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NEOBALLS / ZEN MAGNETS - Neodymium Magnetic Balls (@4205) - Starcraft II's Massive Thor
This is my most complex and largest build to date.
It was designed in parts: Cockpit body, then legs, then arms, then rear guns. Then I had to redesign parts when it came time to assemble it together because of incorrect bonding assumptions and misalignment of magnet fields.
Experimented with x-beam coupled bonds to get the maximum lateral strength with reinforcements on the sides. This proved to be very string. Created a X-Beam using similar methods producing a very strong leg structure. It was capable of support the entire weight of the cockpit body w/o a problem. Had to redesign the leg to cockpit body mount point from the earlier concept because the bond was not completely coupled.
Next up were the arm/guns ... the weight was too much for the cockpit body to support so I fashioned a pair of lego-platforms for them to rest on and take the weight off of the central body.
Finally ... the rear guns ... these were a challenge in that their original mount point design had to be reworked also to make them fit correctly into the rear of the cockpit body. I changed the mount points on the guns to fit the space on both sides and added a few support balls to improve the mount point bonds. I was very surprised how they were balanced and supported only by two point sections to the body. The guns stayed in place for a small series of photos.
The design flaw was in the side bonds of the beam to the legs. The coupled field held nicely for a short amount of time and would have held if it didn't have the weight of the rear guns to support. When they were standing upright and straight, all was good. As soon as I attempted to move the platform forward (to take a video), the rear guns tilted slightly backwards and and that was the end of the leg to body support bonds ... and created the dreaded implosion.
The rear gun weight caused the entire central body section to rotate backwards and fall back on the rear guns ... taking the arms in the process. Perhaps I should have created a Lego-support structure for the rear guns to remove the pendulum force backwards ... but that would have created another view blocker like the side Lego-platforms obstructed the view of the legs and feet. Not sure if I can recreate it for a rotational video ... this took over a week (on/off to design and assemble).
Overall ... I was very happy with the result ... hope I captured enough detail to warrant some visual recognition as a Starcraft II Thor reproduction/interpretation.
This was design and built for the Zen Magnets Contest 26: The Massive Thor
www.zenmagnets.com/blog/26-the-massive-thor/
I tried to document the info for this super complex build (below) accompanied by associated pics in this set
www.flickr.com/photos/tend2it/sets/72157632920071597/
Starcraft II Thor Magnet Count and Detail Talley
======+================
Cockpit Body bottom section: (@0520)
(@0217) - Main shape middle core = (2x108) + 1
(@0095) - central bottom layer 1 = (47x2) + 1 w/black parameter
(@0078) - Sides Bottom layer 2 = (2x(22 parallel pair frnt2bck support + 3 red + 4 gold + 10 ring outside black))
(@0028) - Central bottom layer 3 = (2x14) rectangle
(@0032) - Sides bottom layer 3 = (2x((2x5 parallel bridge rectangle to ring) + (6 ring outside))
(@0010) - Central bottom layer 4 = (10 ring) leg waist w/gold
(@0020) - Sides bottom layer 4 = (2x10 ring) coupled over parallel bridge for perpendicular underside support
(@0040) - Central rear Barrel = (4x8 ring w2 red rings) + (2x4 sqr end)
------
Cockpit Body top section (from center out): (@0371)
(@0166) - top layer 1 = (2x83) w/black missle cover + middle sect separator
(@0105) - top layer 2 = ((2x52) + 1) w/black separator, red trim, gold cockpit
(@0083) - top layer 3 = ((2x41) + 1) w/black separator, red trim, gold cockpit
(@0037) - top layer 4 = ((2x18) + 1) w/black separator trim
(@0010) - top layer 5 = (2x5) w/red/black
------
(@0891)
Leg section x2 (@0640 - 12 removed from bottom of @ leg for foot contact pt)
leg internal structure:
(@0384) - columns = 2 x (4x((2x12) + ((2x11) + 2))) top/bottom coupled bonds w/parallel bonds stacked x 4))
(@0096) - side reinforcements = 2x((2x11) + 2) coupled pair along outside edge centers)
(@0032) - ball reinforcements = 2x(2x4 balls are two balls added to 4 ball in 2, 4, 6, 8th positions) - (12 @ bottom)
leg arch structure (connected to one flat leg top face:
(@0128) - (4x4 parallel sqr) + (2x(6 + 2)) pointy rings) + (4x4 parallel sqr) + (2x(6 + 2)) pointy rings)
Place the two leg arch structures together to form the leg arch
-------
(@1519) = 1531-12
Leg side panels (@0384)
(@0344) - (2 each leg x (2x(2x43 each side))) w/black outside trim
Knees + Leg detail
(@0040) - (2x(2x(6 + 2) knee w/red sqr) + 2x(4 red sqr top of leg))
-------
(@1903)
Feet x2 (@0242)
(@0184) - (2x((2x7 + 2 1st mid layer) + (2x(2x10 + 1) 2nd mid layer) + ((2x(2x8 + 1) outside layer))
(@0034) - (2x(2x(2x3 + 1 top of toe 2 leg)) + (1 center rear foot 2 leg conn) + (2 x 1 outer rear foot sides 2 leg
conn))
(@0024) - (2x(2x6 rings rear foot heel))
-------
(@2145)
X-Beam waist platform - (@0233 - 19) this part is placed across the center perpendicular to the x-beam leg arch
(@0214) - (2x(2x(18 + 17 + 6 + 3)) + (2x(7 + 2)) + ((8 + 1 front side) + (2x9 rear side)) + ((2 x 3 red front center) +
(2 x 2 red front sides) + (2 red rear)) - (19 removed under rear panel side to fold)
Arm Guns (2 pair per arm w/red + black accents)
(@0380) - (4x((4x9 center core) + (3x((2x7) + 1)) top/sides) + (2x7) middle join))
Shoulder to elbow core w/o reinforcements ((@0174)per arm)
(@0348) - (2 x (top((2x5)+2) + (4x8+2 parallel) + ((2x5)+2) + (2x5) + (2x(2x5)+1) + (2x(2x6)+1) + ((4x7)+2 parallel
mount2gun) + (1 ball center to bridge below 2 ball center to 1 ball) + ((2x6)+1) + ((2x4)+2)bottom)
Shoulder to elbow (per arm, per side)
(@0248) - (2 x (2 x (top 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 4 + 5 + (2x7arm2shoulder bridge) + (5 + 3 bottom))
Elbow to gun support (per arm, per side) (@0140 - 18 for outside facing side revamp)
(@0122) - (2 x (2 x (((2x9)+1) + (2x8)) -
Revamp outside facing sides for Z bracket (remove 2x(4 top/4 bottom/2 middle/move center ball down, add 1 ball)
Revamp 2 rear centerballs with red
(@028) - add red design outside facing shoulder 2 elbow
------
(@3485)
Rear Guns x2
Large cannon (@0112 each)
(@0224) - 2 x ((2x(2x15) + (4x(5+2)) + (4x(6 ring)))
Smaller cannon (@0092 each)
(@0184) - 2 x ((2x(2x13) + (4x(4+2)) + (4x(4 ring)))
Gun bridges (@0010 each)
(@0020) - (2 x (4 ring + 6 ring across two cannons)
Gun mounts x2
(@0104) - (2 x ((top (2x4+2) + (2x5+2) parallel to existing + (2x4+2) + (2x5 parallel) + (2x4+2) bottom)
Gun panel x 2 (@0102 each)
(@0204) - (2 x (2x(11 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6))
-------
Revamp base
(@4221) subtotal b4 assembly
Assembly mods
-------------
Moved the (@0040) - Central rear Barrel = (4x8 ring w2 red rings) + (2x4 sqr end) below the rear of the body between
the leg mount and cockpit body. Actually used the barrel as a mount point for the rear guns.
