View allAll Photos Tagged Castrum
The Castle was rebuild after it was decided to abandon plans to built a fortress ( a former Roman Castrum ). It was ,at the time ,one the biggest defensive fortification ever built on Portuguese territory ,indicating not only the size of the project but also the importance of the Order of the Temple .(Founded in Jerusalem in 1118 by Hugues de Payens ,a cousin of St. Bernard of Clairvaux ,with Godefroi de St. Omer .)
Il Castello fu ricostruito dopo che fu deciso di abbandonare il piano per costruire la Rocca ( a forma di Castro Romano ).
Esso fu nello stesso tempo la più grande fortificazione difensiva in territorio Portoghese , ma aumentò l'importanza dell'Ordine del Tempio ( Fondato a Gerusalemmme nel 1118 da Ugo di Payens ,un cugino di S. Bernardo di Clairvaux con Goffredo di S. Omer )
Le château de Pommiers est un ensemble de bâtiments en grande partie médiévaux situé sur la commune de Saint-Félix-de-Foncaude, dans le département de la Gironde.
Les vestiges de l'ancien village féodal de Pommiers, appelé castrum à l'instar des camps fortifiés romains sont avant tout constitués d'une enceinte triangulaire datant du début du XIVe siècle avec une porte d'entrée à la pointe nord, une imposante tour castrale comportant une porte identique, à l'angle sud-ouest et une courtine en façade sud surplombant le cours de la Vignagne ; le logis seigneurial et une chapelle sont postérieurs à cette époque de même qu'un colombier du XVIIe siècle à l'extérieur, au milieu des vignes au nord.
En 1250, mention du "castrum de Petramala" qui fait partie de la vignerie et diocèse d'Uzès. Il semble qu'il y ait eu un petit ensemble fortifié sur cet éperon, immédiatement en arrière de l'église actuelle. Un prieuré fut fondé à Peyremale par des moines bénédictins de l'abbaye de Sauve et ce sont probablement eux qui construisirent l'église romane primitive. Le prieuré devint ensuite, jusqu'à la Révolution, le prieuré Notre-Dame de Peyremale, à la collation de l'évêque d'Uzès. En 1731, des modifications furent apportées à l'église primitive pour accroître sa capacité (construction d'une chapelle semi-ogivale au sud, d'une tribune et d'un clocher). Entre 1833 et 1881, un porche et une porte furent ajoutés. La petite chapelle de la Vierge est agrandie en sacristie. L'église est construite dans le matériau du pays : moellons plats irréguliers en schiste gréseux brun et lauzes pour la toiture. La façade occidentale est surmontée par le clocher trapu et aveugle. Les encadrements des rares baies, les chaînages d'angles, la corniche en doucine sont en grès clair. L'interruption de la corniche au niveau de la façade ouest et la surélévation de la toiture de la nef au pignon est, témoignent de la reconstruction partielle de l'édifice au XVIIe siècle. L'édifice présente un plan général cruciforme, le rajout des deux chapelles latérales formant faux transept. La nef est voûtée en berceau brisé sur doubleau, les chapelles en berceau brisé, l'abside en cul de four. La chapelle nord conserve des traces de peinture rougeâtre qui représenteraient les signes du zodiaque séparés par des traits doubles. Cette église se rattache stylistiquement au groupe des églises de cette région dont le type est de Bonnevaux dont la communauté monastique était composée de bâtisseurs qui savaient créer en particulier des effets décoratifs en prenant des pierres de teintes différentes.
🇫🇷 Le nom italien de la commune vient du latin Castrum Ruptum « château détruit » (ruiné). Le nom allemand est d'origine Wälser et signifie, avec le suffixe « Ruth », emplacement d'une forteresse dominant un défilé.
le Tyrol autrichien est germanophone, tandis que le Tyrol italien présente une situation linguistique plus complexe : au Sud-Tyrol, la moitié de la population se déclare germanophone, un tiers est italophone et il y a une minorité (4 %) ladinophone.
Mais Castelrotto est une commune trilingue à majorité germanophone ; les statistiques de 2002 indiquaient :
•germanophones : 82 % ;
•ladinophones : 15 % ; explication cliché suivant
•italophones : 3 %.
•
🇩🇪 Der italienische Name der Gemeinde stammt vom lateinischen Castrum Ruptum "zerstörte Burg" (Ruine). Der deutsche Name ist Wälser Ursprungs und bedeutet mit dem Suffix "Ruth" Standort einer Festung, die eine Schlucht beherrscht.
Das österreichische Tirol ist deutschsprachig, während das italienische Tirol eine komplexere Sprachsituation aufweist: In Südtirol bezeichnet sich die Hälfte der Bevölkerung als deutschsprachig, ein Drittel als italienischsprachig und es gibt eine Minderheit (4 %), die ladinischsprachig ist.
Kastelruth ist jedoch eine dreisprachige Gemeinde mit einer deutschsprachigen Mehrheit; die Statistiken von 2002 lauteten:
- Deutschsprachige: 82 % ;
- ladinischsprachig: 15 %; Erklärung folgendes Klischee.
- Italienischsprachige: 3 %.
🇮🇹 Il nome italiano del comune deriva dal latino Castrum Ruptum "castello distrutto" (rovinato). Il nome tedesco è di origine wälser e significa, con il suffisso "Ruth", la posizione di una fortezza che domina una gola.
Il Tirolo austriaco è di lingua tedesca, mentre il Tirolo italiano presenta una situazione linguistica più complessa: in Alto Adige, metà della popolazione si dichiara di lingua tedesca, un terzo di lingua italiana e una minoranza (4%) di lingua ladina.
Ma Castelrotto è un comune trilingue con una maggioranza di lingua tedesca, come risulta dalle statistiche del 2002:
- Parlanti di lingua tedesca: 82%;
- Ladini: 15%; spiegazione del seguente cliché
- Parlano italiano: 3%.
🇬🇧 The Italian name of the municipality is derived from the Latin Castrum Ruptum 'destroyed castle' (ruined). The German name is of Wälser origin and means, with the suffix "Ruth", the location of a fortress overlooking a gorge.
The Austrian Tyrol is German-speaking, while the Italian Tyrol has a more complex linguistic situation: in South Tyrol, half of the population declares itself to be German-speaking, a third is Italian-speaking and there is a minority (4%) of Ladin speakers.
But Castelrotto is a trilingual municipality with a German-speaking majority; the 2002 statistics showed:
- German speakers: 82%;
- Ladin speakers: 15%; explanation of the following cliché
Civitas Tropaensium was a Roman castrum situated in Scythia Minor in modern Constanţa County, Romania. Its site is now the modern settlement of Adamclisi. It was colonized with Roman veterans of the Dacian Wars, was the largest Roman city of Scythia Minor and became a municipium around 200AD.
Viewed from the inside of Porolissum Roman castrum, were buildings or plots of land were reserved for or constructed for use as a military defensive position. See the outside view below.
