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The Torre de Belém (in English: "Belém Tower") in the city of Lisbon’s district Belém on the northern bank of the Tejo river (in English: "Tagus river"), Lisbon, Portugal
Some background information:
The Torre de Belém, officially the Tower of Saint Vincent, is a 16th-century fortification located in Lisbon that served as a point of embarkation and disembarkation for Portuguese explorers and as a ceremonial gateway to Lisbon. The tower was finished in 1519 and symbolizes Portugal's maritime and colonial power in early modern Europe. It was built during the height of the Portuguese Renaissance, and is a prominent example of the Portuguese Manueline style, but it also incorporates other architectural styles, such as the minarets, which are inspired by Moorish architecture. The structure was built from lioz limestone and is composed of a bastion and a 30-metre (100 feet) four-storey tower.
Since 1983, the tower has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Jerónimos Monastery. It is often portrayed as a symbol of Europe's Age of Discoveries and as a metonym for Portugal or Lisbon, given its landmark status. It has incorrectly been stated that the tower was built in the middle of the Tagus and now sits near the shore because the river was redirected after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. But in fact, the tower was built on a small island in the Tagus river near the Lisbon shore.
With an estimated population of almost 568,000 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within its metropolitan area, Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal. It is mainland Europe's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Situated on the northern shore of the Tejo river near its estuary, Lisbon’s port can be called at by ships of any size.
Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens). Although the first fortifications on Lisbon's castle hill are known to be no older than the 2nd century BC, recent archaeological finds have shown that Iron Age people already occupied the site from the 8th to 6th centuries BC. The Phoenicians and later the Carthaginians, are said to have called the place Alis Ubbo and used it as the only major natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. There are also evidences that Lisbon once was a Greek city, but its Greek name is unknown.
Under Roman rule, starting around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. In 48 BC, the town was granted Roman municipal rights and subsequently became known as Colonia Felicitas Iulia, growing into a larger town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 AD, barbarian tribes advanced onto the Iberian Peninsula from Gaul. During the late antique migration period, Alans, Suebi, Vandals, and Visigoths tried to occupy Lisbon.
In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. The city, now known as al-Ushbuna, experienced its first major boom. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to seize it. In 844, Vikings ravaged Lisbon and its surroundings.
In the 11th century, Lisbon was part of the Moorish Emirate of the Aftasids from Badajoz. Starting in 1093, Count Raymond of Armous, a younger son of Duke William I of Burgundy, was given rule over Galicia by King Alfonso VI of León. From there, he launched campaigns against the Moors in the south, temporarily managing to occupy Lisbon.
At the beginning of the 11th century, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still under Moorish control. But in 1147, in the course of the so-called Reconquista, the Siege of Lisbon led to the city's final capture by the Portuguese under Alfonso I. In 1255, Lisbon became the capital city of the new Portuguese territory and in 1290, the first Portuguese university was founded in the town. During the last centuries of the Middle Ages, Lisbon expanded substantially and became an important trading post with both Northern European and Mediterranean cities.
When the Spaniards had expelled the Jews from Spanish territory, many of them fled to Lisbon. But even in Portugal they either had to convert to Christianity or leave. In 1506, an anti-semitic movement among the Old Christians of Lisbon culminated in a massacre lasting four days in which some 1,000 to 4,000 New Christian residents, converted descendants of Sephardic Jews, are estimated to have been killed.
Most of the Portuguese expeditions of the Age of Discovery set out from Lisbon during the period from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century, including Vasco da Gama's expedition to India in 1498. In the 16th century, Lisbon’s golden era began: The city was the European hub of commerce between Africa, India, the Far East and later, Brazil, and acquired great riches by exploiting the trade of spices, slaves, sugar, textiles and other goods. This period also saw the rise of the exuberant Manueline style in architecture, which left its mark in many 16th-century monuments, including the Belém Tower and the Jerónimos Monastery.
The succession crisis of 1580 initiated a sixty-year period of dual monarchy in Portugal and Spain under the Spanish Habsburgs. In 1589, Lisbon was the target of an incursion by the English Armada led by Francis Drake. The Portuguese Restoration War, which began with a coup d'état organised by the nobility and bourgeoisie in Lisbon in 1640 amd ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, restored Portuguese independence.
In the early 18th century, gold from Brazil allowed King John V to sponsor the building of several Baroque churches and theatres in the city. Prior to the 18th century, Lisbon had experienced several significant earthquakes: eight in the 14th century, five in the 16th century, and three in the 17th century. But the earthquake of 1755 was the most davastating one. It destroyed 85 percent of the city's structures, including the Ribeira Palace and the hospital Real de Todos os Santos. An an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Lisbon residents of a total population estimated of 200,000 to 275,000 wer killed. And in the coastal areas north of Lisbon even more people were killed by the following tsunami.
