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The European honey bee or Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honey bee. The genus Apis is Latin for "bee", and mellifera comes from the Latin meli- "honey" and ferre "to bear" — hence the scientific name means "honey-bearing bee". The name was coined in 1758 by Carolus Linnaeus who, realizing that the bees do not bear honey, but nectar, tried later to correct it to Apis mellifica ("honey-making bee") in a subsequent publication. However, according to the rules of synonymy in zoological nomenclature, the older name has precedence. Some people who are unaware of this still use the incorrect subsequent spelling. As of October 28, 2006, the Honey Bee Genome Sequencing Consortium fully sequenced and analyzed the genome of Apis mellifera.
A abelha-européia (Apis mellifera) é uma abelha social, de origem européia, cujas operárias medem de 12 mm a 13 mm de comprimento e apresentam pêlos do tórax mais escuros.
Introduzida no Brasil em 1839, para suprir apiários na produção de mel e cera. Também é chamada de abelha-alemã, abelha-comum, abelha-da-europa, abelha-de-mel, abelha-doméstica, abelha-do-reino, abelha-escura, abelha-europa, abelha-preta e oropa.
Mel, pólen, própolis e um exemplo de organização social é o que as abelhas generosamente oferecem ao homem.
A abelha comum ocidental, a Apis mellifera, é originária da Ásia e da Europa e foi introduzida na América por ingleses e espanhóis. Vive em colónias permanentes, formadas por uma rainha (no máximo duas, excepcionalmente), abelhas operárias (entre 10 mil e 15 mil), e entre 500 e 1.500 zangões, ou machos. As fêmeas diferenciam-se dos zangões(machos)pois estas possuem ferrão.
As abelhas vivem em colmeias, que podem ser artificiais ou naturais. Em seu interior, as operárias usam cera para construir os favos (formados por células em forma de prisma hexagonal), onde armazenam mel e pólen para alimentar tanto as larvas como os insectos adultos.
A rainha ocupa-se exclusivamente em colocar ovos: cerca de 3 mil por dia. Quando uma colmeia necessita de uma fêmea fecunda, as obreiras constroem um alvéolo maior e nele são depositados todos os ovos fecundados. As larvas desses ovos recebem uma alimentação especial e convertem-se em rainhas. Como em cada comunidade só pode viver uma rainha, gera-se uma "disputa pelo poder" sendo as vencidas expulsas da colmeia.
Os zangões são os elementos improdutivos da colónia e a sua única função é fecundar a rainha.
Normalmente, todos os anos cada colónia libera um ou mais enxames sempre contendo uma rainha que se instala noutro lugar, com abundância de flores, fundando uma nova colónia. É assim que a espécie se propaga.
The People's Climate Movement activists wave a parachute banner at the American Petroleum Institute headquarters in Washington, D.C., Oct. 14, 2015, in one of hundreds of climate rallies across the United States marking the one year anniversary of the historic climate week action in New York and calling for real legally binding obligations in Paris at the United Nation's Congress of the Parties meeting in December 2015. Photo by Robert Meyers/Greenpeace
Kereta api sawunggalih menggunakan rangkaian terbaru. Terdiri dari 2 kelas, kelas Ekskutif stainless steel 2018 dan kelas ekonomi stainless steel 2018. Terlihat di foto kereta api sawunggalih melintasi desa tumiyang.
Looking for a crashed alien spaceship in New Mexico, but the kind of dbris we find looks more like this...
Western honey bee
Two of our neighbors keep bees; just across the street and next door to the south. The hot weather seems to have increased their water needs dramatically, something that would seem obvious but which I hadn't even considered. They have water near the hives but since the last few days have been in the '100's' they discovered our bird bath. We welcome them as we do most all creatures (excepting rattlers, black widow spiders and scorpions [and possibly roaches]).
The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bee worldwide. The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee", and mellifera means "honey-bearing", referring to the species' tendency to produce a large quantity of honey for storage over the winter.
Like all honey bees, the western honey bee is eusocial, creating colonies with a single fertile female (or "queen"), many sterile females or "workers," and small proportion of fertile males or "drones." Individual colonies can house tens of thousands of bees. Colony activities are organized by complex communication between individuals, through both odors and the dance language.
The western honey bee was one of the first domesticated insects, and it is the primary species maintained by beekeepers to this day for both its honey production and pollination activities. With human assistance, the western honey bee now occupies every continent except Antarctica. Because of its wide cultivation, this species is the single most important pollinator for agriculture globally. A number of pests and diseases threaten the honey bee, especially colony collapse disorder.
Western honey bees are an important model organism in scientific studies, particularly in the fields of social evolution, learning, and memory; they are also used in studies of pesticide toxicity, to assess non-target impacts of commercial pesticides.
From Wikipedia, mostly, the free encyclopedia
"The API [Asian/Pacific Islander] reception really made me feel welcome. You see a lot of people like you. I'm Hmong, and sometimes when you see other Hmong around campus, you don't really see a lot more that welcome you. When you walk by someone like you, they might not say hi, but here, you get that welcome feeling.
I'm excited to work this semester—I'm an activity coordinator for the Hmong Student Association on campus, and it's my first year doing it. I'm coordinating socials, so I'm excited to connect with all the students in the organization."
