Engineering and Technology
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Озеро Гижгит находится в Баксанском ущелье Кабардино-Балкарии, недалеко от поселка Былым. Взглянув на озеро, сложно представить, что подобная красота является рукотворной, и к сожалению, даже таит в себе угрозу.
Строго говоря, озеро Гижгит совсем не озеро, а запруда одноименной реки. Дело в том, что в 1940-2000 годы примерно в 10 км от этого места рядом с г. Тырныауз действовал Тырныаузский горно-обогатительный комбинат (ТГОК), специализирующийся на добыче и обогащении вольфрамо-молибденовых руд. В 1966 году в русле реки Гижгит, которая является притоком бурной горной реки Баксан, для нужд ТГОК было построено третье (основное) хвостохранилище, или, если говорить проще, отстойник токсичных отходов производства. Устье реки было перегорожено плотиной, в результате чего в русле горной реки образовалось водохранилище, называемое сейчас озером. Сток воды из озера Гижгит осуществляется по специальному отводному тоннелю в реку Баксан.
Хвосты — профессиональный термин, обозначающий отходы производства руды, зачастую токсичные. Хвостами называют токсичные отходы обогащения полезных ископаемых, соответственно хвостохранилище – комплекс специальных сооружений, предназначенный для их хранения и захоронения.
В годы работы комбината в хвостохранилище по десятикилометровому трубопроводу поступали отходы обогащения вольфрамового, молибденового и медно-висмутового концентратов. Около 30 наименований химических соединений металлов, каждый из которых в сильных концентрациях смертельно опасен для здоровья человека и животных. По различным оценкам, с 1966 по 2001 год тут было захоронено от 25 до 118 млн кубических метров отходов.
В настоящее время трубопровод демонтирован, но отходы остаются в озере. Уровень воды в нем поддерживается при помощи сбросного колодца для водопонижения и водоотведения, связанного с водоотводным каналом, соединяющим озеро с Баксаном. Считается, что отходы на дне озера слиплись практически до состояния цемента.
В 2018 году на страницах научно-технического журнала "Вестник МГСУ" группой ученых (К.А. Гегиев, А.Х. Шерхов, З.Ж. Гергокова и К.К. Анахаев) была опубликована статья под названием "Экологические проблемы Тырныаузского хвостохранилища на реке Гижгит", в которой подробно описана опасность, исходящая от бывшего хранилища ядовитых отходов:
"В обогащенных отходах содержатся до 30 наименований химических соединений металлов (в т.ч. высокого класса опасности), которые с поверхности пляжа хвостохранилища в виде пылеватых облаков переносятся постоянно дующими вдоль долины р. Баксан ветрами (Тырны-Ауз в переводе с балкарского языка «ущелье ветров») на прилегающие к ним сельхозугодья и природные пастбища..."
Гижгит — река в России, протекает в Эльбрусском районе Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Длина реки составляет 28 км. В низовьях запружена, образует водохранилище-хвостохранилище Тырнаузского горно-обогатительного комбината. В самом низовье протекает по искусственному тоннелю до места впадения в реку Баксан. Устье реки находится в 112 км по левому берегу реки Баксан.
The Falkirk Wheel is a unique boat lift in the world. It replaces a series of 11 locks linking the canals from Glasgow to Edinburgh. The Falkirk rotary lift has a diameter of 35 metres and lowers or raises ships to a height of 25 metres. A set of double doors allows the boat to enter on one side and to leave on the other side. The wheel turns the two caissons, each weighing 300 tonnes, while the gearing system keeps them perfectly horizontal.
Eight bronze statues, each twice life size, were installed on Vauxhall Bridge in 1907. A year after the bridge was completed. They represent Agriculture, Architecture, Engineering (seen here), Pottery, Education, Fine Arts, Science, and Local Government.
They were designed by F.W. Pomeroy and Alfred Drury and are mounted on the bridge's piers. Each weighs about two tons.
This steam engine is a real vintage among vintages. Made by Fowler and Company in Leeds, England in 1880, it has been perfectly restored to its former glory. This is a close up of the engine that was pulling the trailer in my previous shot.
"Wheels within wheels..." Notice that flywheel turning.
This detail of the little engine, "Wee Georgie Wood", shows how beautifully cared for it is. Precision engineering at its best, the full flowering of the industrial revolution.
It's not hard to find places of historic significance in downtown Launceston. It is Australia's third oldest city after all. But behind this modern shopfront lies a very famous local firm. No we are not in Glasgow, but the engineering firm that is based in these buildings was founded in 1892 by Scottish immigrants James Scott and John Clark.
