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Many of Lothian's routes today can easily trace their origin back to electric and cable tram days and service 4 is no exception. Nowadays it still follows the main part of the route but extended south to Hillend and in the south east to The Jewel. Extension of routes to serve new housing areas was the main reason why Edinburgh abandoned its trams. Quite simply it was cheaper to run a bus over already built (and already paid for by developers) roads than to build expensive infrastructure on these roads. Had Edinburgh's councillors heeded this reasoning of their wise 1950's counterparts then the city (aka us taxpayers), could well have saved a very large part of £1 billion and that's not counting the probable 'subsidy' from the surplus earned by the bus services that may go to offset losses from the tram folly !
In 1962 Edinburgh Corporation ordered 50 Leyland Titan PD2/30's, with 66 seats, very much an up-market version of the austere PD2/20's, with mod cons like flourescent lighting and in general a much more comfortable ride. In fact these vehicles literally purred along the streets, hence their popularity with crews and the public. The fleet was based at Longstone garage until around 1972 when one-person-operation started to bite into rear-platformed buses, with a sizeable number then moved to Leith garage for services 11, 16 and 22. Here 643 passes St Andrew Square on service 4 which back then operated from Longstone. Note the nearside advert for Tennents Lager which was brewed then at Heriot Brewery Roseburn.
I visited at Nissan's Gallery in Ginza because I heard that 1st GT-R is displayed in the Gallery.
When I visited here, '2020 Concept' and '50th anniversary edition' were also at here. But most popular one was this.
I have seen (& testdriven) some 1st GT-Rs.
But all of them was customized.
This car is pure normal condition by Nissan factory!
Nissan gallery Ginza, Tokyo, Japan.
more photos:
This view shows part of an area on Mars where narrow rock ridges, some as tall as a 16-story building, intersect at angles forming corners of polygons.
The area covered in the image spans about two-thirds of a mile (1.1 kilometers) wide, in the Gordii Dorsum portion of the Medusae Fossae region of Mars. The image is from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. North is up. Note the shadows cast by some of the walls.
To read the full story, click here.
Dès son origine (1477-1478), le “pion” est un surnom pour désigner “celui” qui a de grands pieds !
C’est aussi une pièce d’échec, la seule à ne pas pouvoir reculer !
On parle aussi souvent d’une personne qui est manipulée !
De même on surnomme parfois ainsi les “assistants éducatifs" et surtout dans les internats …
Mais revenons à l’éthymologie de ce mot issu du latin et qui veut dire celui «qui va à pied» même si l’homme repris sur ce cliché, compte, à mon avis, prendre un transport en commun !
Avec l’utilisation de plus en plus importante des caméras de surveillance, il devient également un “pion” parmi tant d’autres sous contrôle quasi permanent du système !
Je ne sais pas ce que vous en pensez ou tout simplement si vous vous sentez aussi être “un pion” mais moi, rien qu’à y penser, je deviens vexé et “irritable” 🤔
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INFORMATIONS CONCERNANT LA PRISE DE VUE CI-DESSUS !
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A la recherche d’un boîtier plus léger et moins encombrant, j’ai eu l’occasion d’essayer le dernier né des compacts de l'enseigne Sony !
Photo réalisée donc avec le nouveau Sony Alpha 7CII et un petit zoom FE 28-60 mm dont la plus grande ouverture est de f/4 à 28 mm et de f/5,6 à 60 mm !
Il était équipé d’une poignée GP-X2 qui donne un excellent maintien en main mais pas vraiment nécessaire !
Quant à son prix, il devrait se situer entre 2000 et 2200 € et normalement, il sera disponible dès le mois prochain !
Léger et équipé d’un capteur de 33 Mégapixels, il permet de jouer avec des sensibilités Iso entre 100 et 51200 et procure des prises de haute sensibilité …. et sans bruit !
Okay, so I did start a medieval series but I don't think I really want to do it. If I should, tell me but it's only been one very crappy build and I don't have the motive to continue it. This series I will continue, I already have two builds ready and I need help. This series will be about Batman as he meets all of the major characters in his life. I need a name for it, and I have absolutely no clue what to call it. Now, before I start posting these I want to note that some of this is my version of these stories. I'm mostly going along the original story-lines but some things are things I have made up, so don't jump all over me if I do something that isn't originally from the comics. So, thoughts and what should I call it?!?
Star Citizen Alpha 3.11
In-game Screenshot w Reshade
Interested in getting into Star Citizen? Use my referral code for a kickstart of 5 000 UEC ingame.
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Le moulin de Nogent-sur-Seine est d'origine ancienne (11e siècle). Vendu comme bien national à la Révolution, il prend de l'importance sous la propriété de la famille Chassériau, de 1830 à 1859, qui perfectionne l'installation. Le moulin compte 15 paires de meules en 1859 et produit 500 tonnes de farine par an. Pierre Sassot, meunier, l'acquiert en 1880 et y introduit des appareils à cylindres. En 1883-1884, les anciens moulins sont équipés de trois moteurs hydrauliques, de deux roues à aubes et d'une turbine pour une force motrice totale de 300 à 350 chevaux. Un silo est construit en 1901, alors que la raison sociale de l'entreprise était devenue, depuis 1892, Sassot frères (société constituée par Paul et Léon, les fils de Pierre Sassot). La minoterie est ravagée par un incendie en décembre 1907. Les frères Sassot la font reconstruire l'année suivante sous la conduite de l'architecte Clément, de Romilly, par des entrepreneurs de Nogent (Corcelle), de Reims (Demay) et de l'Essonne. Avec 4 turbines hydrauliques produisant une force motrice de 450 chevaux, la capacité d'écrasement passe alors à 80 tonnes par jour. En 1919, les Etablissements Sassot Frères deviennent la S.A. des Grands Moulins de Nogent-sur-Seine. La société exploitante prend le nom des Minoteries de l'Est en 1925, et devient S.A. des Moulins de Nogent en 1951. Rachetée en 1989 par le groupe Bouygues, la minoterie cesse son activité en septembre 1990 alors que la capacité journalière d'écrasement atteint 240 tonnes. Elle devient la propriété du groupe céréalier nogentais Soufflet en 1994, qui installe ses bureaux dans l'aile sud et la tour horloge. Le reste du site est désaffecté. Les passerelles des magasins à blé installées depuis 1895 sont retirées en 1997. Une procédure de classement du bâtiment des moulins est en cours. La main d'oeuvre était formée d'une trentaine d'ouvriers spécialisés. L'envergure du moulin de Nogent est comparable à celle des Grands Moulins de Corbeil-Essonnes (91), dont ils sont contemporains.