Amanda Yang
Sophomore, civil engineering
Photographed on Thursday, September 12, 2019 in Chico, Calif.
(Jessica Bartlett/University Photographer/CSU Chico)
SEMUA orang bahagia. Kembang api disulut di tepian pantai. Mereka semua bersorak di atas pasir putih. Seorang bule hanya memakai celana. Sedang kekasihnya memakai baju setengah dada. Mereka berpesta, laiaknya engkau baru saja diangkat menjadi manager, atau bahkan orang tua pacarmu baru saja merestui hubunganmu. Semua bersorak luar biasa meriah. Tentu rezeki nomplok bagi pedagang. Di akhir tahun seperti ini, cuaca tak bisa ditebak. Hujan kadang-kadang datang pagi-pagi sekali. Wisatawan yang berkunjung, menjadi tak tentu. Padahal saat ini adalaha musim liburan. Permasalahan baru muncul lantaran sulitnya memutar uang setoran. Beruntung, malam penghujung tahun, cuaca begitu mendukung. Entah itu mendukung turis-turis yang sengaja datang dari negeri jauh ke sini, atau mendukung perayaanmu atas kegembiraan atas jabatan baru dan tunjangan ahir tahun, bisa pula dukungan kepada para pedagang di sepanjang pesisir.
Sungguh tak masuk akal. Semua rela demi kembang api. Sepanjang jalan adalah bunyi klakson dan antrean mobil. Tak sedikitpun bisa bergerak. Diperkirakan sepanjang 5 kilometer, mengantre ribuan mobil, bus, dan bahkan truk yang mengangkut logistik. Seperti ular panjang yang tak kau ketahui bagian kepala dan ekornya. Pintu masuk tak dijaga petugas, mereka menyerah. Kewalahan mengatur deretan mobil yang tak bisa masuk ke dalam pantai.
Di pinggiran jalan, bocah berjualan minuman dingin. Seorang bapak kulihat menggendong bayinya, sembari berjualan ketupat sayur. Rezeki pula bagi bayi yang mungkin baru lahir beberapa bulan yang lalu ditinggal mati ibunya. Semua bersorak sebagai perayaan kemenangan. Mungkin akan ada kegembiraan yang melebihi percikan kembang api yang disulut tepat jam duabelas nanti. Dari Pak Bupati, Gubernur, tukang sapu, pedagang, anak muda, dan siapapun bersorak bersama-sama. Menghitung mundur angka, dan perayaan dimulai.
Namun tak diduga. Semua memang bisa saja datang secara tiba-tiba. Nyala kembang api yang begitu meriah, seperti siang yang kulihat begitu terang. Di tengah laut tepatnya, kulihat sesuatu yang teramat besar dan terlihat mengerikan. Menggulung kapal-kapal yang tengah berlayar. Air perlahan naik.
“Lari-lari! Lari-lari !“ teriak orang-orang. Seperti mereka, aku berlari menjauhi pantai. Masing-masing melupakan perayaan. Seperti riuh dentuman kembang api. Orang-orang meletup bersama-sama ke angkasa. ❑ – c
23 Desember 2018
*) Faiz Adittian, bergiat di Sekolah Kepenulisan Sastra Peradaban (SKSP) Purwokerto. Saat ini tercatat sebagai mahasiswa Program Pascasarjana IAIN Purwokerto
[1] Disalin dari karya Faiz Adittian
[2] Pernah tersiar di surat kabar “Kedaulatan Rakyat” Minggu 30 Desember 2018
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Ang api-api (Avicenniaalba) ay isang uri ng bakawan. Ito ay kadalasang lumalaki ng dalawampung metro (66 na talampakan). Ang punò nitó ay kulay abo kapag tuyo at kulay itim naman kapag nabasâ ang balát. Ang dahon nitó ay makintab na kulay berde sa ibabaw at maputî naman sa ilalim, kadalasang hugis itlog o hugis sibat na matulis ang dulo. Ang bulaklak ng api-api ay parang mga krus tulad ng inflorescence nitó. Ang mga talulot nitó ay kulay dilaw na may habàng apat na milimetro. Ang kulay ng bunga ng api-api ay maputla na berde, pahabâ, at may mga sumisibol na buto sa loob. Ito ay siksik o maraming palumpong na korona na madalas sumasanga sa katawan ng bakawan. Ang ugat ay mababaw at nagdadala ng maraming bilang na hugis lapis na pneumatophores.
Ito ay matatagpuan sa mga nabuong putikan (mudbanks) sa may gilid patungong dagat o sa kahabaan ng ilog. Ito ay umaakit ng mga malilit na kulisap (fireflies).
Ang troso ng api-api ay hindi pwedeng gamiting panggatong o uling ngunit ito ay mainam gamitin na pampausok ng goma o ng isda. Ang katas ng heartwood ay ginagamit sa mga herbal na gamot upang makagawa ng isang gamot na pampalakas. Ang abo ng kahoy ng api-api ay maaaring gamitin upang makagawa ng sabon. Ang mga buto naman nitó ay pinakukuluan at kinakain bilang gulay. Paminsan-minsan may mabibili nitó sa mga lokal na pamilihan (ACAL) ed VSA