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170 107 appraoches Luffenham crossing with its functional relay room cum portacabin and charming, white, pallisade fencing. A ruined windmill can be made out on the hill behind the un-ornate building and was the focus of the shot. CCTV mast removed!
Residencia Quavitae Salita, Engordany, E-E, Andorra city, the center, Andorra, Pyrenees - (c) Lutz Meyer
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We offer 200.000+ photos of Andorra and North of Spain. 20.000+ visable here at Flickr. Its the largest professional image catalog of Andorra: all regions, all cities and villages, all times, all seasons, all weather(s). Consistent for additional advanced programming. For smartphones and web-db. REAL TIME!
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4th APRIL, LONDON - @andres.loeh explains all about how datatype-generic programming in GHC works, and presents several examples of its use, including examples of how it already is successfully being used in some prominent Haskell libraries. See the SkillsCast recording (film, code slides) at: skillsmatter.com/podcast/scala/a-haskell-lecture-with-lea...
4th APRIL, LONDON - @andres.loeh explains all about how datatype-generic programming in GHC works, and presents several examples of its use, including examples of how it already is successfully being used in some prominent Haskell libraries. See the SkillsCast recording (film, code slides) at: skillsmatter.com/podcast/scala/a-haskell-lecture-with-lea...
The three stations on the present Brightline high-speed train service that will link West Palm Beach with Miami have been built to this crisply functional style - a new iteration for the so-called MiMo (Miami Modern) style.
The main goal of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials Soft and Bio Nanomaterials reserach is to develop methods for the assembly of hybrid nanoscale systems from organic and inorganic nanoscale components. Researchers seek to understand the phenomena that drive structure formation and energy-conversion properties of these materials. The approach for system assembly is based on the unique properties of macromolecules, such as the recognition, re-configurability, and reversibility of interactions used to direct and regulate the self-assembly of nano-objects into functional materials with desirable optical, electrical, magnetic and bio-sensing functions.
The Advanced Optical Spectroscopy & Microscopy Facility at Brookhaven's Center for Functional Nanomaterials combines a broad range of instruments suitable for the characterization of optical and optoelectronic properties of hard, soft or biological materials using ultrafast pump-probe and nonlinear spectroscopy and microscopy, including single-molecule microscopy.
LILONGWE - Malawi - Staff Sgt. Amy L. Montgomery, of the 908th Aeromedical Staging Squadron, from Columbus, Ga., Master Sgt. Teresa J. Morgan, dental non-commissioned officer in charge of MEDREACH 11 of the 908th Aeromedical Staging Squadron, from Ariton, Ala., and Col. Sheldon “Shel” Omi, dental officer in charge of MEDREACH 11 and commander of the 302nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron, from Denver, Colo. takes time for a photo before entering the Parnters in Hope Medical Centre.
LILONGWE, Malawi – A busy road. A packed red clay path. School children commuting. Three Airmen helping. This describes an unlikely meeting between three Airmen of the 908th Aeromedical Staging Squadron and the 302nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron and Malawian citizens at the Partners in Hope Medical Centre, nearly 30 minutes from the bustling Lilongwe city center. Together, the Airmen impacted the lives of many Malawian citizens by providing much needed dental treatment.
The Airmen debated over whether or not to cross the road out of concern for causing the children to be late for school, but ultimately decided the opportunity was too good to pass up.
According to Staff Sgt. Amy L. Montgomery, of the 908th Aeromedical Staging Squadron in Montgomery, Ala., there seemed to be a mutual curiosity between both the Airmen and the children.
“When we crossed the road it was just amazing how they approached us and wanted to be right up on us and to have their picture taken,” said Master Sgt. Teresa J. Morgan, a dental non-commissioned officer in charge of the 908th Aeromedical Staging Squadron.
“All the kids came and wanted to be a part of what was happening. They were so happy,” said Col. Sheldon “Shel” Omi, commander of the 302nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron. “It was just amazing because all of us were like magnets. A lot of them just wanted to shake my hand. It was so much fun.”
According to Omi, of Denver, Colo., it was the smiles and laughter from the bustling group Malawian of children that made him smile. Impacted by the reaction of the schoolchildren, he and his teammates crossed the road determined to bring smiles to the lives of others as well.
The Airmen are visiting Malawi as part of a joint humanitarian medical exercise called MEDREACH 11. Taking time out of their already hectic exercise schedules, the team carved out a few hours to help patients at the clinic.
