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The cura is the smallest member of the bağlama family with the highest pitched sound. The cura is found in nearly every region of Turkey under a variety of names, including dede sazi, parmak cura, and üç telli cura. from Wikipedia
2nd February 2017 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1.
The Lafta (or Lavta) is a Turksh fretted Lute which resembles a small Oud with a longer neck. In Greece it is known as the Politiko Laouto or Constantinople Lute. The instrument has 7 strings in 4 courses. The modern version of the instrument owes much to a redesign by Cemil Bey at the end of the 19th century.
This instrument was made by Dimitris Rapakousios of Athens, Greece.
Laftas are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Ophicleide is part of a keyed Bugle family invented by French instrument maker Jean Hilaire Asté in 1817. The name comes from the Greek words for "serpent" and "keys". It originally had nine keys, whch was later expanded to up to twelve. The instrument replaced the Serpent, becoming a key part of the brass section of the orchestras in the Romantic era. In turn its place was taken by the Tuba in orchestras and the Euphonium in bands. By the end of 19th century the Ophicleide had disappeared.
The instrument in the centre of the photo was made in 1849-58 by Charles Pace in London. It has eleven keys.
Ophicleides are assigned the number 423.213 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.21 = Trumpets with Fingerholes.
423.213 = With Wider Conicial Bore.
8th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Bentside Spinet is small Harpsichord with an approximately triangular shape. The side on the right has a double curve toward the right rear corner (hence the name of the instrument). It is distinguished from the Harpsichord in that the strings and spine run transversely to the player and are not parallel to the key levers. The Bentside Spinet originated in Italy but was most popular elsewhere, particularly England.
This instrument was made in 1768 by John Crang in London.
Bentside Spinets are assigned the number 314.122-6-8 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-6-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by plectrum and keyboard.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Shakujo is the Japanese name for the Buddhist pilgrim's staff, also found in India, China, Tibet and other Asian countries. It consists of a metal loop (or several loops) with a number of rings interlocking the loop. It is mounted to the end of a staff or a hand-held stick, and makes a noise when shaken. Originally used by itinerant monks to announce their presence and for self defence, it became a rhythmic instrument during chanting and recitation.
This instrument was made in Nagoya, Japan around 1900.
Shakujos are assigned the number 112.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.12 = Frame Rattle. Rattling objects are attached to a carrier against which they strike.
22nd June 2016 at the Jamboree, London E1 ("Far from Home " concert, Rebetico Carnival).
The Politiki lyra (or Constantinople lyra is a 3 string bowed instrument with a pear-shaped body. It is played in Turkey as well as Greece, particularly in classical Ottoman music. There it is known as Klasik Kemençe to distinguish it from the Kemençe of the Black Sea (known to the Greeks as the Pontic Lyra) which has a longer and narrower body. Like other Lyras it is played with the base resting on the knee of the musician knee if seated or held in front of the player when standing.
Politiki Lyras are assigned the number 321.321-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-7 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bowing.
321.321-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
28th August 2015 at Queen Elizabeth Hall (Front Room), London SE1 (Monsalve y los Forajidos gig).
The Ebow (originally Energy Bow) is a hand held electronic bow used to obtain effects from string instruments. It is held in the pick hand and creates a magnetic field which causes the nearest string to vibrate. Amongst the effects is the slow volume build up, and the sound can mimic that of violins and other instruments. After years of development the device was first marketed in 1976 in California, and the first customer was Jerry Garcia.
8th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Crystallophone is a musical instrument that produces sound from glass.One variant is a form of glass xylophones, sometimes called a Harmonicon, consisting of a wooden box containing rows of glass objects which are played with a pair of mallets.
This instrument was made in France around 1820. It has a trapezoid-shaped chinoiserie wooden box with two row of thin plates of glass (24 of which survive with others missing) and bamboo beaters with a cork head edged with a strip of red felt.
Crystallophones are assigned the number 111.222 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.22 = Percussion plaques.
111.222 = Sets of percussion plaques.
We have many musical instruments in our home, but for this category I knew it had to be a picture of our weirdest-the Pianoette. It cracks me up that it has the price ($28.50) as part of its label. I'm not sure how old this is.
22nd January 2015 at the Royal Concert Hall (Strathclyde Suite), Glasgow (Trio Konogan supporting Angus Nicolson).
The Mandola is part of the Mandolin family. The instrument tuned an octave below the Mandolin is called an [Octave] Mandola in Europe and an Octave Mandolin in North America. The latter reserve the term Mandola for an instrument tuned a fifth below a Mandolin, which the former call a Tenor Mandolin. The Octave instrument is larger than the Tenor one - with a scale length of around 50-58 cm (20-23”) compared to 40-42 cm (17-18”).
Octave Mandolins/Mandolas are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
28th January 2017 at Grand Hall, City Halls, Glasgow (Renata Rosa gig).