Modded Cockpit Body bottom section (mount point):
(@0020) = (2 x (7 + 6 + 5)) = Changed = (@0028) - Central bottom layer 3 = (2x14) rectangle to covert parallel
rectangle to hex parallel center, coupled sides
-------
(@4213) = (@4221 - 8)
Moved central bottom layer x-beam
(@0018) = (2x09 ring) = Changed = (@0020) - Sides bottom layer 4 = shifted it down one row, removed 1 ball on end to form point and pinched outside end fit in center of 6 ball side.
(@4211) = (@4213 - 2)
Removed gold 10 ball ring mount
Changed = (@0010) = Central bottom layer 4 = (10 ring) leg waist w/gold
-------
(@4201) = (@4213 - 10)
Modded Rear Guns
(@0100) = Changed = Rear Gun mounts x2 - removed +2 from top/bottom mount point (2x4+2)=>(2x4)
(@4197) = (@4201-4)
Added extra mount point support bwtween rear gun mounts and rear cockpit body
(@4205) = (@4201+8)
Grand Total! = (@4205)
First, on the left is Antenna Structure Registration 1229046, built in 2003. Details:
Structure Coordinates: 34-13-57.0 N 118-4-27.2 W (NAD 83)
Site Elevation: 1724.7 meters (5658 ft)
Height of Structure: 48.8 meters (160 feet)
Overall Height Above Ground: 74.4 meters (244 feet)
Overall Height Above Mean Sea Level: 1799.1 meters (5903 feet)
The 8-bay antenna is an Electronics Research Inc. SHPXA-8BC-HW-SP, 8sections.5wavelength spacing.
It is a shared auxiliary transmitting antenna for KBIG/104.3 (21kw), KIIS/102.7 (4kw), KOST/103.5 (10kw) and KRRL/92.3 (19kw). All of those have aux antennae elsewhere as well.
The 2-bay side mounted below that may be a 93.9 antenna fromwhen it was KZLA. It's now (in 2020) KLLI. There is no current (April 2020) license for this one.
If you look here, you'll see that the new master pole replaces the original 3-bay batwing for KCBS-TV/2: www.flickr.com/photos/infrastructure/42380796240/in/album...
Second, on the right, the tower is Structure Registration Number 1012836: the 960-foot "CBS tower." It was built in 1986 to hold KCBS/2's circularly polarized antenna aloft, with KCBS/93.1 hanging on the side. Details:
Structure Coordinates: 34-13-55.0 N 118-4-21.0 W (NAD 83)
Site Elevation: 1724.7 meters (5658 ft)
Height of Structure: 274.2 meters (900 feet)
Overall Height Above Ground: 296.4 meters (972 feet)
Overall Height Above Mean Sea Level: 2021.1 meters (6631 feet)
Here's a list of the antennas on the tower, in decreasing Heights Above Ground (HAG or AGL),
as of 06/08/2020
*Expired licenses. May or may not be gone from the tower.
Extant antennas are, best guess, top to bottom, from the list below,
KDOC-TV 290.2 m (952 ft.)
KCBS-TV 277.4 m (910 ft.)
KCBS-FM 250 m (820 ft.)
KNLA-CD w/KNET-CD 200 m (656 ft.)
KCBS-FM aux 134 m (440 ft.)
KMRZ-LD/KSFV-LD 72 m (236 ft.)
KHIZ-LD 70 m (230 ft.)
KCBS-FM aux 46 m (151 ft.)
These (detailed below) do not quite agree with what I see on the tower. For example, there appears to be only one KCBS-FM aux antenna, and it's a four bay, rather than the one-bay on the license. There also does not appear to be a second KCBS-FM aux below the KHIZ/2 antenna. In fact there appear to be no broadcast antennas below KHIZ/2.
KDOC-TV/56
Channel 12DT
Status: License
Application Accepted: 03/26/2019
KDOC-TV License Expires: 12/01/2022
Repacking Information:
Pre-Repack Channel: 32
Post-Repack Channel: 12
Post-Repack ERP: 52.3 kW
Phase: 2 Completion Deadline: 4/12/2019
ERP: 110 kW
Polarization: Elliptically polarized
HAAT: 1128 m (3701 ft.)
Electrical Beam Tilt: 1.25 degrees
R/C AGL: 290.2 m (952 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 2014.9 m (6611 ft.)
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: DIELECTRIC THV-5A12/VP-R C170
Direction: bean-shaped cardioid, southwest
KCBS-TV/2
Channel 31DT
Post-repack Channel 31
Virtual Channel 2
Status: License
Application Accepted: 04/16/2019
KCBS-TV License Expires: 12/01/2022
Repacking Information:
Pre-Repack Channel: 43
Post-Repack Channel: 31
Post-Repack ERP: 426 kW
Phase: 2 Completion Deadline: 4/12/2019
ERP: 485 kW
Polarization: Elliptically polarized
HAAT: 1095.0 m (3593 ft.)
Electrical Beam Tilt: 1.5 degrees
R/C AGL: 277.4 m (910 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 2002.1 m (6569 ft.)
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: DIELECTRIC TFU-22JBH/VP-R O8
Direction: lima-bean shape, northeast
KCBS-FM
93.1 MHz
Status: License
Application Accepted: 08/18/2010
Application Granted: 08/31/2010
KCBS-FM License Expires: 12/01/2021
Effective Radiated Power: 27.5 kW
Transmitter Output Power: 19.28 kW
Antenna Center HAAT: 1074 m (3524 ft.)
Antenna Center AMSL: 1975 m (6480 ft.)
Antenna Center HAG: 250 m (820 ft.)
Omni-Directional Antenna
Antenna Make/Model: DIELECTRIC DCRM4EFE75RP
KNLA-CD/20
Channel 32DT
Status: License
Application Accepted: 03/26/2019
KNLA-CD License Expires: 12/01/2014
Channel Sharing Guest: KNET-CD, Los Angeles, California
Repacking Information:
Pre-Repack Channel: 50
Post-Repack Channel: 32
Post-Repack ERP: 10.7 kW
Phase: 2 Completion Deadline: 4/12/2019
ERP: 15 kW
Polarization: Circularly polarized
Electrical Beam Tilt: 1.75 degrees
R/C AGL: 200 m (656 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 1924.7 m (6315 ft.)
