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The Ganden Sumtsenling Monastery, also known as Sungtseling and Guihuasi (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་, dga' ldan sum rtsen gling, Chinese: 松赞林寺 Sōngzànlín Sì), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery situated 5 kilometres from the city of Zhongdian at elevation 3,380 metres in Yunnan province, China. Built in 1679, the monastery is the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yunnan province and is sometimes referred to as the Little Potala Palace. Located in the capital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, it is also the most important monastery in southwest China.
It belongs to the Yellow Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelukpa order of the Dalai Lama. The Fifth Dalai Lama's Buddhist visionary zeal established the monastery in Zhongdian, in 1679. Its architecture is a fusion of the Tibetan and Han Chinese. It was extensively damaged in the Cultural Revolution and subsequently rebuilt in 1983; at its peak, the monastery contained accommodation for 2,000 monks; it currently accommodates in its rebuilt structures 700 monks in 200 associated houses.
Because of the popularity of James Hilton's novel Lost Horizon (novel) (1933), which introduced Shangri-La and is said have been written on an inspirational theme of "the Tibetan Buddhist Scriptures, where human beings, animals, and nature lived in harmony under the rule of a Tibetan", the Chinese authorities changed the name of Zhongdian County to Shangri-La County in 2001, basically to encourage tourism. The earlier names were – the Zhongdian (建塘镇 Jiàntáng Zhèn) to the Chinese, and Gyalthang (Standard Tibetan: རྒྱལ་ཐང་རྫོང་) to the Tibetans, of the town which has predominantly Tibetan population. The name of the county's capital town was similarly changed from Jiantang to Shangri-la. The ambiance of the town is distinctly Tibetan with prayer flags fluttering, mountains known by holy names, lamaseries and rocks inscribed in Tibetan language with Buddhist sutras.
GEOGRAPHY
The monastery, with a group of structures packed together on a rolling farm land, located in the town of Jiantang in the Yunnan province, now renamed as Shangri-la town in the renamed Shangri-la county, is in the heart of the mountain range known as Hengduan Mountain Range; it is part of the Mount Baimang Nature Reserve in Yunnan province but the monastery does not have snow covered backdrop. It is delimited in the north west contiguously by Tibet, to the north by Muli and Ganzi, on the west by the Salween River Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, on its south by the Lijiang; the populace is an amalgam of Tibetans, Hui, Bai, Naxi and Han. The town is located on the famous Southern Silk Road, which originates in Sichuan province in the north, crosses Yunnan province and goes to Vietnam.
Well established road links exist from Shangri-la to Lhasa, Litang, Dali and Tibetan Sichuan. It is 198 kilometres to the northwest of Lijiang. Shangri-La is also well connected by air with Lhasa and Kunming from its airport known as Shangri-La Diqing Airport, which is 7 kilometres to the south of the town in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. However, there are no rail links at present. The monastery is an hour's walk from the Shangri-la town and is a major attraction for tourists and the change of name of the town to Shangri-la and the impressive Monastery complex are stated to have encouraged tourism to this place.
HISTORY
The Sumtseling monastery belonging to the Gelukpa order of Buddhism was established by the Fifth Dalai Lama in 1679. It was built during the rule of the Qing dynasty Kangxi Emperor (r.1662-1722). He fully patronized the development of this monastery. It is also said that the emperor was associated in the reincarnation search for the Seventh Dalai Lama.
In the 1930s, the monastery had provided full support to the Communist general He Long who passed through this area during his campaign. However, in 1959, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China bombed the monastery during their invasion of Tibet. Since 1981, the situation has changed, the monastery buildings have been mostly restored and normality prevails.
STTRUCTURES
The Monastery built in the 17th century as the largest Buddhist monastery in Yunnan province, after a revelation by the Fifth Dalai Lama is in accordance with Tibetan traditional architectural style. It has six main structures including eight colleges. The entrance gate is at the foot of the hill and provides access to the main hall of the monastery through 146 steps.
In the main hall of the monastery, more than 1500 monks congregate to recite the Buddhist scriptures. This hall houses a plethora of scriptures written on palm leaves, a gilded statue of Shakyamuni Buddha which is 8 metres tall at the main altar along with paintings depicting the life of Buddha. The altar has permanent decorated by yak butter lamps.