The Reco-reco is a Brazilian scraper played in Samba and Afro-Brazilian musical styles, related to the Güiro and Guacharaca and similar instruments found on the continent. Traditionally it consisted of a cylinder of bamboo with notches on one side, scratched with a wooden stick, making a sound like a croaking frog. More recently it is made of several metal cylinders with springs attached and played with a metal stick, with a the sound box below which has a hole on the bottom that can covered with the hand. This results in a much louder and more varied sound.
Reco-recos are assigned the number 112.22 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.2 = Scraped Idiophones.The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts.
112.22 = Scraped tubes.
My key slotting router jig in action. In theory I can rout key slots for three entire keyboxes at once with this. It certainly works great doing both sides of one keybox; that's what I did today.
from: How to Listen to Music: Hints and Suggestions to Untaught Lovers of the Art by Henry Edward Krehbiel
Charles Scribner's Sons, New York: 1897.
20th January 2017 at the Royal Native Oyster Stores, Whitstable.
The Guitar was developed across Europe from the 12th century onwards. They usually have six strings. Their vibration is transmitted to the body of the Guitar via a sound board. Air inside the body vibrates and increases the sound.
This instrument was made by Gibson guitar and is I think a J45 (which was first produced in 1942 and Gellert owns one from 1946).
Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
11th October 2015 at the Old Rose & Crown, London E17 (floorstop at Melrose Quartet gig).
The Kazoo is a metal or plastic instrument tube containg a wax paper membrane whch vibrates when the player hums into the larger end hole. It was invented in the USA in the 19th century based on traditionsal African instruments, and is played in jug bands, vaudeville music and early Jazz.
The instrument in the photo is being played in a holder round the neck of the musician, usually used for a harmonica.
Kazoos are assigned the number 242 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
24 = Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane.
242 = Tube or vessel-kazoos. Instruments in which the membrane is placed in a box, tube or other container.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Cornett (Or Cornetto or Zink) was a popular instrument in Europe fron the Medieval to the Baroque eras. It was made of wood and covered in leather, with a horn or ivory mouthpiece. There are six fingerholers and a thumbhole.
The instrument on the left was made in Italy circa 1580 and is constructed from ivory. The instrument on the right was made in the late 17th or early 18th century and is constructed from stained wood, possibly maple.
Cornetts are assigned the number 423.212 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.21 = Trumpets with Fingerholes.
423.212 = With Narrow Conicial Bore.
24th May 2016 at the V&A ("Musical Wonders of India" Exhibition in South Asian gallery), London SW7.
The Saranda (or Sarinda) is an Indian bowed instrument closely related to the Sarangi, but with parchment covering only half of the belly, the remainder being left open. It has 3 or 4 gut strings and sympatheric strings.
This instrument was made in the 19th century and aquired in Amritsar, Punjab. The inlaid ivory work is typical of the Hoshiarpur district to the east on the city. As well as 4 gut strings there are 18 sympathetic wire strings. Which means a total of 22 tuning pegs.
Sarandas are assigned the number 321.321-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-71 = Instruments where the strings vibrated using a bow.
28th August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Fife is a small (about 40 cm) and narrow transverse flute with six fingerholes and usualy made of wood. It has a cylindrical bore and no keys (though versions exist which have a conical bore or keys). Its high pitch and shrill tone distingush the Fife from Concert (Boehm) Flutes.
The bottom two instruments were made in the 1820s in London (the upper one by John Cotton). Both are in a B♭ and have one brass key.
Fifes are assigned the number 421.121.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.1 = Flutes without a Duct. The player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips.
421.12 = Side-Blown Flutes. The player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube.
421.121 = Single Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.1 = Open Side-Blown Flutes.
421.121.12 = With Fingerholes.
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Flabiol (or Flaviol) is a small (around 25 cm in length) Catalan flute. It has 5 or 6 holes and in Cobla ensembles is played with one hand (a Tambori drum is struck with the other hand).
This instrument was made around 1950.
Flabiols are assigned the number 421.221.12 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
421 = Edge-Blown Flutes. A narrow stream of air is directed against an edge.
421.2 = Flutes with a Duct. A narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice.
421.22 = Flutes with an Internal Duct. The duct is inside the tube.
421.221. = Single Flutes with an Internal Duct.
421.221.1 = Open Flutes with an Internal Duct
421.221.12 = With Fingerholes.
This is a modern clone of the Hurdy Gurdy that is under glass & far too fragile to handle.
This instrument plays albeit a tiny bit out of tune. Awkward as hell to handle.
Visited the Cantos foundation museum of electronic instruments and keyboards in February 2009 and got a lovely tour of the facilities. Took a lot of pictures & videos.
21st August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Cor Anglais (or English Horn) is part of the Oboe family, approximately one and a half times the length of an Oboe and pitched a fifth lower. It has a pear shaped bell. The instrument originated in Silesia in the early 18th century when a bulb bell was fitted to a curved oboe da caccia-type body. Therefore it has nothing to do with England. The name enabled the English to distinguish it from what they called the French Horn.
This instrument was made around 1840 by Frédéric Triébert in Paris. It has 10 keys.
