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in this view you can see the two levels of the layout, I hope to have track on the roadbed on the lower level in time for this weekends open house
My first plot of Endor ground - mere 6 baseplates. Building a realistic forest plates requires crazy numbers of green elements, but also lots and lots of 'filling' - bricks of insignificant color or shape. I never expected I would find a good use for kilograms of dirt-cheap, dirty and scratched second-hand bricks I had bought couple of years ago :) . But guess what - now I need more.
Desert View Watchtower Level 2 murals before the start of conservation work, July 23, 2015. NPS Photo by Michael Quinn
Grand Canyon National Park is working with area tribes and art experts to restore the Fred Kabotie murals and the rock art images, painted by Fred Geary, which have been damaged by water. The first phase of the project is being funded through a grant from American Express obtained by Grand Canyon Association.This grant will help with the evaluation, documentation and testing process that is a critical component of all historic preservation projects. The park intends to preserve the murals while remaining true to Mary Colter’s design. Over the next year, a conservation specialist will analyze and restore the murals with the help of students participating in an intern training program.
On January 1, 2015, the Watchtower was purchased from the concessionaire managing it and designated a National Park Service building. NPS plans to return the Watchtower to its intended purpose, as a tribute to the Native American tribes who have cultural ties to Grand Canyon. The park is moving forward with plans to restore the tower to reflect Mary Colter’s original vision for the building.Visitors first enter through the large, open Kiva Room. Until recently, this room was filled to capacity with a large gift shop. The gift shop has since been removed from the rotunda and reduced to a much smaller footprint. The new Grand Canyon Association Park Store fits into the original space Colter envisioned for a gift shop: a corner off to the side of the rotunda. All the proceeds support the park.
Originally the Watchtower was designed as a space where visitors could see Native American craft demonstrations by weavers and basket makers. The park will bring Native American artists back into the space to share tribal traditions, dances, songs, skills, art and oral histories with the public. The park is also considering turning the old Desert View visitor center into a Native American cultural center.The transformation of the Watchtower back to its original intent is already proving to be a dramatic experience for visitors and park staff.
Lake Kivu is one of the African Great Lakes. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (RDC) and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, a part of the Great Rift Valley. The lake covers a total surface area of some 2,700 km2 and stands at a height of 1,460 metres above sea level. its maximum depth of 480 m is ranked 15th in the world. The lake is surrounded by mountains.
© Eric Lafforgue
An enjoyable day on the undergrad sea level field trip. Somehow I ended up with a dog at one point - this is proof it didn't eat me!
Sorry Tasha, this had to beat the Extra Tuffs photo!
Tuesday.
was woken just before 5 by the sound of a bin full of empty bottles being poured into a truck. As an alarm clock, I've had better.
Welcome to that London.
I lay in bed for an hour, maybe doze some more, but am up and about by half six, pack my work bag ready to try to find the venue for the course.
I am lucky in that the hotel is a hundred yards from one tube station, go one station east to London Bridge, then take the Northern Line south the Borough, and the venue should be opposite.
I get dressed and go down for breakfast, where I have the usual coffee and fruit followed by two hash browns and two bangers.
Great.
I was pretty certain that the tube was due south, but I thought that the night before. But I was right, I go down to the platform to wait for a train, then squeeze on the go the one stop, then through a maze of tunnels to the southbound Northern Line.
At least the train had room, but no point in sitting as I was on less than two minutes.
I get the lift to street level, then walk south on the High Street until I come to a park. I double track and on the other side is the venue.
I go in, find the classroom and take a seat and wait.
Wait some more.
And then the instructor, Brian, comes in.
And between eight and nine we wait for the others on the course to arrive. Another five people, including another Ian just to confuse matters.
I am here to become an ISO 45001 lead auditor, more stuff to learn and an exam to pass. My head is already full of stuff, where am I supposed to put this stuff?
Anyway, at nine we get started, and the course lasted until nearly half four.
I had forgotten not only my mobile phone but my allergy medicine, so I have to go in search of a chemists first, and that done and my nose had a good double squirt, I could breath again. But I would be dogged by a chesty cough all night.
I walk to Borough Market, through than and under the railway to Clink Street, and from there to the riverside.
There are fine views over the River to St Paul's and the City.
I take shots.
I walk along the river, past The Globe, Tate Modern to Blackfriars Bridge and then up onto the road above and along to the hotel.
Garve Level Crossing on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line and A835 trunk road, with red light enforcement cameras, before the crossing was upgraded with the addition of half-barriers.
Sneak Attack.
Fast. Raw. Classy AF. The Evo 2 is a legendary mix of elite level performance with the truly refined sophistication only MB can deliver. A pinnacle of 90's four door performance with reserved looks and a sophisticated interior, it's the perfect addition to the PYP garage.
I hope you enjoy!