There's a river in my valley. And the origin is a small gorge with high walls. And right behind this gorge, a 3614 meter high guardian is watching over all.
Nowadays I love having my neck tickled in a slightly (but not much) more grown up way - if its done right i get the most amazing tingle right down my spine to my hips - I used to get this same tingle at school when a very softly spoken teacher would talk quietly in my ear; it didn't matter that she was saying X=Yx6 (yx6 = x - 32.4575684675) what is X? I would be in silent bliss.
Before I had a regular camera of my own, I got my start in school bus photography from taking videos, separating them into stills and trying to pick out the least pixelated ones. I just thought it would be interesting to share these with you guys and see how they translated onto flickr.
Sanremo has Roman origins, it prospered in the Middle Age, when the population moved from the coast to high grounds. The town (named "La Pigna" was walled for protection Saracen raids.
It became a free town in the 15th century. In 1753 it rose against Genoese hegemonical attempts. But Genoa built the fortress of Santa Tecla, situated the port. The fortress still exists. It was used as a prison until 2002. It is now being transformed into a museum.
In 1814, Sanremo was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. From the middle of the 18th century, the town grew rapidly, in part due to the development of tourism, which saw the first grand hotels built and the town extended along the coast. Similar to nearby Nice the nobility holidayed here. "Sissi", Empress of Austria, loved Sanremo. Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia and Emperor Nicholas II of Russia spent a winter here. Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel made Sanremo his permanent home.
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A church existed here already in the 9th century. The church of today was built by Comacini masters in the early twelfth century. From 1619 on the church got modified and finally, the Romanesque structure was transformed into Baroque in 1668. In 1745 a bombing carried out by an English naval formation caused the collapse of part of the roof and facade. After the revolt against the Republic of Genoa in 1753, the bell tower got demolished for punishment. It was then rebuilt in Baroque style
In 1901 restoration works were started on the Romanesque aspect. These works were officially completed in 1948.
An "Agnus Dei" between two date palms. Date palms were not common in Northern Italy.
This was NOT easy but I finally managed to make firefly from Arkham Origins, the gears in my head have been turning sense the gamescon trailer and here he is.
where I come from...
Rosinbum Orchards
... The tiny red barn in the center, though not original, sits 100 feet away from what remains of the foundation of the original house/homestead built by my great-grandfather when my family began life in this little valley of Cowiche in the foothills of the Cascades outside of Yakima. There is no irrigation at the homestead, but the small draw of the land where the house was built continues to provide enough water for many trees and plants (those that remain) my great-grandfather and mother planted in a garden, in a high desert where they should have been dead long ago. The house burned down many, many years ago (I believe in the 1940s) and they rebuilt in another area of property purchased a good ways behind me where this was taken. There was always something special to me about *this* spot however. I understand why they chose it.
I can smell this place in my mind.
Pentax MX | FA 31/1.8 | Velvia 100F | time
Le origini di Orvieto risalgono alla civiltà etrusca: i primi insediamenti, sono del IX° secolo a.C. e si localizzarono all'interno delle grotte tufacee ricavate nel massiccio su cui sorge attualmente la città...
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A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea. It usually consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles or cobblestones. The particles of which the beach is composed can sometimes instead primarily be of biological origins, such as whole or fragmentary mollusc shells or fragments of coralline algae.
Wild beaches are beaches which do not have lifeguards or trappings of modernity nearby, such as resorts and hotels. They are sometimes called undeclared, undeveloped or undiscovered beaches. Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature. They are most commonly found in less developed areas including, for example, parts of Puerto Rico, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
Beaches often occur along coastal areas where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.
Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word beach, beaches are found by lakes and alongside large rivers, as well as by the sea or oceans.
Beach may refer to:
small systems where rock material moves onshore, offshore, or alongshore by the forces of waves and currents; or geological units of considerable size.
The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.
There are several conspicuous parts to a beach which relate to the processes that form and shape it. The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm. The berm is the deposit of material comprising the active shoreline. The berm has a crest (top) and a face — the latter being the slope leading down towards the water from the crest. At the very bottom of the face, there may be a trough, and further seaward one or more long shore bars: slightly raised, underwater embankments formed where the waves first start to break.
The sand deposit may extend well inland from the berm crest, where there may be evidence of one or more older crests (the storm beach) resulting from very large storm waves and beyond the influence of the normal waves. At some point the influence of the waves (even storm waves) on the material comprising the beach stops, and if the particles are small enough (sand size or smaller) , winds shape the feature. Where wind is the force distributing the grains inland, the deposit behind the beach becomes a dune.
These geomorphic features compose what is called the beach profile. The beach profile changes seasonally due to the change in wave energy experienced during summer and winter months. The beach profile is higher during the summer due to the gentle wave action during this season. The lower energy waves deposit sediment on the beach berm and dune, adding to the beach profile. Conversely, the beach profile is lower in the winter due to the increased wave energy associated with storms. Higher energy waves erode sediment from the beach berm and dune, and deposit it off shore, forming longshore bars. The removal of sediment from the beach berm and dune decreases the beach profile.
