Engineering and Technology
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Mingus Mill, on the North Carolina side of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, is a prime example of late 19th century engineering efficiency.
While nearly all mills have a millrace (seen here) channeling water from a stream to a mill-wheel, this mill channels the water into a penstock, which is a tall shaft of water maintained at a constant pressure to turn a turbine at the end of a pipe at the base of the shaft. The turbine is attached to the grinding stones; and, in this case, generates about 11hp at 400 rpm - pretty solid for its day!
The turbine is more efficient than a water wheel, which typically sits in water itself and has some back-pressure, and significant losses in the turn cycle.
The mill was an important hub in frontier life. Typically, families would bring their grains on Saturday for the miller to ground into flour. The miller would take a portion as payment (typically around 1/8) and might sell it to other users or customers who were conducting other bartering business in the nearby open spaces.
This mill, on the Mingus Creek, was built in 1886 and operated daily until 1930s when the NPS bought the land to make this Great Smoky Mountains NP. The NPS restored the mill to operational status in 1968, and it is used to demonstrate frontier life to visitors daily. While it is still fully functional, the grain milled here can not be sold for consumption because the resulting flour has been touched by so many tourists that it cannot be USDA approved.
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Озеро Гижгит находится в Баксанском ущелье Кабардино-Балкарии, недалеко от поселка Былым. Взглянув на озеро, сложно представить, что подобная красота является рукотворной, и к сожалению, даже таит в себе угрозу.
Строго говоря, озеро Гижгит совсем не озеро, а запруда одноименной реки. Дело в том, что в 1940-2000 годы примерно в 10 км от этого места рядом с г. Тырныауз действовал Тырныаузский горно-обогатительный комбинат (ТГОК), специализирующийся на добыче и обогащении вольфрамо-молибденовых руд. В 1966 году в русле реки Гижгит, которая является притоком бурной горной реки Баксан, для нужд ТГОК было построено третье (основное) хвостохранилище, или, если говорить проще, отстойник токсичных отходов производства. Устье реки было перегорожено плотиной, в результате чего в русле горной реки образовалось водохранилище, называемое сейчас озером. Сток воды из озера Гижгит осуществляется по специальному отводному тоннелю в реку Баксан.
Хвосты — профессиональный термин, обозначающий отходы производства руды, зачастую токсичные. Хвостами называют токсичные отходы обогащения полезных ископаемых, соответственно хвостохранилище – комплекс специальных сооружений, предназначенный для их хранения и захоронения.
В годы работы комбината в хвостохранилище по десятикилометровому трубопроводу поступали отходы обогащения вольфрамового, молибденового и медно-висмутового концентратов. Около 30 наименований химических соединений металлов, каждый из которых в сильных концентрациях смертельно опасен для здоровья человека и животных. По различным оценкам, с 1966 по 2001 год тут было захоронено от 25 до 118 млн кубических метров отходов.
В настоящее время трубопровод демонтирован, но отходы остаются в озере. Уровень воды в нем поддерживается при помощи сбросного колодца для водопонижения и водоотведения, связанного с водоотводным каналом, соединяющим озеро с Баксаном. Считается, что отходы на дне озера слиплись практически до состояния цемента.
В 2018 году на страницах научно-технического журнала "Вестник МГСУ" группой ученых (К.А. Гегиев, А.Х. Шерхов, З.Ж. Гергокова и К.К. Анахаев) была опубликована статья под названием "Экологические проблемы Тырныаузского хвостохранилища на реке Гижгит", в которой подробно описана опасность, исходящая от бывшего хранилища ядовитых отходов:
"В обогащенных отходах содержатся до 30 наименований химических соединений металлов (в т.ч. высокого класса опасности), которые с поверхности пляжа хвостохранилища в виде пылеватых облаков переносятся постоянно дующими вдоль долины р. Баксан ветрами (Тырны-Ауз в переводе с балкарского языка «ущелье ветров») на прилегающие к ним сельхозугодья и природные пастбища..."