This catastrophic event shocked the whole of Europe and left a deep impression on its collective psyche. However, the city was rebuilt quickly and largely according to the plans of prime minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the 1st Marquis of Pombal. He decided to demolish what remained after the earthquake and rebuild the city centre in accordance with principles of modern urban design. It was reconstructed in an open rectangular plan with two great squares: the Praça do Rossio and the Praça do Comércio.
In the first years of the 19th century, Portugal was invaded by the troops of Napoléon Bonaparte, forcing Queen Maria I and Prince-Regent John to flee temporarily to Brazil. By the time the new King John VI returned to Lisbon, many of the buildings and properties were pillaged, sacked or destroyed by the invaders. The development of industry and commerce determined the growth of the city and Lisbon grew farther from the Tejo river.
In 1911, Lisbon refounded its university after centuries of inactivity. In the 20th century, the city was also the site of three revolutions. The first ond of 1910 brought an end to the Portuguese monarchy and established the highly unstable and corrupt Portuguese First Republic. The second one of 1926 ended the first republic and firmly established the Portuguese Second Republic. And the third revolution of 1974, the so-called Carnation Revolution, put an end to the right-wing regime and reformed the country to what it is still today, the Portuguese Third Republic.
Modern Lisbon is the political centre of the country and hosts the government, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court of Justice and the Armed Forces. It is also the residence of the head of state and the centre of Portuguese diplomacy, with ambassadors from 86 countries residing in the city, as well as representations from Taiwan and Palestine. About 2.96 million people, who live in the Lisbon metropolitan area (representing almost 28 % of the Portugal's population), make Lisbon the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula after Madrid and Barcelona.
Combino tram 2003 has an experiment with alternate LED-frontlights. This is the first Combino-tram that uses this type of headlights.
These headlights can seen by a large distance.
Combino tram 2003 rijdt als proef rond met LED-koplampen, de verlichting oogt zachter maar kan op grote afstand worden waargenomen.
Nº 264.
Alpine Renault A 310 "Police".
Escala 1/55.
Majorette.
Made in France.
Años 1979-1985 .
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Alpine A310
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"The Alpine A310 is a sports car built by French manufacturer Alpine, from 1971 to 1984."
"Dieppe-based Alpine, once an independent company specialising in faster Renaults, later a Renault subsidiary, established a fine competition history with the Alpine A110 winning the 1973 Monte Carlo Rally and World Rally Championship.
The successor was the Alpine A310, initially powered by tuned 17TS/Gordini four-cylinder engine, still rear-mounted. The maximum power reaches 127 PS (93 kW; 125 hp), thanks to the use of two twin-barrel 45 DCOE Weber carburetors.
(...)
"The first model of the A310, built 1971-1976, was a car with a four-cylinder engine and six frontlights.
In 1976 the A310 was restyled by Robert Opron and fitted with the more powerful and newly developed 90-degree 2,664 cc V6 PRV engine, as used in some Renaults, Volvos and Peugeots.
The car was first shown at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. "
(...)
"The A310 had great success in French motorsport as a Group 4 car. In 1977 Guy Frequelin (Alpine Renault A 310-V6) won the French Rally championship."
Production
A310 four-cylinder
1971 120 units
1972 575 units
1973 666 units
1974 344 units
1975 306 units
1976 329 units
TOTAL 2 340 units
A310 V6
1976 140 units
1977 1 220 units
1978 1 216 units
1979 1 381 units
1980 1 138 units
1981 1 284 units
1982 1 095 units
1983 1 139 units
1984 663 units
TOTAL 9 276 units
The bokeh is pretty non-uniform and the sky turned out to bringht, but I nevertheless quite like this picture despite of its flaws.
Embracing and exploring prog rock inspirations Porcupine Tree, the band from U.K really made a noteworthy show at Olympen in Lund.
I've been excited about this show since it was announced at Mejeriet in February. It got sold out and they moved it to a bigger venue, which was completely new for me. The good thing about Olympen is definitly the photopit. The bad thing was the lack of varaity in the lighting.
Allthought the lighting was decent with nice background lights and frontlight, but it was either blue wash or red wash with small yellow spots in it.
An other thing that bummed me a bit was the time we got to shot the show. It really felt like five minutes or so, but it's maybe just me. But seriously, if the photographers only are allowed to shot for such a short while, they might wanna consider not having a pitch black intro.
Something that also was new for me was that before the concert they announced that NO photos, video/audio-recordings were allowed. Not at all, not even with cellphone cameras. If they discovered someone doing so they would be kicked out and they encouraged the crowd to tell the guards if they saw somebody who took pictures.
This is really rubish I Think. The next thing is probably that the bands will only allow photographers to shot their concerts if they later on give all the image rights to the band and therefore the photographers loose all their possible profit. If this trend continues, shooting concert days are over.