The line between beach and dune is difficult to define in the field. Over any significant period of time, sand is always being exchanged between them. The drift line (the high point of material deposited by waves) is one potential demarcation. This would be the point at which significant wind movement of sand could occur, since the normal waves do not wet the sand beyond this area. However, the drift line is likely to move inland under assault by storm waves.
Beach formation
Beaches are the result of wave action by which waves or currents move sand or other loose sediments of which the beach is made as these particles are held in suspension. Alternatively, sand may be moved by saltation (a bouncing movement of large particles). Beach materials come from erosion of rocks offshore, as well as from headland erosion and slumping producing deposits of scree. Some of the whitest sand in the world, along Florida's Emerald Coast, comes from the erosion of quartz in the Appalachian Mountains. A coral reef offshore is a significant source of sand particles.
The shape of a beach depends on whether or not the waves are constructive or destructive, and whether the material is sand or shingle. Constructive waves move material up the beach while destructive waves move the material down the beach. On sandy beaches, the backwash of the waves removes material forming a gently sloping beach. On shingle beaches the swash is dissipated because the large particle size allows percolation, so the backwash is not very powerful, and the beach remains steep. Cusps and horns form where incoming waves divide, depositing sand as horns and scouring out sand to form cusps. This forms the uneven face on some sand shorelines.
There are several beaches which are claimed to be the "World's longest", including Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (120 km unbroken), Praia do Cassino, Fraser Island beach, 90 Mile Beach in Australia and 90 Mile Beach in New Zealand (88 km), Troia-Sines Beach (63 km) in Portugal and Long Beach, Washington (which is about 40 km).
Beaches and recreation
Many beaches are very popular on warm sunny days. In the Victorian era, many popular beach resorts were equipped with bathing machines because even the all-covering beachwear of the period was considered immodest. This social standard still prevails in many Muslim countries. At the other end of the spectrum are topfree beaches and nude beaches where clothing is optional or not allowed. In most countries social norms are significantly different on a beach in hot weather, compared to adjacent areas where similar behaviour might not be tolerated and might even be prosecuted.
Usually beach wear consists of a bikini, short shorts, and beach sandals for women. For men it is usually swim trunks and beach sandals.
In more than thirty countries in Europe, South Africa, New Zealand, Canada, Costa Rica, South America and the Caribbean, the best recreational beaches are awarded Blue Flag status, based on such criteria as water quality and safety provision. Subsequent loss of this status can have a severe effect on tourism revenues.
Due to intense use by the expanding human population, beaches are often dumping grounds for waste and litter, necessitating the use of beach cleaners and other cleanup projects. More significantly, many beaches are a discharge zone for untreated sewage in most underdeveloped countries; even in developed countries beach closure is an occasional circumstance due to sanitary sewer overflow. In these cases of marine discharge, waterborne disease from fecal pathogens and contamination of certain marine species is a frequent outcome.
Beach tokens
"Beach tokens", a form of season pass admission ticket, may be required for entrance, for people and even pets. They are made of metal etc. durable material, to enable them to withstand swimming, so the bearer can just carry them around his neck or on his swimsuit. Goals may be:
-restricting to only community members
-user fees for lifeguards, clean up
Artificial beaches
Some beaches are artificial; they are either permanent or temporary (For examples see Monaco, Paris, Copenhagen, Rotterdam, Toronto, Hong Kong and Singapore).
The soothing qualities of a beach and the pleasant environment offered to the beachgoer are replicated in artificial beaches, such as "beach style" pools with zero-depth entry and wave pools that recreate the natural waves pounding upon a beach. In a zero-depth entry pool, the bottom surface slopes gradually from above water down to depth. Another approach involves so-called urban beaches, a form of public park becoming common in large cities. Urban beaches attempt to mimic natural beaches with fountains that imitate surf and mask city noises, and in some cases can be used as a play park.
Beach nourishment involves pumping sand onto beaches to improve their health. Beach nourishment is common for major beach cities around the world; however the beaches that have been nourished can still appear quite natural and often many visitors are unaware of the works undertaken to support the health of the beach. Such beaches are often not recognized (by consumers) as artificial.
A concept of IENCE has been devised to describe investment into the capacity of natural environments. IENCE is Investment to Enhance the Natural Capacity of the Environment and includes things like beach nourishment of natural beaches to enhance recreational enjoyment and snow machines that extend ski seasons for areas with an existing snow economy developed upon a natural snowy mountain. As the name implies IENCE is not quite mainstream natural science as its goal is to artificially invest into an environment's capacity to support anthropogenic economic activity. An artificial reef designed to enhance wave quality for surfing is another example of IENCE. The Surfrider Foundation has debated the merits of artificial reefs with members torn between their desire to support natural coastal environments and opportunities to enhance the quality of surfing waves. Similar debates surround Beach nourishment and Snow cannon in sensitive environments.
Beaches as habitat
A beach is an unstable environment which exposes plants and animals to changeable and potentially harsh conditions. Some small animals burrow into the sand and feed on material deposited by the waves. Crabs, insects and shorebirds feed on these beach dwellers. The endangered Piping Plover and some tern species rely on beaches for nesting. Sea turtles also lay their eggs on ocean beaches. Seagrasses and other beach plants grow on undisturbed areas of the beach and dunes.
Ocean beaches are habitats with organisms adapted to salt spray, tidal overwash, and shifting sands. Some of these organisms are found only on beaches. Examples of these beach organisms in the southeast US include plants like sea oats, sea rocket, beach elder, beach morning glory aka Ipomoea pes-caprae, and beach peanut, and animals such as mole crabs aka Hippoidea, coquina clams aka Donax, ghost crabs, and white beach tiger beetles.
