Exploit photos on Flickr

- available options: ungainly add-on fiberglass "humps" front and rear for traffic protection, extra carrying capacity, and "fins" at the rear to protect from parking lot mishaps

Yes sir [portrait #26] by ph.p.ph. © Paolo Paccagnella

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Thanks for the visit, comments and favourites.

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All of my works are owned and copyrighted . ©

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i will wait for you forever by maviephotography

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Exploiting the sunset’s last light.

October, 2013

Curiosity (2) by Sophie Balcombe

27 1

More and more people are realising these days that cows are not just commodities to be exploited for food. No human needs animal products to survive, no matter what you believe about protein and iron. It's all crap. Cows are individuals, they are social, maternal, intelligent, and have just as much a will to live as you do. Exploiting them unnecessarily is cruel and inhumane, no matter how quick the death or how happy their lives were. We all have the responsibility to make the decision to step away from animal exploitation by adopting a vegan lifestyle. It really is the least we can do.

Palmier de glace by Patrick BOUCHENARD

20 8

"Ice palm"

Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21

The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved

House Sparrows at Spurn, Yorkshire by Saffy H

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www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a...

Key information

Noisy and gregarious, these cheerful exploiters of man's rubbish and wastefulness have managed to colonise most of the world. The ultimate avian opportunist perhaps. Monitoring suggests a severe decline in the UK house sparrow population, recently estimated as dropping by 71 per cent between 1977 and 2008 with substantial declines in both rural and urban populations. While the decline in England continues, Breeding Bird Survey data indicate recent population increases in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

What they eat:

Seeds and scraps.

Measurements:

Length:14-15cm

Wingspan:21-25.5cm

Weight:24-38g

Population:

UK breeding:5,300,000 pairs

Where and when to see them

House sparrows can be found from the centre of cities to the farmland of the countryside, they feed and breed near to people. It is a species vanishing from the centre of many cities, but is not uncommon in most towns and villages. It is absent from parts of the Scottish Highlands and is thinly distributed in most upland areas.

Breeding

House sparrows usually nest in loose colonies and since they don't defend a proper territory, nests can be as little as 20-30 cm apart.

How house sparrows nest

Nests are often placed in holes and crevices within buildings and they will readily use nestboxes. Free-standing nests are also frequently built, in creepers against walls and in thick hedges or conifers.

Pairs often remain faithful to their nest site and to each other for life, although a lost mate of either sex is normally replaced within days. A hole is filled with dry grass or straw with a nesting chamber lined with feathers, hairs, string and paper. Feathers may be plucked from a live pigeon!

The main nesting season is from April to August, although nesting has been recorded in all months. Most birds lay two or three clutches, but in a good year fourth attempts are not uncommon.

About house sparrow chicks

The female lays two to five eggs at daily intervals and often starts to incubate part way through egg-laying. Both sexes incubate, and the chicks hatch after 11-14 days. The parents share nesting duties equally. Chicks are brooded for 6-8 days, but can control their own body temperature only when 10 or 11 days old.

The youngsters are fed on a variety of invertebrates, including aphids, caterpillars, beetles and grasshoppers. Seeds and vegetable matter are also given, particularly during periods when invertebrates are scarce (e.g. cold weather) and become more important after the chicks leave the nest.

The young fledge 14-16 days after hatching. They are unable to feed themselves for about a week after leaving the nest and are cared for by their parents for around a fortnight. Post-fledging care is frequently left to the male as the hen prepares for the next brood. She can begin laying her next clutch of eggs within days of the previous brood leaving the nest.

Newly independent young often gather in large flocks, anywhere there is an abundance of seed, invertebrates and other suitable foods. These may be areas of wasteland or around garden feeding sites. Later, rural flocks may move on to grainfields to feed on the ripening grain, often joined by adult birds, once they have finished nesting. Flocks tend to break up through the autumn and birds return to their nesting colony sites.

Population trends

The house sparrow is common through most of its world range, and can tolerate a wide variety of climates.

The recent decline of house sparrows

UK house sparrow populations have fluctuated greatly over the centuries, with a gradual decline during the last 100 years.

Causes for the rapid recent declines, particularly in urban and suburban environments, remain largely undetermined, although research is underway that aims to establish the cause(s), and develop conservation solutions.

