organize the African Methodist Episcopal Church in what was virgin, but not always friendly, territory. African Americans flocked to the new denomination, but the lack of such essentials as trained pastors and adequate meeting space challenged Turner.

 

In 1867, after Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, Turner switched his energies to the political sphere. He helped organize Georgia's Republican Party. He served in the state's constitutional convention and then was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives, representing Macon. In 1868, when the vast majority of white legislators decided to expel their African American peers on the grounds that officeholding was a privilege denied those from a servile background, Turner delivered an eloquent speech from the floor. Unfortunately, it did little to sway his fellow legislators. Soon afterward Turner received threats from the Ku Klux Klan.

 

In 1869 he was appointed postmaster of Macon by U.S. president Ulysses S. Grant but was forced to resign a few weeks later under fire from allegations that he consorted with prostitutes and had passed defective currency. At the behest of the U.S. Congress, he did reclaim his legislative seat in 1870, but he was denied reelection in a fraud-filled contest a few months later. Turner moved to Savannah, where he worked at the Custom House and served as a pastor of the prestigious St. Philip's AME Church. In 1876 he was elected manager of the publishing house of the church. Four years later, in a hard-fought and controversial contest, he won election as the twelfth bishop of the AME Church.

 

Turner was an extremely vigorous and successful bishop. In 1885 he became the first AME bishop to ordain a woman, Sarah Ann Hughes, to the office of deacon. He wrote The Genius and Theory of Methodist Polity (1885), a learned guide to Methodist policies and practices. He twice entered the political ranks in support of prohibition referenda in Atlanta. After his wife, Eliza, died in 1889, Turner eventually married three more times: Martha Elizabeth DeWitt in 1893; Harriet A. Wayman in 1900; and Laura Pearl Lemon in 1907. Between 1891 and 1898, Turner traveled four times to Africa. He was instrumental in promoting the annual conferences in Liberia and Sierra Leone and in attaining a merger with the Ethiopian Church in South Africa. Turner also sought to promote the growth of the AME Church in Latin America, sending missionaries to Cuba and Mexico.

 

With the support of white businessmen from Alabama, Turner helped organize the International Migration Society to promote the return of African Americans to Africa. To further the emigrationist cause, he established his own newspapers: The Voice of Missions (editor, 1893-1900) and later The Voice of the People (editor, 1901-4). Two ships with a total of 500 or more emigrants sailed to Liberia in 1895 and 1896, but a number returned, complaining about disease and the country's poor economic prospects. Turner remained an advocate of back-to-Africa programs but was unable to make further headway against the negative reactions of returned emigrants. In his later years he felt increasingly estranged from the South.

 

Turner died on May 8, 1915, in Windsor, Canada, while traveling on church business. He is buried in Atlanta. A portrait of Turner hangs in the state capitol.

  

Here is the wikipedia entry on him:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_McNeal_Turner

 

Henry McNeal Turner (February 1, 1834 – May 8, 1915) was a minister, politician, and the first southern bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church; he was a pioneer in Georgia in organizing new congregations of the independent black denomination after the American Civil War. Born free in South Carolina, Turner learned to read and write and became a Methodist preacher. He joined the AME Church in St. Louis, Missouri in 1858, where he became a minister; later he had pastorates in Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, DC.

 

In 1863 during the American Civil War, Turner was appointed as the first black chaplain in the United States Colored Troops. Afterward, he was appointed to the Freedman's Bureau in Georgia. He settled in Macon and was elected to the state legislature in 1868 during Reconstruction. He planted many AME churches in Georgia after the war. In 1880 he was elected as the first southern bishop of the AME Church after a fierce battle within the denomination. Angered by the Democrats' regaining power and instituting Jim Crow laws in the late nineteenth century South, Turner began to support black nationalism and emigration of blacks to Africa. He was the chief figure to do so in the late nineteenth century; the movement grew after World War I.