We visited this extraordinary archaeological site which was once the most northern Roman fortress at the edge of the Roman Empire in Dacia, nowadays Romania. We walked on the Roman road which once connected Porolissum castrum with other Roman cities (Napoca, Apulum, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa), crossed the Danube at Drobeta and continued all the way to Rome.
See below some details about the site from Wikipedia.
"Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. Established as a military camp in 106 during Trajan's Dacian Wars, the city quickly grew through trade with the native Dacians and became the capital of the province Dacia Porolissensis in 124. The site is one of the largest and best-preserved archaeological sites in modern-day Romania, 8 km away from Zalău, Sălaj County.
Even though the city was founded as a military center in the middle of a war, the garrison of Porolissum seems to have lived in peaceful coexistence with their Dacian neighbours - several Dacian villages that were apparently founded after the city of Porolissum have been uncovered by archaeologists on the surrounding hills. There are also some inscriptions mentioning city officials with Romano-Dacian names, indicating close cooperation on a political level.
The excavations by a number of teams are ongoing and have uncovered remnants of both the military installations and the civilian city, including public baths, a customs house, a temple to Liber Pater, an amphitheatre, insula consisting of four buildings and a number of houses. The main gate (Porta Praetoria) of the stone fortress has been rebuilt." (Wikipedia)
Les seigneurs de Retourtour, qui sont également seigneurs de Beauchastel, apparaissent dans les textes à la fin du XIe siècle. Le castrum de Retourtour figure dans un partage effectué en 1247 par Armand de Retourtour entre ses deux fils. Plusieurs actes à la fin du XIIIe siècle mentionnent le "castrum et le burgus de Retourtour" qui était alors chef lieu de mandement. Au début du XIVe siècle, les Retourtour héritent des biens de la famille Pagan de Mahun, Odon de Retourtour ayant épousé Raimbaude, la fille du dernier seigneur de Mahun. Les Tournon deviennent seigneurs de Retourtour par le mariage d’Alix de Retourtour avec Jacques de Tournon en 1376. Le château fut occupé plusieurs fois par les protestants au cours des guerres civiles. Le château de Retourtour est établi dans un ancien méandre du Doux sur une éminence granitique. À la différence de nombreux autres châteaux du Vivarais, cette fortification n’occupe pas une position topographique dominante mais un fond de vallée qui la place au contact de l’itinéraire routier reliant le couloir rhodanien au Puy. Retourtour est un hameau de Lamastre qui a succédé au bourg castral. Le château se compose, pour l’essentiel, des vestiges d’un important bâtiment quadrangulaire de la fin du Moyen Âge. Celui-ci est précédé au nord de hautes courtines. On pénètre dans l'enceinte par une tour-porte quadrangulaire défendue par une minuscule barbacane. On remarque dans l’angle nord-ouest de l’enceinte les ruines d’un bâtiment quadrangulaire non lié aux autres structures et apparemment plus ancien. Il pourrait s’agir du donjon mentionné au XIIIe siècle. Le cadastre du XIXe siècle montre nettement que le hameau actuel de Retourtour s’est développé dans une basse-cour enclose s’étendant au nord du château. Au centre de cette basse-cour s’élevait la chapelle Saint-André donnée avant la fin du XIIe siècle aux moines de Saint-Chaffre. Celle-ci est encore mentionnée dans le compoix de Retourtour de 1642. Parmi ses vestiges, en piteux état, un mur percé de trois fenêtres qui est la face sud d'un bâtiment quadrangulaire de la fin du Moyen-Âge.
www.chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu/chateaux-ardeche-chate...
Le musée Picasso occupe le château Grimaldi, place Mariejol, à Antibes, Alpes-Maritimes. Le château fait l’objet d’un classement au titre des monuments historiques depuis le 29 avril 1928.
Le château Grimaldi est devenu “musée Picasso”, le 27 décembre 1966. Le bâtiment a bénéficié d’une importante campagne de rénovation entre 2006 et 2008.
Fondé sur l’ancienne acropole de la ville grecque d’Antipolis, castrum romain, résidence des évêques au Moyen Âge, le château fut habité, de 1385 à 1608 par la famille Grimaldi qui lui donna son nom.
En 1925, le château est acheté par la ville d’Antibes et devient le musée Grimaldi, musée d’Antibes. En été 1946, Pablo Picasso qui réside à Golfe-Juan avec Françoise Gilot, est séduit par la proposition de Dor de la Souchère, conservateur du musée, d’utiliser une partie du château comme atelier. Picasso travaille de la mi-septembre à la mi-novembre 1946 et réalise de nombreuses œuvres, dessins et peintures dont Les Clés d’Antibes, sur un pan de mur. Lorsque l’artiste décide de regagner Paris, il laisse en dépôt au château 23 peintures et 44 dessins.
The Picasso museum occupies the Grimaldi castle, place Mariejol, in Antibes, Alpes-Maritimes. The castle has been classified as a historic monument since April 29, 1928.
The Grimaldi castle became “Picasso museum” on December 27, 1966. The building benefited from a major renovation campaign between 2006 and 2008.
Founded on the ancient acropolis of the Greek city of Antipolis, a Roman castrum, residence of bishops in the Middle Ages, the castle was inhabited from 1385 to 1608 by the Grimaldi family, which gave it its name.
In 1925, the castle was bought by the city of Antibes and became the Musée Grimaldi, museum of Antibes. In the summer of 1946, Pablo Picasso, who lives in Golfe-Juan with Françoise Gilot, was seduced by the proposal by Dor de la Souchère, museum curator, to use part of the castle as a workshop. Picasso worked from mid-September to mid-November 1946 and produced numerous works, drawings and paintings, including Les Clés d´Antibes, on a wall. When the artist decides to return to Paris, he leaves 23 paintings and 44 drawings in storage at the château.
Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. During the same period, the castle of Esztergom was built on the site of ancient Roman castrum. It served not only as the royal residence until the 1241 (the Mongol invasion), but also as the center of the Hungarian state, religion, and Esztergom county.
After changing his residence to Budapest, Béla IV gave the palace and castle to the archbishop. Following these events, the castle was built and decorated by the bishops. The center of the king’s town, which was surrounded by walls, was still under royal authority. A number of different monasteries did return or settle in the religious center.
Meanwhile, the citizenry had been fighting to maintain and reclaim the rights of towns against the expansion of the church within the royal town. In the chaotic years after the fall of the House of Árpád, Esztergom suffered another calamity: in 1304, the forces of Wenceslaus II, the Czech king occupied and raided the castle. In the years to come, the castle was owned by several individuals: Róbert Károly and then Louis the Great patronized the town.
The Ottoman conquest of Mohács in 1526 brought a decline to the previously flourishing Esztergom as well. In the Battle of Mohács, the archbishop of Esztergom died. In the period between 1526 and 1543, when two rival kings reigned in Hungary, Esztergom was besieged six times. At times it was the forces of Ferdinand I or John Zápolya, at other times the Ottomans attacked. Finally, in 1530, Ferdinand I occupied the castle. He put foreign mercenaries in the castle, and sent the chapter and the bishopric to Nagyszombat and Pozsony.