Declines in rural house sparrow populations are thought to be linked to changes in agricultural practices, particularly the loss of winter stubbles and improved hygiene measures around grain stores.

House sparrow numbers were not monitored adequately before the mid-1970s. Since then, numbers in rural England have nearly halved while numbers in towns and cities have declined by 60 per cent. Because of these large population declines, the house sparrow is now red-listed as a species of high conservation concern.

Relations with humans and other animals

People have a love-hate relationship with the house sparrow. However, control attempts have failed to limit the sparrows numbers and range.

Their relationship with humans

People have a love-hate relationship with the house sparrow. For many they are the most familiar of wild animals, bringing life to city centres and other man-made places, bereft of wildlife.

The house sparrows partiality to grain crops and the damage and destruction this caused resulted in attempts to control their numbers. From the mid-18th century most parishes had sparrow clubs with the sole objective to destroy as many sparrows as possible. Bounties were paid for sparrows until the late 19th century, when it was accepted that the control measures did not work. Similar failures were recorded in a number of other European countries.

Ironically, as people in Europe were paid to kill sparrows as pests, others deliberately introduced them to places as far apart as Australia and New York. Initially they were welcomed, although later appreciation turned to serious concern for the impact on crops. By then sparrows had become well established and control attempts have failed to limit the sparrows numbers and range.

How sparrows behave with other animals

Sparrows are aggressive tend to dominate feeders in gardens and prevent other birds from getting to the food. They harass other birds and steal their food and take over their nests, particularly house martins. The eviction and interference often results in a reduction in breeding success and can cause desertion of even large martin colonies.

Sparrows frequently tear to pieces the nests of martins and swallows and eject any eggs or chicks therein. The owners are unable to stop them.

Sparrows are very resilient and for their size have remarkably few serious predators. Main predators are domestic cats, owls (especially tawny) and sparrowhawks, but none are capable of affecting the size of the sparrow population, with the possible exception of localised effects by cats.

Exploitation Forestière by Pierre Yves Cugni

21 2

lots of mini tomatoes by Margot

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Organic mini tomatoes flown in all the way from Okinawa. They are sweet and delicious eaten alone.

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All of my images are copyright protected. You may not use, copy, reproduce, distribute, publish, display, alter or in any way exploit any of my images without my expressed, written permission.

Exploit ! by Photésie - Eric V.

17 6

J'ai enfin réussi à photographier le pont St Charles à Prague !

Exploitation by Steph Blin

15

Moon Exploited (PALENCIA) by Jonatan Alonso

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OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Giddy Exploits. by Steve Hammond

25 12

Giddy Exploits.

Boire des contacts bouteilles abritées emballés navires joies harmonieuses ennemis fous souvenirs lointains beaux secrets crier puzzles,

Die grünen Holztaschen des gesetzlosen, wilden Unterholzes beherbergten Regeln, die krabbelnde Stimmen waren, die die Gedanken starker Tage reizten,

δαχτυλίδι νερά βιαστικά σπίθες πονηρή πόρτες σκιά σκιές φυσάει οπωρώνες ξεδιπλώνεται καπνός φωτεινότητα μάτια γέλιο ποιητής όνειρα,

блестящи зали лилави сърца въртеливи въпроси черни облаци червен срам разкъсване на хитрините сюжети на тялото, разпространяващи чаши, хъркащи схеми,

moarte întunecată lucrări arogante bastard aripi pași mătăsoși agresive glorie cântarea coloanelor dezastre alte înălțimi relatări mitice,

関心を返す望ましい視点特定の区別並外れた努力分割されたビュー階層表現独立した詩威信力パワー.

Steve.D.Hammond.

House sparrow (Passer domesticus)-2796 by George Vittman

109 5

Noisy and gregarious, these cheerful exploiters of man's rubbish and wastefulness have managed to colonise most of the world. The ultimate avian opportunist perhaps. Monitoring suggests a severe decline in the UK house sparrow population, recently estimated as dropping by 71 per cent between 1977 and 2008 with substantial declines in both rural and urban populations. While the decline in England continues, Breeding Bird Survey data indicate recent population increases in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The House Sparrow is a small but sturdily built bird with a stout bill designed for eating seeds. Adult males are distinctive; the crown and nape are grey and only the sides of the head are brown. The black bib is wide and extends down onto the chest. The back is warm brown, streaked with black but with a few white wing feathers. Adult females and juvenile birds of both sexes are typically sandy brown in colour with brown and grey streaks on the back and wings.

