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ⓒRebecca Bugge, All Rights Reserved
Do not use without permission.
This is what is left of the first castle at Hald - in an area which was to have five different castles, built in four different places, but all within just a few hundred metres (and sometimes less) from each other.
The trees are growing on the outer walls which are now everything that remains of the castle. It was most likely built in the early middle ages, and was of the castrum-curia type. The castle was sometimes called Brattingsborg - a help to distinguish from the other four castles.
Earlier it was believed that these ruins were built when the king Valdemar Atterdag was besieging the second Hald, built by the noble man Niels Bugge who was heading a rebellion against the king in the middle of the 14th century - but this is now known to be wrong.
(And yes, Niels Bugge is an ancestor of mine.)
Berzé le Châtel
Berzé a été le siège de la première et de la plus ancienne baronnie du Maconnais. Un cartulaire de Cluny de l’an 991 mentionne un castrum construit au- dessus d’une chapelle. On trouve trace des Berzé dès le début du X°siècle. Famille vassale des Rois de France, enterrés à l’abbaye Saint Philibert de Tournus, les seigneurs de Berzé avaient les droits de haute et basse justice sur leurs terres.
En 1229, sous le règne de St Louis, le sire Hugues de Berzé transforme le castrum en place forte afin de protéger l’abbaye de Cluny.
Pendant la guerre de Cent ans, le château est un enjeu disputé. Donné aux Bourguignons en 1417, pris en 1420 par les Armagnacs venus du Lyonnais, pendant leur attaque du Mâconnais, repris par le Duc Philippe le Bon en 1424, il subit en 1471 l’assaut des troupes de Louis XI mais reste entre les mains bourguignonnes.
L’influence de la Renaissance ne se fera pas sentir dans ce château fort car Berzé garde son caractère militaire : donjon, échauguette, chemin de ronde, meurtrières, archères…
Dans la seconde moitié du XVI° siècle, il joue un rôle important lors de la Ligue qui met de nouveau le pays à feu et à sang.
Après cette période guerrière, Berzé est abandonné pendant plus de deux siècles et subit la ruine du temps. Lamartine l’évoque ainsi : » tantôt éclairé par un rayon de soleil orangé, tantôt du milieu des brouillards, un vieux château en ruines, enveloppé de ses tourelles et de ses tours… »
De nouveau dans la famille des comtes de Thy de Milly en 1817, Berzé devient une agréable demeure : agrandissement des fenêtres, rénovation du logis seigneurial qui ne conserve plus les niveaux primitifs.
sculpture "Mann vom Castrum" by Eberhard Linke
Mainz, Ministerium des Inneren
Ecke Breidenbacherstraße / Acker
Höhe des Legionärs 300 cm
Bronze, 1985/86
Viewed from the outside of Porolissum castra (Roman castra, singular castrum, were buildings or plots of land reserved for or constructed for use as a military defensive position).
We visited this extraordinary archaeological site which was once the most northern Roman fortress at the edge of the Roman Empire in Dacia, nowadays Romania. We walked on the Roman road which once connected Porolissum castra with other Roman cities (Napoca, Apulum, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa), crossed the Danube at Drobeta and continued all the way to Rome.
See below some details about the site from Wikipedia.
"Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. Established as a military camp in 106 during Trajan's Dacian Wars, the city quickly grew through trade with the native Dacians and became the capital of the province Dacia Porolissensis in 124. The site is one of the largest and best-preserved archaeological sites in modern-day Romania, 8 km away from Zalău, Sălaj County.
Even though the city was founded as a military center in the middle of a war, the garrison of Porolissum seems to have lived in peaceful coexistence with their Dacian neighbours - several Dacian villages that were apparently founded after the city of Porolissum have been uncovered by archaeologists on the surrounding hills. There are also some inscriptions mentioning city officials with Romano-Dacian names, indicating close cooperation on a political level.
The excavations by a number of teams are ongoing and have uncovered remnants of both the military installations and the civilian city, including public baths, a customs house, a temple to Liber Pater, an amphitheatre, insula consisting of four buildings and a number of houses. The main gate (Porta Praetoria) of the stone fortress has been rebuilt." (Wikipedia)
La famille de Castelmoron est propriétaire du castrum en 1259. Leur résidence, probablement le château implanté sur une terrasse dominant le cours du Lot, fut démantelée en 1345 lors de la prise de la place par le seigneur de Montpezat. Dans l'état actuel du bâti, il n'est pas possible de restituer les dispositions de la résidence primitive : la partie basse du mur nord, récemment dépiquée, présente une maçonnerie de moellons calcaires équarris et une porte en arc brisé chanfreinée datant de la fin du Moyen Age; des portes chanfreinées subsistent au 3ème étage. Le bâtiment figure sur le cadastre napoléonien adossé à des habitations et à l'ancien temple alignés sur la Grande-Rue, organisé selon un plan en L encadrant une terrasse au sud.
En 1840, le château est acquis par Félix Solar, journaliste et homme d'affaire, collectionneur et bibliophile, qui entreprend dans les années 1850 sa restauration dans le goût mauresque. Le décor peint intérieur, dont il subsiste encore des éléments, est l'oeuvre du peintre Adolphe Brucker. En 1901, l'édifice est racheté par la commune qui y installe les services municipaux.
« L’origine du site demeure inconnue. Un hommage rendu en 1163 par les seigneurs de Ferreyroles à Bernard Pelet, seigneur d’Alès, est le premier acte connu attestant de l’occupation du lieu. En 1209, le comte de Toulouse reconnaît tenir le castrum en fief de l’évêque d’Uzès, le roi Philippe Auguste confirme le fait en 1211.La société médiévale, très avancée en Languedoc, donnait les mêmes droits aux filles et aux garçons ce qui explique l’évolution du castrum en coseigneurie. Si le fait n’est pas rare dans la région, il prend à Allègre une dimension particulière car on y dénombre pas moins de 12 maisons seigneuriales, faisant du lieu un véritable Village de Chevaliers.
Au-dessus du passage voûté se superposent une salle des gardes équipée d'une cheminée d'angle.
Depuis la salle des gardes, on pouvait actionner la herse.
Au sol, on trouvait également l'assommoir.
La chapelle est toujours consacrée.
Des offices y sont régulièrement célébrés à l'occasion d'évènements familiaux.
CASTELLO DEI ROTA
Per certo già all'età del BRONZO.
Divenne CASTRUM all'era di ROMA.
Nel 1400 divenne un CASTELLO FORTIFICATO a protezione del passaggio verso TOLFA ed il MARE e a protezione delle miniere .
CASTLE of ROTA
Already there are remains of the BRONZE of AGE.
ROMAN period become CASTRUM
On 1400 become FORTIFIED CASTLE to protect the passage towards TOLFA and the sea.
And it was in protection also of the mines .
The amphitheater ((157 AD) at Porolissum. The guide told us 'It's raining on Vladeasa". The view from Porolissum all around is spectacular and goes very long distances. That is why Romans choose this spot for the castrum and city.
We visited this extraordinary archaeological site which was once the most northern Roman fortress at the edge of the Roman Empire in Dacia, nowadays Romania. We walked on the Roman road which once connected Porolissum castra with other Roman cities (Napoca, Apulum, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa), crossed the Danube at Drobeta and continued all the way to Rome.