Walking into the clinic lobby, the Airmen were greeted with the songs sung by a mostly Malawian medical staff. Drawn to the gathering, they listened in on a brief meeting led by Partners in Hope Director Dr. Perry Jansen, who says that while funding for his clinic is important, the connection between volunteers and patients is key.
“I think for many Malawians there is not a face or an experience to strengthen the existing connection through the funds received,” said Jansen. “Money is great, but I think that sending people and having people actually meet with Malawians is a great idea. It personalizes the impact that America has in Malawi to individual experiences and I am sure that people will tell of those experiences. I think it’s a very welcomed thing.”
Partners in Hope Medical Centre is a multi-faceted clinic that provides X-ray, ultrasound, laboratory, physical therapy, and dentistry. There is also a HIV clinic that provides medical and dental support patients suffering from HIV at no charge and a private clinic that offers anything except surgery and trauma care at a small fee.
For many Malawians, the ability to see a dentist could mean the difference between living a functional life and being debilitated by constant pain. For the staff at Partners in Hope, Omi and his dental technicians arrived just at the right time.
“If someone has a bad tooth or an infected tooth it could affect their jaw and affect their whole well-being,” said Omi. “They wouldn’t be able to chew, some people can’t sleep at night, and some people can’t go to work because they have a bad tooth. It can really affect their lives.”
While a large part of the treatments focused on cleanings, fillings, and extractions, each patient received an individual assessment from the dental staff to determine the best course of action. Led by Dr. Themba Nyrienda, Omi and his team aimed to care for and help as many people as possible.
“I had a problem with my teeth and one of them had become damaged,” said Dorcus Mnthambala, a local Malawian citizen. “The doctor saved my one tooth and then was able to clean the rest of them. I am happy, so happy.”
The marked appreciation expressed by the patients continually motivated the Air Force providers to do their very best. Thanks to the efforts of the Airmen, Nyrienda said Partners in Hope had never treated that many people in one day.
Staff Sgt. Amy L. Montgomery of Columbus, Ga. wondered if one of her patients was mad because of the dental procedure, but instead was pleasantly surprised to be greeted with a smile.
“One of the patients I had said she was not mad. She was happy,” said Montgomery. “We did something. We actually helped somebody.”
The Airmen walked away at the end of the day with a sense of accomplishment. They represented their fellow Americans well, but more importantly they touched the lives of Malawians and brought smiles to their faces.
“I think this will have a lasting impact on the people’s hearts toward what America is and who we are as Americans.” said Jansen.
Mircea Cotlet, a materials scientist at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials, holds a photodetector—a device that is capable of sensing light—laid on top of a piece of silicon. In recognition of his research on photodetectors and other energy-relevant materials, Battelle recently selected Cotlet as a 2019 Inventor of the Year.
Using state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), researchers at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials take images of specimens that can be as small as a few billionths of a meter in size—so small that their atomic structure and chemistry are revealed. Materials scientists use this information to develop new nanotechnologies and pursue answers to fundamental energy challenges.
But knowledge of a material at the atomic scale isn't easy to come by. In order to yield results, researchers need a well-prepared nanospecimen.
These miniscule bits of material differ widely, and could be composed of photovoltaic material, ceramics, silicon, organic tissue, or one of any number of materials, each yielding unique data. The only thing all of these nanospecimens have in common is the likelihood that Kim Kisslinger (above), a technical associate at Brookhaven, prepared the sample to be picture-perfect no matter what the specifications.
Body Self Perception
Tilt your head forward and take a look at your body. How do you know that this body belongs to you? How do you actually come to perceive this body as part of yourself? This question has been discussed by philosophers and psychologists for centuries but remained outside the scope of experimental investigation. Henrik Ehrsson and colleagues have been addressing this question from a cognitive neuroscience perspective.
About the author: Henrik Ehrsson is a group leader in the Department of Neuroscience at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. He was an HFSP Long-Term Fellow from 2004-2007 in the laboratory of Richard Passingham at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London. In 2007 he moved to Stockholm with an HFSP Career Development Award. He has been successful in obtaining competitive grants such as the Starting Grant from the European Research Council.
The first indication that the self-perception of the body is something that is actually produced by brain comes from the clinical literature. Patients who have suffered from stroke affecting frontal and parietal regions can develop conditions with disturbed perception of their own body. Some of these patients develop a deficit that can take the form of denying or disowning parts of the body. Although these cases indicate that the frontal and parietal association cortices are related to body self-perception they do not pinpoint the specific brain mechanisms involved because typically the lesions are large and affect multiple areas including the underlying white matter tissue.