Although adults will feed themselves on wide range of seeds, they need to find plenty of aphids and small caterpillars for their growing youngsters, especially in the first few days after hatching.

House Sparrows like to nest colonially, so one box on its own is unlikely to attract a breeding pair. They may nest in hedges and in climbing plants – but this does not mean that they are Hedge Sparrows or Tree Sparrows!

House Sparrows are red-listed birds of conservation concern.

Small nest box with hole (32mm)

Nest height: over 2m above ground

The nest is an untidy domed structure made of grasses, lined with feathers, hair and wool

Egg laying starts between mid March and early August. Up to four broods

4 to 5 eggs. White or pale blue with darker spots

Incubation time: 13 -15 days

Nestlings fledge after 15-17 days

For more information, please visit www.bto.org/about-birds/nnbw/nesting-birds/house-sparrow

Ribblehead - Texture by Phil Hunter

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You do NOT have the right to copy, reproduced, download, or exploit any of my images without my permission.

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www.vividvista.co.uk

Espace rural by Patrick BOUCHENARD

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(Bourgogne - Côte d'Or)

Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21

The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."

Curvy Cala by Bill Gracey

30 11

I'm still exploiting the little plant I bought about 6 weeks ago. I believe that these are my favorite flower to light and photograph because of the elegant shapes. Some of the black and white photos I've seen that were done a long time ago by famous photographers are amazing works of art.

Lighting stuff: I placed a YN560 in a Rogue grid behind the flower and slightly to the right at 1 o'clock for backlighting, and used a YN560-III in an 8.6 inch Lastolite softbox in front and slightly to the left of center for fill. Both flashes, in manual mode, were triggered by a Yongnuo RF-603N.

Other Calla Lily pictures are in my Calla Lilly album. www.flickr.com/photos/9422878@N08/sets/72157626082181550/...

Other plants, flowers, fruit or thingys that I've photographed using strobes can be seen in my Strobe Lit Plant set. In the description for that set, I list resources that I've used to learn how to light with off camera flash. www.flickr.com/photos/9422

Attention au départ ! by Patrick BOUCHENARD

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"Attention at the Start !"

Gare de Fukuyama (Japon)

Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21

www.flickriver.com/photos/pat21/sets/

The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."

...exploit the snapshot... by @VanveenJF

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Hit the L key for a better view. Thanks for the favs and comments. Much appreciated!

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© VanveenJF Photography

café mocha and warmth of the winter sun by Margot

13 16

Sitting quietly and enjoying the sun.

P.S. Love my new tablecloth. (o:

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All of my images are copyright protected. You may not use, copy, reproduce, distribute, publish, display, alter or in any way exploit any of my images without my expressed, written permission.

The old French bridge by Collin Key

56 90

The French colonial administration of Indochina was determined to exploit the Mekong River to aid a route into China, and in doing so help counter British colonial expansion in Upper Burma. ... However, the key obstacle lay in southern Laos, where at Siphandon Islands, the river splits into numerous channels forming formidable rapids collectively known as the Khon (or Khone) Falls. Attempts in 1891, 1892, and 1893 to scale the falls failed; there are accounts of steamships ‘engines roaring and boilers near bursting, with hundreds of men hauling from the rocks on ropes and others pushing from the decks with pikes’ ...

Thus, alternatives modes of transport had to be found. One idea came in the form of a British tidal expert resident in Siam, Herbert Warington Smyth, who suggested, perhaps half-cynically, that a tramway ... should be built around the falls. The latter, he reckoned, ‘would satisfactorily cripple the French economy (Source: Wikipedia).

Well, the French did just that, building boat landings south and north of the falls and connectiong both by a railraod.