See below some details about the site from Wikipedia.
"Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. Established as a military camp in 106 during Trajan's Dacian Wars, the city quickly grew through trade with the native Dacians and became the capital of the province Dacia Porolissensis in 124. The site is one of the largest and best-preserved archaeological sites in modern-day Romania, 8 km away from Zalău, Sălaj County.
Even though the city was founded as a military center in the middle of a war, the garrison of Porolissum seems to have lived in peaceful coexistence with their Dacian neighbours - several Dacian villages that were apparently founded after the city of Porolissum have been uncovered by archaeologists on the surrounding hills. There are also some inscriptions mentioning city officials with Romano-Dacian names, indicating close cooperation on a political level.
The excavations by a number of teams are ongoing and have uncovered remnants of both the military installations and the civilian city, including public baths, a customs house, a temple to Liber Pater, an amphitheatre, insula consisting of four buildings and a number of houses. The main gate (Porta Praetoria) of the stone fortress has been rebuilt." (Wikipedia)
Chapelle seigneuriale reconstruite entre 1877 et 1879 sur l'emplacement de la chapelle médiévale.
Sous le sous-sol de la chapelle deux sarcophages ont été découverts
Elle est devenue à cette date le caveau familial de la famille de Tartas jusqu'en 1939.
Die Stadt wurde 902 zum ersten Mal unter dem Namen Castrum Babenberch erwähnt. Die Gründung des Bistums erfolgte 1007 durch Kaiser Heinrich II. seit 1993 gehört die Altstadt zum UNESCO Weltkulturerbe.
The city was mentioned for the first time 902 under the name of Castrum Babenberch. The foundation of the diocese was done in 1007 by Emperor Henry II. Since 1993 the Old Town, belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage.
Und schließlich ein Greifvogel für mich, mein Lieblingsgreifvogel, der Uhu; im Herbst wurde mir ein Foto gemacht, während ich einen halte und super glücklich ausstrahle :)
Beim Fest von Castrum Cernedum, mittelalterlichen Tag in Erinnerung an die Schenkung des Lehns vom Patriarchen Marquardo von Aquileia an Francesco aus Cernedum (Cergneu) im Jahr 1371. Die Burg wurde 1511 bei einem Erdbeben (hier relativ häufig) und auch infolge einer Revolte stark beschädigt und daher verlassen, jetzt besteht sie als Ruine.
Google Maps spinnt total, es heißt doch CERGNEU und nicht Gergneu! :(
Burg Cergneu / castello di Cergneu
Castrum Cernedum Burg Cergneu
Gufo a Cergneu
E infine un rapace per me stavolta, il mio rapace preferito, il gufo :) In autunno mi hanno fatto una foto mentre ne tengo uno e risplendo di gioia :)
Alla rievocazione storica di Cergneu, Castrum Cernedum:
Nel 1371 il Patriarca di Aquileia Marquardo conferma a Francesco di Cergneu l’investitura del feudo al quale si aggiungerà, un secolo dopo, il castello di Brazzacco.Il castello rimarrà abitato almeno fino al 1511 quando, a seguito di un violento sisma e della violenta rivolta del giovedì grasso, venne gravemente danneggiato e quindi abbandonato.
Il 17 giugno in località Cergneu a Nimis (Ud) rivivono quei giorni accompagnati dai cantastorie e libagioni alla tavola dei Nobili di Cernedum riccamente imbandita di cibi prelibati (minestra de orzo et verzure, cinghialo en umido, pollo allo spiedo).
Google Maps è fuori, mica si chiama Gergneu! :(
ⓒRebecca Bugge, All Rights Reserved
Do not use without permission.
The Caetani (the family of pope Boniface VIII) turned the mausoleum of Caecilia Metella into a fortification at the end of the 13th century, known as castrum Caetani. They also added parts in a more contemporary style - like this house adjoining the mausoleum and a church that is now also in ruins. It was later owned by well known families such as the Orsini and the Colonna
This late Roman Republican mausoleum (second half of the first century B.C.) was erected for Caecilia Metella and is now one of the most famous burial monuments in Rome - but we don't know that much about the lady herself, not even the exact dates of her life. She was the daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus who in 69 B.C. was consul. She was married to Marcus Licinius Crassus who might have been the son of Marcus Crassius, one of three members of the 'First Triumvirate' with Julius Caesar and Pompeius. The mausoleum is now robbed of its original interior - the ancient statues here have been found in the area, but they are not all connected to the mausoleum.
CAPPELLA DEI BIANDRATE
Il nucleo originario di San Silvestro risale all’XI secolo e fungeva da cappella privata dei Conti di Biandrate. Faceva parte dell’antico Castrum dei Biandrate di cui oggi rimangono ancora tracce e testimonianze archeologiche.
L'AMPLIAMENTO
Analizzando documenti storici e perizie, si può far risalire un primo ampliamento dell’edificio intorno al 1362. E’ probabile che invece gli affreschi e i dipinti – raffiguranti tra gli altri San Rocco, i Santi Fabiano e Sebastiano – siano stati realizzati in seguito alla grande pestilenza nel Novarese del 1484.
DAL XVI SECOLO
Dal Cinquecento ulteriori rimaneggiamenti interessano la chiesa, che assume un aspetto simile all’attuale, con navata unica, facciata “a capanna” e cappelle laterali. Anche nel periodo barocco alcuni rifacimenti riguardano l’abside.
IL DECLINO
Dagli Anni Novanta l’edificio è chiuso in quanto inagibile. Nel corso del Novecento, una serie di interventi nei dintorni e l’impossibilità per la Parrocchia di effettuare opere di adeguamento strutturale hanno reso l’edificio pericolante. La vegetazione ha fortemente invaso l’area circostante danneggiando le coperture; anche il prospetto esterno ha visto la formazione di fessure, oltre a una serie di infiltrazioni di acqua che hanno aggravato il quadro generale.
I RESTAURI E LA RIQUALIFICAZIONE
Dal luglio del 2022, la Fondazione UniversiCà, che gestisce anche il vicino Castello di Proh e tutto il suo compendio, ha ricevuto in comodato trentennale dalla Parrocchia di Briona (Diocesi di Novara) la Chiesa di San Silvestro.
La Fondazione, dopo un iter di progettazione che ha coinvolto professionisti che negli anni hanno compiuto studi e approfondimenti proprio su questa chiesa, ha avviato un progetto di messa in sicurezza e sistemazione dell’edificio in lotti. Il primo lotto, avviato nel mese di dicembre 2023, è sostenuto da Fondazione Cariplo e Fondazione di Intra.
Una volta eseguiti i lavori, San Silvestro diverrà centro culturale complementare al Castello di Proh gestito dalla Fondazione, che potrà ospitare visite guidate e iniziative. Anche questo edificio entrerà a far parte del “Cultural park delle Colline Novaresi” che comprenderà Castello, Parco, Chiesa e strutture rurali circostanti.
Castello Ursino
Il rapporto tra l’imperatore Federico II di Svevia e il castello Ursino (castrum sinus: castello sul golfo) è davvero singolare.
I motivi principali di questa relazione sono sostanzialmente due:
- il primo, logistico e difensivo (faceva parte di un strategia di protezione della costa ionica con il castello di Augusta e quello di Maniace a Siracusa).