Das Pendant zu "SunLight - Filigree Nature".
Fotografiert in der Dämmerung - mit meinem heiß geliebten Ringlicht, welches auf meinen Fototouren unverzichtbar geworden ist...
With a set of ex British Rail Mark 2 coaches in tow, Kiwi Rail DC Class DC4916 awaits departure from Britomart with a Southern Line service to Pukekohe on 01.02.2011.
#Lightpainting
Model: Marie
Backlight: Pala
Frontlight: Me
0% photoshop, edit >> Lightroom for crop / contrast
Lens: Tokina Rmc 28mm f2.8 at f5.6
Edited in Lightroom using the preset "Seim effects - Golden sun"
Don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission. © 2012 Johannes Mayer, All rights reserved.
Il mio primo lavoro ''coscientemente artistico'', datato 16 Ottobre 2001. Era un venerdì pomeriggio ed ero a Jesolo (VE), in prossimità del faro. Si tratta del mio primo controluce, realizzato con la storica e fedele compatta analogica Nikon W35. Pellicola 100 ISO.
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my photoblog: l'immobile incanto
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Felicidad
Olympus E-3
ZD 50-200mm f/2.8-3.5 ED SWD
Aperture Priority Mode
f/11
ISO 100
123mm
1/200
Metering: Spot
White Balance: Cloudy
No Photoshop
No HDR
frontlightscenery at Place de la Concorde, Paris:
fountain "Strasbourg", Eiffeltower, Obelisque,Candelabres
Jachenau ist eine Gemeinde im oberbayerischen Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen. Als "die Jachenau" wird auch das 15 km lange, idyllische Wald- und Wiesental der Jachen bezeichnet, das sich von West nach Ost erstreckt und in dem der Ort liegt.
Auf Grund der West-Ost-Ausrichtung hat das 15 km lange Jachental im Sommer vom frühen Morgen bis zum späten Abend durchgehend Sonne. Deshalb bezeichnet sich auch heute die Jachenau als „Sonnental“.
Doch wird das Tal auf beiden Seiten durch Bergrücken begrenzt, die im Norden mit der Benediktenwand bis an 1800 m reichen und im Süden zwischen Staffel (Berg) und Wilfetsberg bei 1500 m und 1400 m Höhe liegen. Der südliche Rücken ist die Ursache für die „Schattenhöfe“, die im Winter, aufgrund der flach stehenden Sonne, mehr als zwei Monate lang keinen Sonnenstrahl sehen.
Nach der Gemeindegebietsreform von 1975 ist Jachenau mit 871 Einwohnern nach der Bevölkerungszahl die kleinste Gemeinde mit eigener Verwaltung in Bayern. Mit 7 Einwohnern je km² ist sie zudem die am dünnsten besiedelte Gemeinde in Bayern.
Motorwagen 9924 is een van de Braine le Compte tweeassers van de NMVB die over een kopdeur beschikt. Naast de deur bevinden zich twee drie hoekige ijzers waar de ontvanger houvast aan kan vinden bij het overstappen van motor- naar aanhangrijtuig. Links op het front is het voor de groep Henegouwen karakteristieke kleine als olielamp uitgevoerde sluitlicht aangebracht. Aan de drie beugels op de rechter kant van het front kan de brievenbus bevestigd worden. Het cijfer 2 heeft een bijzondere typografie met een kenmerkende gesloten krul.
Meer afbeeldingen van de museumtramlijn van de ASVI vindt u in de set "Buurtspoor idylle".
Klik op de foto voor een grote afbeelding.
Bekijk mijn fotoalbum in de klassieke versie.
Join my car pics page on facebook!
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Dieppe-based Alpine, once an independent company specialising in faster Renaults, later a Renault subsidiary, established a fine competition history with the Alpine A110 winning the 1973 Monte Carlo Rally and World Rally Championship. The successor was the Alpine A310, initially powered by tuned 17TS/Gordini four-cylinder engine, still rear-mounted. The maximum power reaching 127 PS (93 kW; 125 hp), thanks to the use of 2 twin-barrel 45 DCOE Weber carburetors.
The first model of the A310, built 1971-1976, was a car with a four-cylinder engine and six frontlights. In 1976 the A310 was restyled by Robert Opron and fitted with the more powerful and newly developed 90-degree 2,664 cc V6 PRV engine, as used in some Renaults, Volvos and Peugeots.
(Wikipedia)
The ladder is for the rescue of persons who felt through ice.
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Fast sieht es ja so aus, als ob das Paar die höchste Stufe der Zweisamkeit erreicht hätte... aber die Leiter liegt da, um im Eis eingebrochene Personen zu retten. Natürlich ist der Kirchsee nicht begehbar und wird es in diesem Winter auch nicht mehr werden.