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15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Serpentcleide is a Wooden Ophicleide. It has the shape of an Ophicleide, but made with the same materials as a Serpent - wood covered in leather. First made in England in the middle of the 19th century, the invention has been attributed to various different makers.
This instrument has 11 keys and comes with a crook.
Serpentcleides are assigned the number 423.213 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.21 = Trumpets with Fingerholes.
423.213 = With Wider Conicial Bore.
The studio has about 100 instruments cabled and connected to mixers. The patch panels allow us to route another 150 boxes into the mixers as needed.
We haven't used the XT yet. Looking forward to it.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Chamber Organ is a small pipe organ found in the music room of a private house, which was popular during the 18th century. They were often designed for a particular room both acoustically and as a piece of furniture. They usually have no pedals and 4 to 6 stops.
This instrument was made around 1765 and has been attributed to Thomas Parker of London. It is enharmonic i.e. there are more than a single key and pitch for some notes. With this organ four of the five black keys had two pipes per note brought into operation by sliders above the stops on either side of the keyboard. This requires the help of an assistant.
Chamber Organs are assigned the numbers 421.222.11 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.222 = Sets of flutes with internal duct.
421.222.1 = Sets of open flutes with internal duct.
421.222.11 = Without fingerholes.
21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Saùng-gauk is a traditional arched harp from Myanmar (Burma). The Boat-shaped body (about 60 cm long) with a long curved neck is carved out of the root of a tree. This axts as a hollowed-out resonator. A string bar runs down the centre of the top of the body and 13 to 16 strings angle upwards from this to bindings on the lower part of the arch of the neck. It has existed since the 8th century, predominantly in the chamber music of the Royal Court.
This instrument was made in the 19th century and has 13 strings.
Saùng-gauks are assigned the number 322.11 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
322 = Instruments where the plane of the strings lies perpendicular to the resonator's surface.
322.1 = Open Harps. The harp has no pillar.
322.11 = Arched harps. The neck curves away from the resonator.
Small strong lyre made for my children . They have out grown it by a few years now . It's about 10 years old .
24th May 2016 at the V&A (British galleries), London SW7.
The Claviorgan (or Claviorganum) is a musical instrument in which strings and pipes are combined within a single case. They vary in terms of the nature of the string part (e.g. Clavichord, Spinet, Piano) and the pipes part (e.g. reed organ, pipe organ), and whether the two parts can be played together from a single keyboard, or if there are separate keyboards. A Ph.D. thesis has identified 118 surviving instruments made between 1459 and 1920 which fit the definition.
This instrument was made by Lodewyk Theewes, (formerly of Antwerp) in London in 1579. It combines an Harpischord and an Organ), and is the only surviving English keyboard instrument datable to the sixteenth century. It is badly damaged condition, and the keyboard and all but one pipe are missing. The decoration on the lid includes a painting of Orpheus playing to monkeys
Claviorgans are assigned the numbers 314.122-6-8 and 421.112 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-6-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by plectrum and keyboard.
and
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.11 = End-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim at the upper open end of a tube.
421.112 = Sets of end-blown flutes or panpipes. Several end-blown flutes of different pitch are combined to form a single instrument.
7th May 2017 at the Fair Grounds Race Course (Cultural Exchange Pavilion), New Orleans, USA (on display at instrument seller stall).
The Cuban Tres Guitar has 6 strings in 3 courses (the name is derived from this feature). The main difference between it and a standard guitar is not the shape or size, but that it played like a rhythm instrument. It was developed from wire strung instruments that were popular in Spain during colonial times like the bandola and bandurria.
The instrument in the photo was made by Gilberto Méndez Méndez of Santiago de Cuba.
Tres are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Nkak (or Tuum) is a conical drum of the Bamileke people of Cameroon. It is carved from Bubinga wood and has a hide membrane. This is secured beneath by a concealed hoop and attached to another external hoop by four blue plastic cords. The lacing is tensioned by four wooden wedges forced under this hoop.
This instrument was made by Jonas Kamsi of Bayangam village, Mifi district, West Cameroon in 1999.
Nkaks are assigned the number 211.251.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.2 = Tubular Drums. Instruments in which the body is tubular.
211.25 = Conical Drums. Instruments in which the body is conical-shaped.
211.251 = Instruments which have only one usable membrane.
211.251.1 = Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open.
23rd January 2017 at the Royal Concert Hall (Strathclyde Suite), Glasgow (duo with Martin Hayes).
Uilleann Pipes are the bagpipes found in Ireland. There have been bagpipes in Ireland for many centuries. However, there is some dispute about the extent to which the Uilleann Pipes are purely Irish invention, or imported from England. The Uilleann Pipes have a conical bore chanter, three cylindrical bore drones (tenor, baritone and bass) and three keyed conical bore regulators.These accompany the melody on the chanter and only sound when the key is open. The bag is inflated using a small set of bellows strapped around the waist and the right arm. The word Uilleannn comes from uille or elbow.
This instrument is a 18 Moloney, so called because the chanter is an unusual 18 inches long and was made by the brothers Thomas and Andrew Moloney of Co. Clare in the first half of 19th century. Power added it to a set of pipes made by Johnny Bourke and/or Dan O’Dowd much more recently.