I found no source of the factual impact of this adventure on the French economy yet a nice description of how it was to travel with that steam engine in the middle of deep jungles:

The train, struggling and grating amid the clashing sound of steel, hauled us across the island, which is covered by teak trees and bamboos whose branches brushed our faces. The temperature was very high and the sun, filtering through the trees, roused noxious fever-vapours from the tangled undergrowth. Sweat caked my hair under my sun hat; the heat burned my arms through my clothes; and the mosquitoes took advantage of my predicament to attack me as they pleased, all over my hands and face…

—John Keay, Mad About The Mekong: Exploration and Empire in South East Asia

Pointy Sea Shell In Pink by Bill Gracey

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This is one of the many sea shells that we've collected over the years, and it looked ripe for exploitation this morning.

Lighting: I first placed the shell on a sheet of black Perspex. Lighting was from two Yongnuo strobes, each in a 24 inch soft box, positioned on either side of the shell. just out of the frame, and pointed towards the center. The strobes and my tripod mounted camera were triggered with a Yongnuo RF-603N.

Other shells that I have photographed over the years are in my creatively titled Shells album. www.flickr.com/photos/9422878@N08/sets/72157626043932290

Lenka by Nadia D'Agaro

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Lenka's story at the Venice Biennale 2024.

Colonialism, exploitation of plant and animal resources, anthropocentrism and speciesism: a denunciation at the Venice Biennale.

La storia di Lenka alla Biennale di Venezia 2024.

Colonialismo, sfruttamento delle risorse vegetali e animali, antropocentrismo e specismo: una denuncia alla Biennale di Venezia.

www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/Articolo/Diario-da-Venezia-qua...

"The war in Ukraine reminds us how unjust and painful the construction of a people's identity, the affirmation of national independence and the reclamation of one's roots can be. Repairing serious and profound wounds inflicted throughout history is a slow, complex and difficult process. A metaphor and monument of a similar condition is Lenka, in the Czech Pavilion. The famous giraffe captured in Kenya in 1954, transported to the Prague zoo, survived in captivity for only two years, then taxidermied and preserved in the museum, after having thrown its organs into the city sewers. Eva Kotakova's work, «The heart of a giraffe in captivity is twelve kilos lighter», is a walkable environmental installation that reproduces the inside of the long dissected neck of the animal arranged in a circle. In the center of the room there is a blackboard and a space for meeting and reflection to learn about its history, its meaning and its cultural implications. On the floor, Lenka's skeleton is reproduced and as a sound that pervades the Pavilion the hymns of the countries that the giraffe crossed on its long journey to Prague, many of which no longer exist today."

"La guerra in Ucraina ci ricorda quanto ingiuste e dolorose possano rivelarsi la costruzione di un’identità di un popolo, l’affermazione dell’indipendenza nazionale e la rivendicazione delle proprie radici. Risarcire gravi e profonde ferite inflitte nel corso della storia è un processo lento, complesso e difficile. Metafora e monumento di simile condizione è Lenka, nel Padiglione della Cecoslovacchia. La celebre giraffa catturata in Kenya nel 1954, trasportata allo zoo di Praga, sopravvissuta in cattività solo due anni, poi tassidermizzata e conservata nel museo, dopo aver gettato gli organi nelle fogne cittadine. L’opera di Eva Kotakova, «Il cuore di una giraffa in cattività è dodici chili più leggero», è un’installazione ambientale percorribile che riproduce l’interno del lungo collo sezionato dell’animale disposto a cerchio. Al centro della sala una lavagna e uno spazio di incontro e riflessione per conoscerne la storia, il suo significato e le sue implicazioni culturali. Sul pavimento lo scheletro di Lenka riprodotto e come suono che pervade il Padiglione gli inni dei Paesi che la giraffa attraversò nel suo lungo viaggio verso Praga, molti oggi non più esistenti."

labiennale.ngprague.cz/it-2024-eva-kotkov

milano.czechcentres.cz/it/blog/2023/08/eva-kotatkova-bude...

Bing Image Creator

C'est pas Noël tous les jours... by juste nemo

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Le village de Saint-Priest Laprugne a abrité une des plus importantes mines d'uranium, en exploitation de 1955 à 1980. Sa fermeture a fait retomber le village dans sa torpeur. La mine et son usine de traitement du minerai ont employé jusqu'à 600 personnes. Les rejets d'exploitation stockés sous l'eau d'un lac artificiel font toujours polémique.