However, in 1543 Sultan Suleiman I attacked the castle and took it. Esztergom became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak controlling several counties, and also a significant castle on the northwest border of the Ottoman Empire. In the 17th century Esztergom was besieged and conquered several times during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Most of the buildings in the castle and the town that had been built in the Middle Ages were destroyed during this period, and there were only uninhabitable, smothered ruins to welcome the liberators.
In 1761 the bishopric regained control over the castle, where they started the preliminary processes of the reconstruction of the new religious center: the middle of the Várhegy (Castle Hill), the remains of Saint Stephen and Saint Adalbert churches were carried away to provide room for the new cathedral.
An der Stelle der Liebfrauenbasilika stand vielleicht schon im 5. Jahrhundert eine Kirche, die als Bischofskirche im römischen castrum Maastricht gedient haben könnte. Der Westteil der heutigen Kirche stammt aus dem 11. Jahrhundert. Die Fundamente des Westwerks wurden wohl um 1000 angelegt und teilweise aus dem Abbruchmaterial des römischen Forts errichtet. Das Kirchenschiff stammt größtenteils aus der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts, der östliche Chor aus dem dritten Viertel des 12. Jahrhunderts. Bis zur Umwallung der Stadt im Jahr 1229 war die Kirche das Zentrum Maastrichts. Im 14. Jahrhundert wurde an der Liebfrauenkirche eine Pfarrkirche angebaut, von der nichts erhalten ist (Abbruch 1837). 1558 bis 1559 wurde der Kirche ein spätgotischer Kreuzgang angefügt. Nach der französischen Besetzung 1794 wurde das an der Kirche ansässige Liebfrauenstift aufgehoben und die Kirche zeitweise als Pferdestall genutzt. Im 19. Jahrhundert konnte die Kirche wieder für den katholischen Gottesdienst in Gebrauch genommen werden. Bei den Renovierungen des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden die Umbauten des Spätmittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit größtenteils rückgängig gemacht. 1933 wurde die Kirche von Papst Pius XI. zur Basilica minor ernannt. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg erlitt sie leichte Schäden.
At the site of the Basilica of Our Lady perhaps was a church that could have served as a bishop in the Roman church castrum Maastricht early as the 5th century. The western part of the present church dates from the 11th century. The foundations of the west part was probably built around 1000 and partially built from the rubble of the Roman fort. The nave dates mostly from the second half of the 12th century, the eastern choir from the third quarter of the 12th century. Until the ramparts of the city in 1229, the church was the center of Maastricht. In the 14th century parish church was built at the Church of Our Lady of the obtained nothing (abort 1837). 1558-1559 the church is a late Gothic cloister was added. After the French occupation of 1794, based on the Church of Our Lady Pen has been lifted and at times used the church as a stable. In the 19th century the church was commissioned for the Catholic church in use again. When the renovations of the 19th century, the rebuilding of the late Middle Ages and early modern period were largely reversed. 1933, the Church by Pope Pius XI was. for minor basilica appointed. During World War II she suffered minor damage.
Olargues. Hérault.
Classé parmi Les plus beaux villages de France.
Ici, sur le site du castrum.
Un grand merci pour vos favoris, commentaires et encouragements toujours très appréciés.
Many thanks for your much appreciated favorites and comments.
Autostrada A29 - a destra il Castello di Calatubo -
Il castello di Calatubo (latino: castrum Calathatubi; arabo: قلعة ﺍوبي - Qal'at 'Awbo Kalata et tub, "terra di tufo") è un'antica fortezza che sorge nei dintorni di Alcamo, in provincia di Trapani.
Il sito, che presenta frequentazioni antichissime, con resti di un insediamento elimo e di una necropoli, ha subito nel corso dei secoli diversi rimaneggiamenti.
Essendo prossimo all'autostrada A29, con la sua imponente mole attrae la curiosità dei viaggiatori; è però sconosciuto ai più e versa oggi in uno stato di abbandono, nonostante il Comune di Alcamo abbia spesso espresso la volontà di recuperarlo. È normalmente chiuso alle visite per motivi di inagibilità, sebbene tra il 20 e il 22 marzo 2015 sia stato possibile visitarne la cappella previo l'utilizzo di caschi di protezione. (Wikipedia)
Grazie a tutti! Un affettuoso saluto
Collioure is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France
There is a record of the castle at "Castrum Caucoliberi" having been mentioned as early as 673, indicating that the settlement here was of strategic and commercial importance during the Visigoth ascendancy.
Collioure was taken in 1642 by the French troops of Maréchal de la Meilleraye. A decade later, the town was officially surrendered to France by the 1659 Treaty of Pyrenees. Because of its highly strategic importance, the town's fortifications, the Château Royal de Collioure and the Fort Saint-Elme stronghold, were improved by the military engineer Vauban during the reign of Louis XIV. Nevertheless, Collioure was besieged and occupied by the Spanish troops in 1793, marking the last Spanish attempt to take the city. The blockade was broken a year later by general Jacques François Dugommier.
La presenza umana nella zona dove sorge Cividale risale a epoche piuttosto antiche, come attestato dalle stazioni preistoriche del Paleolitico e del Neolitico trovate appena fuori della città; ad esse si aggiungono abbondanti testimonianze dell'Età del Ferro e della presenza veneta e celtica risalenti sino al IV secolo a.C.
Epoca romana
La strategica posizione di questo primitivo insediamento indusse i Romani a stabilirvisi, fondando forse già nel II secolo a.C. un castrum, di ovvia natura militare, il quale fu in seguito elevato da Giulio Cesare a forum (mercato) e per tale motivo la località assunse il nome di "Forum Iulii" poi divenuto identificativo di tutta la regione. Successivamente la località fu elevata a municipium, venendo ascritta alla tribù romana Scaptia e assurse infine al rango di capitale della Regio X Venetia et Histria allorché Attila rase al suolo Aquileia nel V secolo.
Epoca longobarda
Nel 568 giunsero dalla Pannonia i Longobardi, di origine scandinava, il cui re Alboino elesse subito la romana Forum Iulii a capitale del primo ducato longobardo in Italia e ponendovi duca il proprio nipote Gisulfo. Ribattezzata la propria capitale Civitas Fori Iulii, i longobardi vi eressero edifici imponenti e prestigiosi; nel 610 Cividale venne saccheggiata e incendiata dagli Avari, chiamati dal re longobardo Agilulfo (allora con sede a Milano) per punire la riottosità del duca "friulano" Gisulfo II. Nel 737, durante il regno di Liutprando e per sfuggire alle incursioni bizantine, il patriarca di Aquileia Callisto decise di trasferire qui la propria sede, così come già fece il vescovo di Zuglio che venne scacciato dallo stesso Callisto. La città ebbe così aumentato il suo ruolo anche grazie a quest'importante presenza ecclesiastica; già pochi decenni più tardi, nel 796, qui si tenne il concilio che riconfermò l'indissolubilità del matrimonio.