Desert View Watchtower Level 2 murals before the start of conservation work, July 23, 2015. NPS Photo by Michael Quinn
Grand Canyon National Park is working with area tribes and art experts to restore the Fred Kabotie murals and the rock art images, painted by Fred Geary, which have been damaged by water. The first phase of the project is being funded through a grant from American Express obtained by Grand Canyon Association.This grant will help with the evaluation, documentation and testing process that is a critical component of all historic preservation projects. The park intends to preserve the murals while remaining true to Mary Colter’s design. Over the next year, a conservation specialist will analyze and restore the murals with the help of students participating in an intern training program.
On January 1, 2015, the Watchtower was purchased from the concessionaire managing it and designated a National Park Service building. NPS plans to return the Watchtower to its intended purpose, as a tribute to the Native American tribes who have cultural ties to Grand Canyon. The park is moving forward with plans to restore the tower to reflect Mary Colter’s original vision for the building.Visitors first enter through the large, open Kiva Room. Until recently, this room was filled to capacity with a large gift shop. The gift shop has since been removed from the rotunda and reduced to a much smaller footprint. The new Grand Canyon Association Park Store fits into the original space Colter envisioned for a gift shop: a corner off to the side of the rotunda. All the proceeds support the park.
Originally the Watchtower was designed as a space where visitors could see Native American craft demonstrations by weavers and basket makers. The park will bring Native American artists back into the space to share tribal traditions, dances, songs, skills, art and oral histories with the public. The park is also considering turning the old Desert View visitor center into a Native American cultural center.The transformation of the Watchtower back to its original intent is already proving to be a dramatic experience for visitors and park staff.
Bunchrew Level Crossing with automatic half barriers - converted from automatic open crossing (AOCL) to AOCL+B in August 2013.
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Dear MAG members and friends,
We are pleased to provide you with the details for the upcoming badminton
event. Please come and join us to have fun at all levels.
*Timing*
Sunday, *1st May, 2016* from *10.00am to 2.30pm (**10.30am start playing **so
please come 30 mins earlier for registration & briefing)*
Where : *Cen**tre de La Veyre*
*, St-Légier*
*How to get **ther**e*
*Cen**tre de La Veyre*
*Chemin La Veyre 6, 1806 St-Légier *
Tél. 021 921 49 79
By car:
Autoroute A1 (1 hour), exit:
– *Vevey* from Geneva,
For map and directions to get there, click here
*How to find us*
MAG has reserved FOUR badminton courts. At the entrance to the badminton
courts, you will need to register and make payment depending on the
category you choose.
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*Where to park*
Parking is available near the building
*Categories*
a) For “Fun” – *CHF5/person*
b) For “Tournament” – *CHF10/person*
*What to bring*
For “Fun” and “Tournament” - Your badminton racket
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For those who is coming to watch and support, you can dress up like a Pom
Pom girl/boy to support your favorite player(s). Of course you can use your
voice and applause too.
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*What will MAG provide*
Drinks and shuttlecocks
1) Nylon Shuttlecock - for “Fun”
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2) Feather Shuttlecock - for “tournament”
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*Rules (only for tournament)*
1) This category would be mixing Malaysians and Non-Malaysians (males and
females) for doubles matches. Different couples will be formed via a draw
before each game. The *winners* of the game will be mixed with the * losers*
via another draw to form new couples for the next doubles match. The
players who accumulate more victories will go to semifinals and then final.
2) Please note that in order to ensure all players play the matches
*equally* following the rule, it has been decided to have only *MAX
36* subscriptions;
so please enroll yourself as soon as possible *to guarantee a place*!
*Prize*
Only for winners (Tournament)
Please *RSVP by Mon 25th Apr *using the doodle link below. Please use the
same link for voting for the food.
doodle.com/poll/mvr4z26mf7x2s3dk
An example :
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*Food After match*
For those who would like to enjoy sushi after the match are welcomed to
join us for the price of *CHF35/person (menu is fixed)*. Sakura Sushi
restaurant is situated right in front of Vevey train station (beside Hotel
Astra). Please use the above doodle link for subscribing it.
*Take Note : Restaurant’s capacity is limited !!! Only MAX 25 places on a
first come first serve basis!*
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If you encounter any issues filling up doodle, please let us know at
mag.komunikasi@gmail.com and we will see to it.
We are looking forward to seeing you on the badminton courts for another
great get together of the Malaysian community and friends.
What are you waiting for ? Come and show us your talent…..
Yours truly,
MAG
*Email : **mag.komunikasi@gmail.com*
*Website : **www.mag-geneva.org*
*Facebook: **MAG Facebook Page*
"Please write to us if you want to be removed from the mailing list"
Halkirk level crossing in 2014 after it had been upgraded to an automatic half-barrier crossing (ABCL), it was previously an automatic open crossing.