 

Biography

 

Turner was born free in Newberry, South Carolina to Sarah Greer and Hardy Turner, both of African and European ancestry. Some sources say he was born in Abbeville, South Carolina. His father's parents were a white mother, who was a plantation owner, and a black father; according to partus sequitur ventrem, her children were free, as she was. According to family tradition, his maternal grandfather, renamed David Greer, was imported as a slave to South Carolina from Africa. Traders noticed he had royal Mandingo marks and did not sell him into slavery; Greer worked for a Quaker family and married a free woman of color. Turner grew up with his mother and maternal grandmother.

 

South Carolina law at the time of Turner's birth prohibited teaching blacks to read and write. As a youth, he worked as a custodian for a law firm, where his intelligence was noted by sympathetic whites; they taught him to read and write.

 

Career

 

At the age of 14, Turner was inspired by a Methodist revival and swore to become a pastor. He received his preacher's license at the age of 19 from the Methodist Church South in 1853. He traveled through the South for a few years as an evangelist and exhorter.

 

In 1858 he moved with his family to Saint Louis, Missouri. The demand for slaves in the South made him fear that members of his family might be kidnapped and sold into slavery, as has been documented for hundreds of free blacks. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 seemed to increase the boldness of slave traders and people they hired as slavecatchers. In St. Louis, he became ordained as a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) and studied the classics, Hebrew and divinity at Trinity College.

 

He also served in pastorates in Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, DC, where he met influential Republicans.

 

Marriage and family

 

In 1856, Turner married Eliza Peacher, daughter of a wealthy black contractor in Columbia, South Carolina. They had 14 children, four of whom lived to adulthood. After her death in 1889, Turner married Martha Elizabeth DeWitt in 1893; Harriet A. Wayman in 1900; and Laura Pearl Lemon in 1907. He outlived three of his four wives.

 

Civil War

 

During the American Civil War, Turner organized one of the first regiments of black troops (Company B of the First United States Colored Troops), and was appointed as chaplain to it. He was the first of the 14 black chaplains to be appointed during the war.

 

After the war, he was appointed by President Andrew Johnson to work with the Freedman's Bureau in Georgia during Reconstruction. White clergy from the North also led some Freedmen's Bureau operations.

 

Political influence

 

Following the Civil War, Turner became politically active with the Republican Party, whose officials had led the war effort and, under Abraham Lincoln, emancipated the slaves throughout the Confederacy. He helped found the Republican Party of Georgia. Turner ran for political office from Macon and was elected to the Georgia Legislature in 1868. At the time, the Democratic Party (United States) still controlled the legislature and refused to seat Turner and 26 other newly elected black legislators, all Republicans. After the federal government protested, the Democrats allowed Turner and his fellow legislators to take their seats during the second session.

 

In 1869, he was appointed by the Republican administration as postmaster of Macon, which was a political plum. Turner was dismayed after the Democrats regained power in the state and throughout the South by the late 1870s. He had seen the rise in violence at the polls, which repressed black voting. In 1883, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1875, forbidding racial discrimination in hotels, trains, and other public places, was unconstitutional. Turner was incensed:

 

"The world has never witnessed such barbarous laws entailed upon a free people as have grown out of the decision of the United States Supreme Court, issued October 15, 1883. For that decision alone authorized and now sustains all the unjust discriminations, proscriptions and robberies perpetrated by public carriers upon millions of the nation's most loyal defenders. It fathers all the 'Jim-Crow cars' into which colored people are huddled and compelled to pay as much as the whites, who are given the finest accommodations. It has made the ballot of the black man a parody, his citizenship a nullity and his freedom a burlesque. It has engendered the bitterest feeling between the whites and blacks, and resulted in the deaths of thousands, who would have been living and enjoying life today."

 

In the late nineteenth century, he witnessed state legislatures in Georgia and across the South passing measures to disfranchise blacks. He became a proponent of black nationalism and supported emigration of American blacks to Africa.He thought it was the only way they could make free and independent lives for themselves. When he traveled to Africa, he was struck by the differences in the attitude of Africans who ruled themselves and had never known the degradation of slavery.

