View allAll Photos Tagged request
Grave marker placed at the request of Davis Lawler to commorate the lives of his mother and father - Ann Lawler (1781- 1835) & Matt W. Lawler, Esq. (1755-1831). Davis and his wife Augusta of Berlin, Prussia are also buried here.
www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM3RWX
www.springgrove.org/sg/genealogy/stats/20471.tif.pdf
Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio www.springgrove.org/
The cemetery dates from 1844, when members of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society formed a cemetery association. They took their inspiration from contemporary rural cemeteries such as Père Lachaise in Paris, and Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. On December 1, 1844 Salmon P. Chase and others prepared the Articles of Incorporation. The cemetery was formally chartered on January 21, 1845, and the first burial took place on September 1, 1845. In 1855 Adolph Strauch, a renowned landscape architect, was hired to renovate the grounds. His sense and layout of the "garden cemetery", made of lakes, trees and shrubs, is what visitors today still see. In 1987, the association officially changed its name to "Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum" to better represent its remarkable collection of both native and exotic trees, as well as its State and National Champion Trees.
A customer requested Whoopie Pies; never having made them, I started testing recipes and also purchased the book on the subject. This is a tough product to get right; the filling calls for large amounts of shortening which made a cute product, but an unpleasant taste.
I finally ended up making a from scratch marshmallow style filling; sweet and light, without aftertaste.
So, I run out of ideas easily and I need people to request! Comment below or send me a message with what picture you would like to see :)
(Take a look at my other manips)
3FM Serious Request draait dit jaar om diarree. Jaarlijks overlijden er wereldwijd 800.000 kinderen aan de gevolgen van diarree en om dat aantal terug te dringen, zetten 3FM en het Rode Kruis zich van 18 t/m 24 december vanuit Leeuwarden in om zoveel mogelijk geld in te zamelen voor deze stille ramp. Details: www.3fm.nl
In de week voor Kerstmis haalt NPO 3FM samen met heel Nederland geld op om ouders en kinderen te herenigen tijdens 3FM Serious Request. Wereldwijd zijn meer dan vier miljoen familieleden elkaar kwijt door een ramp of conflict. Het Rode Kruis herenigt deze mensen met hun geliefden. Check www.3fm.nl/seriousrequest.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Israel Aircraft Industries Kfir (Hebrew: כְּפִיר, "Lion Cub") was an Israeli all-weather multirole combat aircraft based on the French Dassault Mirage 5, with Israeli avionics and an Israeli-built version of the General Electric J79 turbojet engine. The project that would ultimately give birth to the Kfir can be traced back to Israel's need for adapting the Dassault Mirage IIIC to the specific requirements of the Israeli Air Force (IAF). The all-weather, delta-winged Mirage IIICJ was the first Mach 2 aircraft acquired by Israel from then-close ally France and constituted the backbone of the IAF during most of the 1960s, until the arrival of the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and, most importantly, the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, by the end of the decade. While the Mirage IIICJ proved to be extremely effective in the air-superiority role, its relatively short range of action imposed some limitations on its usefulness as a ground-attack aircraft.
Thus, in the mid-1960s, at the request of Israel, Dassault Aviation began developing the Mirage 5, a fair-weather, ground-attack version of the Mirage III. Following the suggestions made by the Israelis, advanced avionics located behind the cockpit were removed, allowing the aircraft to increase its fuel-carrying capacity while reducing maintenance costs. By 1968, Dassault had finished production of the 50 Mirage 5Js paid for by Israel, but an arms embargo imposed upon Israel by the French government in 1967 prevented deliveries from taking place. The Israelis replied by producing an unlicensed copy of the Mirage 5, the Nesher, with technical specifications for both the airframe and the engine obtained by Israeli spies.
The Kfir program originated in the quest to develop a more capable version of the IAI Nesher, which was already in series production. After General De Gaulle embargoed the sale of arms to Israel, the IAF feared that it might lose qualitative superiority over its adversaries in the future, which were receiving increasingly advanced Soviet aircraft. The main and most advanced type of aircraft available to the IAF was the Mirage, but a severe problem developed due to the Mirage fleet's depletion due to attrition after the Six-Day War. Domestic production would avoid the problem of the embargo completely; efforts to reverse engineer and reproduce components of the Mirage were aided by Israeli espionage efforts to obtain technical assistance and blueprints from third party Mirage operators.
Changing an aircraft’s powerplant had already been successfully executed in Israel with the French Dassault Super Mystère SM2B. In IDF service, the SM2B had its Atar afterburning engine replaced by a stronger but non-afterburning J52-P-8A engine from the IDF-exclusive A-4H Skyhawk variant, leading to the Sa’ar. A re-engined Kfir represented a very similar project, and two powerplants were initially selected for trials: the General Electric J79 turbojet and the Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan. In the end, the J79 was selected, not least because it was the same engine used on the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, which the Israelis began to acquire from the United States in 1969, along with a license to produce the J79 themselves. The J79 was clearly superior to the original French Atar 09, providing a dry thrust of 49 kN (11,000 lbf) and an afterburning thrust of 83.4 kN (18,750 lbf).