Desert View Watchtower Level 2 murals before the start of conservation work, July 23, 2015. NPS Photo by Michael Quinn
Grand Canyon National Park is working with area tribes and art experts to restore the Fred Kabotie murals and the rock art images, painted by Fred Geary, which have been damaged by water. The first phase of the project is being funded through a grant from American Express obtained by Grand Canyon Association.This grant will help with the evaluation, documentation and testing process that is a critical component of all historic preservation projects. The park intends to preserve the murals while remaining true to Mary Colter’s design. Over the next year, a conservation specialist will analyze and restore the murals with the help of students participating in an intern training program.
On January 1, 2015, the Watchtower was purchased from the concessionaire managing it and designated a National Park Service building. NPS plans to return the Watchtower to its intended purpose, as a tribute to the Native American tribes who have cultural ties to Grand Canyon. The park is moving forward with plans to restore the tower to reflect Mary Colter’s original vision for the building.Visitors first enter through the large, open Kiva Room. Until recently, this room was filled to capacity with a large gift shop. The gift shop has since been removed from the rotunda and reduced to a much smaller footprint. The new Grand Canyon Association Park Store fits into the original space Colter envisioned for a gift shop: a corner off to the side of the rotunda. All the proceeds support the park.
Originally the Watchtower was designed as a space where visitors could see Native American craft demonstrations by weavers and basket makers. The park will bring Native American artists back into the space to share tribal traditions, dances, songs, skills, art and oral histories with the public. The park is also considering turning the old Desert View visitor center into a Native American cultural center.The transformation of the Watchtower back to its original intent is already proving to be a dramatic experience for visitors and park staff.
St. Bees Station, footbridge, level crossing and signalbox on 3 July 2014. NR test train 1Q14, the 09:35 Carlisle High Wapping Sdgs to Barrow in Furness and return - powered by 37601 - awaits a path south.
Acrylic on canvas
This is a dream I have had several times in my life, but I was eight the first time I had it. Just the way I dreamt it was significant, I had it for three days in a row, not as in it repeated the same thing for three days. I fell asleep the first night (as soon as I hit the pillow, I was out which is unusual for me) and I dreamt the first part of the dream, then the second night again I fell asleep immediately, and first it replayed (really fast) the main points of the first part so that I would know it was a continuation, and then went on to the second part of the dream, and on the third night it did it again continuing where the second part had left off. Since then I have had it several times and everytime a different aspect of the dream has been enhanced, developed on. I'm going to recount the dream as well as I can in it's entirety as I have dreamt it thus far, more may follow...
I walk along with a large group of people and everyone is preoccupied with their own thoughts or groups of people. We are all on a "field trip" to an Ancient Temple and somewhere near the front is a teacher/tour guide boredly explaining the mundane facts that they have found about the temple, but where I am his/her voice is barely audible as a monotone drone, and there are hundreds of people in front, beside and behind me. Some of them are engaged in their surroundings, looking with interest at the artifacts along the walls, some are simply following the teacher/guide mindlessly without any real comprehension, others are talking among themselves in various group sizes (from 2 to 6 people). As we all walk along this incredibly wide and long tunnel with its white chalk walls and smell of memories undisturbed for centuries, I notice an opening up above slightly ahead of me and as I become level with it I easily raise myself up through the opening. No one in the crowd notices and the "crowd" me walks on while the conscious part of me explores my new surroundings. When I turn "back" (the opposite way than the crowd below me is traveling) the opening is there and yet not, I walk over it, stepping on it, but don't fall through. But I don't pause to think about that because something else has caught my eye. A few feet from me the passage ends in an alcove; in the alcove are three earthen jars. They are all simply made and undecorated, but the power/energy they radiate is strong. I walk toward them, after briefly looking at them, I reach out my right hand and lightly tap/touch each of them, first the middle, then the one to the right, and lastly the one on the left. As I touch them, each jar lights up as though they were colored glass instead of earthenware, and yet they remain the same... with the glow is a sound, a sort of hummm, simple but all encompassing-- first only the jars vibrate with sound (wish I knew note names, middle, up, down, middle, up, down...) I only touch each jar once but the pattern continues and gradually not only the jar are humming with sound, but the walls are humming (their pattern is slightly different), I turn around and realize that there is a long passage with several ancient things that each glow and hum as I pass them. This passage feels less used, but as I walk along each object adds its own unique tone to the increasingly intricate harmony. They glow purple, yellow, red, purple yellow red...humm, humm, humm... the further I walk the more beautiful and intricate the music becomes: everything, even the dust is vibrating/singing