-----
Human presence in the area where Cividale stands dates back to quite ancient times, as attested by the prehistoric sites of the Paleolithic and Neolithic found just outside the city; to these are added abundant evidence of the Iron Age and of the Venetian and Celtic presence dating back to the 4th century BC.
Roman era
The strategic position of this primitive settlement induced the Romans to settle there, founding perhaps as early as the 2nd century BC a castrum, of an obviously military nature, which was later elevated by Julius Caesar to a forum (market) and for this reason the place took the name of "Forum Iulii" which later became identifiable for the entire region. Subsequently the place was elevated to a municipium, being ascribed to the Roman tribe Scaptia and finally rose to the rank of capital of the Regio X Venetia et Histria when Attila razed Aquileia to the ground in the 5th century.
Lombard era
In 568 the Lombards, of Scandinavian origin, arrived from Pannonia, whose king Alboin immediately elected the Roman Forum Iulii as the capital of the first Lombard duchy in Italy and placed his nephew Gisulf as duke. Renaming their capital Civitas Fori Iulii, the Lombards erected imposing and prestigious buildings there; in 610 Cividale was sacked and burned by the Avars, called by the Lombard king Agilulf (then based in Milan) to punish the rebelliousness of the "Friulian" duke Gisulf II. In 737, during the reign of Liutprand and to escape the Byzantine incursions, the patriarch of Aquileia Callisto decided to move his seat here, as had already been done by the bishop of Zuglio who was expelled by Callisto himself. The city thus increased its role also thanks to this important ecclesiastical presence; just a few decades later, in 796, the council that reconfirmed the indissolubility of marriage was held here.
Demeure du début XXe siècle comme en atteste le fronton, elle est intéressante sur plusieurs points. Elle reprend les pilastres angulaires comme on peut voir ici et là, ainsi qu'une belle girouette en fer forgé, mais c'est surtout dans son étage que mon intérêt se porte, de curieuses moulures sont installées le long du pignon. De plus, des boiseries finement sculptées sont présents sous le toit, purement décoratives, mais est-ce un hommage à la trinité ?
Saint-Savinien, la plus ancienne des trois églises de Melle, possède la particularité d’être édifiée dans l’enceinte du castrum féodal. Son chevet, notamment, repose sur les anciennes fortifications de la ville. On ignore tout du saint Savinien sous le patronage duquel est placée l’église. Il est certain, en revanche, qu’il ne s’agit pas du saint Savinien de Troyes, dont la scène du martyre est représentée sur une des piles du monument.
C’est en 1801 que l’édifice connut un destin peu banal. Il fut transformé en prison, pendant près d’un siècle et demi, perdant ainsi toute vocation religieuse. Les travaux de maçonnerie effectués pour l’occasion ont, à l’époque, fait peu de cas de son architecture. Les prisonniers ont laissé de nombreuses traces de leur passage, sous forme de graffiti gravés sur une porte.
Il aura fallu attendre les années 1960 pour que d’importants travaux de réfection soient réalisés et que Saint-Savinien retrouve sa véritable identité.
Après tant de péripéties, l’édifice accueille désormais de nombreuses manifestations culturelles et notamment la Biennale d’Art contemporain durant l’été ainsi que le Festival de Melle (musique classique et autres), chaque année, en mai-juin.
La création des vitraux de l’Eglise Saint-Savinien, visibles depuis 2012, a été confiée à l’artiste Rémy Hysbergue. Cette nouvelle commande publique a été initiée par l’Etat (DRAC) à la suite de celle de 2010. L’œuvre prend en compte le caractère éttre une photo, évitez de donner la bonne réponse, merci...
🇫🇷 Castelrotto (en allemand : Kastelruth ; en ladin : Ciastel) est une commune italienne d'environ 6 900 habitants située dans la province autonome de Bolzano dans la région du Trentin-Haut-Adige dans le nord-est de l'Italie Le nom italien de la commune vient du latin Castrum Ruptum « château détruit » (ruiné). Le nom allemand est d'origine Wälser et signifie, avec le suffixe « Ruth », emplacement d'une forteresse dominant un défilé
[Castelrotto se trouve , à une trentaine de kilomètres au nord-est de Bolzano, à 15 km au-dessus de la vallée de l'Isarco, où se trouve l'autoroute vers le col du Brenner,
. Au sud, se trouve le massif du Sciliar qui atteint 2563 m, et au sud-est les Alpe di Siusi/Seiser Alm qui atteignent 1826 m.
La commune de Castelrotto comporte dix « hameaux » ou frazioni :
🇩🇪 Kastelruth (auf Deutsch: Castelrotto; auf Ladinisch: Ciastel) ist eine italienische Gemeinde mit etwa 6.900 Einwohnern in der autonomen Provinz Bozen in der Region Trentino-Südtirol im Nordosten Italiens. Der italienische Name der Gemeinde stammt vom lateinischen Castrum Ruptum „zerstörte Burg” (ruiniert). Der deutsche Name ist wälserischen Ursprungs und bedeutet mit der Endung „Ruth” den Standort einer Festung, die eine Schlucht beherrscht
[Kastelruth liegt etwa 30 Kilometer nordöstlich von Bozen, 15 km oberhalb des Eisacktals, wo sich die Autobahn zum Brennerpass befindet
. Im Süden liegt das Schlernmassiv, das eine Höhe von 2563 m erreicht, und im Südosten die Seiser Alm, die eine Höhe von 1826 m erreicht.
Die Gemeinde Kastelruth umfasst zehn „Weiler” oder frazioni
🇮🇹 Castelrotto (in tedesco: Kastelruth; in ladino: Ciastel) è un comune italiano di circa 6.900 abitanti situato nella provincia autonoma di Bolzano, nella regione Trentino-Alto Adige, nel nord-est dell'Italia. Il nome italiano del comune deriva dal latino Castrum Ruptum, che significa “castello distrutto” (in rovina). Il nome tedesco è di origine Wälser e significa, con il suffisso “Ruth”, luogo in cui sorgeva una fortezza che dominava una gola
[Castelrotto si trova a una trentina di chilometri a nord-est di Bolzano, a 15 km sopra la valle dell'Isarco, dove passa l'autostrada verso il passo del Brennero
. A sud si trova il massiccio dello Sciliar, che raggiunge i 2563 m, e a sud-est l'Alpe di Siusi, che raggiunge i 1826 m.
Il comune di Castelrotto comprende dieci “frazioni” o frazioni
🇬🇧 Castelrotto (German: Kastelruth; Ladin: Ciastel) is an Italian municipality with approximately 6,900 inhabitants located in the autonomous province of Bolzano in the Trentino-Alto Adige region in north-eastern Italy. The Italian name of the municipality comes from the Latin Castrum Ruptum, meaning ‘destroyed castle’ (ruined). The German name is of Wälser origin and, with the suffix ‘Ruth’, means the site of a fortress overlooking a pass.