 

He founded the International Migration Society, supported by his own newspapers: The Voice of Missions (he served as editor, 1893-1900) and later The Voice of the People (editor, 1901-4). He organized two ships with a total of 500 or more emigrants, who traveled to Liberia in 1895 and 1896. This was established as an American colony by the American Colonization Society before the Civil War, and settled by free American blacks, who tended to push aside the native African peoples. Disliking the lack of economic opportunity, cultural shock and disease, some of the migrants returned to the United States. After that, Turner did not organize another expedition.

 

Church leadership

 

As a correspondent for The Christian Reporter, the weekly newspaper of the AME Church, he wrote extensively about the Civil War. Later he wrote about the condition of his parishioners in Georgia.

 

When Turner joined the AME Church in 1858, its members lived mostly in the Northern and border states; total members numbered 20,000. His biographer Stephen W. Angell described Turner as "one of the most skillful denominational builders in American history." After the Civil War, he founded many AME congregations in Georgia as part of a missionary effort by the church in the South. It gained more than 250,000 new adherents throughout the South by 1877, and by 1896 had a total of more than 452,000 members nationally.

 

In 1880, Turner was elected as the first bishop from the South in the AME Church, after a hard battle within the denomination. Although one of the last bishops to have struggled up from poverty and a self-made man, he was the first AME Bishop to ordain a woman to the order of Deacon. He discontinued the controversial practice because of threats and discontent among the congregations. During and after the 1880s, Turner supported prohibition and women's suffrage movements. He also served for twelve years as chancellor of Morris Brown College (now Morris Brown University), a historically black college affiliated with the AME Church in Atlanta.

 

During the 1890s, Turner went four times to Liberia and Sierra Leone, United States and British colonies respectively. As bishop, he organized four annual AME conferences in Africa to introduce more American blacks to the continent and organize missions in the colonies.He also worked to establish the AME Church in South Africa, where he negotiated a merger with the Ethiopian Church. Due to his efforts, African students from South Africa began coming to the United States to attend Wilberforce University in Ohio, which the AME church had operated since 1863. His efforts to combine missionary work with encouraging emigration to Africa were divisive in the AME Church.

 

Turner crossed denominational lines in the United States, building connections with black Baptists, for instance.[4] He was known as a fiery orator. He notably preached that God was black, scandalizing some but appealing to his colleagues at the first Black Baptist Convention when he said:

 

"We have as much right biblically and otherwise to believe that God is a Negroe, as you buckra or white people have to believe that God is a fine looking, symmetrical and ornamented white man. For the bulk of you and all the fool Negroes of the country believe that God is white-skinned, blue eyed, straight-haired, projected nosed, compressed lipped and finely robed white gentleman, sitting upon a throne somewhere in the heavens. Every race of people who have attempted to describe their God by words, or by paintings, or by carvings, or any other form or figure, have conveyed the idea that the God who made them and shaped their destinies was symbolized in themselves, and why should not the Negroe believe that he resembles God." -- Voice of Missions, February 1898

 

He died while visiting Windsor, Ontario in 1915. Turner was buried in Atlanta. After his death, W.E.B. Du Bois wrote in The Crisis magazine about him:

  

"Turner was the last of his clan, mighty men mentally and physically, men who started at the bottom and hammered their way to the top by sheer brute strength, they were the spiritual progeny of African chieftains, and they built the African church in America."

 

One of the ultimate cafe racers of their day. The BSA Gold Star 500 cc single.

The BSA Gold Star, (1938–1963), is a 350 cc and 500 cc 4-stroke production motorcycle that gained its reputation for being one of the fastest machines of the 1950s. These motorcycles were popular for their high performance. Besides being hand built, with many optional performance modifications available, they came from the factory with documented dynamometer test results, allowing the new owner to see the horsepower produced.