- L’altro motivo che portò alla costruzione di questo edificio militare, viene ricondotto al rapporto conflittuale tra l’imperatore e la città di Catania (Federico II aveva deciso di distruggere la città ma, per motivi religiosi legati a Sant'Agata, la risparmiò).
Sette anni dopo iniziò la costruzione del castello, 1239-1250, che oltre ad essere sistema difensivo, come detto sopra, era la manifestazione del potere imperiale sulla città.
Testimoniato da un inserto sulla facciata principale con un aquila (Impero) che strozza un agnello (Catania).
Federico cambierà il rango di Catania, che da città governata da un vescovo-conte, diverrà una città demaniale sotto il controllo diretto dell’imperatore.
Federico II ripristinò il Liotro (Elefante) come simbolo di Catania nel 1239.
Ursino Castle
The relationship between Emperor Frederick II of Swabia and the Ursino castle (castrum sinus: castle on the gulf) is truly unique.
The main reasons for this relationship are basically two:
- the first, logistical and defensive (it was part of a strategy for the protection of the Ionian coast with the castle of Augusta and that of Maniace in Syracuse).
- The other reason that led to the construction of this military building, is traced back to the conflictual relationship between the emperor and the city of Catania (Frederick II had decided to destroy the city but, for religious reasons linked to Sant'Agata, he spared it ).
Seven years later the construction of the castle began, 1239-1250, which in addition to being a defensive system, as mentioned above, was the manifestation of imperial power over the city.
Testified by an insert on the main facade with an eagle (Impero) choking a lamb (Catania).
Federico will change the rank of Catania, which from a city governed by a bishop-count, will become a state-owned city under the direct control of the emperor.
Frederick II restored the Liotro (Elephant) as a symbol of Catania in 1239.
_MG_7918m
Bien triste de n'avoir pas réussi la mise au point. Pour autant les lumières et la composition m'ont conforté dans mon choix de partage. Nous pouvons voir la grand rue pleine de touriste, l'hôte de ville avec sa tourelle et le grand cloché de l'église de l'Invention-de-la-Sainte-Croix (décidément, y a de curieux noms ici).
Sources : Wikipedia sur Kaysersberg (Multi) && Documentation sur l'hôtel de ville (FR) && Wikipedia sur l'église (Multi) && Documentation sur l'église (FR) && Archive
Castillo de Turégano, Segovia, España.
El primitivo Castrum celtibérico fue aprovechado por los estrategas romanos para completar el sistema de fortificaciones con COLENDA “SEPTEMPUBLICA”,”PETRARIA” y “CAUCA” envolvían el territorio segoviano y dominaban las cuencas de los ríos de Eresma, Cega y Duratón. Del Castrum sólo quedan las torres en parte desmochadas, construidas posiblemente hacia finales del siglo X y de clara tradición árabe.
De planta cuadrada, fueron ejecutadas de fábrica de gruesos de cal y canto, aparecieron traspasadas en su parte inferior por un estrecho pasadizo conocido como “el paso de ronda” y unidas entre sí por tramos realizados en tapial.
El recinto de planta cuadrangular flanqueado por torreones circulares en los ángulos y rematados por hornacinas con la imagen de San Miguel. Como característica en común a lienzos y almenas, se encuentran saeteras del tipo cruz y orbe y palo y orbe. En todo sistema de protección encontramos también, matacanes, buhoneras, acodos, recovecos, balcones amatacanados y estrechas escaleras.
El edificio central se encuentra constituido por la torre del homenaje, cuyo interior se distribuye en estancias, estrechas escaleras, que comunican las distintas salas y una escalera helicoidal que conduce a la base de la torre, donde puede contemplarse el bellísimo paisaje y se palpa el carácter defensivo del castillo. Declarado monumento nacional en 1931, su emplazamiento recuerda la función defensiva por el que fue erigido. En su construcción se han de distinguir distintos conjuntos que lo compone: El Castrum y las torres, la primitiva iglesia de San Miguel, y el traslado de la espadaña a su lugar actual. Muchos autores defendieron la teoría de haberse construido a la par que al castillo, hoy se puede afirmar que la iglesia de San Miguel, de estilo románico, fue ejecutada a finales del siglo XII y a principios del siglo XIII.
En el ala oeste encontramos tres torreones construidos con similares características, sillares de piedra rosa, rematados entre sus lienzos por parapetos, matacanes y gárgolas de una pieza.
La entrada de la iglesia, marcada encima por el escudo episcopal, está defendida por dos torres especiales, polígonas en el primer cuerpo y circulares y circulares en el segundo, corre por ellas una línea de matacanes debajo de un arco abierto que hace las veces de galería, donde puede observarse un arco de crucería.
En ella destacan dos fases constructivas, la primera comprendería las naves laterales y la torre elevada, actualmente embutida dentro del torreón central. De la segunda fase destaca la nave central construida por buena sillería y cubierta con bóveda de cañón apuntada. Las obras que dan lugar al recinto amurallado se encuentran en el siglo XV, siendo emprendidas por Arias Dávila en 1471, continuadas por Arias del Villar y concluidas por Diego Rivera siguiendo el plan por el, trazado por el Prelado Arias Dávila. La última fase de la construcción es la colocación, en 1703, de la espadaña, de estilo barroco y rematada con frontón curvo.
The primitive Celtiberian Castrum was used by the Roman strategists to complete the system of fortifications with COLENDA "SEPTEMPUBLICA", "PETRARIA" and "CAUCA" wrapped around the territory of Segovia and dominated the basins of the rivers of Eresma, Cega and Duratón. Of the Castrum there are only partially towered towers, possibly built towards the end of the 10th century and with a clear Arab tradition.
Of square plant, they were executed of factory of thicknesses of lime and song, they appeared transferred in its inferior part by a narrow passageway known like "the passage of ronda" and united to each other by stretches realized in tapial.
The enclosure of quadrangular plant flanked by circular towers in the angles and topped by niches with the image of San Miguel. As a common characteristic of canvases and battlements, there are cross and orb and arrow and orb bows. In every system of protection we also find, machicolations, buhoneras, layering, recesses, balconies amatacanados and narrow stairs.
The central building is constituted by the keep, whose interior is distributed in rooms, narrow stairs, which connect the different rooms and a helical staircase that leads to the base of the tower, where you can contemplate the beautiful landscape and feel the defensive character of the castle. Declared a national monument in 1931, its location recalls the defensive function by which it was erected. In its construction we have to distinguish different groups that make it up: The Castrum and the towers, the primitive church of San Miguel, and the transfer of the bulrush to its current place. Many authors defended the theory of having built at the same time as the castle, today it can be said that the church of San Miguel, in Romanesque style, was executed at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century.
In the west wing we find three towers built with similar characteristics, rose stone ashlars, topped between their canvases by parapets, machicolations and one piece gargoyles.
The entrance of the church, marked above by the episcopal shield, is defended by two special towers, polygons in the first body and circular and circular in the second, runs through them a line of machicolations under an open arch that serves as gallery, where you can see an archway.
In her they emphasize two constructive phases, first would include the lateral ships and the elevated tower, at the moment embedded within the central tower. Of the second phase highlights the central nave built by good ashlar masonry and covered with pointed barrel vault. The works that give rise to the walled enclosure are in the XV century, being undertaken by Arias Dávila in 1471, continued by Arias del Villar and concluded by Diego Rivera following the plan by him, drawn by the Prelate Arias Dávila. The last phase of construction is the placement, in 1703, of the steeple, baroque style and topped with curved pediment.
