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The Padrão dos Descobrimentos (in English: "Monument of the Discoveries") on the northern bank of the Tejo river (in English: "Tagus river") in the quarter of Belém, with the 25 de Abril Bridge and the Sanctuary of Christ the King monument to the right of it in the distance, Lisbon, Portugal
Some background information:
The Padrão dos Descobrimentos is a monument on the northern bank of the Tejo river estuary, in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém, Lisbon. Located along the river where ships departed to explore and trade with India and the Orient, the monument celebrates the Portuguese Age of Discovery (or "Age of Exploration") during the 15th and 16th centuries.
The monument was conceived in 1939 by Portuguese architect José Ângelo Cottinelli Telmo and sculptor Leopoldo de Almeida, as a temporary beacon during the Portuguese World Exhibition opening in 1940. The Monument to the Discoveries represented a romanticized idealization of the Portuguese exploration that was typical of the Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. It was originally constructed as a temporary construction and its original structure was demolished after the exposition in 1943.
But in 1958, the government promoted the intent to build a permanent Monument of the Discoveries. The new monument was inaugurated in 1960. It was constructed in cement and rose-tinted stone, with 33 statues sculpted from limestone excavated from the region of Sintra. On either side of the slab are ramps with 16 figures that join at the river's edge, with the figure of Henry the Navigator on its edge. The figures represent great people from the Portuguese Age of Discovery, including monarchs, explorers, cartographers, artists, scientists and missionaries. Among them are Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, Pedro Álvares Cabral, Bartolomeu Dias, Pedro Nunes and King Afonso V of Portugal.
Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens). Although the first fortifications on Lisbon's castle hill are known to be no older than the 2nd century BC, recent archaeological finds have shown that Iron Age people already occupied the site from the 8th to 6th centuries BC. The Phoenicians and later the Carthaginians, are said to have called the place Alis Ubbo and used it as the only major natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. There are also evidences that Lisbon once was a Greek city, but its Greek name is unknown.
Under Roman rule, starting around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. In 48 BC, the town was granted Roman municipal rights and subsequently became known as Colonia Felicitas Iulia, growing into a larger town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 AD, barbarian tribes advanced onto the Iberian Peninsula from Gaul. During the late antique migration period, Alans, Suebi, Vandals, and Visigoths tried to occupy Lisbon.
In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. The city, now known as al-Ushbuna, experienced its first major boom. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to seize it. In 844, Vikings ravaged Lisbon and its surroundings.
In the 11th century, Lisbon was part of the Moorish Emirate of the Aftasids from Badajoz. Starting in 1093, Count Raymond of Armous, a younger son of Duke William I of Burgundy, was given rule over Galicia by King Alfonso VI of León. From there, he launched campaigns against the Moors in the south, temporarily managing to occupy Lisbon.
At the beginning of the 11th century, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still under Moorish control. But in 1147, in the course of the so-called Reconquista, the Siege of Lisbon led to the city's final capture by the Portuguese under Alfonso I. In 1255, Lisbon became the capital city of the new Portuguese territory and in 1290, the first Portuguese university was founded in the town. During the last centuries of the Middle Ages, Lisbon expanded substantially and became an important trading post with both Northern European and Mediterranean cities.
When the Spaniards had expelled the Jews from Spanish territory, many of them fled to Lisbon. But even in Portugal they either had to convert to Christianity or leave. In 1506, an anti-semitic movement among the Old Christians of Lisbon culminated in a massacre lasting four days in which some 1,000 to 4,000 New Christian residents, converted descendants of Sephardic Jews, are estimated to have been killed.
Most of the Portuguese expeditions of the Age of Discovery set out from Lisbon during the period from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century, including Vasco da Gama's expedition to India in 1498. In the 16th century, Lisbon’s golden era began: The city was the European hub of commerce between Africa, India, the Far East and later, Brazil, and acquired great riches by exploiting the trade of spices, slaves, sugar, textiles and other goods. This period also saw the rise of the exuberant Manueline style in architecture, which left its mark in many 16th-century monuments, including the Belém Tower and the Jerónimos Monastery.
The succession crisis of 1580 initiated a sixty-year period of dual monarchy in Portugal and Spain under the Spanish Habsburgs. In 1589, Lisbon was the target of an incursion by the English Armada led by Francis Drake. The Portuguese Restoration War, which began with a coup d'état organised by the nobility and bourgeoisie in Lisbon in 1640 amd ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, restored Portuguese independence.