Cor Anglais are assigned the number 422.112-71 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or Oboes. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112-71 = With Keys.
19th October 2012 at the County Arms, London SW18 (Funi gig).
The Kantele is a Finnish zither, and has become the national instrument. Simllar . instruments are found in many other countries bearing different names. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, and Belarus are sometimes given the collective name of Baltic psaltery. The first Kanteles had 5 or 6 strings. Today they can have 10 to 15, with concert versions of the instrument up to 40.
The instrument in the photo is a 10 string version built by Michael King from Cheltenham.
Kanteles are assigned the number 314.122-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-5 = Strings are caused to vibrate by bare hands.
26th January 2018 at Drygate Brewery, Glasgow (Torupilli Jussi gig).
The Torupill is an Estonian Bagpipe (toru means pipe, pill is a musical instrument) They have a bag, blow pipe, chanter and one or two or occasionally three drones. Bagpipes were introduced to the country from either Germany or Sweden. Torupilli were first mentioned in the 16th century, and were a highly popular musical instrument until the middle of the 19th century, but then gradually fell out of use.
This instrument has three drones which line up horizontally from the bottom of a long thin bag.
Torupilli are assigned the number 422.211-62 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422.2 = Single Reed Instruments. The pipe has a single 'reed' consisting of a percussion lamella.
422.21 = Single clarinets.
422.211 = With cylindrical bore.
422.211-62 = With Flexible Air Reservoir.
23rd (or rather early hours of 24th) January 2016 at Drygate Brewery, Glasgow (duo with Béla Fleck).
The Cello Banjo is tuned one octave below the tenor banjo like the cello and mandocello. It was originally played in the Banjo Orchestras of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
This is a Gold Tone CEB-5 which is a modern reinvention of the instrument. Introduced around 2009, it has a 14" pot and a 24¾ inch scale.
Cello Banjos are assigned the number 321.312-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator.
321.312 = Spike Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.312-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
I like me a good hunk of wood...
Only trouble is it goes out of tune as you go up the neck and.. slightly more importantly.. the electronics are no longer working
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Ektara (or Gopi or Gopi Yantra) is a Bengali instrument with one string and a cylindrical wooden resonator.
This instrument was made in India in the second half of the 20th century.
Gopis are assigned the number 321.311 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.31 = Spike Lutes. Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator
24th September 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The use of Spoons as a musical instrument was probably foreshadowed by the similar use of two animal bones.
This instrument was made in Quebec, Canada in 1992. It is an example of Spoons which were spccifically produced to be used as a musical instrument rather than using the regular household utensils. It is carved from a single piece of Canadian hardwood, with the one handle for both spoons.
Spoons are assigned the number 111.14 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.1 = Concussion Idiophones or clappers. Two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other.
111.14 = Concussion vessels or vessel clappers.
13th August 2021 at Glengall Wharf Garden, London SE15.
Chime Bars consist of a tuned metal bars mounted on wooden resonators, usually placed on a flat surface and played with mallets. It iis similar to the Glockenspiel, but is made up of individual bars.
Chime Bars are assigned the number 111.212 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.21 = Percussion sticks.
111.212 = Sets of percussion sticks.
21st October 2016 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (Namlo gig).
The Tungna is a four string plucked Lute originally played by shepherds of the Himalayan regions.. It is carved from a single piece of wood which is hollowed out and the neck covered by a thin piece of wood and the bowl by thick skin. The soundhole is at the back.
Tungnas are assigned the number 321.321-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-5 = Strings vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
21st August 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Saxhorn is a valved brass instruments with a conical bore and deep cup-shaped mouthpiece. It is played with the bell facing upwards rather than forwards. The Saxhorn was patented by Adolphe Sax in Paris in the 1840s, though he continued to develop it for years afterwards. There have been up to 10 different members of a family of instruments, and confusingly over the years the same description has been applied to ones with different pitches. The most common names are the Alto, Tenor, Baritone, Bass and Contrabass.
This instrument was made around 1850, by Adolphe Sax and distributed by the Distin family of London. It is a Tenor Saxhorn in E♭.
Saxhorns are assigned the number 423.232 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.2 = Chromatic Trumpet. The pitch of the instrument can be altered mechanically.
423.23 = Trumpets with Valves. The pitch can be changed by connecting or disconnecting auxiliary lengths of tube.
423.232 = With Semi-Conical Bore.
16th June 2012 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (London Lucumi Choir gig).
The Chekere was imported to Cuba from African (where it is called a Shekere) and then spread around South America. It consistas of a large, hollow gourd surrounded by a network of cords, to which many coloured beads are attached. Similar instruments in Brazil are called a Xequerê or Afoxé (depending on their size).
Chekeres are assigned the number 112.13 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
112 = Indirectly Struck Idiophones. The player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
112.1 = Shaken Idiophones. The player makes a shaking motion.
112.13 = Vessel rattle. Rattling objects enclosed in a vessel strike against each other or against the walls of the vessel, or usually against both.
Note: While the rattling objects are not enclosed in the vessel, Chekeres are usually inclyded in this category]