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03.12.2018 - First part of the high-level segment
These photos are free to use under Creative Commons licenses and must be credited: "© cop24.gov.pl"
03.12.2018 - First part of the high-level segment
These photos are free to use under Creative Commons licenses and must be credited: "© cop24.gov.pl"
High-level segment Mr Robert Strayer
Deputy Assistant Secretary and Coordinator for International Communications and Information Policy
United States
© ITU/E. DOMINGUEZ
The Registan Square is located in the centre of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Legend has it that the square was a place of public executions from the 15th to the early 20th centuries, and it was strewn with sand to absorb the blood shed there. Therefore, the square was named Registan: reg (‘sand’) and stan (‘place’) - ‘a sand place’. It was also a place where people, summoned with trumpets, gathered to listen to government decrees.
Initially, at the beginning of the 15th century, the square did not have the grand madrasahs standing on its three sides today. These were built later, in the 15th and the 17th centuries.
The Registan Square, paved with fired bricks and cobbles, and the architectural ensemble of its three edifices, masterpieces of medieval Islamic architecture, have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2001. The central building of the ensemble is Tilla-Qori Madrasah (also spelled Tilla-Kori, Tillya-Kori, Tilya-Kori, Tilla-Kori); Ulugbek Madrasah (also spelled Ulugh Beg, Ulughbeg, Ulugh-Beg) and Sher-Dor Madrasah (also spelled Sher Dor, Sherdor, Shir Dor, Shirdor) stand to the left and right of it respectively.
The madrasahs date from different times. Ulugbek Madrasah, the earliest of them, was built in 1417 - 1420 by order of Ulugbek, Tamerlane’s grandson. Two centuries later, by order of Samarkand governor Yalangtush Bahadur (also spelled Yalangtush Bakhodur, Yalangtosh Bahodir) Sher-Dor Madrasah and Tilla-Qori Madrasah were built. These replaced the khanaka, a Sufi hospice and monastery, and the caravanserai that had been built under Ulugbek. Each of the madrasahs features unique decorations: fascinating tile mosaics, delicate stone carvings and splendid gilt ceilings.
There was a period when Registan Square madrasahs stayed in a state of disrepair and were empty. In the 17th - 18th centuries, Samarkand was in crisis: the khanate’s capital had been moved to Bukhara, and the Silk Road highway passing through the city had ceased to function. At the end of the 18th century Samarkand came back to normal life again, with a lot of shops and other small facilities opened in the square. In 1875, the square was levelled and paved, and became the major city centre again.
Today various festivals, holidays and shows are held in the square. The madrasahs have been fully restored and are open for visitors. There is a number of shops offering local handicrafts housed in them.
The Sher-Dor Madrasah, which translates as ‘possessing lions’, was named after the mosaic motif on the upper part of its pishtaq portal. Reflecting each other on the right and left parts of the tympanum, it is a tiger-looking beast with a mane - some sort of a tiglon - pursuing some sort of a white fallow deer, and a segment of the personified sun over the tiglon’s back: either watching the hunting scene or just rising out.
This mosaic motif is unique to medieval Islamic historic buildings, since depicting animals and people is against sharia. However, the designers of the madrasah seem to have tried to find a compromise: the creatures are fantastical, and the human face of the sun has both male and female features.
Why Yalangtush Bahadur decided to use this motif, provoking Muslim clergy, is only a supposition. Some scholars say he wanted to highlight it because it was a popular Samarkand symbol of power, a Persian symbol Samarkand had borrowed. (Iran’s emblem before 1979 was a lion with the sun too.) By the way, today’s Samarkand seal features a snow leopard - another member of the large cats family... Whatever the reason was, the mosaic turned out to be a unique Central Asian piece of art and one of Uzbekistan’s identity emblems. Sher-Dor’s tiglon and the sun is even printed on the country’s 200-som banknote.
The Sher-Dor Madrasah was built on the site of the dilapidated khanaka right across from Ulugbek Madrasah in 1619 - 1635/36. Its portal was supposed to be a reflection of Ulugbek Madrasah portal, but they managed to achieve it only to a certain extent. The architect had not allowed for the two-meter elevation difference between the madrasahs (Sher-Dor’s site was higher), so they had to shorten the structure to be level with Ulugbek Madrasah.
The Sher-Dor Madrasah still features two impressive ribbed domes flanking its portal (Ulugbek’s once had such domes too.) The Sher-Dor Madrasah structure is a rectangle in plan too, though shorter, for there is not a mosque at its end. In contrast with Ulugbek Madrasah, Sher-Dor hudjra cells are of one room only; the eastern facade features wall-high three-quarter towers, not minarets. The side iwan niches facing the yard have multifaceted semi-spherical ceilings Ulugbek Madrasah has never had.
The Sher-Dor madrasah is also richly decorated with glazed bricks and tiles, forming various mosaics and intricate girikh geometrical patterns (‘Persian knots’) designed to look discernible from a distance. The friezes of the minarets and the dome drums are covered with ornamental inscriptions in Arabic. The upper parts of the hudjra cell arches, the interior of the lecture hall and many other surfaces of the madrasah feature very fine floral designs and arabesques - gilt and multicoloured.