In the early 18th century, gold from Brazil allowed King John V to sponsor the building of several Baroque churches and theatres in the city. Prior to the 18th century, Lisbon had experienced several significant earthquakes: eight in the 14th century, five in the 16th century, and three in the 17th century. But the earthquake of 1755 was the most davastating one. It destroyed 85 percent of the city's structures, including the Ribeira Palace and the hospital Real de Todos os Santos. An an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Lisbon residents of a total population estimated of 200,000 to 275,000 wer killed. And in the coastal areas north of Lisbon even more people were killed by the following tsunami.
This catastrophic event shocked the whole of Europe and left a deep impression on its collective psyche. However, the city was rebuilt quickly and largely according to the plans of prime minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the 1st Marquis of Pombal. He decided to demolish what remained after the earthquake and rebuild the city centre in accordance with principles of modern urban design. It was reconstructed in an open rectangular plan with two great squares: the Praça do Rossio and the Praça do Comércio.
In the first years of the 19th century, Portugal was invaded by the troops of Napoléon Bonaparte, forcing Queen Maria I and Prince-Regent John to flee temporarily to Brazil. By the time the new King John VI returned to Lisbon, many of the buildings and properties were pillaged, sacked or destroyed by the invaders. The development of industry and commerce determined the growth of the city and Lisbon grew farther from the Tejo river.
In 1911, Lisbon refounded its university after centuries of inactivity. In the 20th century, the city was also the site of three revolutions. The first ond of 1910 brought an end to the Portuguese monarchy and established the highly unstable and corrupt Portuguese First Republic. The second one of 1926 ended the first republic and firmly established the Portuguese Second Republic. And the third revolution of 1974, the so-called Carnation Revolution, put an end to the right-wing regime and reformed the country to what it is still today, the Portuguese Third Republic.
Modern Lisbon is the political centre of the country and hosts the government, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court of Justice and the Armed Forces. It is also the residence of the head of state and the centre of Portuguese diplomacy, with ambassadors from 86 countries residing in the city, as well as representations from Taiwan and Palestine. About 2.96 million people, who live in the Lisbon metropolitan area (representing almost 28 % of the Portugal's population), make Lisbon the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula after Madrid and Barcelona.
Nº 264.
Alpine Renault A 310 "Police".
Escala 1/55.
Majorette.
Made in France.
Años 1979-1985 .
-------------------------
Alpine A310
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"The Alpine A310 is a sports car built by French manufacturer Alpine, from 1971 to 1984."
"Dieppe-based Alpine, once an independent company specialising in faster Renaults, later a Renault subsidiary, established a fine competition history with the Alpine A110 winning the 1973 Monte Carlo Rally and World Rally Championship.
The successor was the Alpine A310, initially powered by tuned 17TS/Gordini four-cylinder engine, still rear-mounted. The maximum power reaches 127 PS (93 kW; 125 hp), thanks to the use of two twin-barrel 45 DCOE Weber carburetors.
(...)
"The first model of the A310, built 1971-1976, was a car with a four-cylinder engine and six frontlights.
In 1976 the A310 was restyled by Robert Opron and fitted with the more powerful and newly developed 90-degree 2,664 cc V6 PRV engine, as used in some Renaults, Volvos and Peugeots.
The car was first shown at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. "
(...)
"The A310 had great success in French motorsport as a Group 4 car. In 1977 Guy Frequelin (Alpine Renault A 310-V6) won the French Rally championship."
Production
A310 four-cylinder
1971 120 units
1972 575 units
1973 666 units
1974 344 units
1975 306 units
1976 329 units
TOTAL 2 340 units
A310 V6
1976 140 units
1977 1 220 units
1978 1 216 units
1979 1 381 units
1980 1 138 units
1981 1 284 units
1982 1 095 units
1983 1 139 units
1984 663 units
TOTAL 9 276 units
Strobist info :
2 Flashes
- BackLight:
1 Yongnuo 560 II Zoom 50, Power 1/32 + softbox 50x50
- FrontLight:
1 Yongnuo 560II, Zoom 50 - Power 1/16 + Softbox 50x50 (oriented at 45 ° upward)
All has been triggered by Yongnuo transmitter RF-603C
Abandoned mine workings on Dartmoor. Noticed the darkening sky with front lighting while driving and I was close to this area.
Dried out finally, so naturally I got out on the bike for a few miles. The city seems to have a love/hate relationship with pedestrian bridges. I for one, don't mind them at all. (Yes, that's real blue sky for the first time in 5 days!)
Surly Midnight Special
Nº 264.
Alpine Renault A 310 "SOS Doctor".
Escala 1/55.
Majorette.
Made in France.
Años 1979-1985 .
-------------------------
Alpine A310
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"The Alpine A310 is a sports car built by French manufacturer Alpine, from 1971 to 1984."
"Dieppe-based Alpine, once an independent company specialising in faster Renaults, later a Renault subsidiary, established a fine competition history with the Alpine A110 winning the 1973 Monte Carlo Rally and World Rally Championship.