and glowing with ancient power and I add my voice. Then comes a sudden drop, the passage simple ends and the music stops as I stand at the edge looking into an enormous room. Far below me I see the miling crowd from before filling the space, it is a never-ending stream of people, as people leave, more and more enter, listen to the "guide" for a while and move on. The "guide" is standing by an altar of sorts, trying to explain what he/she doesn't understand and no one in the crowd is really listening... A rope appears, or maybe it was always there, leading from my feet to the "altar" (it is more like a fancy railing in the middle of the room, but no one walks to the far side of it) Without any clear plan I step unto the rope, which at first tips me over and I fall back into the crowd me, I don't know how many times, but finally I try again and make it all the way across. I cross to the other side of the altar and the crowd seems to fade as a new environment fills all the space on my side of the altar... It is a space within the temple but also a place all it's own; green hills surround me (but somehow the only thngs that exist are the things I can see) on the nearest hill is a large tree, it is so vividly colored that it looks almost like a cartoon. Under the tree a person is waiting for me; as I come closer she rises easily to her feet and smiles (up until this point in the dream I have been female, but at this point I am male. Throughout the rest of this particular part of the dream my gender changes frequently, and regardless of my gender my companion is the opposite gender, ie if I am female "she" is male, and vice versa. It made sense in the dream) When I reach her she turns and we walk together towards a large river which is now flowing at the foot of the hill. It is deep and wide and incredibly blue; without a word we derobe ourselves and dive into the water. We both swim upstream quickly and with relative ease until we reach a lake, the source of the water. But the source is not a spring welling up from underground, it is a large white tower, with a red roof shaped like an onion, and a spiral going up around it to a small window where all the water pours out and flows down the spiral into the lake which spills over becoming the river. We swim across the lake to the base of the tower, and here we meld into one person. Then we/I begin to swim up the spiral. It would be easier to walk, but I know/intuit that I won't understand the point at the end if I opt for the easy answer. Several times I slip and am carried back, sometimes to the base of the tower, sometimes only a short distance, finally I reach the window, but just as I enter it fades back to the temple. All of it becomes a green sphere of light laying on the alter/railing... The temple vanishes again and something else appears, this time I have to travel through my fears. Hmm, this part came later and I'm not fond of recounting it, but here goes... I wake up in a small gray stone church with a single beautiful stained glass window of a white dove carrying a red, red rose; the stained glass window is the reason I am here, the sunlight spilling through it is beautiful beyond description and I sit and gaze at it for the longest time. I am "only" a very small child, skinny and ragged from a hard life, I have traveled by foot a longer distance than I can remember just to see this window again. This stone building is my sanctuary from the world, here I need nothing and I am safe; until people start to come, lots of people, uninvited people, they enter and look at and touch everythng and they don't even see me, but they are hurting my space with their loud, crass energies and voices, their carelessness. i cry and run away, I want to hide until they have left, so I run into the tower, only the tower is almost completely ruined now, with large gaping holes it sways in the wind and at the top is no sanctuary only more people, strange people who aren't human but something else, I run again, I run outside hoping to find safety in the countryside, but the countryside is gone, filled with more people, people with animal heads and strange leering faces, they lean over me and lurk in shadows, they laugh cruelly and sneer, and speak in voices I don't understand and I scream and can find no way out, then a cave opens before me, a cave that is red as blood with gleaming black stalagmites and stalagtites like teeth, it is like a huge gaping maw and I have no choice but to descend into the depths, and everywhere there are candles burning, all different sizes and shapes, they are peoples lives, when the candle turns out, their life is over... Winged creatures like bats flap around, playing with the lights, sometimes only almost blowing them out, other times snuffing them completely and there are creatures here that catch me and smile like they are friends but then instead they suck my life from me, never enough that I quite die, but enough that I am weak, until finally I come to my candle and see that it has diminished to a faint glow and realize that I have to get out and leave this place before my candle is snuffed into oblivion, where there is darkness, nothing, nothing, nothing... I rest I wait I don't know what for, but then I am back at the church and all the people are gone, save one. He is watching me sleep, and he is smiling. He gives me food and clothes, and I go with him. We travel through countrysides and villages and he teaches me to control my psyche so that I don't have to fear it anymore, until I become stronger than him... I know I am stronger, but I love him so I give it to him, I let him control me. together we have a child, but he will not have it, he will not accept it, he shuns us, and leaves us to die, under an enormous old pine tree I lie with my infant child, my little girl, as the life flows out of us both.