Exploit by AuberonBratz

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Reflecting On A Fading Sunflower Petal by Bill Gracey

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I was exploiting sunflowers last week, and I thought the textures and shapes in this sunflower petal would make a good subject.

Lighting: I placed the petal on a mirror and lit it with a Yongnuo flash in a 24 inch soft box at camera right. Fill light came from a mirror at camera left. The flash was triggered by a Yongnuo RF-603N.

Child Exploitation by Michael J Breen

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Thames Street Market

New Zealand

Mamiya 645 Pro with Agfa Optima film

Daims aux aguets by Patrick BOUCHENARD

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"Fallow deer on the lookout"

Parc animalier de Merlet, Houches, Vallée de Chamonix (Hte Savoie)

Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21

www.flickriver.com/photos/pat21/sets/

The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."

Herculean effort, Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, India by Ben

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It is time for us to renew our relationship with the planet and to stop the rampant deforestation, uncontrolled expansion of agriculture, intensive farming, mining and infrastructure development, as well as the exploitation of wild species. The choices we make from now onwards will be key to the future of the planet and to our own very existence.

Exploit by Andreas Reinhold

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'Exploit' On Black & large (recommended!)

Puerto de Huelva - Huelva Port by Fernando Romero ( Mad )

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All images are property of Fernando Romero. Using these images without permission infringes international copyright laws (633/41)

DPR19 / 78-Disg 154/97-L.248 / 2000).

It is totally prohibited

the reproduction, copying, publication, modification, transmission, exploitation, distribution, republication, download, visualization or

transmission in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording without the written permission of Fernando

Romero

Each violation will be prosecuted criminally.

Note: If you are interested, please contact the author by private e-mail: frs.fotografo@gmail.com

See recommended in black box ( push "l" )

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Todas las imágenes son propiedad de Fernando Romero. Usar estas imágenes sin permiso infringe las leyes internacionales de derechos de autor (633/41)

DPR19 / 78-Disg 154/97-L.248 / 2000).

Queda totalmente prohibida

la reproducción, copia, publicación, modificación, transmisión, explotación, distribución, republicación, descarga, visualización o

transmisión en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, incluyendo electrónico, mecánico, fotocopiado, grabación sin el permiso por escrito de Fernando

Romero.

Cada violación será perseguida penalmente.

Nota: Si está interesado, póngase en contacto con el autor por e_mail privado: frs.fotografo@gmail.com

Se recomienda ver en la caja oscura ( Pulsa "L" )

Freezing by Joanne King

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Exploits River

Dominant la plaine by Patrick BOUCHENARD

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"Overlooking the plain"

Village de Banne (Ardèche)

Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21

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The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."

Just For Zippy by Paige

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Because she just loooovvves kitty shots....here's an extreme kitty face for ya :) Muah!

Chapelle Saint-Pierre by Patrick BOUCHENARD

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Port-Louis, Chapelle Saint-Pierre (Bretagne - Morbihan)

Website : www.fluidr.com/photos/pat21

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The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained here in for any use, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."

Free and Independent. 'Moor' Sculpture, Rokin 64, Amsterdam, The Netherlands by Rana Pipiens

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Obviously many 'western' images of African people are directly connected to exploitation and slavery. But it is often forgotten that there's also an idealist ideology that sees non-Europeans as good and free and noble, indeed as exemplary. This photo is part of the latter tradition. The insets provide some background.

In 1610 one Barthelomeus Moor (1573-1636) bought a piece of land on what is now the Rokin in Amsterdam and built a house there; the pictured decorative statement was probably added later in the style of Louis XIV. He'd been born in Antwerp and was one of many merchants, often Calvinist, who fled the southern Low Countries in the wake of their fall to the Catholic Habsburgs and the onset of religious persecution. They found religious freedom and independence from monarchy in the Dutch Republic. Around 1600 Antwerp's population had diminshed from about 100,000 to a mere 42,000, and something like 30% of the population of Amsterdam was made up of Flemish Dutchmen. Many of these immigrants were merchant families soon to become wealthy in the prospering northern Low Countries.