Emission Mask: Full Service
Omni-Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: Electronics Research Inc. AL8O-32-PME
KNET-CD/25
Channel 32DT
Channel Sharing Host: KNLA-CD, Los Angeles, California
Repacking Information:
Channel 25 was relinquished in the spectrum auction
Status: License
Application Accepted: 05/03/2019
KNET-CD License Expires: 12/01/2022
Other information, same as KNLA-CD, above
R/C AGL: 200 m (656 ft.)
KCBS-FM
93.1 MHz
Application Accepted: 01/17/2007
Application Granted: 04/02/2007
KCBS-FM License Expires: 12/01/2021
Effective Radiated Power: 3.9 kW
Transmitter Output Power: 9.8 kW
Antenna Center HAAT: 946 m (3104 ft.)
Antenna Center AMSL: 1859 m (6099 ft.)
Antenna Center HAG: 134 m (440 ft.)
Omni-Directional Antenna
Antenna Make/Model: Jampro JMPC-1R HD
KMRZ-LD/69
Channel 22DT
Status: License
Application Accepted: 07/24/2017
KMRZ-LD License Expires: 12/01/2022
ERP: 15 kW
Polarization: Horizontally polarized
R/C AGL: 72 m (236 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 1796.7 m (5895 ft.)
Emission Mask: Full Service
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: Andrew ALP4L1-HSN
(I suspect this station is silent, as of 8/20)
*KMRZ-LD
Channel 22DT
Status: STA Special Temporary Authority
Application Accepted: 09/12/2016
KMRZ-LD License Expires: 09/28/2016
ERP: 8 kW
R/C AGL: 72 m (236 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 1796.7 m (5895 ft.)
Emission Mask: Stringent
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: SBP UPC-4
Direction: 3-lobe fan, southeast
*KSFV-CD
Channel 22DT
RF spectrum relinquished
in the spectrum auction
Virtual Channel 6
Status: STA Special Temporary Authority
Application Accepted: 04/10/2017
KSFV-CD License Expires: 12/01/2014
ERP: 8 kW
Polarization: Horizontally polarized
R/C AGL: 72 m (236 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 1796.7 m (5895 ft.)
Emission Mask: Stringent
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: SBP UPC-4
Direction: one lobe, east
*KEDD-LD
Channel 50DT
Status: License
Application Accepted: 10/18/2010
KEDD-LD License Expires: 12/01/2014
ERP: 8 kW
Electrical Beam Tilt: -2 degrees
R/C AGL: 72 m (236 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 1797 m (5896 ft.)
Emission Mask: Stringent
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: SBP UPC-4
Direction: 3-lobe fan, southwest
KHIZ-LD
Channel 2DT
Status: License
Application Accepted: 05/08/2014
KHIZ-LD License Expires: 12/01/2022
ERP: 3 kW
R/C AGL: 70 m (230 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 0 m
Emission Mask: Full Service
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: Scala CL-24 ARRAY
2-lobe fan, southwest
KCBS-FM
93.1 MHz
Status: License
Application Accepted: 08/24/1978
Application Granted: 07/11/1979
KCBS-FM License Expires: 12/01/2021
Effective Radiated Power: 12.5 kW
Transmitter Output Power: 15.4 kW
Antenna Center HAAT: 860 m (2822 ft.)
Antenna Center AMSL: 1771 m (5810 ft.)
Antenna Center HAG: 46 m (151 ft.)
Omni-Directional Antenna
Antenna Make/Model: Jampro JSCP-2
*KEDD-LD
Channel 45DT
Status: STA Special Temporary Authority
Application Accepted: 10/13/2017
KEDD-LD License Expires: 10/17/2018
ERP: 0.03 kW
Polarization: Circularly polarized
R/C AGL: 6.3 m (21 ft.)
R/C AMSL: 1731 m (5679 ft.)
Emission Mask: Full Service
Directional Antenna - Antenna Make/Model: MICRO COMMUNICATIONS INC 952000-CP ARRAY
Direction: one lobe, south-southeast
NOTE: There are four other STAs, expired 4/17/2016, 10/17/2016, 04/17/2017, 10/17/2017 and 04/17/2018
Salient features of the structure of SVV-001. (a) Subunit organization highlighting the important loop regions in VP1 (blue), VP2 (green), VP3 (red) and VP4 (yellow). (b) Organization of the above subunits in the assembled capsid. (c) Surface-rendered image of SVV-001 showing the most exposed residues in shades of yellow and the least in shades of blue. (d) Cutaway view showing the organization of RNA (magenta) in the SVV particle. Half of the protein subunits surrounding the RNA are shown as ribbons.
Structure 16, 1555 (October 8, 2008)
Viruses are small particles composed of protein and nucleic acid that are known for their ability to cause infectious diseases, such as the flu, and some cancers. What they are less known for is their ability to treat cancer. However, this possibility has been studied since the 1950s, when the first clinical trials investigating the use of viruses to treat cervical cancer were initiated. Research has progressed in this area and new viruses have been identified that can selectively kill tumor cells. One of these is the new picorna family virus, Seneca Valley Virus-001 (SVV-001), which is unique enough to be given its own genus. In recent work performed at the BioCARS 14-BM beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory under biohazard safety level 2 (BSL2) conditions, researchers elucidated the three-dimensional structure of this remarkable RNA virus. This work produced important information about a new viral genus and may provide answers to the question of how some viruses specifically recognize and kill cancer cells.
The external ear contains the auricle, ear canal, and tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the ossicles and is connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian (or auditory) tube. The inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibule, which are responsible for audition and equilibrium, respectively. (Image credit: "External, Middle and Inner Ear" by Chiara Mazzasette is licensed under CC BY 4.0 / A derivative from the original work)
After some fiddling i now manage to store data structurally in Liferay's structures, and lift it to the website using Velocity templates.
Inside the old Roman Bath. You can see that it is starting to crumble a bit. The concrete steps in the pool lead up to the dressing rooms and restrooms which were used by Mary Thompson's guests. The Roman Bath structure was created by architect Francis Allen circa 1913. Located at the Sonnenberg Gardens and Mansion State Historic Park, 151 Charlotte Street in Canandaigua, NY. (280)
struts were made by wrapping newspaper around dowels. for some struts, the dowel was left inside the rolled up newspaper.
©AVucha 2014
On May 11th at 11:41am, the McHenry Township Fire Protection District responded to 1304 N. Park St. for a reported structure fire. Caller advised they smell smoke and possibly see flames on the roof.
At 11:55am, MTFPD activated MABAS Box #5-1241 to the second level for the structure fire.