I return to the temple, now there is yellow, orange, red, and blue/indigo next to the green sphere of light. Then there is the ocean; as I stand there I smell the salt, feel the wind and hear the waves breaking on the sand which feels dry and gritty on my bare feet. However, as I walk closer to the ocean I begin to see more in the waves, first they become moving bands of clear water and in them I can see every strand of life, then the bands become light instead of water, different colors of light, the same as the jars glowed, yellow purple red, yellow purple red, I can change it by adding the spheres of light, each sphere first gives a faint image of their lesson, and then adds their color to the ocean of light yellow purple blue green orange red up and down in and out they move and fade and strenghten, until all of them come together into a single white sphere of radiant warm brilliant light, it is bigger than my body, and then it becomes an enormous Conk shell glowing with Energy and Light; I walk toward it and realize that I am no longer wearing the simple white tunic and leggings that hitherto I had been wearing, I am dressed in Light, the same brilliant white light that is emanating from the shell is flowing from me creating raiment that flows and swishes and sways, moving tendrils about me and through me, because it is me. I walk into the conk shell and again I know/intuit that I must be careful and touch only with my feet (or my dress), not my hands, to reach the center. Several times I slip and put out my hand to steady myself and every time I am returned to the outside of the shell. Finally, on my eight try I reach the center, the Source of Light, Creation, Wisdom, Strength, and Love. And entering into it I, myself, become Light and Love, a part of the source and yet still retaining my sense of self. All of this I take with me as I return to the temple once more and must join the people and make my life.
As I wrote before, this dream has come to me several times in my life, sometimes at the beginning of a life lesson, sometimes in the middle, or the end, as if to clarify... I don't know if or when I will dream it again; it feels complete now, but I still have much more life before me in which to learn...
~Ingrid
Mont Blanc (French) or Monte Bianco (Italian), meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps, Western Europe and the European Union. It rises 4,810.45 m (15,782 ft)[2] above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. It is also sometimes known as La Dame blanche (French for "the White Lady") or Il Bianco (Italian for "the White One").
The mountain lies between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Haute-Savoie, France and the location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the Arve Valley in France.
The two most famous towns near Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy, and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France—the site of the first Winter Olympics. A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain from Courmayeur to Chamonix.
Begun in 1957 and completed in 1965, the 11.6 km (7¼ mi) Mont Blanc Tunnel runs beneath the mountain between these two countries and is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes.
The Mont Blanc massif is popular for mountaineering, hiking, skiing and snowboarding.
The summit of Mont Blanc is a thick, perennial ice and snow dome whose thickness varies, so no exact and permanent summit elevation can be determined. But accurate measurements have been made. For a long time its official elevation was 4,807 m (15,771 ft). Then in 2002, the IGN and expert surveyors, with the aid of GPS technology, measured it to be 4,810.40 m (15,782 ft 2 in).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Blanc
The Aiguille du Midi (3,842 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps.
The cable car to the summit, the Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi, was built in 1955 and held the title of the world's highest cable car for about two decades. It still holds the record as the highest vertical ascent cable car in the world, from 1,035 m to 3,842 m. There are two sections: from Chamonix to Plan de l'Aiguille at 2,317 m and then directly, without any support pillar, to the upper station at 3,777 m (the building contains an elevator to the summit). The span of the second section is 2,867 m measured directly, but only 2,500 m measured horizontally. It thus still is the second longest span width, measured directly.
Corpach Level Crossing on the West Highland Line, in 2010 when it was an automatic open crossing (AOCL), it was converted to automatic half-barriers (AOCL+B) in 2013.
Sept. 3, 2015 at St. Mary's Conference Center in Huntington. Fashion show presented by First Impressions School of Modeling, Pageantry, and Etiquette. (Photos provided by First Impressions.)
Yaxham Level Crossing was replaced over 4 days. Here is the finished article on the 3rd October 2011.
HEY FLUIDVILLEEEE 💦 Coming to Level Event Today at 1SLT is the Mariposa Collection! Fatpack comes fully loaded to change your wing options in the back! Super cute and adorable! And super comfy! Rigged for Legacy Male and Female, Reborn, Juicy, Waifu, Mounds, Kupra and Peach! Don’t forget to grab your demo! 😊 THANK YOUU
Panavia Tornado F.3
S/N: ZE961
Red Flag 09-3 (Nellis AFB: Las Vegas, Nevada)
Photo by www.kensaviation.com
Freightliner Jaffa Shed (66413) 'Least We Forget' 4V18 Doncaster Wood Yard Civil Engineer's Sidings to Fairwater Yard.
Desert View Watchtower Level 3 murals before the start of conservation work, July 23, 2015. NPS Photo by Michael Quinn
Grand Canyon National Park is working with area tribes and art experts to restore the Fred Kabotie murals and The rock art images, painted by Fred Geary, which have been damaged by water. The first phase of the project is being funded through a grant from American Express obtained by Grand Canyon Association.This grant will help with the evaluation, documentation and testing process that is a critical component of all historic preservation projects. The park intends to preserve the murals while remaining true to Mary Colter’s design. Over the next year, a conservation specialist will analyze and restore the murals with the help of students participating in an intern training program.