Lövstabruk is a village on a common in the parish of Österlövsta, Tierp Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden. In 2010 it had a population of 96, compared to some 1300 at its height during the 18th century. The word lövsta is derived from lösta, an old Swedish word for "glade". The contemporary spelling in the 18th century was Leufsta, with French orthography reflecting the Walloon origin of the workforce. The latter part of the name, bruk, means both "mill town" and "ironworks".
The settlement was founded as an ironworks by local farmers during the 16th century, from then on relying primarily upon the quality Dannemora ore. The ownership changed hands to the crown and back again. Another forgery was later built by the crown, which from time to time was leased to various tenants, most notably Wellam de Besche, governmental inspector over most ironworks in Sweden, in 1626 and to him and his partner Louis De Geer in the succeeding year. They introduced Walloon forging here, with at most five pairs of hearths (finery and cafery). In 1641 Louis de Geer, by then Swedish citizen, purchased Lövstabruk from the crown as part of a land sale to relieve the government's shortage of cash, and in 1668 his son Emanuel was able to negotiate a purchase of the other forge from the farmers. During his time, the facility was expanded considerably, and a park was created along the swamped sides of Risforsån, the creek from which power was supplied in four waterfalls, in total falling over 15 meters. Due to a shortage of charcoal, the blast furnaces were relocated to neighbouring villages, where various other expansion also took place. However, Lövstabruk remained the main production facility, and was the biggest ironworks in the country during a number of years in the 18th century. The iron produced at Leusta was of a kind known in England as oregrounds iron, after the port town of Öregrund. The brand mark used at Leufsta was an 'L' inscribed in an open circle, so that its products were known in England as "Hoop L iron". It was classified as first oregrounds and at the height of its power most of the products were exported to England, where it was converted to blister steel by the cementation process.
The ironworks was sold to Gimo-Österby AB in 1917, and the lion share of the woodlands to Korsnäs AB in 1935. Iron production ceased on 20 November 1926. All production facilities were torn down shortly after, while virtually all surrounding buildings remain intact. The manor and the land next to it was owned by the de Geer family for thirteen generations until 1986, when it was transformed into a foundation made up of the local county, Uppsala University, Tierp Municipality, and the de Geer family. Since 1997 most buildings are managed by National Property Board Sweden A number of apartments can be rented from Tierpsbyggen AB.
The Manor
Around 1615 the first timbered mansion was erected by the crown. 1702 the second wooden manor with six wings, possibly designed by Johan Hårleman, was finished during the ownership of Emmanuel's nephew Charles. In July 1719 Lövstabruk, along with most other locations of economic importance along the eastern coast of Uppland from Norrtälje to Harnäs bruk just south of Gävle, were burnt down by the northern half of a Russian fleet in an attempt by the Czar to move forward with the peace negotiations that were stalled by Sweden. This effort was ill responded to by the unenterprising Swedish government in the political vacuum after the death of King Charles XII. At first Charles de Geer was sceptical about rebuilding the ironworks in Lövstabruk, and considered giving up, going back to Wallonia. However, his able manager Georg Svebilius, who had successfully saved Skebo bruk by a civil militia of his during his employment there, persuaded him to go on. Within four years the ironworks was producing again, and in the 1730s the current Manor house, now built in stone with four wings, and other less important buildings were also reconstructed. The baron Charles de Geer was bestowed head of county in addition to many years of tax exemption for his efforts. Lövstabruk was made a fideicommiss during his ownership. When the childless bachelor died after a stroke in 1730, his nephew Charles de Geer inherited Lövstabruk at an age of 10. Charles studied entomology in the Netherlands, and was a reputed researcher in addition to running the ironworks from the age of 19. He knew Olof Rudbeck and Carl von Linne, and started a famous scientific library in Lövstabruk, including the 'Flower Book', now owned by Carolina Rediviva, as well as an Aviary. The Manor was improved upon during his ownership, primarily to the design of Jean-Eric Rehn, the dining room perhaps being the most notable effort. His son, also named Charles, preserved the estate while he concentrated upon his interest in politics, agitating against the king. At the turn of the century the ironworks business went well, and the Manor was once more overhauled, this time by Isak Gustaf Clason. As the economy turned worse again a planned overall renovation of all buildings in a Dutch renaissance style never took place, except for the new warehouse and the bookkeeper's lodge.
The park was originally laid out in renaissance style, but later remodeled into barock style. After a period of decline it was yet again transformed during the end of the 19th century, this time with inspiration from Germany. During 1970-71 the park was restored inspired by its barock past as of 1769 under the lead of Walter Bauer, using drawings of Adolf-Fredrik Barnekow and Emanuel de Geer.
The church in Lövstabruk, built twice by the first Charles de Geer, houses a well-preserved organ by Niclas Cahman, constructed 1726-1728 with 28 ranks of pipes, where almost all of the visible pipes are used to make sounds.
The largest and most interesting Swedish collection of horse-drawn carriages still in private hands can be found in the stables.
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Lövstabruk (äldre stavning Leufsta bruk) är en småort i Österlövsta socken i Tierps kommun med cirka 100 invånare.
Lövstabruk är ett internationellt känt vallonbruk. Här finns bland annat Leufsta herrgård. I Lövstabruks kyrka finns en berömd orgel, den så kallade Cahmanorgeln. Lövstabruk är i dag ett byggnadsminne. Herrgården och herrgårdsparken med flera byggnader förvaltas av Statens fastighetsverk.
Redan tidigt hade Leufsta en ansenlig järntillverkning. Bruket ligger där det ligger för att Risforsån kunde bistå med kraft till hammare och smedjor. Under de äldre De Geerarnas tid var Leufsta landets största järnverk och hade 1660 två masugnar och tre hamrar för vallonsmide.