Units Due:
Engines: McHenry, Richmond, Wauconda, Fox River Grove, Nunda Rural
Tenders: Fox Lake
Squads: Wonder Lake
EMS: McHenry, Lakewood
Chiefs: Spring Grove, Richmond, Wonder Lake, Crystal Lake
Special Equipment: Rehab North, Salvation Army Canteen
Change of Quarters (St.#): Cary Engine and Chief (1), Woodstock EMS (1), Lake Villa Engine (2), Spring Grove EMS (2)
At 12:34pm, the MTFPD upgraded MABAS Box #5-1241 to the third level for the structure fire.
Units Due:
Engines: Grayslake, Algonquin, Antioch
Trucks: Round Lake
Squads: Marengo
EMS: Huntley
Chiefs: Fox Lake, Wauconda
Special Equipment: Air 5, UCP 13
At 1:17pm, the MTFPD struck out MABAS Box #5-1241 by the authority of command.
News obtained from the Northwest Herald: McHENRY – A structure fire at the Polish Legion of American Veterans on 1304 Park St. in McHenry took roughly two and a half hours to extinguish Sunday afternoon, but no one was injured during the annual Mother's Day brunch.
McHenry Township Fire Battalion Chief Joe Krueger said firefighters received a call at 11:41 a.m. for the fire, which was called in while members of the post were cooking for a Mother's Day brunch. Krueger said a Level 3 MABAS box alert was called, bringing assistance from multiple departments in Lake and McHenry counties.
With heavy smoke coming through the roof, McHenry Township Fire Chief Tony Huemann said the first wave of firefighters made an aggressive move and ran hoses inside the building before Krueger deemed the situation too dangerous and pulled out the firefighters. Responders then fought the blaze defensively from the outside of the building, Huemann said.
No civilians or firefighters were injured and the fire was contained to the single building. Some emergency crews began to leave the scene at 3 p.m. The building has "substantial" damage, Krueger said, with most of the back and back roof completely destroyed.
Dan Lisi, first vice commander of Polish Legion of American Veterans Post 188, said he and other members were cooking a Mother's Day brunch at the same time a roofing company was doing work on the building when a breaker popped around 11:30 a.m.
Other breakers started popping and the fire started, Lisi said. He said 70 people were inside the hall, and everybody exited safely and without injury.
Krueger said the cause of the fire is still under investigation. Representatives from the roofing company on scene declined to comment.
Lisi said the post has 144 members and has been in the building since 1980.
Ellora (\e-ˈlȯr-ə\, Marathi: वेरूळ Vērūḷa), is an archaeological site, 29 km North-West of the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra built by the Rashtrakuta dynasty. It is also known as Elapura (in the Rashtrakuta literature-Kannada). Well known for its monumental caves, Ellora is a World Heritage Site. Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture. The 34 "caves" are actually structures excavated out of the vertical face of the Charanandri hills. Buddhist, Hindu and Jain rock-cut temples and viharas and mathas were built between the 5th century and 10th century. The 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain (caves 30–34) caves, built in proximity, demonstrate the religious harmony prevalent during this period of Indian history. It is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India.
ETYMOLOGY
Ellora, also called Verula or Elura, is the cave form of the Ancient name Elapura.
HISTORY
Ellora is known for Hindu, Buddhist and Jain cave temples built during (6th and 9th centuries) the rule of the Kalachuri, Chalukya and Rashtrakuta dynasties. The Jagannatha Sabha a group of five Jain cave temples of 9th century built by Rashtrakuta.
THE BUDDHIST CAVES
These caves were built during the 5th-7th century. It was initially thought that the Buddhist caves were one of the earliest structures, created between the fifth and eighth centuries, with caves 1-5 in the first phase (400-600) and 6-12 in the later phase (mid 7th-mid 8th), but now it is clear to the modern scholars that some of the Hindu caves (27,29,21,28,19,26,20,17 and 14) precede these caves.[citation needed] The earliest Buddhist cave is Cave 6, followed by 5,2,3,5 (right wing), 4,7,8,10 and 9. Caves 11 and 12 were the last. All the Buddhist caves were constructed between 630-700.
These structures consist mostly of viharas or monasteries: large, multi-storeyed buildings carved into the mountain face, including living quarters, sleeping quarters, kitchens, and other rooms. Some of these monastery caves have shrines including carvings of Gautama Buddha, bodhisattvas and saints. In many of these caves, sculptors have endeavoured to give the stone the look of wood.
Most famous of the Buddhist caves is cave 10, (refer map) a chaitya hall (chandrashala) or 'Vishvakarma cave', popularly known as the 'Carpenter's Cave'. Beyond its multi-storeyed entry is a cathedral-like stupa hall also known as chaitya, whose ceiling has been carved to give the impression of wooden beams. At the heart of this cave is a 15-foot statue of Buddha seated in a preaching pose. Amongst other Buddhist caves, all of the first nine (caves 1–9) are monasteries. The last two caves, Do Tal (cave 11) and Tin Tal (cave 12) have three stories.
CAVE 10
Cave 10 is a vihara with eight cells, four in the back wall and four in the right wall. It had a portico in the front with a cell. Possibly served as a granary for other viharas.
THE VISHWAKARMA
The Vishwakarma (Cave 10) is the only chaitya griha amongst the Buddhist group of caves. It is locally known as Vishwakarma or Sutar ka jhopda "carpenter's hut". It follows the pattern of construction of Caves 19 and 26 of Ajanta. On stylistic grounds, the date of construction of this cave is assigned to 700 A.D. The chaitya once had a high screen wall, which is ruined at present. At the front is a rock-cut court, which is entered through a flight of steps. On either side are pillared porticos with chambers in their back walls. These were probably intended to have subsidiary shrines but not completed. The pillared verandah of the chaitya has a small shrine at either end and a single cell in the far end of the back wall. The corridor columns have massive squarish shafts and ghata-pallava (vase and foliage) capitals. The main hall is apsidal on plan and is divided into a central nave and side aisles by 28 octagonal columns with plain bracket capitals. In the apsidal end of the chaitya hall is a stupa on the face of which a colossal 3.30 m high seated Buddha in vyakhyana mudra (teaching posture) is carved. A large Bodhi tree is carved at the back. The hall has a vaulted roof in which ribs have been carved in the rock imitating the wooden ones.
THE HINDU CAVES
The Hindu caves were constructed between the middle of sixth century to the end of the eighth century. The early caves (caves 17–29) were constructed during the Kalachuri period. The work first commenced in Caves 28, 27 and 19. These were followed by two most impressive caves constructed in the early phase - Caves 29 and 21. Along with these two, work was underway at Caves 20 and 26, and slightly later at Caves 17, 19 and 28. The caves 14, 15 and 16 were constructed during the Rashtrakuta period. The work began in Caves 14 and 15 and culminated in Cave 16. All these structures represent a different style of creative vision and execution skills. Some were of such complexity that they required several generations of planning and co-ordination to complete.