 

1956 DBD34

The most prized model was the 500 cc DBD34 introduced in 1956, with clip-on handlebars, finned alloy engine, polished tank, 36 mm bell-mouth Amal carburettor and swept-back exhaust. The DBD34 had a 110 mph (177 km/h) top speed. The Gold Star dominated the Isle of Man Clubmans TT that year. Later models had a very high first Gear, enabling 60 mph (97 km/h) plus before changing up to second. Production ended in 1963.[5]

Wilkie Collins - The Moonstone

Penguin Classics, 1986

Cover: A detail of J.M.W. Turner's 'The Fighting Temeraire', in the National Gallery, London

Plateauschuhe Buffalo Classics mit typischer Wolkensohle in Kombination mit Latexkleidung

River City Classics is probably the biggest one day car show in western Canada, held in High River, it's also the last major classic car event before winter arrives... Although it almost felt like winter for much of the day this year... Brrr...

Plateauschuhe Buffalo Classics mit typischer Wolkensohle in Kombination mit Latexkleidung

A quick look at all three classic Daleks together. I'm happy with my shots of figure outdoors, but not my indoor shots. The lighting is basic and my set-up skills are lacking. Also my mini-gorillapod seems to be on it's way out too, making this a very hit and miss session. I'll have a go a re-shooting this picture in the future, with hopefully more success!

Plateauschuhe Buffalo Classics mit typischer Wolkensohle in Kombination mit Latexkleidung

Cararama 716 Set Ford Capri silver.

1/76 scale.

 

Diecast Ford Capri Models

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Openig-Act di The 1975, il 12 aprile 2016 al Fabrique di Milano, The Japanese House.

 

Born and raised in Buckinghamshire, The Japanese House aka 20 year old Amber Bain now lives in Camden but isn't quite sure why as she spends most of her time hanging about East London. Giving up on childhood dreams of being a politician, at age 11 Amber discovered that music was cool and settled on being a rock star instead. Her father taught her all the classics (AC/DC and Stairway To Heaven) on the acoustic guitar and her musical fate was secured. Very much part of the Dirty Hit Records family, she counts members of The 1975 as co-producers and is a regular on label mate Marika Hackman's instagram. Despite having already released the brilliant EP, Pools To Bathe In, and preparing to drop the second, Clean, Amber has only recently begun to perform her material live following a series of reportedly very fun, very loud rehearsals. "I'm sorry if I'm shouting… my ears are constantly ringing!" she tells us over coffee. She decides that her music sounds like "a sad little puppy listening to Beyoncé to cheer itself up" and we decide that it's no wonder Ryan Hemsworth wants to work with her. Get to know the girl soundtracking our waking hours and putting us to sleep at night… welcome to The Japanese House.

 

Plateauschuhe Buffalo Classics mit typischer Wolkensohle in Kombination mit Latexkleidung

Rehearsals for the Ann Arbor Dance Classics 2019 Recital on Wednesday June 5th, 2019. Performances were held on Friday June 7th and Saturday June 8th at Milan High School (Milan, Michigan). These are photos from the audience as I was not stage managing this year. More time for pictures!

Rehearsals for the Ann Arbor Dance Classics 2023 Recital on Wednesday June 14th, 2023. Performances were held on Friday June 16th and Saturday June 17th at Milan High School (Milan, Michigan). There were two performances on each day.

Working late into the night at the Faculty of Classics.

Two classics ply the icy Detroit River a very cold morning in January of 2001. In this view from Windsor, Ontario the steamer 1953 built Saginaw downbound with a load of grain and the upbound US Coast Guard icebreaker Mackinaw. The Saginaw would give up her steam boilers and turbine in 2008 for a new diesel engine. The Mackinaw of 1944 at 290'x74' would be replaced in 2005 by a new icebreaker of the same name, but smaller at 240'x58'.

The World Around Us / Heft-Reihe

The Illustrated Story of Magic

cover: ?