No doubt, the choice of Moor or his family for this sculpture was motivated by the meaning of his family name. But added to that are the connotations of freedom, independence and desire for trade imputed to non-Europeans exemplified by that self-conscious, proud 'Moor'. He could well be a Carib or else maybe a Guinean. The inset top right is after a drawing by John Gabriël Stedman (1744-1797) of a Carib family. The one on the left is in the first book on African Guinea (more or less present-day Ghana) by Pieter de Maarees around 1602. It depicts Dutch (?) and African merchants and traders. Note the similarity in head dresses of the 'Guineans', the Carib and our 'Moor'.

Monte Rosa Hut , at winter time.Monte Rosa Hütte, 2883 m.A view from The Gornergrat. No. 8. by Izakigur

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DSC_0008

The Monte Rosa Hut (German: Monte-Rosa-Hütte) is a mountain hut located near Zermatt at the foot of Monte Rosa (4,634 m) at an altitude of 2,795 metres. It is owned by the Swiss Alpine Club. The hut is the start of the normal route to the summit and other mountains in the area. The first hut was built in 1895. A completely new building was inaugurated in 2009, at an altitude of 2,883 metres.

La cabane est située au pied du Mont Rose, au lieu dit « Plattje ». Elle domine le glacier du Gorner du nom du Gornergrat situé à sa droite, terminus du chemin de fer du même nom. A sa gauche on trouve les jumeaux (Castor et Pollux), le Breithorn et en face le majestueux Cervin. Point de départ de grandes sorties alpines, c’est aussi un but d’excursion journalier à partir de la station ferroviaire de Rotenboden. La cabane accueille également les adeptes de l’héliski à leur descente du Mont Rose.

Die Hütte steht am Fusse des Monte Rosa Massifs, am Orte "Plattje". Sie dominiert den Gornergletscher benannt nach dem Gornergrat, Endstation der berühmten Zahradbahn. Auf der linken Seite findet man die Zwillinge (Castor und Pollux), das Breithorn sowie gleich gegenüber die majestätische Wand des Matterhorns. Startpunkt von grossen alpinen Touren, sie gilt auch als Tagesziel ausgehend von der Bahnstation Rotenboden. Die Hütte besuchen auch viele Heliski-Freunde auf ihrer Abfahrt vom Monte Rosa.

En hiver:

- 5h depuis Zermatt par le Gornergletscher;

- 4h depuis Furi;

- 1h30 depuis station Stockhorn;

- 2h30 depuis Gornergletscher après descente

Schwarztor ou depuis Trockener Steg

Im Winter:

- 5h von Zermatt über den Gornergletscher;

- 4h von Furi;

- 1h30 Ab Bergstation Stockhorn;

- 2h30 Ab Gornergletscher nach Abfahrt

Schwarztor oder Trockener Steg

En été:

- 5h depuis Zermatt par le Gornergletscher;

- 4h+ depuis Furi;

- 4h+ depuis la station de Rotenboden du

chemin de fer du Gornergrat

Im Sommer:

- 5h von Zermatt über den Gornergletscher;

- 4h+ von Furi;

- 4h+ von der Bahnstation Rotenboden der

Gornergratbahn

La première cabane en bois, fut construite entre 1894 et 1895 grâce à un legs de l'ingénieur François Bétemps dont elle portât le nom. Un don de la famille Seiler de Zermatt contribuât à sa réalisation. Le refuge comportait 25 couchettes et était la propriété du Comité Central du CAS. En 1918 un agrandissement permit d’abriter 20 personnes de plus. En 1929 le Comité central l’offrit généreusement à la Section Monte-Rosa, qui s’engageât en contre partie à la transformer dans un délai d’une année. Ce fût réalisé par la pose d’une enveloppe en pierres. Depuis lors la cabane porte le nom « Monte Rosa ». En 1939-40 on construisit une nouvelle bâtisse d’une capacité de 86 places, qui fut quasiment doublée en 1972 avec 146 couchettes, un dernier agrandissement portât sa capacité à 160 places en 1984.