THE KAILASANATHA TEMPLE
Cave 16, also known as the Kailasa temple, is the unrivaled centerpiece of Ellora. This is designed to recall Mount Kailash, the abode of Lord Shiva – looks like a freestanding, multi-storeyed temple complex, but it was carved out of one single rock, and covers an area double the size of Parthenon in Athens. Initially the temple was covered with white plaster thus even more increasing the similarity to snow-covered Mount Kailash.
All the carvings are done in more than one level. A two-storeyed gateway resembling a South Indian Gopura opens to reveal a U-shaped courtyard. The courtyard is edged by columned galleries three storeys high. The galleries are punctuated by huge sculpted panels, and alcoves containing enormous sculptures of a variety of deities. Originally flying bridges of stone connected these galleries to central temple structures, but these have fallen.
Within the courtyard are three structures. As is traditional in Shiva temples, the first is a large image of the sacred bull Nandi in front of the central temple. The central temple - Nandi Mantapa or Mandapa - houses the Lingam. The Nandi Mandapa stands on 16 pillars and is 29.3 m high. The base of the Nandi Mandapa has been carved to suggest that life-sized elephants are holding the structure aloft. A living rock bridge connects the Nandi Mandapa to the Shiva temple behind it. The temple itself is a tall pyramidal structure reminiscent of a South Indian Dravidian temple. The shrine – complete with pillars, windows, inner and outer rooms, gathering halls, and an enormous lingam at its heart – carved from living stone, is carved with niches, pilasters, windows as well as images of deities, mithunas (erotic male and female figures) and other figures. Most of the deities at the left of the entrance are Shaivaite (followers of Shiva) while on the right hand side the deities are Vaishnavaites (followers of Vishnu). There are two Dhvajastambhas (pillars with the flagstaff) in the courtyard. The grand sculpture of Ravana attempting to lift Mount Kailasa, the abode of Lord Shiva, with his full might is a landmark in Indian art. The construction of this cave was a feat of human genius – it entailed the removal of 200,000 tonnes of rock, and took 100 years to complete.
The temple is a splendid achievement of Rashtrakuta Karnata architecture. This project was started by Krishna I (757–773) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty that ruled from Manyakheta in present day Karnataka state. His rule had also spread to southern India, hence this temple was excavated in the prevailing style. Its builders modelled it on the lines of the Virupaksha Temple in Pattadakal. Being a south Indian style temple, it does not have a shikhara common to north Indian temples. – The Guide to the Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, 1996, Takeo Kamiya, Japan Architects Academy and archaeological Survey of India.
THE DASHAVATARA
The Dashavatara (Cave 15) was begun as a Buddhist monastery. It has an open court with a free-standing monolithic mandapa at the middle and a two-storeyed excavated temple at the rear. The layout of the temple is closely related to caves 11 and 12. Large sculptural panels between the wall columns on the upper floor illustrate a wide range of themes, which include the ten avatars of Vishnu. An inscription of grant of Dantidurga is found on the back wall of the front mandapa. According to Coomaraswamy, the finest relief of this cave is the one depicting the death of Hiranyakashipu, where Vishnu in man-lion (Narasimha) form, emerges from a pillar to lay a fatal hand upon the shoulder of Hiranyakashipu.
OTHER HINDU CAVES
CAVE 21
Other notable Hindu caves are the Rameshvara (Cave 21), which has figurines of river goddesses Ganga and Yamuna at the entrance and the Dhumar Lena (Cave 29) whose design is similar to the cave temple on Elephanta Island near Mumbai. Two other caves, the Ravan ki Khai (Cave 14) and the Nilkantha (Cave 22) also have several sculptures. The rest of the Hindu caves, which include the Kumbharvada (Cave 25) and the Gopilena (Cave 27) have no significant sculptures.
The five Jain caves at Ellora belong to the ninth and tenth centuries. They all belong to the Digambara sect. Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism – they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the Chhota Kailash (cave 30), the Indra Sabha (cave 32) and the Jagannath Sabha (cave 33). Cave 31 is an unfinished four-pillared hall and a shrine. Cave 34 is a small cave, which can be approached through an opening on the left side of Cave 33. Amongst other devotional carvings, a place called samvatsarana can be found in Elora caves. Samvatsarana is of special interest to Jains, as it is a hall where the tirthankara preaches after attaining omniscience.
THE INDRA SABHA
The Indra Sabha (Cave 32) is a two storeyed cave with one more monolithic shrine in its court. It has a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. It got the appellation "Indra Sabha" probably it is significantly ornate and also because of the sculpture of the yaksha (dedicated attendant deity) Matanga on an elephant, which was wrongly identified as that of Indra. On the upper level of the double-storied shrine excavated at the rear of the court, an U image of Ambika, the yakshini of Neminath, is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits.
OTHER JAIN CAVES
All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.
GEOLOGY OF ELLORA
Ellora occupies a relatively flat region of the Western Ghats. Ancient volcanic activity in this area created many layered basalt formations, known as Deccan Traps. During the Cretaceous, one such volcanic hill formed on the southwest-facing side of Ellora. Its vertical face made access to many layers of rock formations easier, enabling architects to pick basalt with finer grains for more detailed sculpting.
INSCRIPTIONS AT ELLORA
Several inscriptions at Ellora range from 6th century to 15th century. The best known of them is an inscription of Rashtrakuta Dantidurga (c. 753-57 A.D.) on the back wall of the front mandapa of Cave 15, which gives an account of his conquests. Inscriptions on the Kailash temple itself range from 9th to 15th century. Jain cave Jagannatha Sabha has 3 inscriptions that give the names of monks and donors. A Parshvanth temple on the hill has a 11th-century inscription that gives the name of the donor from Vardhanapura.
The Great Kailasa (Cave 16) is attributed to Krishna I (c. 757-83 A.D.), the successor and uncle of Dantidurga. A copper plate grant by Karka II (c. 812-13 A.D.) narrates that a great edifice was built on a hill by Krishnaraja at Elapura (Ellora).
The Ellora caves, unlike Ajanta, were never lost. There have been several written records that indicate that these caves were visited regularly. The earliest is that of the Arab geographer Al-Mas‘udi of the 10th century A.D. In 1352 A.D. Sultan Hasan Gangu Bahmani, who camped at the site and visited the caves. The others are by Firishta, Thevenot (1633–67), Niccolao Manucci (1653-1708), Charles Warre Malet (1794), and Seely (1824)
WIKIPEDIA
Date: ca.1980s
Category: Historic Structures
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Identifier: LP1024
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Cullercoats is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the suburbs of Cullercoats and Marden, North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 11 August 1980, following the opening of the first phase of the network, between Haymarket and Tynemouth via Four Lane Ends.
The original Cullercoats station was opened under the North Eastern Railway on 27 June 1864, and was located further inland than the current site. This station, in the area now occupied by housing on Sedbergh Road, was closed when the line was re-routed to be closer to the North Sea coast.
The replacement station was built by the North Eastern Railway, as part of the North Tyneside Loop, opening in July 1882. While built on a smaller scale than neighbouring Tynemouth and Whitley Bay stations, it still proved popular with commuters and visitors alike – with 271,939 tickets being issued in 1911.