Castelrotto is located about 30 kilometres north-east of Bolzano, 15 kilometres above the Isarco Valley, where the motorway to the Brenner Pass is located. To the south is the Sciliar massif, which reaches 2,563 metres, and to the south-east is the Alpe di Siusi/Seiser Alm, which reaches 1,826 metres.
The municipality of Castelrotto comprises ten hamlets or frazioni.
🇪🇸 Castelrotto (en alemán: Kastelruth; en ladino: Ciastel) es un municipio italiano de unos 6900 habitantes situado en la provincia autónoma de Bolzano, en la región de Trentino-Alto Adigio, al noreste de Italia. El nombre italiano del municipio proviene del latín Castrum Ruptum, «castillo destruido» (en ruinas). El nombre alemán es de origen wälser y significa, con el sufijo «Ruth», emplazamiento de una fortaleza que domina un desfiladero
[Castelrotto se encuentra a unos treinta kilómetros al noreste de Bolzano, a 15 km por encima del valle del Isarco, donde se encuentra la autopista hacia el paso del Brennero
. Al sur se encuentra el macizo del Sciliar, que alcanza los 2563 m, y al sureste, el Alpe di Siusi/Seiser Alm, que alcanza los 1826 m.
El municipio de Castelrotto cuenta con diez «aldeas» o frazioni.
We visited Porolissum Roman castrum, an extraordinary archaeological site, which was once the most northern Roman fortress at the edge of the Roman Empire in Dacia, nowadays Romania. We walked on the Roman road which once connected Porolissum castrum with other Roman cities (Napoca, Apulum, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa), crossed the Danube at Drobeta and continued all the way to Rome. And we admired the view thinking that Roman santinels were seeing the same view, maybe a little bit more wooded in those time, keeping an eye on the northern end of the empire.
See below some details about the site from Wikipedia.
"Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. Established as a military camp in 106 during Trajan's Dacian Wars, the city quickly grew through trade with the native Dacians and became the capital of the province Dacia Porolissensis in 124. The site is one of the largest and best-preserved archaeological sites in modern-day Romania, 8 km away from Zalău, Sălaj County.
Even though the city was founded as a military center in the middle of a war, the garrison of Porolissum seems to have lived in peaceful coexistence with their Dacian neighbours - several Dacian villages that were apparently founded after the city of Porolissum have been uncovered by archaeologists on the surrounding hills. There are also some inscriptions mentioning city officials with Romano-Dacian names, indicating close cooperation on a political level.
The excavations by a number of teams are ongoing and have uncovered remnants of both the military installations and the civilian city, including public baths, a customs house, a temple to Liber Pater, an amphitheatre, insula consisting of four buildings and a number of houses. The main gate (Porta Praetoria) of the stone fortress has been rebuilt." (Wikipedia)
Sighișoara (Romanian: [siɡiˈʃo̯ara]; Hungarian: Segesvár [ˈʃɛɡɛʃvaːr]; German: Schäßburg [ˈʃɛsbʊʁk]; Transylvanian Saxon: Schäsbrich, Šesburχ, or Scheeßprich; Yiddish: שעסבורג, romanized: Shesburg; Latin: Castrum Sex or Saxoburgum) is a city on the Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, central Romania. Located in the historic region of Transylvania, Sighișoara had a population of 23,927 according to the 2021 census. It is a popular tourist destination for its well-preserved old town, which is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1999. The town administers seven villages: Angofa, Aurel Vlaicu, Hetiur, Rora, Șoromiclea, Venchi, and Viilor.
Starting with the mid 12th century, German craftsmen and merchants known as the Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbürger Sachsen) were invited to Transylvania by the then King of Hungary, Géza II, to settle and defend the frontier of his realm and improve the region's economy. The chronicler Krauss lists a Saxon settlement in present-day Sighișoara by 1191.[citation needed] A document of 1280 records a town built on the site of a Roman fort as Castrum Sex or "six-sided camp", referring to the fort's shape of an irregular hexagon. Other names recorded include Schaäsburg (1282), Schespurg (1298) and Segusvar (1300).
By 1337 Sighișoara had become a royal center for the kings, who awarded the settlement urban status in 1367 as the Civitas de Segusvar. The town played an important strategic and commercial role at the edges of Central Europe for several centuries. Sighișoara became one of the most important urban centres of Transylvania, with artisans from throughout the Holy Roman Empire visiting the settlement. The German artisans and craftsmen dominated the urban economy, as well as building the fortifications protecting it. It is estimated that during the 16th and 17th centuries Sighișoara had as many as 15 guilds and 20 handicraft branches. The Baroque sculptor Elias Nicolai lived in the town.
The Wallachian voivode Vlad Dracul (father of Vlad the Impaler), who lived in exile in the town, had coins minted in the town (otherwise coinage was the monopoly of the Hungarian kings in the Kingdom of Hungary) and issued the first document listing the city's Romanian name, Sighișoara.[citation needed] The Romanian name is first attested in 1435, and derives from the Hungarian Segesvár, where vár is "fort".
◇◇∷ ◇◇ ∷ ◇ ∷ SAINT-GENIEZ-Ô-MERLE ∷ ◇ ∷ ◇◇ ∷◇◇
※ LES TOURS DE MERLE
※ Castrum médiéval construit sur un éperon rocheux surplombant la rivière Maronne, les Tours de Merle se trouvent dans les collines et forêts de la Xaintrie.
※ Elles sont une forteresse naturelle dans un pays authentique de la Corrèze : la XAINTRIE !
※ Ce site historique suscite l'imaginaire des visiteurs, grands ou petits !
※ CLASSÉ MONUMENT HISTORIQUE DEPUIS 1927, inscrit au titre de son paysage, situé en ZONE NATURA 2000 et d'intérêt écologique floristique et faunistique, le site recèle des trésors d'Histoire et de Nature.
ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ *•.¸¸.ღ
Das nördlichste deutsche Benediktinerkloster wurde erst 1951 gegründet. Damit ist Nütschau ein relativ junges Kloster.
Die Geschichte der Benediktiner im Norden und des Gutes Nütschau reichen dagegen weit zurück.Im Jahre 1577 begann Graf Heinrich Rantzau mit dem Bau des kleinen Wasserschlosses, dem „Castrum Nutzkow“, das mit seinen drei Giebeln bis heute das Wahrzeichen Nütschaus ist und das in seiner äußeren Bausubstanz weitgehend unverändert auf uns gekommen ist.
www.kloster-nuetschau.de/kloster/geschichte/
The most northern German Benedictine monastery was founded in 1951 in Nuetschau and so it is a relatively young monastery.
The history of the Benedictines in the north and the Nütschau estate, however, go back a long way. In 1577 Count Heinrich Ranzau began to build the small moated castle, the "Castrum Nutzkow", which is Nuetschau's landmark with its three gables. Its external structure is nearly unchanged.
Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. During the same period, the castle of Esztergom was built on the site of ancient Roman castrum. It served not only as the royal residence until the 1241 (the Mongol invasion), but also as the center of the Hungarian state, religion, and Esztergom county.