Die Löwenburg wurde in der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts von Heinrich II., Graf von Sayn, der aus dem Westerwald vorgedrungen war, als Grenzfeste gegen die kurkölnischen Burgen Drachenfels und Wolkenburg errichtet. Urkundlich erwähnt wurde sie erstmals am 29. August 1247 als castrum Lewinberg bei der Aufteilung des saynischen Erbes durch Gräfin Mechthild von Sayn, die sich dabei das Wohnrecht auf der Burg vorbehielt. Die Hauptburg, Vorburg und der nördliche Außenbering entstanden im 13. Jahrhundert. Durch die Erbfolge gelangte die Burg 1269 an die Neffen Mechthilds, eine Linie der Grafen von Sponheim-Heinsberg, die sich ab sofort als Herren von Löwenburg bezeichnete. Der Hauptort ihrer Herrschaft wurde Honnef.
Als Folge zahlreicher Besitzerwechsel fiel die Burg 1484 an das Herzogtum Jülich-Berg und bildete das Amt Löwenburg, welches bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts von der Burg aus verwaltet wurde.
In Roman times the Castrum was called Artemisium, and the name was changed in 592 when Pope Gregorius Magnus ordered the remains of St. Agatha to be moved to Rome. In medieval times the castle was at the head of the whole area, and under the Lombards it was a garrison of the Dukedom of Benevento. Oral tradition tells the legend of Captain Agatone, Lord of Sant'Agata, killed by his barber who did not like his lord to exact the "ius primae noctis".
In the 11th century the castle was under the Normans, and Abagelardus tried to organize a rebellion against Duke Robert Giuscard, who in retaliation sieged Sant'Agata in 1079. In 1086 the lord of the castle was Guiscard's son, Roger of Altavilla, and in 1133 the Norman king Roger II took it under his rule. In the 15th century the parish church was built and the castle was transformed into a stately dwelling.
1159 wird Freudenberg als Lüllenseit erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Zwischen 1160 und 1200 erbaut das Hochstift Würzburg, zu dem der Ort gehört, die Burg Frouwedenberch, deren Name sich auf die Siedlung überträgt. Im Jahre 1287 wird Freudenberg erstmals in einer Urkunde als Stadt (castrum et civitas = Burg und Stadt) bezeichnet. Am 9. September 1295 bestätigt der Würzburger Fürstbischof den Grafen von Wertheim die Belehnung mit Burg und Stadt. Kaiser Ludwig der Bayer verleiht 1333 das Gelnhäuser Stadtrecht an Wertheim. Damit ist das Recht verbunden, einen Wochenmarkt abzuhalten und die niedere Gerichtsbarkeit selbst durchzuführen. 1362 wird der Stadt durch Kaiser Karl IV. auch das Zollrecht verliehen. Vierzehn Jahre später erhält die Stadt vom Kaiser auch die Hochgerichtsbarkeit. Kirchlich gehört Freudenberg zu jener Zeit zum Bistum Mainz, weltlich jedoch zum Hochstift Würzburg. Die Stadt wird 1423 zum Sitz des Amtes Freudenberg, das neben der Stadt selbst auch Ebenheid, Boxtal und zwei Höfe umfasst.
Nach dem Tod des letzten Wertheimer Grafen 1556 fällt das Lehen an das Hochstift Würzburg zurück. Nachdem zunächst die Grafen von Stolberg beliehen werden, gehen Stadt und Burg 1581 an die Herrschaft Löwenstein-Wertheim. Um die Wende zum 17. Jahrhundert trifft die Hexenverfolgung auch Freudenberg: 150 Bewohner der Stadt werden bis 1632 als Hexen und Hexer verbrannt. 1612 fällt die Stadt erneut an das Hochstift Würzburg zurück. Sie lag im Fränkischen Reichskreis.
Im Rahmen der Mediatisierung kommt Freudenberg 1803 an die Grafschaft Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg. Aber bereits 1806 wird die Stadt mit der Rheinbundakte badisch. Zunächst noch dem standesherrlichen Amt Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg zugehörig, kommt die Stadt mit dessen Auflösung 1813 zum Amt Wertheim, mit dem es 1938 im Landkreis Tauberbischofsheim aufgeht. Die Kreisreform 1973 führt schließlich zur Zugehörigkeit zum neuen Tauberkreis, der seit 1974 Main-Tauber-Kreis heißt. 1935 verliert Freudenberg das Stadtrecht, das dem Ort erst 1956 wieder verliehen wird. 1938 wird in der Reichspogromnacht die Synagoge zerstört, wobei der Gemeindediener Anton Beck die Thorarolle auf dem Rathausspeicher versteckt. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs werden in der Nacht von Karfreitag auf Karsamstag 1945 die erste Mainbrücke und der eiserne Steg an der Schleuse durch deutsche Soldaten zerstört. Die zweite Mainbrücke wurde 1950 errichtet. Seit dem Jahr 1968 ist Freudenberg ein staatlich anerkannter Erholungsort.
Freudenberg (also: Freudenberg am Main) is a town and a municipality in the district Main-Tauber-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Main and has a population around 3,700.
Freudenberg is located in the extreme northeast of the state of Baden-Württemberg, on the left bank of the river Main which here is the border to Bavaria. Across the river is the municipality of Collenberg. The old town of Freudenberg faces Kirschfurt, an Ortsteil of Collenberg. Freudenberg lies approximately 15 km west of Wertheim am Main, and 30 km south-east of Aschaffenburg.
Freudenberg is the terminus of the hiking path Nibelungensteig which starts at Zwingenberg (Bergstrasse). It is also located on the Nibelungenstraße, a tourist route from Worms to Wertheim. The hills on the left bank of the Main are part of the Mittelgebirge Odenwald while those on the opposite side of the river belong to the Spessart. The municipal territory totals 3,478 hectares and stretches far into the wooded hills.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
...so hieß es zumindest Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts - das heutige Schloss Klippenstein in Radeberg bei Dresden
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Castello Ursino
Il rapporto tra l’imperatore Federico II di Svevia e il castello Ursino (castrum sinus: castello sul golfo) è davvero singolare.
I motivi principali di questa relazione sono sostanzialmente due:
- il primo, logistico e difensivo (faceva parte di un strategia di protezione della costa ionica con il castello di Augusta e quello di Maniace a Siracusa).
- L’altro motivo che portò alla costruzione di questo edificio militare, viene ricondotto al rapporto conflittuale tra l’imperatore e la città di Catania (Federico II aveva deciso di distruggere la città ma, per motivi religiosi legati a Sant'Agata, la risparmiò).
Sette anni dopo iniziò la costruzione del castello, 1239-1250, che oltre ad essere sistema difensivo, come detto sopra, era la manifestazione del potere imperiale sulla città.
Testimoniato da un inserto sulla facciata principale con un aquila (Impero) che strozza un agnello (Catania).
Federico cambierà il rango di Catania, che da città governata da un vescovo-conte, diverrà una città demaniale sotto il controllo diretto dell’imperatore.
Federico II ripristinò il Liotro (Elefante) come simbolo di Catania nel 1239.