The monastery has two major lamasery buildings – Zhacang and Jikang – apart from several smaller lamaseries. Numerous living rooms have also been built for the monks to reside. The main monastery structure built in Tibetan style has a gilded copper roof similar to the one at the Potala Monastery in Lhasa. The other buildings in the complex are built in Han Chinese style.
The road from the old town of the city, leads to the scripture chamber (Gucheng Zangjingtang), which was earlier a Red Army Memorial hall to commemorate the Red Army's long march in the 1930s. At the opposite end of this hall, across the street is the Gulshan Park (Gulshan Gongyuan), which has a monastery with a commanding view of the town and its surroundings. Further along the road, known as the 'Changzeng Lu' 2 kilometres long north-south trending street with intersecting roads laid in grid pattern) to the extreme south, is another temple. Passing through this street leads to gardens and a pavilion; and further to the north on a hill, there is a Chorten (Tibetan stupa). The east west road 'Tuanje Jie' leads to many smaller temples at the south end around the old town.
FESTIVALS
The Gedong Festival is held in the precincts of the monastery annually on 29 November when devotees from the region attend to worship and also to witness the religious mask dances – the Cham dance – that are performed by the monks in colourful costumes depicting deities, ghosts and animals.
A three-day 'Horse Racing Festival' also known as 'Heavenly Steed Festival' is held at Zandiaong, some time in June (according to the lunar calendar: 5th day of the 5th month), to the south east of the town, which involves dancing, singing and eating, in addition to the racing of horses. Horse traders assemble here in their finest attire of furs and silks. Families of villagers camp in tents at the designated horse racing meadow land at an elevation of 3,288 metres.
A new festival introduced in 1990s is called the 'Minority Festival' held in September when artists from neighbouring districts and Tibet participate to present their art forms.
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Shangri-La is a county-level city in northwestern Yunnan province, People's Republic of China and is the location of the seat of the Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
NAME
In the second half of the 20th century Shangri-La was called Zhongdian (Chinese: 中甸 Zhōngdiàn) but was renamed on 17 December 2001 as Shangri-La (other spellings: Semkyi'nyida, Xianggelila, or Xamgyi'nyilha) after the fictional land of Shangri-La in the 1933 James Hilton novel Lost Horizon, in an effort to promote tourism in the area. The original Tibetan population previously refers to this place by its traditional name Gyalthang or Gyaitang (Standard Tibetan: རྒྱལ་ཐང།; Wylie: rgyal thang, ZWPY: Gyaitang), meaning "Royal plains". This ancient name is reflected in the Tibetan Pinyin name of the town of Jiantang (建塘; Jiàntáng), the county seat.
TOWNS
Jiantang Town
Zhongdian Town
Hutiaoxia Town
Jinjiang Town
Luoji Township
In the early morning of January 11, 2014, a fire broke out in the 1,000-year-old Dukezong Tibetan neighborhood. About 242 homes and shops were destroyed and 2,600 residents were displaced. About half of the old town was destroyed by the fire, half was spared. After the fire residents were allowed back to their homes and shops. By the end of 2014 rebuilding had started and tourism started to come back. Generally tourism was not affected by the fire, since the main sights in the old town, such as the prayer wheel and temples were not damaged. Many of the other main sights are located outside of the old town.
CLIMATE
Shangri-La has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), due to the high elevation. Winters are chilly but sunny, with a January 24-hour average temperature of −3.2 °C, while summers are cool, with a July 24-hour average temperature of 13.5 °C, and feature frequent rain; more than 70% of the annual precipitation is delivered from June to September. The annual mean is 5.85 °C. Except during the summer, nights are usually sharply cooler than the days. Despite the dryness of the winter, the small amount of precipitation is generally sufficient to cause major transportation dislocations and isolate the area between November and March. Being located just 27° in latitude from the equator, the effects of altitude on the climate are so exceptional that it actually means the average yearly temperature is 2.5°C lower than that for Bergen, Norway, located as much as 60° from the equator.
NATIONAL PARK
Pudacuo National Park, the first national park in China to meet IUCN standards, is part of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas World Heritage Site.
TRANSPORT
The town's airport is Diqing Airport. Covering an area of 225 hectares, it is one of the biggest airports in the northwest of Yunnan. There are flights to Kunming, Chengdu, Lhasa, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
Since there is no railway available in Shangri-la, taking a long-distance bus is also a major means to get to Shangri-la besides flight. It takes about 4 hours to get to Shangri-la from Lijiang by bus.It is also advised to rent a car so that tourists could also visit the Tiger Leaping Gorge and the First Bend of Yangtze River on the way.