On January 1, 2015, the Watchtower was purchased from the concessionaire managing it and designated a National Park Service building. NPS plans to return the Watchtower to its intended purpose, as a tribute to the Native American tribes who have cultural ties to Grand Canyon. The park is moving forward with plans to restore the tower to reflect Mary Colter’s original vision for the building.Visitors first enter through the large, open Kiva Room. Until recently, this room was filled to capacity with a large gift shop. The gift shop has since been removed from the rotunda and reduced to a much smaller footprint. The new Grand Canyon Association Park Store fits into the original space Colter envisioned for a gift shop: a corner off to the side of the rotunda. All the proceeds support the park.
Originally the Watchtower was designed as a space where visitors could see Native American craft demonstrations by weavers and basket makers. The park will bring Native American artists back into the space to share tribal traditions, dances, songs, skills, art and oral histories with the public. The park is also considering turning the old Desert View visitor center into a Native American cultural center.The transformation of the Watchtower back to its original intent is already proving to be a dramatic experience for visitors and park staff.
Achterneed Level Crossing on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, near Strathpeffer, after the upgrade to add half-barriers (AOCL+B) in November 2013.
Lijiang (Chinese: 丽江), also known as Likiang, is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. It has an area of 21,219 square kilometres and had a population of 1,244,769 at the 2010 census whom 211,151 lived in the built-up area (metro) made up of Gucheng District. Lijiang is famous for its UNESCO Heritage Site, the Old Town of Lijiang.
HISTORY
Lijiang started from the Yuan Dynasty to the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276) and set up the administrative district Lijiang Road. 100,000 years ago, the Lijiang people of the late Paleolithic sapiens were active here. The discovery of cave paintings in the Jinsha River Valley and numerous new stone tools, bronzes and ironsmiths prove that Lijiang is one of the important areas of ancient human activities in southwest China. Lijiang City replaced the former administrative region of Lijiang Naxi Autonomous Prefecture. It was under the rule of the Mu family (木氏) native chieftains during the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.
The Baisha Old Town was the political, commercial and cultural center for the local Naxi people and other ethnic groups for 400 years from the year 658 AD to 1107AD. The Dabaoji Palace of the Baisha Fresco, very close to the Baisha Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute, was built in the year 658 AD in the Tang Dynasty (618 AD to 907 AD).
In ancient times, the Baisha Old Town used to be the center of silk embroidery in the southwest of China and the most important place of the Ancient Southern Silk Road, also called the Ancient Tea and Horse Road or Ancient tea route. The Ancient Southern Silk Road started from Burma, crossed Lijiang, Shangri-La County, Tibet, journeyed through Iran, the Fertile Crescent and ultimately to the Mediterranean Sea.
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
GEOGRAPHY
Lijiang is located in the northwestern portion of Yunnan and borders Sichuan. It is within the region encompassed by the Hengduan Mountains, where the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau converge. It borders Sichuan Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Panzhihua City to the east, and Jianchuan, Heqing and Binchuan three of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in the south. County and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Dayao and Yongren counties, west and north are adjacent to Lanping County of Nujiang Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Weixi County of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The city has a total area of 20,600 square kilometers and governs the ancient city, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng County, Huaping County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County.
CLIMATE
Owing to its low latitude and high elevation, the city centre of Lijiang experiences a mild subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb). Winters are mild and very dry and sunny (>70% possible sunshine), although average lows in December and January are just below the freezing mark; January, the coolest month, with 24-hour average temperature of 6.4 °C. Spring begins early and remains dry and sunny until late May, when there is a dramatic uptick in frequency and amount of rainfall that lasts until late September. Summers are warm, rainy (more so than it is sunny) and damp, with June, the warmest month, averaging 18.6 °C. Autumn sees an abrupt reduction in rainfall and return to sunniness. The annual mean temperature is 12.93 °C, while precipitation averages 980 mm, around 80% of which occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 32% in July to 80% in December, the city receives 2,463 hours of bright sunshine annually.
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
The government of Lijiang City sits in Gucheng District.
LOCALE CULTURE
MINORITY ETHNIC CULTURE
NAXI
The Naxi people have their own language. The Naxi language belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese language branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is roughly divided into two dialects by the Jinsha River. The dialects cannot talk to each other. The standard language of Naxi language is based on the dialect of the western dialect of Naxi language, and the voice of Dayan Town of Lijiang City is the standard sound. In the long history of the Naxi people, there have been Dongbawen and Gobawen characters. "Dongbawen" is a hieroglyph created by the Naxi people more than a thousand years ago (before the Tang Dynasty). It consists of pictographic symbols, phonetic symbols and additional symbols. It is the only living hieroglyph in the world that is still circulating in the folk.The Naxi people generally live in dam areas, river valleys and half-mountain areas. The private housing in the dam area is mostly a tiled house with civil structures. The pattern is mostly "three rooms and one wall", and the mountainous areas are mostly low wooden raft houses, which are covered with wooden boards.The Naxi people love singing and dancing, and there are often mass songs and dances in production labor and national festivals. The "Three Festivals" at the beginning of the lunar calendar in early February is the most traditional festival of the people of Lijiang Naxi.