Herrgården på Leufsta består av en tvåvånings huvudbyggnad och två med denna sammanbyggda flygelbyggnader samt på något avstånd två halvrunda flyglar, allt av sten.
Där Lövstabruk nu ligger har sedan urminnes tid funnits hyttor, som tillhört bönder i kringliggande gårdar. Det så kallade bondebruket, ett stycke längre upp i strömmen, omtalas första gången 1578. Kronobruket anlades 1596 och drevs för kronans räkning. Före 1610 drevs det tillsammans med Österby, där fogden bodde. 1615 fick det en mer självständig ställning sedan bruket förpantats till Kristina av Holstein-Gottorp. Willem de Besche arrenderade Olands härad samt Lövsta och Hållnäs socknar av staten 1626 tillsammans med Österby och Lövsta bruk. År 1627 fick De Besche och Louis De Geer detta kontrakt förlängt på sex år. År 1633 övertog De Geer ensam arrendet som pant för en sin fordran hos kronan, och detta förnyades 1636, 1639 och 1642. År 1643 köpte han kronobruket vid Lövsta, Österby och Gimo bruk samt en mängd kronohemman i Uppland. År 1646 bekräftades köpeavtalet av drottning Kristina, sedan hon blivit myndig.
Louis De Geers son Emanuel De Geer (1624-1692) köpte 1668 även det ovannämnda Bondebruket och anlade Tobo masugn. Han satte sin brorson Charles De Geer som arvtagare av hela sin förmögenhet. Denne Charles De Geer var son Louis De Geer den yngre (1622-1659). Under Charles De Geers tid brände ryssarna den 25-26 juli 1719 såväl Lövstabruk som nästan hela socknen med kyrka och prästgård. Charles De Geer återuppbyggde inte bara bruket utan även herrgården och kyrkan. Genom testamente förordnade han att Leufsta, Åkerby nu rivna bruk och Karlholmsbruk skulle tillfalla hans brorson, sedermera friherre Charles De Geer och efter honom hans manliga avkomma, kammarherre Charles De Geer (1720-1778), som fideikommiss. Under Charles De Geers tid förenades Hillebola, Strömsbergs, Västlands och Ullfors bruk med stamgodset, men ingick inte i fideikommisset. Komplexen hölls emellertid samman under hans son, kammarherre Charles De Geer (1720-1778). Då dennes son, excellensen greve Carl De Geer, inte efterlämnade någon son, ärvdes bruken samt flera andra gods av hans enda dotter, Charlotte De Geer (1813-1888), gift med excellensen greve Baltzar von Platen. Baltzar von Platen var gift med friherrinnan Sofia Eleonora Charlotta De Geer af Leufsta. Genom sitt arv och sitt gifte var von Platen en av tidens rikaste män. Fideikommisset övergick till excellensens kusins son Emanuel De Geer (1817-1877), död ogift 1877. Han efterträddes av sin bror, hovmarskalken friherre Louis De Geer (1824-1887), vars son, friherre Carl De Geer (1859-1914) övertog ägarskapet.
Lövstabruks sista smedja byggdes 1887 och var sedan i drift till den 5 november 1926, då lancashiresmidet slutligen lades ned.
1917 hade bruket sålts av från Lövsta gods till Gimo-Österby bruks AB och utarrenderades till Fagersta bruk AB.
Den äldsta herrgården var den fogdegård som uppfördes omkring 1615, vanligen kallad "Konungsgården". Den bestod av en kringbyggd gård av grått timmer, snarast liknande en bergsmansgård. Den var belägen på en liten holme mellan mellersta och nedre dammen. Den var av mellansvensk gårdstyp och hade ladugården placerad på annat håll, troligen i öster, där senare under 1600-talet stallgården var belägen. Ett kapell uppfördes vid gården 1615, men revs i början av 1660-talet. Den gamla fogdebyggnaden förefaller ha rivits omkring 1700, då arbetet på den nya herrgården framskridit så pass att den helt kunde ersätta de äldre husen.
Louis De Geer vistades aldrig vid Lövsta, och den första mera ståndsmässiga herrgården uppfördes troligen av Emanuel De Geer men början omkring 1650. Trädgården blev det första att anläggas, två lusthus tillkom på 1660-talet, två till på 1670-talet. En flygel till den planerade herrgården uppfördes på 1670-talet, men därefter låg arbetet länge nere. Efter Emanuel De Geers död 1692 återupptogs dock arbetet efter en storstilad plan med en herrgård med inte mindre än sex flyglar och två paviljonger. 1701 insattes 186 fönster i stora byggnaden, och 1704 92 fönster i södra flygelns våningsrum samt 44 på vinden. Av bevarade kartor framgår dock att det planerade bygget inte riktigt fick de storskaliga proportioner som var tänkt och som bland annat avbildas i Suecia antiqua et hodierna. Bland annat fanns bara fem flyglar och inget tyder på att fler någonsin blev uppförda.