Glasgow Engineering - 125 Years
This is Engineering on a Small Scale..........it was by my nephew Stephen who is suffering from Parkinson's disease................
This is in the back garden of the house we have lived in for about 40 years, and this is first time I have noticed the manufacturer's name on the manhole cover (unless I've seen it before and forgotten).
One of the most vivid memories I have from my primary school years was visiting the Dover Engineering Works with my school. It's not surprising that seeing molten iron poured from a ladle into a mould from close quarters would make a lasting impression on a child. I can still see clearly in my mind the wooden pattern they had made of our school's badge being pressed into the compacted black sandy material in the mould. The pattern was then removed and the top half of the mould filled with more compacted material was fitted. Small holes to allow the escape of burning gas were made in the material. When the molten iron was poured into the mould, sure enough, jets of flame appeared from these holes. When the mould was eventually stripped, there was the grey/silver replica of the wooden pattern.
When the company was established in 1830 it was on the outskirts of Dover in the parish of Charlton, with a supply of water from the adjacent River Dour. Charlton has since been absorbed by Dover, and the engineering works is of course gone - with the site now occupied by a supermarket.
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge. Not happy with this one, but will have to do for now as I wanted a general shot of the department building and I did find the staircase interesting!
Some oddly over-engineered stairs and fencing for flats above the Old World Deli on State St. in Bellingham. Guess the builder didn't want to pay for any engineering, so just beefed it up until he said, "That ought to hold anything."
Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) engineering inspection vehicle TC82, manufactured by Plasser, is seen crossing Borden Ave in Long Island City, Queens as it starts an inspection run back out to points east. This is clearly an unusual sight, as even other rail road employees at the adjacent facility are looking on!
genetic engineering
could create the perfect race
could create an unknown life-force
that could us exterminate
introducing worker clone
as our subordinated slave
his expertise proficiency
will surely dig our grave
it's so tempting
will biologists resist
when he becomes the creator
will he let us exist
bionic man is jumping
through the television set
he's about to materialise
and guess who's coming next
x ray spex - genetic engineering (germ free adolescents, 1978)
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Computer Science & Engineering student Dave Call and instructor Eric Karl working with newly donated equipment valued at around $500,000.
Camera: Minolta X-300S
Lens: Vivitar 28mm F2
Filter: Hoya Yellow (K2)
Film: Ilford Pan 400 (Expired 06/2013, shot at 250ISO)
Processing and Scanning: Gulabi Photo Lab, Glasgow
Post Processing: Photoscape X
The engineering marvel of Ribbleshead Viaduct pales into insignificance as darkness falls on a clear summer night.
Andania Engineering owned BR large logo 37402 "Oor Wullie" waits the signal out of platform 8 leading PLPR1 formed of stock 6262 72631 975091 72612 with Colas 37057 "Barbara Arbon" bringing up the rear working 1Q58 21.45 Canton Taff Vale Sidings - Canton Taff Vale Sidings via Cardiff Central/Ninian Park/Aberdare/Merthyr Tydfil/Radyr/Treherbert and Barry Island
Standing outside this century old barn, I looked up to see an aircraft flying overhead and thought of how far we'd come. The barn featured a unique swing beam construction that allowed a team of horses, hitched to a wagon, to turn around without having to back up. Horses apparently don't like to walk backwards so this made life easier for farmer and animal alike. When you compare that marvel of practical engineering to the complexity of the plane, it seems there are no limits to what we can accomplish.
Union Pacific Engineering Special pulled by SD70Ace 1111, Powered By the People rolls through Des Plaines IL. on the New Line at Howard St.
My second entry in this months competition on Bridges.
Had a few days away in Bristol so couldn't really visit without seeing and taking an image of the magnificent Clifton Suspension Bridge.
It spans the river Avon and has a remarkable history which is well worth reading about.
The original design was of Isambard Kingdom Brunel .
Spanning over 702 ft and 249ft above the Avon it had the longest span of any bridge in the world at the time of its construction.
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Winson Engineering 2-6-2 ZB class BVR no 7 Spitfire climbs the bank out of Wroxham with a train for Aylsham. This loco is a half sized replica of an Indian Railways ZB class loco.
The warm glow from a setting sun is reflected off the concrete spillway cells of the Murray Lock & Dam. The dam sits under the Big Dam Bridge on the Arkansas River in Little Rock. The dam & lock is part of a series of similar structures to facilitate commercial vessel navigation on the Arkansas River all the way up to Tulsa, OK.