Gilberton (A Classics Illustrated) / USA 1960

Reprint / Comic-Club NK 2010

ex libris MTP

www.comics.org/issue/224726/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classics_Illustrated

My MB-3 and CB-1 Bridgestone bicycles getting some good use. No longer made, they are wonderfully vintage now but classic.

JD Classics Mayfair London

 

www.jdclassics.com/showrooms/Porsche-Carrera-GT/12510.htm

 

The Porsche Carrera GT can trace its roots back to a stillborn racing program in the late 1990s, when Porsche sought to produce a new Le Mans prototype to replace the GT1. Originally intended to be powered by a 5.5-liter V-10, a change in FIA rules shelved Porsche’s racing plans while the model was in development. Porsche believed it could adapt the platform for use on the road if the car could not be used for racing.

 

The Carrera GT was first seen in concept form on Porsche’s stand at the Paris Motor show in 2000. The concept received a massive amount of attention. With additional revenue thanks to the then new Cayenne SUV, Porsche decided to proceed with production going head-to-head with the Ferrari Enzo, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, and even the Ford GT.

 

Notable technology includes a full carbon fibre monocoque and subframe produced by ATR Composites of Colonna, Italy. The Carrera GT was also fitted with a racing-derived suspension with upper and lower wishbones and inboard, rocker-arm suspension at all four corners. Ventilated and cross-drilled carbon-ceramic brakes are surrounded by forged magnesium alloy center-lock wheels.

 

While Porsche planned a 1,500-unit production run, only 1,270 examples were delivered beginning in 2004 and ending on May 6, 2006. A total of 644 units were sold in the United States, 31 units in Canada and 49 units in the UK.

 

This 2005 constructed Carrera GT was ordered as a USA Specification car and delivered via Porsche Canada on 31st April 2005 in GT Silver Metallic with Ascot Brown and Natural Black Leather trim. Factory options were a Carrera GT Car cover, manually adjustable air conditioning system, Ascot Brown and Black luggage set and Porsche Online Pro CD Radio with BOSE sound system.

 

This outstanding Carrera GT has covered just 981 miles from new with only two owners. Complete with all books and owner's manuals, Service history, Tools, Porsche Heritage Certificate, Porsche correspondence and spare key set.

 

A major service at 916 miles in November 2015 was carried out by an Official Porsche Centre and included the installation of a new clutch.

 

An Outstanding low mileage Carrera GT in superb order throughout. Please contact us for further details.

Photos from backstage at the Ann Arbor Dance Classics performance of the Nutcracker on Saturday December 10th at Milan High School (Milan, Michigan). These are mostly from the second act because I was on stage for the first act. The performances are at 2pm on Saturday and Sunday December 10th & 11th, 2021. The Nutcracker was Composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

a Mazda Luce GR II and a r32 gtr

Classics Illustrated / Heft-Reihe

Robert louis Stevenson / The Master of Ballantrae

cover: Alex Blum

Gilberton Company / USA 1951

ex libris MTP

www.comics.org/issue/515196/?

Classics.NL Leeuwarden

A steel-framed Crust Lightning Bolt pauses to enjoy FL Wright's Guggenheim. (Fellow bike enthusiasts, details of this 650b bike are here.)

An interesting Ford Model A hot rod, at least some parts of it are Ford Model A LOL, definitely a good looking build... The specs of the bodyshell - based on a 1930 Model A, 1932 Model A rails, on the front end a 1940 Chevrolet hood and 1941 Terraplane grille...

 

A trip to the huge River City Classics car show, at least 1250 cars were registered! Always the biggest show of the year in southern Alberta...

Classics Illustrated / Heft-Reihe

Arthur Conan Doyle / The White Company

cover: ?

art: Alex Blum

Gilberton Company / USA 1952

ex libris MTP

www.comics.org/issue/515216/

Here is the Classics/Universe subset of my Transformers collection in their robot modes as of March 2009.

Moto Classics Series a Castelloli

A 1971 MG B GT, photographed at the "Classics in Cardiff" show, in May 2017.

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