25 juli 1719 lades herrgården och bruket i aska av ryska trupper. Återuppbyggnaden startade ganska snart, även om arbetet med att återuppta bruksdriften prioriterades. Herrgården, som upplades efter en plan snarlik den äldre anläggningen, ritades troligen av Göran Josuæ Adelcrantz. Av de äldre byggnaderna förefaller orangeriet ha återuppförts kring murarna av sin 1719 nedbrända föregångare. Herrgården var dock inte färdigställd vid Charles De Geers död 1730. 1730 blev Lövstabruks herrgård fideikommiss inom den friherrliga ätten De Geer af Leufsta. På 1740-talet lades golven in i huvudbyggnaden, och 1744 inköptes stofttapeter för tre rum i byggnaden hos tapetfabrikör Johan H. Kock. Samma år gipsas golv och tak i förstugan, och slaguret på huvudbyggnadens mittrisalit sätts upp. Johan Pasch betalades 1747 för måleriarbeten på herrgården, och den franske skulptören Caillon, som annars arbetade på kungliga slottet med dekorationsarbeten betalades 1748 för arbeten på Lövsta. På 1750-talet levererades kakelugnar till herrgården. Jean Eric Rehn kom från 1750-talet att engageras för herrgårdens färdigställande, utifrån hans ritningar utfördes biblioteket 1757-58, en voliére uppfördes i trädgården utanför södra flygeln 1759, och 1762 färdigställdes de båda paviljongerna. Den södra paviljongen kom att inrymma Charles de Geers naturaliekabinett, med en mängd amfibier, ormar, ödlor, grodor, fjärilar, insekter med mera. Efter de Geers död skänktes samlingen till Vetenskapsakademien. Biblioteket på Lövsta står dock ännu till stora delar orört, fyllt av böcker, planschverk och kartor, samt ett par av Åkermans himmels- och jordglober. 1765 omgestaltade Rehn även den vid det här laget föråldrade inredningen i huvudbyggnaden. Vid denna tid var Lövsta bland de modernaste och mest imponerande herrgårdarna man kunde se i Sverige. Gustav III, som 1768 besökte Lövsta skrev i ett brev till sin mor "jag vågar säga, att min kära moder inte sett något i Sverige, om hon inte sett Leufstad".
Under 1800-talet genomgick Lövsta få förändringar. Trädgården, anlagd av Johan Hårleman, moderniserades 1880-1920 av trädgårdsarkitekt J. O. Strindberg (författarens yngre bror). På 1970-talet restaurerades trädgården för att återge den dess 1700-talsform.
Esattamente cento anni fa, il 12 aprile del 1912, appena due giorni prima che il Titanic si presentasse all'appuntamento con il suo destino, in una povera casa di contadini a Sesto Imolese, nella bassa bolognese, ai confini con la provincia di Ravenna, vedeva la luce mio nonno paterno Andrea.
E' da un po' che pensavo di ricordarlo nel centenario della sua nascita, e ho pensato di farlo a modo mio, usando due foto che vengono dalle mie passioni fotografiche: Treni, architettura e abbandono.
Nelle immagini vediamo la Ex stazione ferroviaria di Sesto (come viene chiamato il paese dai suoi abitanti).
Da questa stazione mio bisnonno Cesare nel 1902 prese il treno per recarsi a fare il militare all'estero... a Bologna (!)
E probabilmente anche mio nonno prese il suo primo treno li...
Oggi la linea non c'è più (dal 1964) però si possono trovare ancora le stazioni e molti caselli.
Purtroppo a parte la stazione di Medicina le altre lungo il percorso sono in situazione di totale abbandono, anche se... "abitate"
Un ringraziamento particolare all'amico Franco Galletti che mi ha fatto scoprire queste meraviglie... dal momento che io, dopo esserci passato davanti decine di volte negli ultimi trent'anni, non mi ero mai accorto di nulla ;-)
太古時代，在叫 sbkan的地方有一大石頭，有一天石頭裂成兩半，從中生出一男一女，此即人類的始祖。這兩人結為夫妻，逐漸繁衍子孫。留住此地者，即今之’tayal 族。據傳：在太古混沌時有一座Pinsbkan（裂開之意）的聖石，有一天巨石裂開。從裡面走出兩男一女來，其中 一男認為來到這個世界真無趣，沒意義，而又走回巨石中，而另一對男女則認為來到這個世界是多美好的一件事啊！而留在地球上生活，這兩位就是泰雅賽考列克族的祖先。後來族人人口逐漸增多，頭目就在Sebayan（分開之意）台地的石頭上，宣布開始泰雅賽考列克族的大遷移。從臺中(梨山)、苗栗、新竹(尖石五峰)、桃園(復興巴陵)、宜蘭(南澳)、臺北(福山，烏來)等建立新部落，雖然歷經數百年之遷移，這些遷移分離出去的部落的許多長老及老人，都知道他們來自Pinsbkan這個地方。
Her grandfather being framed by her heart-shaped sunglasses was entirely by accident and had nothing to do with design.
Ellery Queen - Origin of Evil
Pocket Books 926, 1953
Cover Artist: Verne Tossey
"Hate, greed and MURDER!"
from the urban dictionary "... (old scots origin)
A combination of dull, overcast, drizzly, cold, misty and miserable weather. At least 4 of the above adjectives must apply before the weather is truly dreich."
Some how I like it... occasionally there's room for a bit of magic in there :)
is it so hard to forgive
the way that we've been made to live?
how much is required to set things right?
have you confused your power with mine?
//
& i'll be moving on and going forward.
lately, i've been just thinking about who i was last year, or the many years before that. yes, i am young and naive - but i cannot help but think that i am a completely different person than who i was last year. or even five months ago. i've experienced so much and met so many people in between and have lost many things but here i am now, strangely satisfied and so ready to just.... go. yes, i am infinitely disappointed in the losses i have experienced this year, but i know that they were for the best. these empty gaps will be so quickly filed with happiness and love and other states of being.
i know i never type much in my descriptions but i guess this is what these images are about. moving on. going forward from where i have started.
In volo sul mio piccolo paese, Cavaglio d'Agogna (NO).
Alla guida del paracarrello il mitico Felice, navigatore Fabio (ovvero io!).
Cavaglio d'Agogna: cenni storici
Dalle origini al '500
L'Agogna non è solo il termine che completa il nome del paese, ma è il torrente lungo il quale è sorto Cavaglio.