After changing his residence to Budapest, Béla IV gave the palace and castle to the archbishop. Following these events, the castle was built and decorated by the bishops. The center of the king’s town, which was surrounded by walls, was still under royal authority. A number of different monasteries did return or settle in the religious center.
Meanwhile, the citizenry had been fighting to maintain and reclaim the rights of towns against the expansion of the church within the royal town. In the chaotic years after the fall of the House of Árpád, Esztergom suffered another calamity: in 1304, the forces of Wenceslaus II, the Czech king occupied and raided the castle. In the years to come, the castle was owned by several individuals: Róbert Károly and then Louis the Great patronized the town.
The Ottoman conquest of Mohács in 1526 brought a decline to the previously flourishing Esztergom as well. In the Battle of Mohács, the archbishop of Esztergom died. In the period between 1526 and 1543, when two rival kings reigned in Hungary, Esztergom was besieged six times. At times it was the forces of Ferdinand I or John Zápolya, at other times the Ottomans attacked. Finally, in 1530, Ferdinand I occupied the castle. He put foreign mercenaries in the castle, and sent the chapter and the bishopric to Nagyszombat and Pozsony.
However, in 1543 Sultan Suleiman I attacked the castle and took it. Esztergom became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak controlling several counties, and also a significant castle on the northwest border of the Ottoman Empire. In the 17th century Esztergom was besieged and conquered several times during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Most of the buildings in the castle and the town that had been built in the Middle Ages were destroyed during this period, and there were only uninhabitable, smothered ruins to welcome the liberators.
In 1761 the bishopric regained control over the castle, where they started the preliminary processes of the reconstruction of the new religious center: the middle of the Várhegy (Castle Hill), the remains of Saint Stephen and Saint Adalbert churches were carried away to provide room for the new cathedral.
In the village itself is the church ‘Chiesa Madre di S. Dell’Olmo Maria’ from the thirteenth century which hosts a precious 14th century wooden statue of Madonna with Child, known as ‘Madonna of the Elm’. The ‘Madonna delle Grazie’ Chapel is also worth a visit where a beautiful Baroque altar can be found. You can also visit the ruins of the ancient city walls and the historic castle Castrum Medianum.
The landscape is ideal for excursions through its evocative scenery, such as the Valley created by the Caperrino Stream, which is the boundary between this village and Pietrapertosa. Along the Stream there are the remains of some abandoned mills.
Fabrizio de André, Girotondo
Rovine di Castrum Perticae.
Sul Colletto di S. Antonino, a 287 m sui monti del Finalese, si trovano i resti di una fortificazione dell'epoca medievale, utilizzata come punto strategico e di osservazione per controllare il territorio di Perti e la valle del Feglino.
Di fronte pareti rocciose e grotte, tra antiche vie Romane
Liguria, Valle dell'Aquila
Ring-a-ring - a-roses. A song by Fabrizio De André
Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. During the same period, the castle of Esztergom was built on the site of ancient Roman castrum. It served not only as the royal residence until the 1241 (the Mongol invasion), but also as the center of the Hungarian state, religion, and Esztergom county.
After changing his residence to Budapest, Béla IV gave the palace and castle to the archbishop. Following these events, the castle was built and decorated by the bishops. The center of the king’s town, which was surrounded by walls, was still under royal authority. A number of different monasteries did return or settle in the religious center.
Meanwhile, the citizenry had been fighting to maintain and reclaim the rights of towns against the expansion of the church within the royal town. In the chaotic years after the fall of the House of Árpád, Esztergom suffered another calamity: in 1304, the forces of Wenceslaus II, the Czech king occupied and raided the castle. In the years to come, the castle was owned by several individuals: Róbert Károly and then Louis the Great patronized the town.
The Ottoman conquest of Mohács in 1526 brought a decline to the previously flourishing Esztergom as well. In the Battle of Mohács, the archbishop of Esztergom died. In the period between 1526 and 1543, when two rival kings reigned in Hungary, Esztergom was besieged six times. At times it was the forces of Ferdinand I or John Zápolya, at other times the Ottomans attacked. Finally, in 1530, Ferdinand I occupied the castle. He put foreign mercenaries in the castle, and sent the chapter and the bishopric to Nagyszombat and Pozsony.
However, in 1543 Sultan Suleiman I attacked the castle and took it. Esztergom became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak controlling several counties, and also a significant castle on the northwest border of the Ottoman Empire. In the 17th century Esztergom was besieged and conquered several times during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Most of the buildings in the castle and the town that had been built in the Middle Ages were destroyed during this period, and there were only uninhabitable, smothered ruins to welcome the liberators.
In 1761 the bishopric regained control over the castle, where they started the preliminary processes of the reconstruction of the new religious center: the middle of the Várhegy (Castle Hill), the remains of Saint Stephen and Saint Adalbert churches were carried away to provide room for the new cathedral.
Le château de Busséol fut construit en 1170 sur les restes encore visibles d'un castrum gallo-romain du IIème siècle, sur un dyke volcanique dominant la Limagne, à 700 m d'altitude. Rare exemple de l'architecture d'époque romane, il a conservé ce caractère militaire qui lui permit de résister au siège de Philippe Auguste en 1215, aux assauts des soldats du Prince Noir pendant la guerre de Cent Ans ainsi qu'à l'attaque du Duc de La Rochefoucauld chef des Ligueurs en 1595.
Ce Château-fort appartint successivement, dès l'origine, à des personnages illustres : les Comtes d'Auvergne, le Pape Alexandre III, Jean Stuart Prince d'Ecosse, Blanche de Clermont petite-fille de Saint-Louis... et releva du domaine royal par Catherine de Médicis, reine de France, Comtesse d'Auvergne qui y séjourna avec son fils Charles IX en 1566 lors de leur voyage en Auvergne. Il est ainsi considéré comme le plus historique de la Province. Epargné par Richelieu,il fut habité jusqu'à la Révolution.
On peut ainsi admirer dans la grande salle, une exceptionnelle cheminée circulaire du XIIème siècle, le mobilier haute époque, les armes et armures évoquant la vie féodale. Du chemin de ronde, on découvre un étonnant jardin suspendu et un magnifique panorama s'étendant des Monts du Forez au Massif du Sancy.
El primitivo Castrum celtibérico fue aprovechado por los estrategas romanos para completar el sistema de fortificaciones con COLENDA “SEPTEMPÚBLICA”,”PETRARIA” y “CAUCA” envolvían el territorio segoviano y dominaban las cuencas de los ríos de Eresma, Cega y Duratón. Del Castrum sólo quedan las torres en parte desmochadas, construidas posiblemente hacia finales del siglo X y de clara tradición árabe.
Según tradición de los cronicones, la Villa de Turégano fue repoblada por Fernán González y más concretamente por su hijo Gonzalo Fernández. De acuerdo con esta tradición´el repoblador hizo erigir el Castillo en el interior de los muros del Castro primitivo, denominando a la Villa “Turrem Vegam” ( Vega de las Torres ).