Ursino Castle
The relationship between Emperor Frederick II of Swabia and the Ursino castle (castrum sinus: castle on the gulf) is truly unique.
The main reasons for this relationship are basically two:
- the first, logistical and defensive (it was part of a strategy for the protection of the Ionian coast with the castle of Augusta and that of Maniace in Syracuse).
- The other reason that led to the construction of this military building, is traced back to the conflictual relationship between the emperor and the city of Catania (Frederick II had decided to destroy the city but, for religious reasons linked to Sant'Agata, he spared it ).
Seven years later the construction of the castle began, 1239-1250, which in addition to being a defensive system, as mentioned above, was the manifestation of imperial power over the city.
Testified by an insert on the main facade with an eagle (Impero) choking a lamb (Catania).
Federico will change the rank of Catania, which from a city governed by a bishop-count, will become a state-owned city under the direct control of the emperor.
Frederick II restored the Liotro (Elephant) as a symbol of Catania in 1239.
_MG_7917m
Depuis Sauveterre de Guyenne, on aborde le Castrum par un chemin creux dominant la Vignague.
La porte nord est une simple ouverture pratiquée dans l'épaisseur du mur d'enceinte d'une hauteur de 6,50 m avec un couloir d'une longueur totale de 3,30 m.
Tout comme celui du mur d'enceinte attenant, le couronnement de la porte a disparu.
Place forte féodale, ce lieu joua un rôle économique mais aussi militaire important.
Le château primitif fut abattu, sur l'ordre de Philippe le Bel, vers 1302.
Par la suite, cette place protégée par des remparts devait abriter une petite agglomération dont il était encore question au XVIe siècle.
Moulin, pont médiéval, chapelle, porte fortifiée, courtines, édifices du XVIe siècle en font un merveilleux site, chargé d'histoire, dans un paysage étonnant.
Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. During the same period, the castle of Esztergom was built on the site of ancient Roman castrum. It served not only as the royal residence until the 1241 (the Mongol invasion), but also as the center of the Hungarian state, religion, and Esztergom county.
After changing his residence to Budapest, Béla IV gave the palace and castle to the archbishop. Following these events, the castle was built and decorated by the bishops. The center of the king’s town, which was surrounded by walls, was still under royal authority. A number of different monasteries did return or settle in the religious center.
Meanwhile, the citizenry had been fighting to maintain and reclaim the rights of towns against the expansion of the church within the royal town. In the chaotic years after the fall of the House of Árpád, Esztergom suffered another calamity: in 1304, the forces of Wenceslaus II, the Czech king occupied and raided the castle. In the years to come, the castle was owned by several individuals: Róbert Károly and then Louis the Great patronized the town.
The Ottoman conquest of Mohács in 1526 brought a decline to the previously flourishing Esztergom as well. In the Battle of Mohács, the archbishop of Esztergom died. In the period between 1526 and 1543, when two rival kings reigned in Hungary, Esztergom was besieged six times. At times it was the forces of Ferdinand I or John Zápolya, at other times the Ottomans attacked. Finally, in 1530, Ferdinand I occupied the castle. He put foreign mercenaries in the castle, and sent the chapter and the bishopric to Nagyszombat and Pozsony.
However, in 1543 Sultan Suleiman I attacked the castle and took it. Esztergom became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak controlling several counties, and also a significant castle on the northwest border of the Ottoman Empire. In the 17th century Esztergom was besieged and conquered several times during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Most of the buildings in the castle and the town that had been built in the Middle Ages were destroyed during this period, and there were only uninhabitable, smothered ruins to welcome the liberators.
In 1761 the bishopric regained control over the castle, where they started the preliminary processes of the reconstruction of the new religious center: the middle of the Várhegy (Castle Hill), the remains of Saint Stephen and Saint Adalbert churches were carried away to provide room for the new cathedral.
Castillo de Turégano, Segovia, España.
El primitivo Castrum celtibérico fue aprovechado por los estrategas romanos para completar el sistema de fortificaciones con COLENDA “SEPTEMPUBLICA”,”PETRARIA” y “CAUCA” envolvían el territorio segoviano y dominaban las cuencas de los ríos de Eresma, Cega y Duratón. Del Castrum sólo quedan las torres en parte desmochadas, construidas posiblemente hacia finales del siglo X y de clara tradición árabe.
De planta cuadrada, fueron ejecutadas de fábrica de gruesos de cal y canto, aparecieron traspasadas en su parte inferior por un estrecho pasadizo conocido como “el paso de ronda” y unidas entre sí por tramos realizados en tapial.
El recinto de planta cuadrangular flanqueado por torreones circulares en los ángulos y rematados por hornacinas con la imagen de San Miguel. Como característica en común a lienzos y almenas, se encuentran saeteras del tipo cruz y orbe y palo y orbe. En todo sistema de protección encontramos también, matacanes, buhoneras, acodos, recovecos, balcones amatacanados y estrechas escaleras.
El edificio central se encuentra constituido por la torre del homenaje, cuyo interior se distribuye en estancias, estrechas escaleras, que comunican las distintas salas y una escalera helicoidal que conduce a la base de la torre, donde puede contemplarse el bellísimo paisaje y se palpa el carácter defensivo del castillo. Declarado monumento nacional en 1931, su emplazamiento recuerda la función defensiva por el que fue erigido. En su construcción se han de distinguir distintos conjuntos que lo compone: El Castrum y las torres, la primitiva iglesia de San Miguel, y el traslado de la espadaña a su lugar actual. Muchos autores defendieron la teoría de haberse construido a la par que al castillo, hoy se puede afirmar que la iglesia de San Miguel, de estilo románico, fue ejecutada a finales del siglo XII y a principios del siglo XIII.
En el ala oeste encontramos tres torreones construidos con similares características, sillares de piedra rosa, rematados entre sus lienzos por parapetos, matacanes y gárgolas de una pieza.
La entrada de la iglesia, marcada encima por el escudo episcopal, está defendida por dos torres especiales, polígonas en el primer cuerpo y circulares y circulares en el segundo, corre por ellas una línea de matacanes debajo de un arco abierto que hace las veces de galería, donde puede observarse un arco de crucería.
En ella destacan dos fases constructivas, la primera comprendería las naves laterales y la torre elevada, actualmente embutida dentro del torreón central. De la segunda fase destaca la nave central construida por buena sillería y cubierta con bóveda de cañón apuntada. Las obras que dan lugar al recinto amurallado se encuentran en el siglo XV, siendo emprendidas por Arias Dávila en 1471, continuadas por Arias del Villar y concluidas por Diego Rivera siguiendo el plan por el, trazado por el Prelado Arias Dávila. La última fase de la construcción es la colocación, en 1703, de la espadaña, de estilo barroco y rematada con frontón curvo.
The primitive Celtiberian Castrum was used by the Roman strategists to complete the system of fortifications with COLENDA "SEPTEMPUBLICA", "PETRARIA" and "CAUCA" wrapped around the territory of Segovia and dominated the basins of the rivers of Eresma, Cega and Duratón. Of the Castrum there are only partially towered towers, possibly built towards the end of the 10th century and with a clear Arab tradition.
Of square plant, they were executed of factory of thicknesses of lime and song, they appeared transferred in its inferior part by a narrow passageway known like "the passage of ronda" and united to each other by stretches realized in tapial.