Come per tanti centri abitati, grandi e piccoli, il torrente è stato il luogo vicino al quale gli antichi si insediavano per avere un mezzo di trasferimento di uomini e cose, una difesa da possibili attacchi e una fonte di approvvigionamento idrico.
Cavaglio è nato sicuramente in età celtica preromana, proprio all'intersezione tra l'Agogna e il torrente Sizzone, ma di questa fase storica nulla è giunto. Dell'età romana restano invece varie epigrafi, trovate nei paesi lungo l'Agogna, di cui una anche nel nostro territorio, inserita in un muro dell'antica cappella di San Pietro tra Cavaglio e Fontaneto.
Letta ancora dal Momsen a metà dell'ottocento e poi perduta (come sono scomparsi due capitelli altomedievali - secolo VII - in marmo bianco, ancora presenti alcuni decenni fa alla base della cappelletta come ornamento), essa attesta la probabile presenza di possedimenti terrieri in Cavaglio di due illustri famiglie novaresei: la "Valentia" e la "Cominia".
Ma è soprattutto un'arteria stradale che attesta la presenza romana della zona: la via "Settimia", terminata ai tempi dell'imperatore Settimio Severo (193 - 211 d.C.). Essa attraversava tutto il Novarese, collegando la regione di Novara con quella di Domodossola, transitando lungo il lago d'Orta e toccando Borgomanero, Fontaneto, Cavaglio e Momo.
Il ritrovamento di urne funerarie presso la chiesa della Madonna delle Grazie e la lapite citata di San Pietro ne sono una testimonianza. Un'altra strada caratterizzò l'età medievale nel territorio della zona: la strada "Francisca", così chiamata perchè portava dall'Italia alla Francia, percorrendo più o meno lo stesso itinerario della via romana precedente e toccando gli stessi centri, da Novara a Domodossola.
Proprio all'altezza di Cavaglio essa si incrociava con un'altra importante arteria: quella che proveniva da Pombia e Suno e, salendo per il Wuartone, portava a Ghemme e in Valsesia.
Lungo queste arterie c'erano sicuramente castelli, cappelle e ospizi per i viandanti, quasi tutti ormai scomparsi.
Anche a Cavaglio si ergeva un castello, ma non nel senso di un'abitazione con un signore. Si trovava in cima a una collina a sud - ovest del paese e serviva da torre di avvistamento e segnalazione con una piccola guarnigione di soldati. Fu distrutto, secondo l'Alzario, durante la guerra tra il Marchese del Monferrato e i Visconti a metà del '300.
Restano ancora le fondamenta di sassi e mattoni tra arbusti e radici in cima a una collina, che si raggiunge percorrendo vicolo Castello.
Dal mille all'inizio dell'età moderna si susseguirono in Cavaglio vari signori, padroni assoluti del paese sia delle persone che delle cose. Dapprima i conti del Castello, poi i Conti di Biandrate, infine i Cattanei e i Barbavara di Novara collegati ai Visconti e i Casati, pure di Novara, legati agli Sforza.
L'età barocca: il '600 e il '700
Con l'inizio dell'età moderna Cavaglio sembrò diventare cosmopolita. Truppe francesi, tedesche e spagnole spadroneggiavano nel territorio, con quali conseguenze anche per gli abitanti di Cavaglio si può facilmente immaginare.
La guerra era per gli uomini di allora, del tutto indifesi, come la peste e si abbatteva sulle persone, sul bestiame e sulle cose con una violenza oggi forse incomprensibile.
Con la conquista spagnola del Milanese anche Novara fu governata dagli spagnoli. A ricordo di questa dominazione esiste ancora oggi a Cavaglio, proprio nel centro del paese, una casa, meglio una torre a quattro piani, alta 14,50 mt. e con il tetto in stile lombardo, detta "casa degli spagnoli".
Accanto ad essa ci sono case dalla struttura edilizia molto antica, in cui a poco a poco si sono sviluppati nel corso dei secoli negozi e servizi pubblici: una locanda con stallazzo, una rivendita di sale e tabacchi, la posta e la prima farmacia. Sempre in età spagnola incominciò la sua attività il mulino, ancora visibile di fronte al municipio, che, alimentato dalla roggia Molinara, funzionò fino ad alcuni decenni fa.
Come la guerra, anche la peste fece la sua comparsa ripetutamente nei secoli scorsi a Cavaglio, come nelle terre circostanti. Tuttavia va ricordato un evento favorevole al paese. Quando divampò nell'Italia settentrionale la peste raccontata dal Manzoni, negli anni 1629 - 1631, la comunità di Cavaglio ne fu risparmiata e in testimonianza di ciò fu eretta come voto per iniziativa del Comune la chiesa di San Rocco nel centro del paese, che quindi sembra più di proprietà civica che ecclesiastica.
L'800 e il '900
Con l'ottocento e il novecento comparvero novità nella vita del paese, anche se la struttura urbanistica del nucleo più antico rimase sempre uguale con le stesse vie e vicoli interni e le diramazioni esterne verso i paesi vicini. Finalmente all'inizio del novecento venne costruito un ponte sull'Agogna, per superare la quale i cavagliesi dovevano prima guadarla o servirsi dei ponti di Fontaneto e di Cavaglietto.
Nel corso dell'800 il paese si ampliò, occupando le terre pianeggianti in direzione dell'Agogna. Sempre in questo secolo nacque la prima fabbrica tessile. Ubicata forse nell'edificio occupato oggi dal municipio, essa disponeva di una quarantina di telai che lavoravano stoffe di cotone.
Nel corso del '900 sono sorte anche attività industriali, artigianali e commerciali, di cui alcune purtroppo hanno chiuso i battenti o si sono trasferite altrove negli ultimi decenni.