We have used a classical approach in psychology to investigate body self perception: we studied illusions to learn more about the basic processes that underlie normal perception and combined this with state-of-the-art brain imaging techniques to identify the underlying brain mechanisms in healthy individuals. One particularly informative illusion is the ‘rubber hand illusion’ where people experience that a prosthetic hand is in fact their own hand. When synchronous touches are applied to a rubber hand, in full view, and the real hand, which is hidden behind a screen, most individuals will sense the touches on the rubber hand and experience that the artificial limb is their own. Even more dramatic is the ‘out-of-body’ illusion. In this setup the participants wear a set of head mounted displays in front of their eyes which are connected to two CCTV cameras placed one and a half meters behind them. The two cameras provide a stereoscopic image and the participants, who can thus see themselves from the point of view of the cameras, i.e. from the back. The experimenter then jabs a rod towards a location just below the cameras while simultaneously touching the participant’s chest, which is out-of-view. The visual impressions of a hand approaching a point below the cameras and the felt touches on the chest lead the participants to experience the illusion of being located one and a half meters behind their real body, with loss of self-identification with that body. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that people can perceive an entire artificial body, or another person’s body, as their own. In these experiments the two cameras were attached to a helmet worn by a life-size mannequin (or another individual) and positioned so that they were looking down on the mannequin’s body when it was touched synchronously with the real body (see Figure below).
By clarifying the precise combination of factors that are necessary and sufficient to elicit these changes in body self-perception we can develop models of body self-perception. It turns out that the critical factors are that the information from the eyes, skin and muscles matches both in time and space, that there is an ego-centric visual perspective of the body, and that the object to be owned has a sufficient human-like appearance. We then use these principles to develop testable hypotheses about the neuronal mechanisms of body self-perception.
To this end we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that neuronal substrates of body self perception involve areas in the frontal and parietal lobes that receive convergent visual, tactile, and proprioceptive afferent input, so called multisensory areas. Of particular interest were neuronal populations in the ventral premotor cortex and areas in the intraparietal that integrate visual, tactile and muscle sense information in body-part-centered reference frames in the space near the body. These neurons most probably mediate the perception of a limb as one’s own because our fMRI experiments have found significantly increased activation in these areas when people experience the rubber hand illusion and full-body illusion (see Figure above), and that the activity in this area closely matches the perceptual principles determining these illusions so that the stronger the activity the stronger the illusory self perception.
Taken together these studies represent a major advance in our understanding of the brain mechanisms mediating body self-perception. By applying these principles we can develop new clinical and industrial technologies where the self-perception of the body is deliberately manipulated. For example, one can use the rubber hand illusion to enhance the feeling of ownership of artificial limbs used by amputees, and the projection of ownership onto simulated bodies represents a new direction in virtual reality research which could enhance user control, realism, and the feeling of ‘presence’ in industrial, educational and entertainment applications.
By clarifying the precise combination of factors that are necessary and sufficient to elicit these changes in body self-perception we can develop models of body self-perception. It turns out that the critical factors are that the information from the eyes, skin and muscles matches both in time and space, that there is an ego-centric visual perspective of the body, and that the object to be owned has a sufficient human-like appearance. We then use these principles to develop testable hypotheses about the neuronal mechanisms of body self-perception.
To this end we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that neuronal substrates of body self perception involve areas in the frontal and parietal lobes that receive convergent visual, tactile, and proprioceptive afferent input, so called multisensory areas. Of particular interest were neuronal populations in the ventral premotor cortex and areas in the intraparietal that integrate visual, tactile and muscle sense information in body-part-centered reference frames in the space near the body. These neurons most probably mediate the perception of a limb as one’s own because our fMRI experiments have found significantly increased activation in these areas when people experience the rubber hand illusion and full-body illusion (see Figure above), and that the activity in this area closely matches the perceptual principles determining these illusions so that the stronger the activity the stronger the illusory self perception.
Taken together these studies represent a major advance in our understanding of the brain mechanisms mediating body self-perception. By applying these principles we can develop new clinical and industrial technologies where the self-perception of the body is deliberately manipulated. For example, one can use the rubber hand illusion to enhance the feeling of ownership of artificial limbs used by amputees, and the projection of ownership onto simulated bodies represents a new direction in virtual reality research which could enhance user control, realism, and the feeling of ‘presence’ in industrial, educational and entertainment applications.