Many travelers use the county town as a gateway into Tibet, either travelling many days overland by jeep to Lhasa, or by flying from the city's airport. However, the town itself is a tourist destination, primarily due to the nearby Gandan Sumtseling Monastery, Ganden Sumtsen Ling, 松赞林寺 Sōngzànlín Sì), Pudacuo National Park, and Tiger Leaping Gorge.
China National Highway 214
WIKIPEDIA
Sand, silt, clay and organic matter bind together to provide stucture to the soil. The individual units of structure are called peds.
This is a structure that they are building at a bus stop I go to very often. This is the first step in the construction process.
The buckets for how we approach a problem to be solved.
From the Liberating Structures process, at the Midwest OD and Change Learning community meeting
5 most commonly used microstructures: presentations, open discussions, managed discussions, status reports, and brainstorming sessions. But there is so much more!
From Design Elements:
One of the techniques uses the diverge, converge, diverge, etc. format: The 1-2-4-All, designed to generate and sift many ideas from group members in rapid cycles. It is an alternative to brainstorming and status reports.
Find out more: 5 Strategies to Lead-Change Using Liberating Structures
reveln.com/5-strategies-to-lead-change-using-liberating-s...
The disturbing thing about this is not so much that the chemistry is wrong or incomplete but that there doesn't seem to be any internal checking that different things are different. i.e. WA doesn't seem to have a concept that two different named chemicals should have different structures.
Closing panel at Gigaom Structure Connect: "How We Made It", featuring several IoT entrepreneurs. Pictured here:
Christina Mercando, Ringly
Jason Johnson, August
Peter Hoddie, Marvell Semiconductor (Kinoma)
Bettina Chen, Roominate
Giles Bouchard, Livescribe
Phil Bosua, LIFX
Stacey Higginbotham, Gigaom
Conference theme:
BUILDING THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Connecting our homes and business to the internet will disrupt businesses, improve efficiency and usher in an era of disruption not seen since the beginning of the web.
A multi alarm commercial structure fire struck a South San Jose Lumber Mill in July, 2012, burning multiple structures. The fire was in an unincorporated area and was under the juristiction of the South Santa Clara County Fire Protection District, Assisted by units from Santa Clara County Fire and San Jose Fire. With no nearby water supply a Water Tender Shuttle was setup, with multiple Water Tenders lining up to provide water to the scene.
South County Water Tender 1 is a 2000 Pierce build on an International chassis.
For more images from this incident check out YourFireDepartment.org, Monterey IC
The Indonesian government has provided modern structures for some villages - typically when the rivers serving the villages are deep enough for the government vessels.
Largest membrane structure in Europe. It is dismantled at the end of every summer and erected at the end of every winter.
La cosiddetta torre pendente di Pisa (chiamata semplicemente torre pendente o torre di Pisa) è il campanile della Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, nella celeberrima Piazza dei Miracoli di cui è il monumento più famoso per via della caratteristica pendenza.
Si tratta di un campanile a sé stante alto circa 56 metri, costruito nell'arco di due secoli, tra il dodicesimo e il quattordicesimo. Pesante 14.453 tonnellate, vi predomina la linea curva, con giri di arcate cieche e sei piani di loggette. La sua pendenza è dovuta ad un cedimento del terreno verificatosi già nelle prime fasi della costruzione.
L'inclinazione dell'edificio attualmente misura 5° rispetto all'asse verticale. La torre di Pisa rimane in equilibrio perché la verticale che passa per il suo baricentro cade all'interno della base di appoggio.
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A torre pendente de Pisa (em italiano Torre pendente di Pisa), ou simplesmente, Torre de Pisa, é um campanário (campanile ou campanário autônomo) da catedral da cidade italiana de Pisa. Está situada atrás da catedral, e é a terceira mais antiga estrutura na praça da Catedral de Pisa (Campo dei Miracoli), depois da catedral e do baptistério.
Embora destinada a ficar na vertical, a torre começou a inclinar-se para Sudeste, logo após o início da construção, em 1173, devido a uma fundação mal construída e a um solo de fundação mal compactado, que permitiu à fundação ficar com assentamentos diferenciais. A torre atualmente se inclina para o sudoeste.