Nel secondo dopoguerra erano in funzione anche due sale cinematografiche (una parrocchiale, l'altra privata), che hanno cessato l'attività con l'avvento della televisione. I terreni collinari, un tempo coltivabili a vigneto e ricchi di ciliegi, che al tempo del raccolto davano vita a mercati annuali con grande richiamo di presenze dai centri vicini, sono ora spesso lasciati incolti.
Negli ultimi anni, nella zona confinante con il Comune di Sizzano, si è prospettato lo sviluppo di attività sportive con la costruzione di campi da golf e relativi insediamenti turistici e del tempo libero, ma attualmente il progetto sembra bloccato.
Tratto da:
"Percorsi, Storia e Documenti Artistici del Novarese
Le terre bagnate dall'Agogna - Volume 27"
Provincia di Novara 2005
DHC-8-100/200
Details
Country of Origin
Canada
Type
Turboprop regional airliner
History
Bombardier's de Havilland Dash 8 has proven to be a popular player in the regional turboprop airliner market. De Havilland Canada began development of the Dash 8 in the late 1970s in response to what it saw as a considerable market demand for a new generation 30 to 40 seat commuter airliner. The first flight of the first of two preproduction aircraft was on June 20 1983, while Canadian certification was awarded on September 28 1984. The first customer delivery was to norOntair of Canada on October 23 1984. Like the Dash 7, the Dash 8 features a high mounted wing and Ttail, and has an advanced flight control system and large full length trailing edge flaps. Power meanwhile is supplied by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120 series (originally designated PT7A) turboprops. Initial Dash 8 production was of the Series 100, which was followed by the Series 100A in 1990. The 100A introduced a revised interior with extra headroom and PW120A turboprops. The Series 100B was offered from 1992 with more powerful PW121s for better climb and airfield performance. Production since switched to the improved performance Dash 8-200. Announced in 1992 and delivered from April 1995 the -200 features more powerful PW123C engines which give a 56km/h (30kt) increase in cruising speed, as well as greater commonality with the stretched Dash 8300. The 200B derivative has PW123Bs for better hot and high performance. From the second quarter of 1996 all Dash 8s delivered have been fitted with a computer controlled noise and vibration suppression system (or NVS). To reflect this the designation was changed to Dash 8Q (Q for `quiet'). In 1998 that was changed again to Dash 8 Q200 when a new interior was introduced.
Powerplants
100 - Two 1490kW (2000shp) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120A turboprops driving four blade constant speed Hamilton Standard propellers. 100B - Two 1605kW (2150shp) PW121As. 200 - Two 1605kW (2150shp) PW123Cs in 200A, or two PW123Ds in 200B.
Performance
100A - Max cruising speed 490km/h (265kt), long range cruising speed 440km/h (237kt). Initial rate of climb 1560ft/min. Range with full passenger load, fuel and reserves 1520km (820nm), range with a 2720kg (6000lb) payload 2040km (1100nm). 100B - Same except max cruising speed of 500km/h (270kt). 200A & 200B - Same except max cruising speed 546km/h (295kt). Initial rate of climb 1475ft/min. Range with 37 passengers 1795km (970nm).
Weights
100A - Operating empty 10,250kg (22,600lb), max takeoff 15,650kg (34,500lb). 100B - Operating empty 10,273kg (22,648lb), max takeoff 16,465kg (36,300lb). 200A & 200B - Operating empty 10,434kg (23,004lb), max takeoff 16,465kg (36,300lb).
Dimensions
Wing span 25.91m (85ft 0in), length 22.25m (73ft 0in), height 7.49m (24ft 7in). Wing area 54.4m2 (585.0sq ft).
Capacity
Flightcrew of two. Typical passenger seating for 37 at four abreast and 79cm (31in) pitch, max seating for 40.
Production
347 Dash 8-100s/-200s in service or on order at late 1998.
Source: www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/de-havilland-canada-dhc-8...
Still bearing the hallmarks of its NBC-origins, this former West Yorkshire Road Car Duple-bodied Leyland Leopard had just been transferred to the main Yorkshire Rider operation as 1547, when captured arriving at Leeds Central Bus Station in April 1990. New in 1981 as WYRC 2389, it was later renumbered 2611, being withdrawn in August 1989 when the remaining bits of West Yorkshire passed to Yorkshire Rider's parent company. It ended its days across the Pennines with Hatton, St Helens, where it was operated from 1996 to 1999.
This image is copyright and must not be reproduced or downloaded without the permission of the photographer.
We Are Vacancy.
Exif data auto added by theGOOD Uploadr
File Size : 9.9 mb
Camera Make : Hasselblad
Camera Model : Hasselblad H4D
Software : Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.0 (Macintosh)
Exposure : 0.010 seconds
Aperture : f/9
ISO Speed : 200
Focal Length : 28 mm
voce del verbo: a d d o m e s t i c a r e.
[ad-do-me-sti-cà-re (io ad-do-mè-sti-co)]
Rendere domestico, togliere da uno stato sel vatico
da [domestico], a sua volta dal latino: [domus] casa.
(sai cos'è,l'Amore?
è ciò che riesce ad addomesticare le Bestie che abbiamo dentro,
è ciò che riesce ad emanciparci da ogni Paura.)
"Bisogna essere pazienti...
Tu diventi responsabile per sempre di quello che hai addomesticato."
Thank God that you found me.
a Benedetta.
cosa sarei se non avessi incontrato te.
zenit 122, ventuno ottobre duemiladodici.
Origin: Poland
Service: 1935-1944
Info:
The 7tp was a polish light tank developed during the interwar period, based on the vickers 6 ton it was the standard polish tank at the start of ww2, although it performed better than the panzer 2 it wasn’t enough as the Germans annexed Poland in 1939. After that it served with the German army as security vehicles