Uillleann Pipes are assigned the number 422.112-62 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or 7s. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112-62 = With Flexible Air Reservoir.
Bart Hopkin calls it a boo - a tongue drum made from a tube of bamboo or a box. It might not seem complicated compared to some of my earlier instruments, but for me, cutting and attaching these five pieces of wood was like brain surgery. Notice that no two sides are the same length, and the notches for the tongue are all slanted. Anyway, it goes a little bit like this.
8th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Pi So (or pi chum) is a Thai bamboo free reed pipe. It is played by Lanna people of Northern Thailand, with similar instruments by others peoples in the country. It is end blown. However the top end of the instrument enters the mouth at an oblique angle to cover the reed.
This instrument was made before 1960 and has seven fingerholes and no thumbhole.
Pi So are assigned the number 422.32 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.3 = Reedpipes with free reeds. The reed vibrates through [at] a closely fitted frame. There must be fingerholes.
422.31 = Single pipes with free reeds.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Contrabasse à Anche or Reed Contrabass is similar to the Ophicleide but has a double reed. It was developed by the Belgian maker Victor-Charles Mahillion in the 1860s (using earlier work by Johann Stehle and Václav Červený) to fill a need for an instrument at the bass end of the woodwind family. It was used by military bands across Europe as the contra-bassoon was too fragile and too quiet for outdoor use.
This instrument was made in the last quarter of 19th century by Jacques Albert in Brussels, Belgium.
Contrabasses à Anche are assigned the number 422.112-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or Oboes. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112-71 = With Keys.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The English Guitar is a type of Cittern, which was popular in many places in Europe between the middle of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century. The term is a modern one to distingush the instrument fronm the Spanish Guitar. At the time it was known as simply a Guitar or Guittar. It is wire strings and has an open major tuning Being cheap and relatively easy to play, the English Guitar was popular among amateur musicians, particularly upper-class women. The instrument took a variety of shapes (and sizes), including pear, teardrop and bell.
The Keyed English Guitar (or hammered or pianoforte guitar) was a varient of the English Guitar. The keys operated piano-like hammers which project through holes in the rose (the decoration around the soundhole) to strike the strings. This system never became very popular due to the complexity of the action and its inability to play as effectively.
This instrument was made in the late 18th century by Culliford, Rolfe and Barrow in England. It has six-courses and 12 strings (2 x 3 and 2 x 1).
Keyed English Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-4 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood
321.322-4 = Strings vibrated by hammers or beaters.
24th January 2016 at the Old Fruitmarket, Glasgow (duo with Béla Fleck).
Banjos developed in the United States in the 18th and 19th century out of African instruments. They have four or five, or even six, strings and a circular drum-like sound box. Another important variation in banjos is whether they are open backed or have a resonator.
Open backed banjos are quieter and have a mellower tone. The strings are often higher above the finger board. This type of Banjo is used in Old Time Music. A popular style of playing for this type of banjo is Clawhammer, a downward motion hitting the strings with the thumb and one finger.
This is an OME Jubilee banjo.
Open Backed Banjos are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
Idakka - A musical instrument of Kerala.
The peculiarity is that this apart from giving rhythm beats, this can also play like a string type instrument. It can play different notes. The Idakka Player hangs this instruments on his shoulder using a strap. He plays with this right hand (or the hand that is 'right' for him). He can vary notes varying the pressure he applys to the strings.
It is used in classical performances like Panchavadyam, Kathakali, Koodiyattam etc.
More information can be had from
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Post Horn is valveless cylindrical brass instrument with a cupped mouthpiece. It was used in the 18th and 19th centuries to signal the arrival or departure of a post rider or mail coach. There are both coiled and straight versions. The former were more common in Europe, while the latter was adopted in Britain as the regulation instrument for use by Royal Mail coaches.
This instrument is a straight Post Horn made in the 1930s by Besson & Co, the London based maker of band instruments,
Straight Post Horns are assigned the number 423.121.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.1 = There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
423.12 = Tubular trumpets.
423.121 = End-blown trumpets. The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.
423.121.1 = End-blown straight trumpets. The tube is neither curved nor folded,
423.121.12 = With mouthpiece.
Somewhere in that mess of clamps is a wheel.
This was one of the most tricky things I've done in a long time, and I wasn't entirely satisfied with the results. Actually no, I was delighted with the result because it wasn't rubbish. It's a fairly good join, certainly better than I expected.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The English Guitar is a type of Cittern, which was popular in many places in Europe between the middle of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century. The term is a modern one to distingush the instrument fronm the Spanish Guitar. At the time it was known as simply a Guitar or Guittar. It is wire strings and has an open major tuning Being cheap and relatively easy to play, the English Guitar was popular among amateur musicians, particularly upper-class women. The instrument took a variety of shapes (and sizes), including pear, teardrop and bell.
This instrument was made in 1764 by John Zumpe in London. It has six-courses and 10 strings (4 x 2 and 2 x 1).
English Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Shell Rattle consists of snail shells strung together. Common across the Western Pacific, they are often attached to a dancer's legs. In Vanuatu they were worn by widows as a breast ornament for several months after the death of the husband. They are expected to sleep next to her dead husband for several days They rattle the snells as they approached settlements to warn the inhabitants of their taboo status.
This instrument was collected on Santo, the largest island in Vanuatu, in the 1930s by a missionary.
Shell Rattles are assigned the number 112.111 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.11 = Suspension Rattles. Perforated idiophones are mounted together, and shaken to strike against each other
112.111 = Strung Rattles. Rattling objects are strung in rows on a cord.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Natural Trumpet has no slides, keys, or valves to help the player change the pitch. It differs from earlier trumpets which had short straight tubes by being coiled and longer (approaching 2 metres). Popular from the 16th to 18th centuries, it was originally used in Armies to give commands and then progressed via ceremonial music into orchestral works of the Baroque and Classical eras.
This instrument was made in the middle of the 18th Century by Nicholas Winkings in London.
Natural Trumpets are assigned the number 423.121.22 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.1 = There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
423.12 = Tubular trumpets.
423.121 = End-blown trumpets. The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.
423.121.2 = End-blown horns. The tube is curved or folded.
423.121.22 = With mouthpiece.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Shofar is the horn of a Ram or other kosher animal used in Jewish religious ceremonies.
This instrument was made in Israel in the mid 1990s,
Shofars are assigned the number 423.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.1 = There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
28th April 2011 in the Odgen Museum, New Orleans, USA (exhibit in “Preservation Hall Remembered: 50 Years of Jazz” exhibition).
The Helicon is a development of the Tuba, the largest and lowest pitch brass instrument. They have a conical bore i.e. their diameter increases along the tubing from the mouthpiece to the bell. Helicons were developed in the 1860s in Germany for use in military bands. The tube has a circular form with the bell over the player’s self shoulder. This allowed the instrument to be played more easily on the move.
Allen Jaffe was a key figure in the development of Preservation Hall in New Orleans (and father of Ben who runs it today). He played in the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, Olympia Brass Band and various other ensembles. His chosen instrument was a Helicon made in the United States by the Buescher company.
Helicons are assigned the number 423.231 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.231= With Conical Bore.
18th October 2017 at Dingwalls, London NW1 (Lankum gig).
The Concertina was developed in the 1830s in both England and Germany. It differs from the Accordion in having buttons in the same direction as the bellows rather than perpendicular. There are two keyboards of buttons, one at each end of the instruments bellows. Each button has an individual note.
There are several different types of Concertina. The English Concertina is octagonal and unisonoric (the same note on push and draw). The German Concertina (Chemnitzer) is rectangular and bisonoric (a different note on push and draw). There is also an Anglo-German Concertina (usually just called an Anglo) developed later in the 1860s which is closer to the English shape (usually hexagonal) and has the German note system. Other difference between the English and Anglo Concertinas are: the former have thumb straps and the latter hand straps, the rows of buttons on the former are straight and on the latter slightly curved downwards. The Duet Concertina is harder to pin down as there are a number of different systems. They are all unisonoric and have the bass notes are on the left side and the treble are on the right. The player can then play the melody on the right hand, with an accompaniment on the left, thus the name Duet.
Baritone Concertinas are tuned an octave below the regular (Treble) instruments
This is a Lachenal Baritone Concertina.
Louis Lachenal used to work for C. Wheatstone & Co before forming his own company in the 1850s.
Concertinas are assigned the number 412.132 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
41 = Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412 = Interruptive Free Aerophones. The air-stream is interrupted periodically.
412.1 = Idiophonic Interruptive Aerophones or Reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
412.13 = Free Reed Instruments. Instrument features a reed which vibrates within a closely fitting slot.
412.132 = Sets of Free Reads.
8th January 2016 at Union Chapel, London N1 (Çiğdem Aslan gig).
The Saz is a Turkish instrument similar to the Oud with a deep round body, but with a much longer and straight neck. The name Saz properly applies to a family of instruments which vary in their body radius and neck length.
The Bağlama is the most common of them, its dimensions falling in the middle of the ranges. It has 7 strings in 3 courses.
Sazlar (the plural form of Saz) are assigned the number 321.321-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.
The two soundboard pickups are glued on, foam decouplers in place, and the third pickup hanging through the wheel slot. This will be fished out of the box after finishing and glued to the side of the chanter bridge.
7th May 2017 at the Fair Grounds Race Course (Cultural Exchange Pavilion), New Orleans, USA (on display at instrument seller stall).
The Corneta China (or Trompetica China) is a Cuban Double Reed instrument. It is an adaptation of the Chinese Suona (or Soná) brought to the country by immigrant labourers in the 19th century (some arriving via California) and then played in the Chinese theatres in Havana's Chinatown. It has been taken up by musicians of African descent in the eastern part of the Island in the 1910s-20s, its raucous sound being particularly appropriate for military bands and the comparsas or street carnival ensembles.
Cornetas China are assigned the number 422.111.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or Oboes. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.111 = With cylindrical bore.
422.111.2 = With fingerholes.