A altura do solo ao topo da torre é de 55,86 metros no lado mais baixo e de 56,70 metros na parte mais alta. A espessura das paredes na base mede 4,09 metros e 2,48 metros no topo. Seu peso é estimado em 14 500 toneladas . A torre tem 296 ou 294 degraus: o sétimo andar da face Norte das escadas tem dois degraus a menos. Antes do trabalho de restauração realizado entre 1990 e 2001, a torre estava inclinada com um ângulo de 5.5 graus,[1][2][3] estando agora a torre inclinada em cerca de 3.99 graus.[4] Isto significa que o topo da torre está a uma distância de 3.9m de onde ela estaria, se a torre estivesse perfeitamente na vertical
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The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (La Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) after the Cathedral and the Baptistry.
Although intended to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift direction.
The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the low side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,[1][2][3] but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees.[4] This means that the top of the tower is 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from where it would stand if the tower were perfectly vertical
Things seen at this year's Strathbungo Window Wanderland.
I especially liked the architectural effort at Greek Thomson's old house
April 21, 2022 - APCOA Parking Scheldekaaien Noord covered parking located between Jordaenskaai and the Scheldt River. This structured originally served as a port structure where boats were housed.
This is the Wilkes-Barre Connecting RR bridge, known as "The Gauntlet" on Norfolk Southern's Sunbury Line. It has this interesting concrete structure on the Kingston side of the bridge. It's the only one like it, and it has "1949" in the concrete on the top. Does anyone know what this is? I know there have been several bridges at this spot. If it's an old bridge support, why was the top part added in 1949? Please leave a comment if you have ideas or info.
Niofoin / Nionfoin / Nioufouin (etc many various spellings seen) between Boundiali and Korhogo is famous for its Senoufo mudbrick fetish houses.
In the Niboladala neighborhood, the origin of Niofoin, most of the structures are traditional mud huts with thatched roofs. Among the elongated and peaked mud barns / granaries, typical in this region of Africa, and the huts of the neighbors of Niboladaba, there are two buildings known as the “fetish houses” with their imposing thick straw roofs rising higher than the others. These two monumental sacred houses guard the two fetishes that protect the town; Diby and Kalegbin. (NB - there is some interesting information on this village on the following website: kumakonda.com/en/niofoin-ivory-coast/ )
A Grandt Line Porter locomotive spots a car at the tipple on Russ Reinberg's On30 layout. It will come as no surprise that most of the structures on the layout are scratch-built, considering that Russ is publisher and editor of the Fine Scale Annuals.
Russ joined us on Episode 15.
On30 Annual editor Chris Lane enjoys old structures as much as he enjoys old railroad cars, and his On30 layout will feature many fine examples such as this one. This styrene model is based on a house located in Silver Plume, Colorado. At one time it served at the volunteer firehouse and the door stored the horse-drawn fire engine. While Chris has freelanced the colors a bit, he reports the house is nevertheless a pretty faithful replica of the prototype using Grandt Line parts.
Chris joins Trevor on Episode 13.
Champaign Tower's power distribution board looks like something out of a science fiction movie, but in reality it dates from the Twenties.
The board – a heavy slab of slate – included an ammeter and voltmeter. When throwing the power switches, one could see the ammeter's needle deflect. If the needle spiked and didn't drop back to zero, chances are there was a rock, coal, or ice wedged in the switch points and preventing them from completing their motion. A good leverman kept a wary eye on the ammeter and was ready to throw the switch lever back if the meter indicated the points hadn't locked up.
The red light bulb below the voltmeter indicated a ground in the plant's wiring. An accompanying knife switch allowed the leverman to test whether the ground was on the positive or negative power bus – useful information for the signal maintainer who'd be called out to diagnose and fix the ground.
Caernarfon Town Walls near Castle Ditch.
Caernarfon's town walls are a medieval defensive structure around the town of Caernarfon in North Wales. The walls were constructed between 1283 and 1292 after the foundation of Caernarfon by Edward I, alongside the adjacent castle. The walls are 734 m (2,408 ft) long and include eight towers and two medieval gatehouses. The project was completed using large numbers of labourers brought in from England; the cost of building the walls came to around £3,500, a large sum for the period. The walls were significantly damaged during the rebellion of Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294, and had to be repaired at considerable expense. Political changes in the 16th century reduced the need to maintain such defences around the town. Today the walls form part of the UNESCO world heritage site administered by Cadw. Archaeologists Oliver Creighton and Robert Higham describe the defences as "a remarkably intact walled circuit".