The enclosure of quadrangular plant flanked by circular towers in the angles and topped by niches with the image of San Miguel. As a common characteristic of canvases and battlements, there are cross and orb and arrow and orb bows. In every system of protection we also find, machicolations, buhoneras, layering, recesses, balconies amatacanados and narrow stairs.
The central building is constituted by the keep, whose interior is distributed in rooms, narrow stairs, which connect the different rooms and a helical staircase that leads to the base of the tower, where you can contemplate the beautiful landscape and feel the defensive character of the castle. Declared a national monument in 1931, its location recalls the defensive function by which it was erected. In its construction we have to distinguish different groups that make it up: The Castrum and the towers, the primitive church of San Miguel, and the transfer of the bulrush to its current place. Many authors defended the theory of having built at the same time as the castle, today it can be said that the church of San Miguel, in Romanesque style, was executed at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century.
In the west wing we find three towers built with similar characteristics, rose stone ashlars, topped between their canvases by parapets, machicolations and one piece gargoyles.
The entrance of the church, marked above by the episcopal shield, is defended by two special towers, polygons in the first body and circular and circular in the second, runs through them a line of machicolations under an open arch that serves as gallery, where you can see an archway.
In her they emphasize two constructive phases, first would include the lateral ships and the elevated tower, at the moment embedded within the central tower. Of the second phase highlights the central nave built by good ashlar masonry and covered with pointed barrel vault. The works that give rise to the walled enclosure are in the XV century, being undertaken by Arias Dávila in 1471, continued by Arias del Villar and concluded by Diego Rivera following the plan by him, drawn by the Prelate Arias Dávila. The last phase of construction is the placement, in 1703, of the steeple, baroque style and topped with curved pediment.
Il mausoleo di Cecilia Metella e il Castrum Caetani costituiscono un continuum archeologico, che sorge a Roma, poco prima del III miglio della Via Appia Antica, subito dopo il complesso costituito dal circo, dalla villa, e dal sepolcro del figlio dell'imperatore Massenzio, Valerio Romolo.
Nel 2013 il circuito museale delle terme di Caracalla, della tomba di Cecilia Metella e della villa dei Quintili è stato il ventiduesimo sito statale italiano più visitato, con 245.613 visitatori e un introito lordo totale di 883.344 Euro.
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Castillo de Turégano, Segovia, España.
El primitivo Castrum celtibérico fue aprovechado por los estrategas romanos para completar el sistema de fortificaciones con COLENDA “SEPTEMPUBLICA”,”PETRARIA” y “CAUCA” envolvían el territorio segoviano y dominaban las cuencas de los ríos de Eresma, Cega y Duratón. Del Castrum sólo quedan las torres en parte desmochadas, construidas posiblemente hacia finales del siglo X y de clara tradición árabe.
De planta cuadrada, fueron ejecutadas de fábrica de gruesos de cal y canto, aparecieron traspasadas en su parte inferior por un estrecho pasadizo conocido como “el paso de ronda” y unidas entre sí por tramos realizados en tapial.
El recinto de planta cuadrangular flanqueado por torreones circulares en los ángulos y rematados por hornacinas con la imagen de San Miguel. Como característica en común a lienzos y almenas, se encuentran saeteras del tipo cruz y orbe y palo y orbe. En todo sistema de protección encontramos también, matacanes, buhoneras, acodos, recovecos, balcones amatacanados y estrechas escaleras.
El edificio central se encuentra constituido por la torre del homenaje, cuyo interior se distribuye en estancias, estrechas escaleras, que comunican las distintas salas y una escalera helicoidal que conduce a la base de la torre, donde puede contemplarse el bellísimo paisaje y se palpa el carácter defensivo del castillo. Declarado monumento nacional en 1931, su emplazamiento recuerda la función defensiva por el que fue erigido. En su construcción se han de distinguir distintos conjuntos que lo compone: El Castrum y las torres, la primitiva iglesia de San Miguel, y el traslado de la espadaña a su lugar actual. Muchos autores defendieron la teoría de haberse construido a la par que al castillo, hoy se puede afirmar que la iglesia de San Miguel, de estilo románico, fue ejecutada a finales del siglo XII y a principios del siglo XIII.
En el ala oeste encontramos tres torreones construidos con similares características, sillares de piedra rosa, rematados entre sus lienzos por parapetos, matacanes y gárgolas de una pieza.
La entrada de la iglesia, marcada encima por el escudo episcopal, está defendida por dos torres especiales, polígonas en el primer cuerpo y circulares y circulares en el segundo, corre por ellas una línea de matacanes debajo de un arco abierto que hace las veces de galería, donde puede observarse un arco de crucería.
En ella destacan dos fases constructivas, la primera comprendería las naves laterales y la torre elevada, actualmente embutida dentro del torreón central. De la segunda fase destaca la nave central construida por buena sillería y cubierta con bóveda de cañón apuntada. Las obras que dan lugar al recinto amurallado se encuentran en el siglo XV, siendo emprendidas por Arias Dávila en 1471, continuadas por Arias del Villar y concluidas por Diego Rivera siguiendo el plan por el, trazado por el Prelado Arias Dávila. La última fase de la construcción es la colocación, en 1703, de la espadaña, de estilo barroco y rematada con frontón curvo.
The primitive Celtiberian Castrum was used by the Roman strategists to complete the system of fortifications with COLENDA "SEPTEMPUBLICA", "PETRARIA" and "CAUCA" wrapped around the territory of Segovia and dominated the basins of the rivers of Eresma, Cega and Duratón. Of the Castrum there are only partially towered towers, possibly built towards the end of the 10th century and with a clear Arab tradition.
Of square plant, they were executed of factory of thicknesses of lime and song, they appeared transferred in its inferior part by a narrow passageway known like "the passage of ronda" and united to each other by stretches realized in tapial.
The enclosure of quadrangular plant flanked by circular towers in the angles and topped by niches with the image of San Miguel. As a common characteristic of canvases and battlements, there are cross and orb and arrow and orb bows. In every system of protection we also find, machicolations, buhoneras, layering, recesses, balconies amatacanados and narrow stairs.
The central building is constituted by the keep, whose interior is distributed in rooms, narrow stairs, which connect the different rooms and a helical staircase that leads to the base of the tower, where you can contemplate the beautiful landscape and feel the defensive character of the castle. Declared a national monument in 1931, its location recalls the defensive function by which it was erected. In its construction we have to distinguish different groups that make it up: The Castrum and the towers, the primitive church of San Miguel, and the transfer of the bulrush to its current place. Many authors defended the theory of having built at the same time as the castle, today it can be said that the church of San Miguel, in Romanesque style, was executed at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century.
In the west wing we find three towers built with similar characteristics, rose stone ashlars, topped between their canvases by parapets, machicolations and one piece gargoyles.
The entrance of the church, marked above by the episcopal shield, is defended by two special towers, polygons in the first body and circular and circular in the second, runs through them a line of machicolations under an open arch that serves as gallery, where you can see an archway.
In her they emphasize two constructive phases, first would include the lateral ships and the elevated tower, at the moment embedded within the central tower. Of the second phase highlights the central nave built by good ashlar masonry and covered with pointed barrel vault. The works that give rise to the walled enclosure are in the XV century, being undertaken by Arias Dávila in 1471, continued by Arias del Villar and concluded by Diego Rivera following the plan by him, drawn by the Prelate Arias Dávila. The last phase of construction is the placement, in 1703, of the steeple, baroque style and topped with curved pediment.