The Sher-Dor Madrasah has survived a few earthquakes, with considerable damage though. In the 1920s and 1960s it was restored completely.
For almost three centuries the madrasah was quite a prominent Islamic college, although behind Ulugbek Madrasah in prestige. Despite its size, only around 40 students could study in it. Among its graduates was Shihabetdin Marjani, the famous Tatar theologian and a member of the Sufi order of Naqshbandi (1818-1889).
Yalangtush Bahadur ordered the building of the Tilla-Qori Madrasah (‘gilded’) on the site of Mirzo Caravanserai, also dilapidated, in 1646 - ten years after Sher-Dor Madrasah had been finished. They completed Tilla-Qori Madrasah in 1660, after the governor had already died.
The madrasah had been designed to complete the architectural ensemble in the square, adorning its northern side. However, the architect did not plan to make it a replica of either of the other two madrasahs. Though its main portal is similar to the ones of its mates, it is smaller, while the two-story wings, each with a short minaret at the end, are longer and have arched niches of 16 hujra cells.
The madrasah is square in plan, featuring a mosque with a portal and a large blue dome on the left of the main portal and behind it. They wanted the structure to serve as both a madrasah and a Friday communal prayer mosque.
The mosque is a cross in plan, featuring a beautifully decorated mihrab - a niche in the wall of a mosque that shows the direction Tilla-Qori Madrasahof Mecca Muslims should face when praying - and an 11-stair marble minbar pulpit. The interior walls and cupola of the mosque boast rich gilt ornaments; hence the name of the madrasah translates as ‘gilded’.
The four-iwan yard is surrounded with hujra cells: the main facade wings have two storeys of them; the other three sides have only one. The inside and outside yard facades are covered with brick and tile geometric, floral and mosaic designs.
At the beginning of the 19th century a strong earthquake destroyed the upper part of the main portal of the madrasah. It was restored during the reign of emir Khaidar (1800 - 1826), except for the mosaic decoration though. The restoration work on the décor and exterior ornaments continued and was completed in the 20th century: in the 1920s, 1930s, 1950s and 1970s. Today Tilla-Qori Madrasah houses the Registan restoration museum.
All images in this album are renderings.
Select renderings show customs items which would need to be individually quoted by project.
Finish Disclaimer:
No details on finishes can be provided. Finishes on computer screens can appear different than in person. Dealers should order samples through the Dealer Resource Center (DRC) to determine what works best for their needs.
Clock face is Bog Oak, surround is Walnut Bark, smaller sections are walnut and Bog Oak with Lilac veneer. Small quartz movement used.
Welcome to the Lower Crooked Wild and Scenic River, which was designated a Federal Wild and Scenic River in 1988. Located along the Crooked River National Back Country Byway, the 8-mile Chimney Rock segment boast diverse scenery and wildlife and provides access to year-round recreational activities.
The Chimney Rock Campground has 15 campsites on a first come, first serve bases and it is open year-round. There are accessible toilets and water.
For more information contact call 541-416-6879 or visit www.blm.gov
Photo: Gavin Hoban, BLM, December 19, 2017
I'd finished my orange at work this morning and someone commented how clean the remaining skin was. I then saw the possible potential and as I had my G1 with me thought why not. This was the result!
..I worry about myself at times!! lol. What next!?
Segment 4 of 5 of the carport extension is nicely finished and starting to set. The wooden form in the foreground will hold it in place before we remove it tomorrow to pour the final segment. Note the three prior segments in various stages of drying in the distance.
The Chimney Rock segment of the Crooked Wild and Scenic River is becoming increasingly popular for all kinds of recreation. Thousands of people visit each year to enjoy the incredible fishing, camping, and scenic views.
The area provides for many types of recreation activities including: camping, fishing, hiking, and driving, or bicycling on the Crooked River Backcountry Byway. A paved portion of the 43-mile long Crooked River Back Country Byway winds its way through the river canyon. It’s got it all!
Check out this amazing stretch of river and start your adventure right here:
blm.gov/d8ld
Photos: Bob Wick, BLM
High-level segment H.E. Ambassador Mark Kent
British Ambassador to the Argentine Republic
United Kingdom
© ITU/E. DOMINGUEZ
De segmenten worden door de robotarm opgetild van de loopband en vervolgens op hun plaats gezet. Met een duimstok wordt gemeten of de tunnelring goed is aangebracht.
Fotograaf: Jurriaan Brobbel
03.12.2018 Official opening ceremony of COP24/CMP14/CMA1.3 and high-level segment
These photos are free to use under Creative Commons licenses and must be credited: "© cop24.gov.pl"
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A section of the Berlin wall showing the final design that was installed around West Berlin. Hard to climb and hard to crack by driving into it.
Nikon D4 + 24-70mm f/2.8G | Roque de los Muchachos Obs, La Palma, Canary Islands, 12 July 2012
© 2012 José Francisco Salgado, PhD
Do not use without permission.
MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes) is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes situated at about 2200 m above sea level. MAGIC detects particle showers released by gamma rays, using the Cherenkov radiation, i.e., faint light radiated by the charged particles in the showers. With a diameter of 17 meters for the reflecting surface, it was the largest in the world before the construction of H.E.S.S. II.