Most of the original station structures are still present, the only major architectural changes being alterations to the verandahs, dating from the 1920s (although the original ironwork was retained), and the demolition of the station master's house in the early 1970s. The station's adjoining signal box has also been demolished.
The station closed for conversion in September 1979, ahead of opening as part of the Tyne and Wear Metro network, re-opening in August 1980. Conversion work saw only minor modifications made to the station buildings and platforms, consisting mainly of new signage and restoration work.
Cullercoats was refurbished, along with Monkseaton and West Monkseaton, in 2018, as part of the Metro: All Change programme. The refurbishment involved the installation of new seating and lighting, resurfaced platforms, and improved security and accessibility. The station was also painted in to the new black and white corporate colour scheme.
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with level access to both platforms. Step-free access between platforms is by the Mast Lane bridge, which is located about 150 m (490 ft) to the south of the station. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point on both platforms. Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is also fitted with smartcard validators, which feature at all stations across the network. The station houses a shop, on the southbound platform (trains towards St. James), specialising in pet accessories, which opened in January 2015.
There is a small free car park available, with 22 spaces. There is also the provision for cycle parking, with six cycle pods available for use.
As of April 2021, the station is served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
The installation The Day Before You Looked Through Me by British artist, Cathy de Monchaux, was commissioned for the station in 1998, and features in the ticket area of the southbound platform. In 2011, Paul William Llewellyn Jones's Whitley Bay in Colour was installed at the station, showcasing a number of images of the North Tyneside coastline.
Cullercoats is a coastal settlement in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. Historically in Northumberland, it has now been absorbed into the wider Tyneside conurbation, sitting between Tynemouth to the south and Whitley Bay to the north. The population of this North Tyneside ward at the 2011 census was 9,202.
There is a semi-circular sandy beach with cliffs and six caves, and the village is a popular destination for day-trippers. It also acts as an attractive dormitory town for nearby Newcastle upon Tyne. The name is thought to derive from dove (or "culver") cotes.
Cullercoats from the South by John Wilson Carmichael, 1845
Cullercoats village was founded in 1539. Historically the village depended on fishing; there was also local coal mining in so-called bell pits. The coal was used to fire salt pans (now long gone) on the field now known as the boat field. As a port, Cullercoats was used to export both salt and coal from the 1670s. A new harbour and pier were constructed in 1682 and a waggonway that brought coal to the village from inland workings was added in 1690. These innovations resulted in a flourishing trade. However the salt industry declined and the growth of the railways led to coal shipments being relocated to better harbours. By 1710 the pier had been severely damaged and the condition of the waggonway had deteriorated. In 1724 the Whitley and Cullercoats colleries were closed. The last salt pans moved to Blyth in 1726. This left fishing as the main industry and two piers were built on either side of the harbour in the 19th century to provide shelter for the many open top fishing vessels, or cobles, launched from the harbour. In 1801 the population of the village was 452.
The harbour is the home of the Dove Marine Laboratory of 1897, a research and teaching laboratory which forms part of the School of Marine Science and Technology within Newcastle University.
In 1848, a coble taking a pilot to a ship further out at sea capsized with the loss of all on board. In response to this disaster the local landowner, the Duke of Northumberland funded the setting up of an RNLI lifeboat station. The following year a second disaster, this time costing 20 lifeboat crew their lives, prompted the Duke to sponsor a competition to design a self-righting lifeboat. The resulting boat, the Percy was built at the Duke's expense and delivered to Cullercoats in 1852. The Brigade House and watchtower were designed by Newcastle upon Tyne-based architect Frank West Rich in 1877–79 but the lifeboat station remained in use, with a few minor alterations, until 2003 when a new station was opened. In 2022, Cullercoats had its first all female lifeboat crew.
The Bay Hotel, an important local landmark, was demolished in 2004. It was notable for a period in the 1880s when it was home to the American watercolour artist Winslow Homer who stayed in room 17 of the Hudleston Arms (1870) (later called the Bay Hotel), and maintained a studio across the road at No.12 Bank Top[13] (demolished 1930). Homer was a resident in Cullercoats from April 1881 to November 1882. An apartment block, named Winslow Court, has been built on the site of the Bay Hotel (2007).
Homer was the most famous of the professional artists who were part of the "Cullercoats Colony" in the period 1870–1920. Others included Henry H. Emmerson, Robert Jobling, Arthur H. Marsh, Isa Thompson, John Falconer Slater and John Charlton and visitors like Ralph Hedley.
Cullercoats is interesting from an architectural perspective: on Simpson Street there is a row of fishermen's cottages which were preserved during the redevelopment of the village in the 1970s. Between the coast and the railway (now Metro) line are Victorian terraces. The land immediately on the other side consists of long avenues of semi-detached houses built between the wars. Another change can be seen along the line of Broadway where the housing changes again to mixed semi-detached/detached 1970s and 1980s housing estates built around long winding roads and cul-de-sacs. Also of note is St George's Parish Church as a good example of Gothic revival architecture.
The present railway station was first opened by the North Eastern Railway in 1882, and the original station buildings are still in use, now served by the Tyne and Wear Metro.
Cullercoats was formerly a township and chapelry in the parish of Tynemouth,[18] in 1866 Cullercoats became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1908 the parish was abolished and merged with Tynemouth. In 1901 the parish had a population of 1743. It is now in the unparished area of Tynemouth.
William Finden noted that the fishwives (wives and daughters of the fishermen) searched for the bait, digging sand-worms, gathering mussels or seeking limpets and dog-crabs. They also assisted in baiting the hooks. In addition to this, they carried the fish to the market to sell them. "When fish are scarce, they not unfrequently carried a load on their shoulders, weighing between three or four stone, to Newcastle, which is about ten miles distant from Cullercoats, in the hope of meeting with a better market."
The Cullercoats Fish Lass became a popular subject for many of the Cullercoats Artist Colony, most notably Winslow Homer. While he resided from the spring of 1881 to November 1882, Homer became sensitive to the strenuous and courageous lives of its inhabitants, particularly the women, whom he depicted many times, hauling and cleaning fish, mending nets, and, most poignantly, standing at the water's edge, awaiting the return of their men.
Jean F. Terry wrote, in 1913, "The Cullercoats fishwife, with her cheerful weather-bronzed face, her short jacket and ample skirts of blue flannel, and her heavily laden "creel" of fish is not only appreciated by the brotherhood of brush and pencil, but is one of the notable sights of the district".
William S Garson, in his 1935 book, The Romance of Old Tynemouth and Cullercoats, wrote: "The Cullercoats fishwife plays a man's part in helping to launch the lifeboat, frequently wading waist-high into furious and ice-cold waters, and she never hesitates to allow her man to take a place on the boat, though he may go to face death and disaster."