La nouvelle cabane Monte Rosa, d’une capacité de 120 places, a été terminée à fin 2009. Elle est le résultat d’un projet commun entre la section Monte Rosa, le Club Alpin Suisse et l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich. Sa construction a pu être réalisée avec le soutien de nombreux sponsors et dona-teurs. Elle est probablement la construction en bois la plus complexe jamais réalisée en Suisse. Ce bâtiment à la forme à nulle autre pareille, revêtu de plaques d’aluminium la fait ressembler à un cristal de roche met en œuvre des techniques complètement nouvelles et ouvres de nouvelles perspectives en matière de gestion énergétique du bâtiment. Grâce à sa façade sud couverte de capteurs solaire photovoltaïques et autres capteurs thermiques, la cabane couvre le 90% de ses besoins énergétiques. La fonde des neige ne produit de l’eau que durant quelques mois par année. Pour s’assurer de la quantité d’eau nécessaire au fonctionnement de la cabane durant son exploitation, il a fallu creuser une grande caverne dans le rocher qui permet de stocker l’eau de fonte nécessaire. Un appareillage complexe de micro filtrage nettoie les eaux usées qui sont réutilisé pour les toilettes. Afin que la cabane puisse atteindre ce niveau d’autarcie, il a été nécessaire de mettre en place un «management» énergétique parfaitement maîtrisé qui a nécessité, de la part de l’EPFZ, le développement d’un logiciel spécifique. Pour plus amples informations www.neuemonterosahuette.ch. Die ursprüngliche Hütte unter dem Monte Rosa war ein Legat des Ingenieurs François Bétemps, dessen Namen sie bis 1939 trug. Eine zusätz-liche Spende der Familie Seiler ermöglichte den Bau. Die Hütte, die Eigentum des SAC Zentral-Komitees war, wurde 1894/1895 errichtet und verfügte nur über einen einzigen Raum. Darin standen 25 Plätze zur Verfügung. 1918 wurde sie um 20 Plätze vergrössert. 1929 schenkte das Zentral-Komitee die Hütte der SAC Sektion Monte Rosa unter der Bedingung, sie innerhalb eines Jahres umzubauen, was auch geschah. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt nahm das Berghaus den Namen Monte Rosa Hütte an. In den Jahren 1939/40 erfolgte dann ein grösserer Umbau: Küche und Schlafräume wurden getrennt, und die Zahl der Übernachtungsplätze stieg auf 86. 1972 verdoppelte sich die Anzahl Betten beinahe auf 146, 1984 stieg sie nochmals auf 160 Plätze.

Die heutige Monte Rosa Hütte mit 120 Plätzen, die im Jahr 2009 fertig gestellt wurde, ist das Resultat eines Gemeinschaftsprojekts der Sektion Monte Rosa, des Schweizer Alpen-Clubs SAC und der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zürich). Sie wurde mit der Unterstützung zahlreicher Gönner und Sponsoren realisiert und ist im Augenblick der wohl komplexeste Holzbau der Schweiz. Beim innovativen Gebäude, das mit seiner speziellen Form und der silbernen Aluminiumhülle an einen Bergkristall erinnert, wurden bezüglich Haustechnik und Energiemanagement völlig neue Wege beschritten. So versorgt sich die Hütte dank einer in die Südfassade integrierten Photovoltaikanlage sowie thermischen Solarkollektoren zu über 90 Prozent selbst mit Energie. Das während nur weniger Monate im Jahr anfallende Schmelzwasser wird in einer Felskaverne gesammelt und gespeichert. Eine Mikrofilteranlage auf bakterieller Basis reinigt die Abwässer; das Grauwasser wird für die Toilettenspülung wiederverwendet. Damit die Hütte einen so hohen Energieautarkiegrad erreicht, braucht es das Zusammenspiel der einzelnen Komponenten sowie ein ausgeklügeltes Energiemanagement. Eine an der ETH Zürich entwickelte Software steuert die Haustechnik.

Für weitere Infos: www.neuemonterosahuette.ch

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Pas de méprise...ce n’est pas de la neige mais du sel ! by Murielle Danieli.

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Les salins d’Aigues-Mortes. Camargue.

L’exploitation du sel est une activité qui remonte à l’antiquité. La première activité des salins est attribuée à un ingénieur romain,Peccius. Autrefois récolté manuellement par les paludiers ( sauniers), le sel est recueilli de manière mécanique par des tracteurs à chenille munis de pelle à l’avant. Le sel ainsi récolté est entreposé sous forme de monticule de 10 à 15 m, les camelles.

Sunrise this morning by Joanne King

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Exploits River Central NL, Canada

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