The successor was the Alpine A310, initially powered by tuned 17TS/Gordini four-cylinder engine, still rear-mounted. The maximum power reaches 127 PS (93 kW; 125 hp), thanks to the use of two twin-barrel 45 DCOE Weber carburetors.
(...)
"The first model of the A310, built 1971-1976, was a car with a four-cylinder engine and six frontlights.
In 1976 the A310 was restyled by Robert Opron and fitted with the more powerful and newly developed 90-degree 2,664 cc V6 PRV engine, as used in some Renaults, Volvos and Peugeots.
The car was first shown at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. "
(...)
"The A310 had great success in French motorsport as a Group 4 car. In 1977 Guy Frequelin (Alpine Renault A 310-V6) won the French Rally championship."
Production
A310 four-cylinder
1971 120 units
1972 575 units
1973 666 units
1974 344 units
1975 306 units
1976 329 units
TOTAL 2 340 units
A310 V6
1976 140 units
1977 1 220 units
1978 1 216 units
1979 1 381 units
1980 1 138 units
1981 1 284 units
1982 1 095 units
1983 1 139 units
1984 663 units
TOTAL 9 276 units
Soooo beautiful light this morning. I stopped here for nearly an hour or so and meet two photographers and made some pictures, with which I am very pleased. This is the first from a little series.
I gave it a little bit of a touch in Aperture (curves, definition and vibrancy) to support that volumetric glowing we had this morning.
Since there was enough light, I should have used a lower ISO but forgot to change that. But the 7D can deal with that quite well.
It's been a long time since i saw an early Honda Accord like this. What i really like about these is the frontlights and the simple design. Looks like a daily driver too, for some reason i have been more lucky to spot rare cars in the winter than in the summer, which i find a little bit strange.
By the way, i spotted another nice oldie today. I will upload that later.
Good for newspapers, fender mount...aaaaand: internal wire routing from Dynohub to Frontlight to Rear Light to charging plug.
Washburn Trail, Joseph D. Grant County Park, Santa Clara County, CA, 5/2/2007
Linhof Master Technika 2000 camera, 120mm Schneider Super-Symmar HM f/5.6 lens, Fujicolor Pro 160S film, 54 megapixels
On this stunningly beautiful spring afternoon I learned that spending time out in the country isn't the same as being in nature. I invited a friend to join me on a visit to Joseph Grant County Park in the hills east of San Jose, CA. My friend is a Sierra Club member and a real nature lover, and so I looked forward to introducing him to one of my favorite parks and its gorgeous scenery. When we arrived the weather was perfect, the rolling hills were covered in lush green springtime grass, and the majestic oak trees stood proud beneath a dramatically clouded sky. To the music of songbirds we started our walk along Washburn Trail past an old barn, breathing fresh air, surrounded by striking country vistas. I found myself becoming intoxicated by the splendor of it all when I noticed that my friend looked more troubled than pleased. I was truly astonished as he complained about the same hillsides I admired, saying they were overgrazed and calling this earthly paradise Cow Plop Park! My friend returned to the car and waited for me as I made this photograph of a group of oaks on a hillside with Mt. Hamilton in the distance. The landscape at Grant County Park is characteristic of the east foothills of the Santa Clara Valley with grasslands and stately oak trees. As part of the park’s tradition and history, cattle grazing takes place in some areas including the hills seen here. Although I was surprised and disappointed by my friend's reaction to this splendid place, I now understand that the countryside here is considered pastoral as opposed to natural. This knowledge has not reduced my enjoyment of the park at all!
Embracing and exploring prog rock inspirations Porcupine Tree, the band from U.K really made a noteworthy show at Olympen in Lund.
I've been excited about this show since it was announced at Mejeriet in February. It got sold out and they moved it to a bigger venue, which was completely new for me. The good thing about Olympen is definitly the photopit. The bad thing was the lack of varaity in the lighting.
Allthought the lighting was decent with nice background lights and frontlight, but it was either blue wash or red wash with small yellow spots in it.
An other thing that bummed me a bit was the time we got to shot the show. It really felt like five minutes or so, but it's maybe just me. But seriously, if the photographers only are allowed to shot for such a short while, they might wanna consider not having a pitch black intro.
Something that also was new for me was that before the concert they announced that NO photos, video/audio-recordings were allowed. Not at all, not even with cellphone cameras. If they discovered someone doing so they would be kicked out and they encouraged the crowd to tell the guards if they saw somebody who took pictures.
This is really rubish I Think. The next thing is probably that the bands will only allow photographers to shot their concerts if they later on give all the image rights to the band and therefore the photographers loose all their possible profit. If this trend continues, shooting concert days are over.