North Tyneside based film company, ACT 2 CAM, made a film in 2013 about the life of a young fishwife, entitled The Cullercoats Fishlass. The story follows the fortunes of a young fishwife living at the turn of the 20th century. Over 150 young people aged 8–18 were engaged in the creation of the film, working on screen and behind the camera.
Edward Corvan wrote and performed a popular music hall song, "The Cullercoats Fish Lass", in 1862:
Aw's a Cullercoats fish-lass, se cozy an' free
Browt up in a cottage close on by the sea;
An' aw sell fine fresh fish ti poor an' ti rich--
Will ye buy, will ye buy, will ye buy maw fresh fish?
Local English schoolmaster, musician and songwriter John Gair "Jack" Robson, wrote the song Cullercoats Bay. Copyrighted in 1950, and performed by Owen Brannigan/Gerald Moore in 1960, the lyrics sing the praises of the town, claiming:
In many strange lands o'er the ocean I've been,
And countless the beautiful sights I have seen,
But I'm a Tynesider, and proudly must say,
I've seen nothing finer than Cullercoats Bay.
The song "Tunnel of Love" by the British rock band Dire Straits, which was included on their 1980 album Making Movies, mentions Cullercoats.
Elinor Brent-Dyer's novel for adults, Jean of Storms, originally serialised in the Shields Gazette in 1930, is set in a fictionalised Cullercoats called Hasnett.
Notable residents
Chas Chandler — bass guitarist with the Animals and manager of Jimi Hendrix
Percy Dawson — footballer
Winslow Homer — American painter
Carol Malia — BBC Look North presenter
George Relph — actor
Christian Rodska — actor
John Falconar Slater - artist
Andy Taylor — musician with Duran Duran
Ross Welford — children's author.
Cullercoats Life Brigade House
Watch House
Daughter of the Coast Guard by Winslow Homer, 1881, (Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid)
The Watch House is a notable building, built in 1879 for the use of the Cullercoats Volunteer Life Brigade.[38] It is grade II listed.[39]
Cullercoats Life Brigade was formed early in the year 1865, and was the second Brigade enrolled in the United Kingdom. At that time it numbered 60 to 70 men. Nearly the whole of the members of this Brigade are fishermen, and it speaks well for their zeal and determination, when we find that not only do a great many of the original members still keep up their connection with the work, but that their numbers have increased to about 100 men.
The duty of the Life Brigade is to assist the Coast Guard in their endeavours to save life from shipwreck, by means of the rocket apparatus, and as this duty cannot be efficiently carried without a strict watch being kept in the stormiest of winter weather, and that frequently night and day, it will at once be seen that unless there is some means of shelter provided, the men must be exposed to the full fury of the worst storms. At Cullercoats the only shelter for men engaged in this duty was a stone wall, which was of comparatively little service.
For many years the question of having a place of shelter has been discussed, and it was finally decided, about two years ago, to appeal to the Board of Trade on the subject. Plans were drawn by Frank Wm. Rich architect, estimates were obtained, and the present site fixed on. The point on which it was proposed to build the house is the place where the Cullercoats fisher folk have been accustomed to assemble from time immemorial to watch the fishing boats go out and come into the bay, and in bad weather many have been the weary and anxious watched under the lee of the old wall which stood on this point, for the return of husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers, when sudden storms have arisen, and precious lives have been "in peril on the sea".
This being the case, it was quite evident that it would not do to appropriate this position for the use of the members of the Life Brigade alone, and the Board of Trade very properly came to the conclusion that as the look-out would be used not only by the Life Brigade but frequently by the fishing population in general, it would hardly do for the whole expense of building the Brigade-house and look-out to be paid for out of the Mercantile Marine fund. It was therefore decided that a considerable part of the cost must be raised in the locality. The original estimate was £385 15s 6d, and on a guarantee being given that £170 of this sum would be forthcoming, the Board of Trade at once ordered the work to go on. So soon as this was done, one or two gentlemen set to work to raise the money. As time went on, and the building progressed, several important alterations were proposed, which, whilst they have greatly increased the cost, have added much to the usefulness of the building; amongst others the Clock Turret. One great object in having a bell to the clock is that it may be rung in foggy weather to denote to the fishing boats their approach to land. It has already been used to this purpose, and with great advantage to the boats.
The clock works are those belonging the old Cullercoats clock, which some twenty years ago had, by the kindness of a few philanthropic individuals, been placed in the end of a private house for the use of the fishing population of the village, and with the consent of all concerned it was removed to the position in the new building which it now occupies. The Corporation of Tynemouth undertook to put the works in order, find a new dial, &c., and light it, the belfry, bell, and striking works being paid for by a further addition to the subscription list. In addition to these extras, were various others which were not contemplated when the building was projected the cost of which has been partly defrayed by the Board of Trade, and partly by additional donations from private individuals.
The very severe weather which prevailed last Winter showed clearly that it would be better to underset the Rock Point on which the house stands, and the architect, Mr J. W. Rich, has kindly looked into the matter, and he estimates that it will cost at least £70 to do this effectually. It is proposed at once to do the work, and it is hoped that many gentlemen who have not already given contributions may be induced to do so. In the house has been placed one of the most approved American stoves, with all needful cooking utensils. In very stormy weather it is usual for some members of the Brigade to keep watch with the Coast Guard, for vessels in distress, in order that if wrecks do occur immediate assistance may be rendered.
In such circumstances the stove will prove of great value, as it will not only enable those on watch to have suitable food without leaving their duty, but it will at once enable them to apply such warm restoratives to the unfortunate shipwrecked persons whom they may rescue, as may be most suitable to their cases. The widow of a fisherman who has drowned some years ago (Mrs Susan Storey), has been appointed as caretaker and cleaner of the House.
The ladies and gentlemen who have assisted by their contributions to erect the building would urge the residents in Cullercoats to do all they can to make it as useful as possible to those for whose good it is intended, and this may be accomplished in many ways; by presenting books for a library, by getting clever men to give lectures on popular and useful subjects, and they would suggest that a mixed committee of fishermen and other persons should at once be appointed whose duty will be to meet monthly, and discuss and arrange all matters affecting the welfare of the Brigade, and the proper management of the house. With this object in view a meeting will be held on an early day.
Finally, it may be stated that there will still be a small balance left in the Bank after all charges are paid, and this will go towards undersetting the cliff. As has been stated before, further contributions will be thankfully received toward this object, and also to start the Brigade with a small balance to cover expenses for the first twelve months. When the undersetting of the cliff is completed the account will be properly audited, and a statement sent to each of those who have so kindly assisted in the good work, which is now so nearly completed; and all persons interested in the opening of the new house are earnestly requested to assist carrying the matter to a successful issue.
— Shields Daily News 14 October 1879, "A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN AND OBJECT OF CULLERCOATS LIFE BRIGADE HOUSE"
TUJUNGA - LAFD was summoned to 6461 West Valmont Street in Tujunga at 2:51 AM on Sunday, October 18, 2020, for a residential structure fire. Twenty-six firefighters engaged in battle, starting with a defensive attack from the exterior and transitioning to an offensive attack inside the structure, ultimately eliminating the flames in 33 minutes. There were no reported injuries.