In order to accommodate the new powerplant on the Mirage III's airframe, and to deliver the added cooling required by the J79, the aircraft's rear fuselage was slightly shortened and widened, its air intakes were enlarged, and a large air inlet was installed at the base of the vertical stabilizer, so as to supply the extra cooling needed for the afterburner. The engine itself was encased in a titanium heatshield.
The Kfir entered service with the IDF in 1975, and over the following years, several other squadrons were also equipped with the new aircraft. The role of the Kfir as the IAF's primary air superiority asset was short-lived, as the first F-15 Eagle fighters from the United States were delivered to Israel in 1976 and immediately took over that role. The first basic production variant was the Kfir C.1, of which only 27 examples were produced and which was quickly superseded by the C.2 variant, which had different wings with dogteeth and small fixed canards for better handling, plus some other changes that markedly improved the type’s performance.
The early C.1s were quickly retired from frontline service, but in 1985 25 upgraded Kfir C.1 aircraft (recognizable through retrofitted, highly swept canard strakes on the air intakes) were leased to the US Navy and the US Marines Corps as aggressors for dissimilar aerial combat training and designated F-21A Lion. They served until 1989 and their overall performance matched the Soviet MiG-23, but they were soon replaced by F-5E and F-16N fighters. The F-21As were returned to Israel and mothballed, since the IDF had in the meantime introduced the advanced Kfir C.7 fighter bomber and did not want to operate various versions of the aircraft.
Since the J79 turbojet engine was an U.S. design, although manufactured under license in Israel, all export sales of the Kfir were and are subject to prior approval being granted by the U.S. State Department, a fact that has limited the sale of the Kfir to foreign nations. The F-21As were a special case, since their number was relatively small and the type did not represent the Kfir’s state-of-the-art anymore.
However, when the Estonian Air Force (Õhuvägi) was re-established on 16 December 1991 after the restoration of independence of the Republic of Estonia in 1991, the USA decided to support the nascent nation and its military potential under the “Peace Baltic” program and donated its former aggressor fleet.
Refurbishing the Kfirs as part of the support program and upgrading them to Estonian standards (the latter financed by the Estonian government) took nearly three years, though. The cockpit received a modern HOTAS layout, matching the state-of-the-art Kfir C.7 standard. Avionics were updated, too, with an onboard UAT-40 central computer. This managed most mission-critical systems, integrating navigational data and functions, radar information and display, and weapons targeting and controls.
The most obvious change was the integration of a French Thomson-CSF Agave radar in a redesigned, less pointed nose section with a bigger radome that gave the Kfir a profile that reminded of its interceptor ancestor, the Mirage III. The Agave was operating in X-Band multi-mode radar, with navigation and air combat capabilities with a range of up to 40 NM (~74 km) but optimized for guiding the French air-to-sea AM39 “Exocet” missiles, which were regarded as a vital maritime defensive asset for the young country and procured for the Kfirs, too. Maritime patrol and strike were the Estonian prime missions, plus interceptions upon airspace intrusions on QRA. Another addition to improve survivability was a Sherloc passive radar warning system, integrated into the fin with a slender, box-shaped fairing.
The Estonian Air Force Command and Control Headquarters was formed in Tallinn on 13 April 1994. In the meantime, the German government donated in February 1993 two Let L-410UVPs transport aircraft (former NVA-LSK aircraft). In October 1994 the first modernized Kfirs, now designated F-21B and locally called “Lõvikutsikas (= Lion cub)”, as well as three Mi-2 helicopters, were delivered and followed by four Mi-8s in November 1995. Initially tasked with ground-based air surveillance and air defense using only old Soviet radars and AAA equipment, on 15 May 1997 the Estonian Air Force moved into the former Soviet Su-24 base at Ämari, south of Tallinn.
In the following years the Estonian Air Force slowly rebuilt the military infrastructure left by the Soviet military and made it compatible with NATO standards. Most of the funds were directed to the badly damaged Ämari military airfield which was finally completed in 2011. The objective of developing Ämari Air Base was to cooperate with NATO and partner nations air forces and being able to supply standardized airfield and aircraft services necessary for Host Nation Support, e.g. the multinational Quick Reaction Force for Operation Azotize, NATO's Baltic Air Policing mission. However, due to the lack of modern and developed military aviation infrastructure, the Estonian Air Force's development was very slow.