Гижгит — река в России, протекает в Эльбрусском районе Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Длина реки составляет 28 км. В низовьях запружена, образует водохранилище-хвостохранилище Тырнаузского горно-обогатительного комбината. В самом низовье протекает по искусственному тоннелю до места впадения в реку Баксан. Устье реки находится в 112 км по левому берегу реки Баксан.
This view looks east along The Going-to-the Sun Highway near Rising Sun in Glacier National Park, Montana. From left to right the mountains in this view are Mahtotopah Mountain (top of mountain not shown), Little Chief Mountain, Dusty Star Mountain (the blocky one) and Fusiliade Mountain (top hidden by clouds). The Going-to-the-Sun highway is a National Historic Landmark, a National historic District listed on the Natonal Register of Historic Places and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
The Falkirk Wheel is a unique boat lift in the world. It replaces a series of 11 locks linking the canals from Glasgow to Edinburgh. The Falkirk rotary lift has a diameter of 35 metres and lowers or raises ships to a height of 25 metres. A set of double doors allows the boat to enter on one side and to leave on the other side. The wheel turns the two caissons, each weighing 300 tonnes, while the gearing system keeps them perfectly horizontal.
This steam engine is a real vintage among vintages. Made by Fowler and Company in Leeds, England in 1880, it has been perfectly restored to its former glory. This is a close up of the engine that was pulling the trailer in my previous shot.
"Wheels within wheels..." Notice that flywheel turning.
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct & Canal World Heritage Site.
11 miles of stunning canal and countryside and spanning two countries, along Aqeducts, tunnels and viaducts.
The whole length of the site has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument of National Importance and an area of outstanding natural beauty.
This is in the back garden of the house we have lived in for about 40 years, and this is first time I have noticed the manufacturer's name on the manhole cover (unless I've seen it before and forgotten).
One of the most vivid memories I have from my primary school years was visiting the Dover Engineering Works with my school. It's not surprising that seeing molten iron poured from a ladle into a mould from close quarters would make a lasting impression on a child. I can still see clearly in my mind the wooden pattern they had made of our school's badge being pressed into the compacted black sandy material in the mould. The pattern was then removed and the top half of the mould filled with more compacted material was fitted. Small holes to allow the escape of burning gas were made in the material. When the molten iron was poured into the mould, sure enough, jets of flame appeared from these holes. When the mould was eventually stripped, there was the grey/silver replica of the wooden pattern.
When the company was established in 1830 it was on the outskirts of Dover in the parish of Charlton, with a supply of water from the adjacent River Dour. Charlton has since been absorbed by Dover, and the engineering works is of course gone - with the site now occupied by a supermarket.
genetic engineering
could create the perfect race
could create an unknown life-force
that could us exterminate
introducing worker clone
as our subordinated slave
his expertise proficiency
will surely dig our grave
it's so tempting
will biologists resist
when he becomes the creator
will he let us exist
bionic man is jumping
through the television set
he's about to materialise
and guess who's coming next
x ray spex - genetic engineering (germ free adolescents, 1978)
Yantram BPO provides you with highly reliable and affordable Civil Engineering Design services that meet International standards. We have skilled, professionals, experienced in Civil Engineering Design and CAD services. Our Civil Engineering Design and CAD professionals are highly conversant with the latest Engineering Design and CAD platforms.
Yeah i love my green lotus! What i tried to do in this picture was create the sort of picture you would see in a magazine, maybe with some text beside it endorsing lotus's engineering skills. I don't know, but i hope you enjoy!
Not long into its journey, VLine owned, EMD powered loco N462 leads The Overland Adelaide to Melbourne overnight passenger service through the Adelaide suburb of Lynton on 24 December 1993.
At this time the train was still running nightly in each direction, but loadings had decreased so that usually only one locomotive was required. These days the service has been reduced to just two return daylight workings per week.
V700_5_757_1293
Onsite Hydraulic Repair, 24/7 UK coverage. Each van is professionally kitted out with the appropriate tools for removal, manufacture and refitting of hydraulic hose assemblies accompanied by stock to ensure that 99% of jos are carried out there and then.
UP 2666 and another Tier 4 ET44AH lead northbound UP Engineering Special PJCPR2 through Villa Grove after a heck of a rainstorm. Luckily, its late departure out of Jefferson City, MO allowed me to get a shot of it after work.