© Photo by Rick McClure
LAFD Incident: 101820-0162
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NORTH HOLLYWOOD - LAFD firefighters battled a blaze in three adjacent commercial buildings, fending off electrical hazards and building collapse, to extinguish the inferno in just over 3 hours.
A pile of oily rags were the culprit of a massive commercial structure fire on Lankershim Blvd just before midnight on November 1, 2019. Painting-related chemicals provided for a chemical reaction with the rags they were saturating and produced enough heat for them to spontaneously combust. Firefighters arrived to find fire blowing through the roof of the commercial building. Crews made access to enter the building and began cutting holes in the roof to ventilate the structure. As fire blew out of every hold that was cut, despite their continuous attempts to retreat to a less involved area to continue cutting, the decision was made to pull companies off the roof and out of the structure, and assume a defensive posture. The heavy fire load in the business quickly grew the fire, which spread to two more nearby commercial buildings.
The combined 40,000 square-foot fireball burned for over 3 hours, while 127 firefighters worked the perimeter to "surround and drown" the fire. Firefighters navigated around electrical wires down, and roof and wall collapses during the fight. By nearly 3:00 AM, the flames waved the white flag and gave up, succumbing to the three hour tour of large-diameter hose streams raining down, guided by spotters on the radio with a better vantage point. Ladder pipes, portable monitors, and 2-1/2-inch hand lines were all used in the deluge. The emergency was mitigated, but the work was not done.
Firefighters stayed on scene to overhaul the buildings and the debris pile for days following, while the pile continued to smoke. Plastics and other materials had melted throughout the pile, creating a water-resistant layer that protected hot spots under the surface from hose streams. LAFD tractor companies came out at first light the next morning to turn over the pile. A track loader (Caterpillar 953) and a wheel loader (Caterpillar IT28), driven by LAFD Heavy Equipment Operators, worked for days to continue overhauling the buildings and turn over debris, allowing firefighters to continue to put water on the materials to cool it off. Companies from all over the city rotated shifts during the days after, on "fire watch" to ensure nothing flared up and to continue to apply water while the tractors operated.
Fire investigators from the LAFD Arson/Counter-Terrorism Section obtained video evidence that enabled them to make the determination that the cause was accidental, due to spontaneous combustion. Near the end of the video from an internal surveillance camera, rags with painting-related chemicals on them (left on a bench) can be seen spontaneously combusting due to a chemical reaction. This is a sobering reminder to properly dispose of oily and chemical-soaked rags properly. Fortunately, no one was hurt during this Major Emergency fire.
© Photo by Austin Gebhardt
LAFD Incident: 110119-1860
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Fracture-filling gypsum ("selenite") from the Eocene of Canada. (13.8 centimeters across at its widest) (Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration collection, London, Ontario, Canada)
The Eocene-aged (39 Ma) Haughton Impact Structure is located on Devon Island in northern Canada. The target rocks were Middle and Lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, floored by Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Clasts of these surface and subsurface target rocks occur in abundance at the Haughton Structure, eroding from impact breccias. Shattercones also occur, sometimes in sufficient abundance to trip over them.
The rock seen here is a very post-impact, low-temperature vein filling of macrocrystalline gypsum ("selenite").
At 9:53PM on December 16, 2020 the Los Angeles City Fire Department responded to 20150 W Sunburst St for a reported structure fire.
The first arriving fire companies found a one story, commercial building with fire through the roof and requested additional resources. The 28,556 square foot building, built in 1981, was well involved in fire and a decision was quickly made to transition to a defensive mode.
Truck companies put ladder pipes into operation and firefighters used large diameter hand lines to hit the target from all sides. Crews successfully defended the adjacent structures from sustaining damage.
Ultimately, over 120 firefighters working under the leadership of Assistant Chief Corey Rose achieved a knockdown in one hour and thirty-four minutes. One firefighter was transported to the hospital with serious but non-life threatening burn injuries.
The concrete, tilt-up building sustained heavy damage, to include roof collapse, which left it dangerously vulnerable to further collapse of the walls. Consequently, the Department of Building and Safety red-tagged the structure for safety purposes. Overhaul operations and cause investigation were held off until morning while fire companies remained on scene in a fire watch. The RS3 Robotic Firefighting Vehicle was also on scene to assist with interior operations if needed through the night.
© Photo by Shane Salzman
LAFD Incident: 121620-1711
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CANOGA PARK- The Los Angeles Fire Department battled a Major Emergency Structure Fire in the west San Fernando Valley on Monday, October 18, 2021.
The fire at 8423 Canoga Avenue in Canoga Park, was first noted at 12:18 PM by an LAFD Paramedic Ambulance crew returning from a nearby emergency. Within moments of their reporting the fire, flames were through the roof of the 125' x 125' one-story industrial building that also housed an adjoining but unrelated business at 8425 Canoga Avenue.
As that first-arriving LAFD Paramedic crew circled the structure to gain situational awareness and guide fellow responders, they encountered the first of three adult male civilians with severe burn injuries outside the burning building. Two proved to be in critical condition and the other in serious condition. All three were taken to area hospitals. Sadly, one of the critically injured men died later while undergoing hospital care.
The rapid spread of intense flames and multiple explosions heard within the building guided first-arriving firefighters to quickly commence defensive operations, applying multiple large diameter hose streams from the exterior, including two from atop extended aerial ladders, to prevent flames from extending beyond the well involved structure.
With the exception of a forty square-foot section of the roof at 8427 Canoga Avenue destroyed by surface fire, the tactics proved successful in holding the blaze to the pair of unrelated businesses under one roof at 8423 and 8425 Canoga Avenue.
It took 150 Los Angeles Firefighter just 75 minutes to extinguish the flames.
Firefighters remained active through the night extinguishing hotspots and minimizing hazards at the structurally compromised building with the help of LAFD's robotic firefighting vehicle and heavy equipment.
At daylight Tuesday, LAFD crews resumed a systematic search within the largely destroyed premises. During their methodical search among tons of burnt debris inside the structure, firefighters discovered the remains of an adult male, bringing the overall patient count to four, with a total of two deceased and two remaining hospitalized.
No other injuries were reported.
Scientific testing of materials inside the building of fire origin yielded positive results for hemp, and it appears that the operation inside involved the extraction from hemp, not dissimilar to that used in the Butane Honey Oil extraction process.
Though the business was a legal enterprise, the operation inside appeared to be illegal, as it did not adhere to established permitting processes and safety requirements.
Pursuant to protocol, the fire's cause remains the focus of a joint active investigation by the Los Angeles Fire Department, Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles Interagency Metropolitan Police Apprehension Crime Task Force (L.A. Impact).
A positive identification of the dead men, as well as the cause, time and manner of their death will be determined by the Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner.
© Photo by Austin Gebhardt
LAFD Incident 101821-0791
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157 illegal structures were demolished on 26.9.15
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