Grade I listed building.
History
The borough of Caernarfon was established by Edward I of England under the Statute of Wales in 1284. It was the centre of government for N Wales and was protected by the erection of the Town Wall, with Caernarfon Castle at its S end. The construction of the Town Wall had begun in 1283 in conjunction with the building of Caernarfon Castle, probably under the direction of James of St George who was architect of the castle. Masonry work on the first phase of the Town Wall was completed by 1285, re-using some stone from Segontium Roman fort. The Town Wall was badly damaged in the native uprising of 1294 and were restored and improved in 1295 at a cost of £1195. The wall walk and towers were further repaired in 1309-12. Of other entrances, only a single postern gate has survived intact, the Greengate to the SE. Former posterns on the W side are infilled and can be seen in the W wall of the church of St Mary and gable end of the police station. Another postern, the Water Gate at the end of Castle Ditch, has been altered. Further openings facing Bank Quay, from Church Street, Market Street and Northgate Street, are later insertions. The bell tower at the NW corner was converted for ecclesiastical use as accommodation for the chaplain of the church of St Mary, built 1307-16. The Bath Tower facing the Promenade was converted in 1823 when the Earl of Uxbridge created public baths on the site of the present 11-17 Church Street, part of a scheme to attract visitors to the town, when the upper stage of the Bath Tower became a reading room. The main E and W entrances survive substantially intact (are listed as separate items).
Exterior
High coursed rubble-stone wall in several straight sections forming an irregular plan and a circuit approximately 730m long, with 2 gate houses (listed as separate items) and eight 2-stage round towers contrasting with the polygonal towers of the castle. The quality of masonry in the wall is variable, accounted for by various repairs and restorations. The towers have mainly open gorges and were originally crossed by timber bridges, one of which has been repaired on the NE side. The upper stages of the towers have arrow loops, while the embattled parapet, where it survives, has similar loops to the merlons. The walls have regular brattice slots. At the SE end the wall has been demolished across Castle Ditch and begins on its N side, where on the inner side facing Hole-in-the-Wall Street stone steps to the wall walk survive at high level, and where there is a postern gate, known as the Greengate, under a 2-centred arch with portcullis slot. The adjacent tower has a shouldered lintel to a fireplace in the upper stage. The wall, with 2 towers and the East Gate to High Street, continues on a high bank, around to the N side facing Bank Quay. The NE tower survives to the full height of its battlements and has stone steps on the inner side. A skewed archway has been inserted leading to Northgate Street. Further W, an inserted segmental arch spans a double-carriageway entrance to Market Street, while the tower on its W side also retains stone steps. A lower segmental arch leads to Church Street immediately to the E of the church.
On the NW side the church of St Mary is integral with the Town Wall and its NW, or Bell Tower, houses the vestry, while its upper storey served as a priest's dwelling. Facing N it has a 2-light Tudor window under a hoodmould, with sunk spandrels, while the W face has a plainer 2-light window in the upper stage. On the parapet is a gabled bellcote. A blocked former postern gate is on the return facing the promenade, incorporated into the church. The next tower facing the promenade is the Bath Tower, which has early C19 detail in connection with the baths established in 1823. It has its doorway in the S side facing the Promenade, which has a pointed arch with studded boarded door and Y-tracery overlight. In the N and S faces the upper stage has restored 3-light mullioned and transomed windows incorporating iron-frame casements, and restored embattled parapet. A 2-storey projection with parapet is built behind. At the W end of the High Street is the former gatehouse known as Porth-yr-Aur, beyond which there is a single tower behind the former jail. The tower is enclosed at the rear by a late C19 wall with segmental arch flanked by small-pane windows under lintels. Further S is a segmental arch across Castle Ditch, on the S side of which the reveal and part of the keyed arch of an earlier gateway is visible, while the wall abutting the castle is an addition of 1326.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I, the medieval Town Wall has survived to almost the complete extent of the original circuit, defining the medieval town, and with Caernarfon Castle is of national significance in the survival of a medieval garrison town.
Scheduled Ancient Monument CN 034.
World Heritage Site.
Hole in the Wall Street runs on the other side of the wall.
Site of the Green Gate.