The engineering marvel of Ribbleshead Viaduct pales into insignificance as darkness falls on a clear summer night.
Standing outside this century old barn, I looked up to see an aircraft flying overhead and thought of how far we'd come. The barn featured a unique swing beam construction that allowed a team of horses, hitched to a wagon, to turn around without having to back up. Horses apparently don't like to walk backwards so this made life easier for farmer and animal alike. When you compare that marvel of practical engineering to the complexity of the plane, it seems there are no limits to what we can accomplish.
Union Pacific Engineering Special pulled by SD70Ace 1111, Powered By the People rolls through Des Plaines IL. on the New Line at Howard St.
Study in Monochrome of the bridges crossing the river Forth in Scotland.
The New Queensferry crossing, the original road bridge, and the world heritage rail bridge.
As seen at the Railway Museum in Utrecht, The Netherlands. These tools were used to build the first steam train in The Netherlands...
My second entry in this months competition on Bridges.
Had a few days away in Bristol so couldn't really visit without seeing and taking an image of the magnificent Clifton Suspension Bridge.
It spans the river Avon and has a remarkable history which is well worth reading about.
The original design was of Isambard Kingdom Brunel .
Spanning over 702 ft and 249ft above the Avon it had the longest span of any bridge in the world at the time of its construction.
Thank you for viewing and any comments
Here is another shot of some engineering students in their graduation robes and caps. They are standing on the balcony of the JFSB on the BYU campus. In the background is the snow covered Mt. Timpanogos and a very green panorama look at Provo, Utah.
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The Purdue Bell Tower is a 160-foot tall bell tower in the center of Purdue University's campus. It was constructed in 1995 through a gift from the class of 1948.
The current Bell Tower's inspiration comes from the bell tower that was part of the old Heavilon Hall, demolished in 1956. Heavilon Hall was dedicated on January 19, 1894, as part of Purdue's engineering school. Four days later, the building caught fire and was destroyed. In light of this tragedy, James H. Smart, Purdue's president at the time, declared that a new tower would go up "one brick higher." Smart's inspirational words have since become a sort of motto for the university. According to legend, however, the bell tower was actually built nine bricks higher. This second Heavilon tower was completed in December 1895 with clocks on each of the four sides. On April 8, 1897, four bells were installed. These bells would mark every quarter-hour until Heavilon was demolished in 1956.
Through a gift from the class of 1948, a new bell tower was completed in 1995. The new tower stands 160 feet tall and, like the original, has a clock on each of its four faces. The bells from the original Heavilon tower hang at the top of the tower and are struck by electric clappers to ring at the hour, half-hour and end of classes. In addition, a computerized carillon plays Purdue's fight songs and the alma mater at 12:20 pm, 5:00 pm, and 10:00 pm. At the base of the tower is a time capsule that is to be opened in 2095.
In 2008, the bell tower was incorporated into the university's emergency notification system. The tower now contains a loudspeaker and sirens that can be heard outdoors throughout the academic portion of campus.
One legend about the Purdue Bell Tower states that the seal underneath it is cursed, and that any student who walks across the seal will not graduate in four years. It is also said that if a couple kisses under the tower, and then walk past the nearby Stone Lion Fountain, they will eventually be married.
On November 27, 2018, during repairs to the tower, one of the clock faces fell from a crane during routine repairs, bounced off the basket of an aerial work platform holding two workers, and hit the side of the tower on its way to the ground. No people were injured by the falling clock. The incident was captured on video.
(Wikipedia)
The warm glow from a setting sun is reflected off the concrete spillway cells of the Murray Lock & Dam. The dam sits under the Big Dam Bridge on the Arkansas River in Little Rock. The dam & lock is part of a series of similar structures to facilitate commercial vessel navigation on the Arkansas River all the way up to Tulsa, OK.
EWS Livery Class 66 66015 passes a dull Woodacre on a early running (115 mins Early at this point) on 6k27 1450 Carlisle New Yard - Crewe Basford Hall Yard on 25/09/2023
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