MOSUO
Mosuo is used to living in the mountains and waters. The houses are all made of wood. The traditional festivals of the Mosuo people include the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Chaoshan Festival, the Ancestor Festival, the Sacrifice God Festival, and the Festival of Land Festival. Among them, the Spring Festival and the Chaoshan Festival are the most solemn. Mosuo people can sing and dance.
YI
The Yi people have a long history, and their ancestors are "Kunming" people who have a relationship with them. They were called "Wu Man" in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The Yi people have their own language and words. The language belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese language branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. There are six dialects. The Xiaoliangshan Yi people belong to the northern dialect Shizha. Originally an ancient ideogram, some people think it is a pictographic syllable. In the history of the Yi people, they wrote historical, literary, astronomical and medical books, religious classics and so on. Most of the Yi villages are surrounded by mountains and waters, and the environment is beautiful. Generally, there are two or 30 households, and three or five households or single households are rare. The people living in Xiaoliangshan are generally low in order to avoid the cold of the mountains. Mostly, it is a timber frame with a multi-column landing structure. The four walls are made of wood or fenced with bamboo and wood. There are many festivals for the Yi people, such as the Lunar Festival, the 15th Festival, the February 8th, and the March 3rd Festival, especially the Torch Festival.
LISU
The Lisu language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Lisu people live in a high-slope area. Due to the influence of the terrain and habits, there are no villages that live in dozens of houses. Generally, there are dozens of households on two or three hills as a village. The villages are far apart, and the houses are mainly wooden rafts. The Lisu people have oral songs and long poems, as well as many myths and legends. Every December, the people of Huaping and other places will hold a grand ceremony to celebrate the "Wide Season" (New Year's Day). There are also the Dragon Boat Festival "Hangshan Festival" and Lixia "Holy Water Festival" in Lijiang Dawn Township.
PUMI
The language of the Pumi people belongs to the Yi language branch of the Tibetan-Burmese language group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The local dialects have little difference and generally can talk to each other. There are no words in the Pumi people. The Pumi people in Ninglang and Muli used to spell the Pumi language in Tibetan language to record historical legends and songs, but they are not popular and are now widely used in Chinese. The Pumi people live in a multi-clan, mostly on the mountainside, and the houses are mostly the layout of the wooden courtyard. The Pumi people have their own unique culture and art. Among them, the myths, legends and stories are the most numerous. The Pumi people can sing and dance. In the event of a wedding or funeral festival, a "song to the song" competition is held. Pumi men also like sports such as shooting, archery, wrestling, and martial arts. The most popular national traditional festival of the Pumi is the "Ohwa Festival" (the New Year) on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In addition, there is the "Turning Sea Festival" on the 15th of the first month, and the "Taste of the New Festival" in the spring and autumn harvest season.
CUISINE
SALAD OF JIDOU PEA JELLY (鸡豆凉粉)
Salad of Jidou pea jelly is a traditional food that Naxi loves. It is produced in Lijiangba and belongs to the yellow bean family. Because it is shaped like a chicken head, it is called chicken pea powder. The beans are milled into vermicelli, the color is gray-green, fried, the salad is very tasty, and the fragrance is delicious. It is a dish on the Naxi table.
LIJIANG BABA (丽江粑粑)
Lijiang Baba is the local fine wheat noodles, plus ham, chemical oil, sugar and other condiments, and mix thoroughly to form a layer. Eat a golden crisp, sweet and delicious, oily but not greasy.
NAXI BARBECUE (纳西烧烤)
Naxi barbecue is a traditional carbace dish popular on Lijiang Tea Horse Road. The main ingredient is pork belly. The skin is golden and crisp, fat but not greasy, thin and not firewood, and the taste is crisp.
CROSSING-THE-BRIDGE NOODLES (过桥米线)
Crossing-the-Bridge Noodles is a rice noodle soup from the Yunnan province, it has over 100 years of history. The dish is served with a large bowl of boiling hot broth and the soup ingredients. The soup is made with chicken, pork bone and seasoning, such as Chinese star anise and ginger.Also, using a layer of chicken fat to insulate the soup and therefore keep it warm for longer.
ERKUAI (饵块)
Erkuai is a type of rice cake, the name literally means "ear piece," a reference to the shape of one of its common forms. It is often served stir-fried with vegetables, and málà sauce, which is a mixture of dried red chilis, Sichuan pepper, and salt.
TRANSPORTATION
AIRPORT
Lijiang Sanyi International Airport(LJG); Lijiang Airport is located in the south of Lijiang city, 28 km away from downtown. There is an airport shuttle bus service in downtown Lijiang. The airport was opened in July 1995 and has flights to Kunming, Chengdu, Xishuangbanna, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Xiamen via Chongqing and Guiyang. It also offers chartered airplane service. There are flights from Kunming to Lijiang every day and is about 30 minutes flight time.