By clarifying the precise combination of factors that are necessary and sufficient to elicit these changes in body self-perception we can develop models of body self-perception. It turns out that the critical factors are that the information from the eyes, skin and muscles matches both in time and space, that there is an ego-centric visual perspective of the body, and that the object to be owned has a sufficient human-like appearance. We then use these principles to develop testable hypotheses about the neuronal mechanisms of body self-perception.
To this end we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that neuronal substrates of body self perception involve areas in the frontal and parietal lobes that receive convergent visual, tactile, and proprioceptive afferent input, so called multisensory areas. Of particular interest were neuronal populations in the ventral premotor cortex and areas in the intraparietal that integrate visual, tactile and muscle sense information in body-part-centered reference frames in the space near the body. These neurons most probably mediate the perception of a limb as one’s own because our fMRI experiments have found significantly increased activation in these areas when people experience the rubber hand illusion and full-body illusion (see Figure above), and that the activity in this area closely matches the perceptual principles determining these illusions so that the stronger the activity the stronger the illusory self perception.
Taken together these studies represent a major advance in our understanding of the brain mechanisms mediating body self-perception. By applying these principles we can develop new clinical and industrial technologies where the self-perception of the body is deliberately manipulated. For example, one can use the rubber hand illusion to enhance the feeling of ownership of artificial limbs used by amputees, and the projection of ownership onto simulated bodies represents a new direction in virtual reality research which could enhance user control, realism, and the feeling of ‘presence’ in industrial, educational and entertainment applications.
Key references
Ehrsson HH, Spence C and Passingham RE. 'That's my hand!' Activity in the premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science, (2004) 305:875-877.
Ehrsson HH. The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences. Science (2007), 317:1048
Ehrsson HH, Weich K, Weiskopf N, Dolan RJ and Passingham RE. Threatening a rubber hand that you feel is yours elicits a cortical anxiety response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2007), 104:9828-9833.
Ehrsson HH, Rosén B, Stockselius A, Ragnö C, Köhler P, Lundborg G. Upper limb amputees can be induced to experience a rubber hand as their own. Brain (2008) 131, 3443-3452.
Petkova VI & Ehrsson HH. If I were you: perceptual illusion of body swapping. PLoS One (2008), 3(12):e3832,
Slater M, Perez-Marcos D, Ehrsson HH and Sanchez-Vives MV. Inducing illusory ownership of a virutal body. Frontiers in Neuroscience (2009), 3:214-220
Animal Skin Shoes
Treated skin with holes punched around the edge. Laced with a leather strap to hold the shoe in place around the foot.
Story: These replica shoes are based on some of the earliest shoes ever discovered. In cold countries shoes were made from animal skins to give better protection and keep the feet warm.
Find out more about the origin of shoes on our website.
Rights info: Non commercial use accepted. Please credit to "Northampton Museums & Art Gallery". Please contact Northampton Museums Service if you wish to use this image commercially.
Location of collection: Northampton Museum & Art Gallery www.northampton.gov.uk/museums
Part of: Northampton Shoe Collection
Reference number:
Now in the care of the Minnesota Transportation Museum, Burlington Northern #6008 is an EMD SD7 road switcher locomotive. It was new to the Great Northern Railway in 1952. After BN retired in 1983, 6008 had a second career with Cargill Inc., serving the Litchfield MN elevator for many years before being donated to the Museum in 2017.
Not every invention is perceived as an improvement.
A very brief but enjoyable visit to Paris. Hasselblad + Planar T + HP5+, developed in ID11 1+1 13 minutes.
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A scan of a slide taken in March 1990 at Fishguard Square shows Richards Bros' Willowbrook 001-bodied Bedford SB3 WJO 923K operating the Town Service to the Goodwick area.
The company had a penchant for this chassis and body (and similar Duple Midland) combination, buying both new and second-hand examples:
www.flickr.com/photos/marktriumphman/24967648478/in/photo...
WJO was new to the United Oxford Hospitals, being acquired in 1980 and finally sold for scrap in 1996.
One of the six former Maidstone Duple Dominant-bodied Bedford YRTs is bringing up the rear.
The Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) at Brookhaven National Laboratory photographed with crescent moon. The CFN provides state-of-the-art capabilities for the fabrication and study of nanoscale materials. The overarching scientific theme of the CFN is the development and understanding of nanoscale materials that address the Nation's challenges in energy security, consistent with the Department of Energy mission.