Desde 1123 la Villa fue donada por la Reina Dª Urraca y su hijo el Rey Alfonso VII a los prelados segovianos, Turegano comenzó a ser protagonista de la historia segoviana y de Castilla.
En el año 1461 es nombrado Obispo de Segovia D. Juan Arias Dávila, señor por antonomasia de Turégano. Celebró en la Villa los Sínodos Episcopales de 1473 y 1483. Participó activamente en los asuntos políticos de su época, partidario en primer momento de Enrique IV, adepto del Príncipe Alfonso después, y al morir éste, es castigado por el Rey que le sugiere que abandone Segovia, instalándose en su Señorío de Turégano, donde siguió siendo fiel a la causa de Dª Isabel. Fernando el Católico estuvo hospedado en su Castillo durante tres ocasiones y por distintos motivos. La reconciliación pública de la Princesa Isabel con su hermano Enrique IV, la organización de la marcha militar en socorro del Marques de Santillana y con motivo de la muerte del Rey Enrique IV, para partir desde Turégano a la Coronación de su esposa como Reina de Castilla en Segovia.
El rey Felipe II, en 1586 mandó confinar en la cárcel del Castillo de Turégano a Antonio Pérez, primer Ministro y Privado del Rey, acusado por traficar con información reservada y por su implicación en la muerte de Escobedo, secretario del hermano del Rey.
Una singularidad del Castillo de Turégano es albergar en su patio de armas una iglesia románica y en su entrada una espadaña, añadida en el s. XVIII.
Dominant la moyenne vallée de la Cèze, le castrum d’Allègre émerge de la garrigue. On y découvre des tours et des maisons seigneuriales, un double rempart, une chapelle et un village. Malgré son état actuel en ruines, les demeures présentent divers éléments remarquables à observer : portes et fenêtres en plein cintre, placards, niches, escaliers, meurtrières, jour en archères, trous de hourd, et des latrines superposées intra-muros.
Situé à 275 mètres d’altitude, le site s’étend sur un hectare et demi. Il offre un panorama sublime sur le Mont Bouquet et toute la Cévenne, du Pic St. Loup, près de la Méditerranée, jusqu’en Vivarais, aux confins de l’Ardèche, en passant par l’Aigoual et le Mont Lozère.
This picture is part of my photographic series Garsinde de Mourcairol, which I invite you to consult in the list of my albums.
You will find the script in the album header (french and english), and by consulting the shots in chronological order, you will be able to follow Garsinde's emotional and psychological development, from her dependence on her family to her rise to power.
Huis Diepenheim (ook: Huize Diepenheim, archaïsch Huys too Diepenheim, Huis te Diepenheim) is een havezate vlak bij Diepenheim in de Nederlandse provincie Overijssel. Het is de oudste havezate van het stadje.
Het geslacht Diepenheim, eerste eigenaren van Huis Diepenheim in de heerlijkheid Diepenheim, wordt voor het eerst vermeld in 1105. De toenmalige heer van Diepenheim, Wolbertus, "hield hoff op syn Castrum benevens de Watermolen liggende". Het huis wordt voor het eerst vermeld in 1177, toen de toenmalige burcht werd verwoest. In 1180 wordt een nieuw huis gebouwd. In 1331 wordt het eigendom van het huis toegedicht aan de bisschop van Utrecht, als bisschop Jan III van Diest de heerlijkheid koopt om geheel Twente in zijn bezit te krijgen.[1] Dit betekende voor de bisschop een flinke investering, waarvoor hij zelfs geld moest lenen bij zijn grote vijand, de hertog van Gelre. Het kasteel werd in 1504 belegerd ten tijde van de inval van de Geldersen in het Oversticht. In 1510 werd het na een nieuwe belegering veroverd door hertog Karel van Gelre. Dezelfde hertog veroverde het huis in 1524 opnieuw.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Huis Diepenheim (also: Huize Diepenheim, archaic Huys too Diepenheim, Huis te Diepenheim) is a manor house near Diepenheim in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is the oldest manor house in the town.
The Diepenheim family, the first owners of Huis Diepenheim in the lordship of Diepenheim, is first mentioned in 1105. The then lord of Diepenheim, Wolbertus, "held court on his Castrum besides the Watermill lying". The house is first mentioned in 1177, when the then castle was destroyed. A new house was built in 1180. In 1331, the ownership of the house is attributed to the bishop of Utrecht, when bishop Jan III van Diest buys the lordship to get all of Twente in his possession.[1] This meant a considerable investment for the bishop, for which he even had to borrow money from his great enemy, the Duke of Gelre. The castle was besieged in 1504 during the invasion of the Guelders in the Oversticht. In 1510 it was conquered after a new siege by Duke Charles of Guelders. The same duke conquered the house again in 1524.
Das Kloster Arnsburg (auch Abtei Arnsberg; lat. Monasterium Castrum Aquilae) ist die teilerhaltene Klosteranlage einer ehemaligen Zisterzienserabtei und seit 1977 Stadtteil der Stadt Lich in Hessen, Deutschland. Kloster Arnsburg liegt am Nordrand der Wetterau in der Niederung des Flusses Wetter, unweit der Burg Münzenberg, in unmittelbarer Nähe des Limes.
Die Abtei wurde 1174 gegründet und 1803 im Laufe der Säkularisation aufgehoben. Nach dem Abzug der Mönche 1810 fiel das Klostergut an die Grafen zu Solms-Laubach, die Teile der barocken Gebäude der Anlage bis heute als Schloss nutzen, während die spätromanischen und frühgotischen Teile der Kirche als Ruine erhalten sind. Im ehemaligen Kreuzgang befindet sich seit 1960 eine Kriegsgräberstätte.
Die Basilika des Klosters Arnsburg ist mit 65,17 Metern Länge vergleichbar mit den Bauten in Georgenthal, 1143 erbaut und 54,50 Meter lang sowie Kloster Altenberg aus dem Jahr 1255 mit 77,50 Metern Länge. Vergleichbar ist auch die ursprüngliche Raumhöhe der Arnsburger Basilika mit anderen Zisterzienserkirchen.
Architektonisch definiert, ist eine Basilika eine Kirche, deren Innenraum durch Säulen- oder Pfeilerreihen in drei oder mehr (meist ungeradzahlige) Längsschiffe geteilt ist, deren mittleres deutlich höher ist als die seitlichen. Die die Seitenschiffe überragenden Teile des Kirchenraums werden auch als Hochschiff und Hochchor bezeichnet. Sie erhalten Licht durch den Obergaden oder Lichtgaden, also die von Fenstern durchbrochenen Hochschiffs- bzw. Hochchorwände oberhalb der Arkaden zu den Seitenschiffen. Das Dach der Kirche besteht aus einem Mittelteil mit dem Dachfirst und Seitenteilen über den Seitenschiffen. Mehrere große Basiliken haben fünf statt drei Langschiffe, so dass sich dem höheren Mittelschiff auf jeder Seite zwei niedrigere Seitenschiffe anreihen.
Casalecchio Castle.