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La storia di Spilimbergo inizia attorno all'XI secolo, quando i conti Spengenberg, originari della Carinzia, si trapiantarono nella zona in qualità di vassalli del patriarca di Aquileia. Dal castrum de Spengenberg, come fu detto il loro castello, derivò il nome del paese.
In verità la presenza umana ha origini ben più antiche. Nella frazione Gradisca, infatti, sono stati individuati i resti di un castelliere, mentre lo stesso castrum potrebbe risalire all'epoca romana: per di qui transitava una strada che, provenendo da Sacile, attraversava il Tagliamento per dirigersi poi verso la Germania.
Nei secoli successivi all'insediamento degli Spengenberg, Spilimbergo si sviluppò sia come piazzaforte militare, sia come centro di transito commerciale. Si assistette a una vistosa crescita demografica e urbanistica, grazie anche all'arrivo di "forestieri" come lombardi, toscani ed ebrei. Nel 1284, ad opera del conte Walterpertoldo II, si iniziò la costruzione del Duomo, uno dei più pregevoli monumenti romanico-gotici del Friuli; coevi sono il palazzo del Daziario, la casa del Capitano e la Loggia (attuale municipio). Nel 1326, su iniziativa dei conti Bregonia e Bartolomeo, la giurisdizione di Spilimbergo si dotò addirittura di un proprio corpus legislativo lo "Statuto della Terra di Spilimbergo".
Nel 1420 la cittadina seguì le sorti della Patria del Friuli e passò alla Repubblica di Venezia.
Medaglia d'oro al Merito Civile - nastrino per uniforme ordinariaMedaglia d'oro al Merito Civile
«In occasione di un disastroso terremoto, con grande dignità, spirito di sacrificio ed impegno civile, affrontava la difficile opera di ricostruzione del tessuto abitativo, nonché della rinascita del proprio futuro sociale, morale ed economico. Splendido esempio di valore civico e d'alto senso del dovere, meritevole dell'ammirazione e della riconoscenza della Nazione tutta.»
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The history of Spilimbergo begins around the 11th century, when the Spengenberg counts, originally from Carinthia, transplanted into the area as vassals of the patriarch of Aquileia. From the castrum de Spengenberg, as their castle was said, the name of the village derived.
In truth, human presence has far more ancient origins. In the hamlet of Gradisca, in fact, the remains of a castle were identified, while the castrum itself could date back to Roman times: a road passed through here which, coming from Sacile, crossed the Tagliamento to then head towards Germany.
In the centuries following the settlement of the Spengenbergs, Spilimbergo developed both as a military stronghold and as a commercial transit center. There was a noticeable demographic and urban growth, thanks also to the arrival of "foreigners" such as Lombards, Tuscans and Jews. In 1284, the construction of the Duomo began, by Count Walterpertoldo II, one of the most valuable Romanesque-Gothic monuments in Friuli; coeval are the Palazzo del Daziario, the Captain's house and the Loggia (present town hall). In 1326, on the initiative of the counts Bregonia and Bartolomeo, the jurisdiction of Spilimbergo even endowed its own corpus of legislation with the "Statute of the Land of Spilimbergo".
In 1420 the town followed the fate of the Patria del Friuli and passed to the Republic of Venice.
Gold medal for Civil Merit - ribbon for ordinary uniform Gold medal for Civil Merit
«On the occasion of a disastrous earthquake, with great dignity, a spirit of sacrifice and civil commitment, he faced the difficult work of reconstructing the housing fabric, as well as the rebirth of his social, moral and economic future. A splendid example of civic value and a high sense of duty, worthy of the admiration and gratitude of the whole nation. »
Belvès est une ancienne commune française située dans le département de la Dordogne, en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine. De 1790 à 2015, la commune a été le chef-lieu d'un canton.
Elle fait partie de l'association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France.
Au 1er janvier 2016, elle fusionne avec Saint-Amand-de-Belvès pour former la commune nouvelle de Pays de Belvès.
Entrée du castrum (XIème siècle) à côté de la résidence de l'archevêque.
Photo du 8 septembre 2012.
Aquesta fortificació al penya-segat és el centre original del castrum, esmentat per primera vegada el 1259, però sens dubte construït sobre fonaments anteriors.
El nom Castell dels Anglesos prové del presumpte ús d'aquestes estructures per part de companyies angleses durant la Guerra dels Cent Anys. El de Cabrerets va ser parcialment destruït el 1390 per evitar el seu ús com a fortalesa.
Encara existeixen les restes d'un edifici principal, una torre rodona i una capella. És l'única fortificació al penya-segat prou gran per allotjar un assentament permanent.
Aquesta foto ha jugat a Quel est ce lieu.
ARTEGNA. IL CASTELLETTO CON IL CAMPANILE
Il Castrum Artenia è uno dei castelli longobardi ricordati nella Historia Longobardorum di Paolo Diacono, i resti del vecchio castello sono localizzati in cima al colle nell’area ora occupata dalla chiesetta di San Martino. Nel XIII secolo i signori di Artegna cominciarono la costruzione di un altro edificio, ampliando e trasformando le strutture poste all’ingresso: il muro di cinta e la torre di guardia. Sorse così quello che ora viene definito castrum inferius o castelletto, date le dimensioni ridotte rispetto al precedente castello superiore. Questo nuovo complesso, di cui il muro portante e la torre risultano essere le parti più antiche, divenne sede abitativa dei Signori di Artegna e rimase di proprietà della stessa casata fino al 1384.
Note tratte dal sito:
fondoambiente.it/luoghi/castello-savorgnan-di-artegna?ldc
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ARTEGNA. THE SMALL CASTLE WITH THE BELL TOWER
The Castrum Artenia is one of the Lombard castles mentioned in the Historia Longobardorum by Paolo Diacono, the remains of the old castle are located on top of the hill in the area now occupied by the church of San Martino. In the 13th century the lords of Artegna began the construction of another building, expanding and transforming the structures at the entrance: the surrounding wall and the watchtower. Thus arose what is now called castrum inferius or small castle, given its smaller size compared to the previous upper castle. This new complex, of which the load-bearing wall and the tower are the oldest parts, became the residential seat of the Lords of Artegna and remained the property of the same family until 1384.
CANON EOS 600D con ob. SIGMA 70-300 f./4-5,6 DG
Castillo de Turégano, Segovia, España.
El primitivo Castrum celtibérico fue aprovechado por los estrategas romanos para completar el sistema de fortificaciones con COLENDA “SEPTEMPUBLICA”,”PETRARIA” y “CAUCA” envolvían el territorio segoviano y dominaban las cuencas de los ríos de Eresma, Cega y Duratón. Del Castrum sólo quedan las torres en parte desmochadas, construidas posiblemente hacia finales del siglo X y de clara tradición árabe.
De planta cuadrada, fueron ejecutadas de fábrica de gruesos de cal y canto, aparecieron traspasadas en su parte inferior por un estrecho pasadizo conocido como “el paso de ronda” y unidas entre sí por tramos realizados en tapial.