ROAD
G5611 DALI-LIJIANG EXPRESSWAY
There are bus services to, amongst others, Kunming (8 hrs), Dali (3 hrs), the Tiger Leaping Gorge and Shangri-La.
Lijiang has several bridges over the Jinsha River, including the Jinlong Bridge, built in 1936, the oldest over the Yangtze.
RAILWAY
Lijiang is currently the terminus of the Dali–Lijiang railway, which heads south. The Lijiang–Shangri-La railway, currently under construction, will extend this line north to Shangri-La.
There is a train service to Kunming with one overnight and two day trains, and one day train to Dali.
As of early 2019, a high speed train linking Lijiang to Kunming was introduced. Three pairs of high speed trains are operated between Lijiang Railway Station and Kunming Railway Station / Kunming South Railway Station. It takes around 3–3.5 hours to finish the journey and the ticket fare is CNY 197–220 for a second class seat.
There are over 5 pairs of conventional speed trains running between Lijiang and Kunming. The distance is about 517 km, requiring 8.5 – 9.5 hours for a one-way trip. A hard sleeper costs CNY 186.5.
It was reported by CGTN that the high speed train link from Lijiang to Shangri La will be ready by end 2020.
TRAM
Line 1 of Lijiang Tram started construction in October 2019.
MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
OLD TOWN OF LIJIANG
Old Town of Lijiang (丽江古镇) is a national historical and cultural city. It was built in the late Song Dynasty (late 13th century AD). It is located in the middle of Lijiang Dam. It is the most preserved and most Naxi-style ancient town in China. It is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. At an altitude of 2,416 meters, the city covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers. In December 1997, it was included in the “World Cultural Heritage” list by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.
LUGU LAKE
Lugu Lake (泸沽湖) is 2,680 meters above sea level, with an area of more than 50 square kilometers. The average lake depth is 45 meters and the deepest is 93 meters. The lake is clear and blue, with a visibility of 12–14 meters. It is one of the deepest freshwater lakes in China.
JADE DRAGON SNOW MOUNTAIN
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山) is located between 100°4′2”-100°16’30” east longitude and 27°3’2”-27°18’57” north latitude. The scenic area is 415 square kilometers. The main peak fan is 5,596 meters above sea level. It has snow all year round and develops the temperate maritime glaciers closest to the equator in the Eurasian continent. Jade Dragon Snow Mountain is called "Oulu" in Naxi, meaning silvery mountain rock. Its silver-packed, 13 snow peaks are endless, just like a "dragon" flying over the clouds, it is called "Jade Dragon." Because its lithology is mainly limestone and basalt, it is black and white, so it is also called "black and white snow mountain". She is the mountain of the hearts of the Naxi people. It is said that the Naxi people protect the gods of the "three more" incarnation.
THE LAOJUN MOUNTAIN
The Laojun Mountain (老君山) is a combination of the three national-level scenic spots in the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, the Three Rivers Concurrent, and the Cangshan Erhai Lake. It is an important part of the Yulong Snow Mountain Scenic Area. This scenic spot is mainly composed of Laojunshan Jiujiu Longtan, Jinsi Factory Jinshan Yuhu, Dawn Meile Danxia Landform, New Main Natural Alpine Botanical Garden and other areas (attractions), with a total area of 715 square kilometers, which is under planning and development. Ecotourism resort. It echoes with the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and forms the east and west wings of Lijiang's tourism resources.
NEARBY
Some 35 kilometers north of Lijiang is the Baishui Terrace (白水台; bái shuǐ tái; 'White Water Terrace'), an area where spring water flows over a sinter terrace, leaving behind travertine.
Fifteen kilometers north of Lijiang is the village of Baisha, famous for the Baisha Fresco and the Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute. The Fresco was built in the Ming Dynasty 600 years ago, the Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute was built 800 years ago, it is the headquarters of the Naxi embroideries and also, a school for the Naxi embroiderers. There are many Naxi embroidery masters, teachers, students and local farmers there. Their embroidery arts can be found there.
WIKIPEDIA
Secretary of State for Levelling Up @MichaelGove in the North East to see the impact our funding is having.
Stops included the National Horizons Centre @TU_NHC, @TeesworksUK Freeport site and Thornaby-on-Tees. Three locations showing #LevellingUp in action.
Michael Gove tweeted:
"Fantastic to be at the Teesworks site today with @BenHouchen and @JacobYoungMP. Strong local leadership working in partnership with @luhc is providing jobs and investment for the future – a great example of levelling up in action."
Read more on GOV.UK: www.gov.uk/government/news/gove-sees-levelling-up-in-acti...
24 September 2021