"Casalecli castrum", located in the municipality of Sarsina (Italy) is the only castle in the Valle del Savio. A large courtyard, a well and a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas belong to the fortress, also called the palace of the hundred windows.
This building was born in the Middle Ages as a military garrison, but over time it has undergone numerous transformations. In 1420 it was definitively handed over to the Counts Bernardini of Rimini who turned it into an elegant noble residence. When the last descendant of the noble family died in 800, the castle was again converted and took the form of a farmhouse.
The structure retains a great charm, the entrance hall strikes for the barrel vault on which some frescoes are still visible. The inner courtyard gives way to enter the church, where the remains of Count Achille Bernardini rest. The large hall dating back to the ‘500 contains a precious stone fireplace carved with the emblem, (Coat of Arms) depicting eagles and three stars, the Bernardini family. The large kitchen includes an oven and fireplace and are also very large cellars and spaces used for housing animals where some mangers who have well endured the passage of time.
Chester was founded in 79 AD as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix during the reign of Emperor Vespasian. One of the main army camps in Roman Britain, Deva later became a major civilian settlement. In 689, King Æthelred of Mercia founded the Minster Church of West Mercia, which later became Chester's first cathedral, and the Angles extended and strengthened the walls to protect the city against the Danes. Chester was one of the last cities in England to fall to the Normans, and William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a castle to dominate the town and the nearby Welsh border. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
The city walls of Chester are some of the best-preserved in the country and have Grade I listed status. It has a number of medieval buildings, but many of the black-and-white buildings within the city centre are Victorian restorations, originating from the Black-and-white Revival movement. Apart from a 100-metre (330 ft) section, the walls are almost complete. The Industrial Revolution brought railways, canals, and new roads to the city, which saw substantial expansion and development; Chester Town Hall and the Grosvenor Museum are examples of Victorian architecture from this period. Tourism, the retail industry, public administration, and financial services are important to the modern economy. Chester signs itself as Chester International Heritage City on road signs on the main roads entering the city.
PP work in Luminar Neo filters.
All art works on this website are fully protected by Canadian and international copyright laws, all rights reserved. The images may not be copied, reproduced, manipulated or used in any way, without written permission from the artist. Link to copyright registration:
www.canada.ca > Intellectual property and copyright
Niedzica Castle, also known as Dunajec Castle (Latin: Castrum de Dunajecz, Hungarian: Nedec Váralja / Nedec-Vár, German: Sub-Arx Unterschloss, Slovak: Nedecký hrad), is located in the southernmost part of Poland in Niedzica (Nowy Targ County in Lesser Poland). It was erected between the years 1320 and 1326 by Kokos of Brezovica on the site of an ancient stronghold surrounded by earthen walls in the Pieniny mountains.
The Niedzica Castle stands at an altitude of 566 m, on a hill 300 metres (980 ft) upstream from the Dunajec River mouth, measured from the center of the dam on Lake Czorsztyn. The outline of Niedzica Castle can best be viewed from the ruins of Czorsztyn Castle on the other side of the lake. It is known as one of the most picturesque castles in the country and adorns the covers of many books.
Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. During the same period, the castle of Esztergom was built on the site of ancient Roman castrum. It served not only as the royal residence until the 1241 (the Mongol invasion), but also as the center of the Hungarian state, religion, and Esztergom county.
After changing his residence to Budapest, Béla IV gave the palace and castle to the archbishop. Following these events, the castle was built and decorated by the bishops. The center of the king’s town, which was surrounded by walls, was still under royal authority. A number of different monasteries did return or settle in the religious center.
Meanwhile, the citizenry had been fighting to maintain and reclaim the rights of towns against the expansion of the church within the royal town. In the chaotic years after the fall of the House of Árpád, Esztergom suffered another calamity: in 1304, the forces of Wenceslaus II, the Czech king occupied and raided the castle. In the years to come, the castle was owned by several individuals: Róbert Károly and then Louis the Great patronized the town.
The Ottoman conquest of Mohács in 1526 brought a decline to the previously flourishing Esztergom as well. In the Battle of Mohács, the archbishop of Esztergom died. In the period between 1526 and 1543, when two rival kings reigned in Hungary, Esztergom was besieged six times. At times it was the forces of Ferdinand I or John Zápolya, at other times the Ottomans attacked. Finally, in 1530, Ferdinand I occupied the castle. He put foreign mercenaries in the castle, and sent the chapter and the bishopric to Nagyszombat and Pozsony.
However, in 1543 Sultan Suleiman I attacked the castle and took it. Esztergom became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak controlling several counties, and also a significant castle on the northwest border of the Ottoman Empire. In the 17th century Esztergom was besieged and conquered several times during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Most of the buildings in the castle and the town that had been built in the Middle Ages were destroyed during this period, and there were only uninhabitable, smothered ruins to welcome the liberators.
In 1761 the bishopric regained control over the castle, where they started the preliminary processes of the reconstruction of the new religious center: the middle of the Várhegy (Castle Hill), the remains of Saint Stephen and Saint Adalbert churches were carried away to provide room for the new cathedral.
Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda. During the same period, the castle of Esztergom was built on the site of ancient Roman castrum. It served not only as the royal residence until the 1241 (the Mongol invasion), but also as the center of the Hungarian state, religion, and Esztergom county.
After changing his residence to Budapest, Béla IV gave the palace and castle to the archbishop. Following these events, the castle was built and decorated by the bishops. The center of the king’s town, which was surrounded by walls, was still under royal authority. A number of different monasteries did return or settle in the religious center.
Meanwhile, the citizenry had been fighting to maintain and reclaim the rights of towns against the expansion of the church within the royal town. In the chaotic years after the fall of the House of Árpád, Esztergom suffered another calamity: in 1304, the forces of Wenceslaus II, the Czech king occupied and raided the castle. In the years to come, the castle was owned by several individuals: Róbert Károly and then Louis the Great patronized the town.
The Ottoman conquest of Mohács in 1526 brought a decline to the previously flourishing Esztergom as well. In the Battle of Mohács, the archbishop of Esztergom died. In the period between 1526 and 1543, when two rival kings reigned in Hungary, Esztergom was besieged six times. At times it was the forces of Ferdinand I or John Zápolya, at other times the Ottomans attacked. Finally, in 1530, Ferdinand I occupied the castle. He put foreign mercenaries in the castle, and sent the chapter and the bishopric to Nagyszombat and Pozsony.
However, in 1543 Sultan Suleiman I attacked the castle and took it. Esztergom became the centre of an Ottoman sanjak controlling several counties, and also a significant castle on the northwest border of the Ottoman Empire. In the 17th century Esztergom was besieged and conquered several times during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Most of the buildings in the castle and the town that had been built in the Middle Ages were destroyed during this period, and there were only uninhabitable, smothered ruins to welcome the liberators.
In 1761 the bishopric regained control over the castle, where they started the preliminary processes of the reconstruction of the new religious center: the middle of the Várhegy (Castle Hill), the remains of Saint Stephen and Saint Adalbert churches were carried away to provide room for the new cathedral.