El recinto de planta cuadrangular flanqueado por torreones circulares en los ángulos y rematados por hornacinas con la imagen de San Miguel. Como característica en común a lienzos y almenas, se encuentran saeteras del tipo cruz y orbe y palo y orbe. En todo sistema de protección encontramos también, matacanes, buhoneras, acodos, recovecos, balcones amatacanados y estrechas escaleras.
El edificio central se encuentra constituido por la torre del homenaje, cuyo interior se distribuye en estancias, estrechas escaleras, que comunican las distintas salas y una escalera helicoidal que conduce a la base de la torre, donde puede contemplarse el bellísimo paisaje y se palpa el carácter defensivo del castillo. Declarado monumento nacional en 1931, su emplazamiento recuerda la función defensiva por el que fue erigido. En su construcción se han de distinguir distintos conjuntos que lo compone: El Castrum y las torres, la primitiva iglesia de San Miguel, y el traslado de la espadaña a su lugar actual. Muchos autores defendieron la teoría de haberse construido a la par que al castillo, hoy se puede afirmar que la iglesia de San Miguel, de estilo románico, fue ejecutada a finales del siglo XII y a principios del siglo XIII.
En el ala oeste encontramos tres torreones construidos con similares características, sillares de piedra rosa, rematados entre sus lienzos por parapetos, matacanes y gárgolas de una pieza.
La entrada de la iglesia, marcada encima por el escudo episcopal, está defendida por dos torres especiales, polígonas en el primer cuerpo y circulares y circulares en el segundo, corre por ellas una línea de matacanes debajo de un arco abierto que hace las veces de galería, donde puede observarse un arco de crucería.
En ella destacan dos fases constructivas, la primera comprendería las naves laterales y la torre elevada, actualmente embutida dentro del torreón central. De la segunda fase destaca la nave central construida por buena sillería y cubierta con bóveda de cañón apuntada. Las obras que dan lugar al recinto amurallado se encuentran en el siglo XV, siendo emprendidas por Arias Dávila en 1471, continuadas por Arias del Villar y concluidas por Diego Rivera siguiendo el plan por el, trazado por el Prelado Arias Dávila. La última fase de la construcción es la colocación, en 1703, de la espadaña, de estilo barroco y rematada con frontón curvo.
The primitive Celtiberian Castrum was used by the Roman strategists to complete the system of fortifications with COLENDA "SEPTEMPUBLICA", "PETRARIA" and "CAUCA" wrapped around the territory of Segovia and dominated the basins of the rivers of Eresma, Cega and Duratón. Of the Castrum there are only partially towered towers, possibly built towards the end of the 10th century and with a clear Arab tradition.
Of square plant, they were executed of factory of thicknesses of lime and song, they appeared transferred in its inferior part by a narrow passageway known like "the passage of ronda" and united to each other by stretches realized in tapial.
The enclosure of quadrangular plant flanked by circular towers in the angles and topped by niches with the image of San Miguel. As a common characteristic of canvases and battlements, there are cross and orb and arrow and orb bows. In every system of protection we also find, machicolations, buhoneras, layering, recesses, balconies amatacanados and narrow stairs.
The central building is constituted by the keep, whose interior is distributed in rooms, narrow stairs, which connect the different rooms and a helical staircase that leads to the base of the tower, where you can contemplate the beautiful landscape and feel the defensive character of the castle. Declared a national monument in 1931, its location recalls the defensive function by which it was erected. In its construction we have to distinguish different groups that make it up: The Castrum and the towers, the primitive church of San Miguel, and the transfer of the bulrush to its current place. Many authors defended the theory of having built at the same time as the castle, today it can be said that the church of San Miguel, in Romanesque style, was executed at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century.
In the west wing we find three towers built with similar characteristics, rose stone ashlars, topped between their canvases by parapets, machicolations and one piece gargoyles.
The entrance of the church, marked above by the episcopal shield, is defended by two special towers, polygons in the first body and circular and circular in the second, runs through them a line of machicolations under an open arch that serves as gallery, where you can see an archway.
In her they emphasize two constructive phases, first would include the lateral ships and the elevated tower, at the moment embedded within the central tower. Of the second phase highlights the central nave built by good ashlar masonry and covered with pointed barrel vault. The works that give rise to the walled enclosure are in the XV century, being undertaken by Arias Dávila in 1471, continued by Arias del Villar and concluded by Diego Rivera following the plan by him, drawn by the Prelate Arias Dávila. The last phase of construction is the placement, in 1703, of the steeple, baroque style and topped with curved pediment.
"Beauchastel est un village ardéchois situé à la rencontre entre l'Eyrieux et le Rhône. La première mention du village Bellum Castrum date de 1179 quand l'Evêque de Valence en fait don à son neveu Odon de Retourtour" (Beauchastel, Ardèche, France).
XVème et XVIIIème siècles
D’abord castrum mérovingien, puis forteresse médiévale, le château fut construit par la famille de Scorailles à la fin de la Guerre de Cent Ans. Au XVIIIème siècle le château fut transformé par Bertrand d'Humières, il modifia la demeure féodale des Scorailles en demeure de charme. La particularité du château est qu'il a toujours été habité. A noter le passage de Jean-Jacques Rousseau en 1767 qui traversa le Cantal pour y composer un herbier, de la Princesse de Condé durant la Fronde (1648) et de Christophe Malivoire célèbre trouvère du Moyen Age (1486).
Inscrit MH (1991)
Le Castrum de Pommiers est un ancien bourg castral fondé au XIIIe siècle en Gironde. Mentionné dès 1274 comme « castrum de Pomeriis », il a connu cinq siècles d’activité avant d’être transformé en domaine viticole au XIXe siècle
Quatre castrums sur le même circuit : Quertinheux, Surdespine, Tour Régine, Cabaret.
A droite: Surdespine, au milieu Tour Régine , au dernier plan derrière les cyprès: Cabaret
Monument historique
Eléments protégés : Quatre châteaux (ruines) : classement par arrêté du 31 octobre 1905
Historique :
Les châteaux comprennent une tour, une cour étroite et quelques bâtiments adossés pouvant contenir une ou deux salles avec une citerne. Ce peu d'importance des constructions fait penser qu'ils étaient plutôt destinés à être le signe d'une suzeraineté que de véritables forteresses. Suzeraineté peut-être partagée par quatre co-seigneurs. Leur force résidait dans leur situation inaccessible, la construction étant ordinaire. Les chaines, arcs et piédroits de baies sont seuls en pierre de taille, le reste étant en moellons. Le plus au sud est planté sur un piton rocheux. La tour ronde servant de donjon s'élevait de quatre étages percés d'archères. Trois étaient séparés par des planchers et le quatrième couvert par une voûte qui portait le dallage supérieur. Il ne reste que les naissances des nervures. La salle contigüe est entourée d'arcades en ogives sur lesquelles passe le chemin de ronde. Des trois châteaux suivants, le second et le plus en ruine. Le donjon était carré et la cour à l'ouest assez vaste. Le troisième édifice présente une tour ronde semblable à celle du premier. Le quatrième, le plus au nord, avec une tour carrée, s'élève sur la pointe extrême de la ligne de faîte. Les bâtiments présentent des traces de chemin de ronde et des divisions intérieures. Ces constructions semblent remonter au 13e siècle. La base des tours est peut-être plus ancienne.
Périodes de construction : 12e siècle, 13e siècle, 16e siècle