Lacking funds, the F-21Bs have been soldiering on as the Õhuvägi’s sole supersonic jet fighter, even though the procurement of second-hand F-16s from USAF overstock had been considered. This came to no fuition and in 2020 the small F-21B fleet was still active. By the time it had been reduced to only six operational aircraft, though, after two had been lost over the years through accidents, and the rest had been mothballed and partly used for spares. A replacement is still not in sight, even though F-16s are still at the top of the Estonian wish list, and French Mirage 2000s were considered, too.
General characteristics
Crew: One
Length (incl. pitot): 15.73 m (51 ft 6 1/4 in)
Wingspan: 8.22 m (26 ft 11½ in)
Height: 4.61 m (14 ft 11 3/4 in)
Wing area: 34.8 m² (374.6 sq ft)
Empty weight: 7,285 kg (16,060 lb)
Loaded weight: 11,603 kg (25,580 lb) with two 500 L drop tanks, two AAMs
Max. take-off weight: 16,200 kg (35,715 lb)
Powerplant:
1× General Electric J-79-J1E turbojet (IAl Bedek-built) with a dry thrust of 52.9 kN (11,890 lb st)
and 79.62 kN (17,900 lb st) with afterburner
Performance
Maximum speed: 2,440 km/h (2 Mach, 1,317 knots, 1,516 mph) above 11,000 m (36,000 ft)
Combat radius: 768 km (415 nmi, 477 mi) in ground attack configuration, hi-lo-hi profile,
with seven 500 lb bombs, two AAMs, two 1,300 L drop tanks
Service ceiling: 17,680 m (58,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 233 m/s (45,950 ft/min)
Armament:
2× Rafael-built 30 mm (1.18 in) DEFA 553 cannons, 140 RPG
7× hardpoints under the wings and fuselage for up to 5,775 kg (12,730 lb) of payload
The kit and its assembly:
Another Kfir, I just love the creative potential of this aircraft. And this build is - finally - the last one in a trio of fictional Post-Soviet Baltic air force aircraft (including a Lithuanian MiG-2000 and an Latvian F-5E). The Estonian sibling was inspired by the rather unrelated question: what had become of the F-21As that had served in the United States for a couple of years as aggressors for dissimilar flight training? These apparently were the first Kfirs ever built (almost the entire small C.1 fleet), but after their short use the airframes would certainly still have had some flying hours left, so that they might have found a new use? Potential operators from the period before the millennium that came to my mind were Mexico (Mexico actually wanted to buy 24 Kfirs, but this deal was vetoed by the USA because of the J79 engine), Botswana and Latvia, but I eventually settled for Estonia because I had been wanting to create a modern-day whif for this Baltic country for some time - to complete the whiffy aircraft trio.
There’s only a single OOB Kfir C.1 out there, AFAIK, the venerable Italeri F-21A kit. There are certainly better Kfirs available, but modding a later C.2/7 into the early variant would take some effort. Losing the canards is probably the simpler task, but the wings are very different: they lack the dog tooth and have a Mirage-III-esque simple slot in the leading edge. A wing transplant might do the trick, but this would require a sound donor kit, and I did not want to spend too much money on this project.
The F-21 was mostly built OOB, with its traditional flaws like the poorly fitting cockpit tub (which received widened side consoles, and the seat received elector trigger handles made from wire), sinkholes on the wing root and the complex/jagged seam area between fuselage, air intakes and wings.
I wanted to give the aircraft an update, though, so I decided to provide it with a better radar for maritime strikes in the form of a French Agave multi-role system (used in the Super Étendard, too, and by 1990 not state-of-the-art anymore), which would also make the use as the Exocet ASM as a prime weapon against sea targets and the Kfir’s new role as a defensive strike aircraft plausible. To change the look a little more I also added a radar warning fairing to the fin under the dielectric fin, made from styrene strips.
The ordnance was inspired by the French practice to carry only a single Exocet missile under one Super Étendard wing and a drop tank under the other; the missile came from an Italeri NATO weapons set, the drop tank is the large OOB tank - both just mounted on pylons on the inner underwing stations while the ventral hardpoint was omitted. The outer wing stations thankfully already come with molded AAM launch rails, I just replaced the OOB ACMI pods with modern Sidewinders.
Painting and markings:
The funnier part, and initially I thought about keeping one of the USN/USMC grey-in-grey aggressor paint schemes. But then I rather went for something darker, suitable for low-level operations over the sea, and found Estonia’s (early sole) L-39 Albatros trainer, which carried for some time a disruptive paint scheme in three blue and grey tones (probably FS 36440 or something lighter, 35164 and 35109) with very light grey, almopst white (FS 36622 and/or 36495?) undersides.
Using photos of this singular aircraft as benchmark I designed my own camouflage pattern for the Kfir’s delta wing layout and reduced the colors to just FS 35164 and 35109 from above, while FS 36440 was used as the third upper tone as well as for the uniform undersides. Looks almost decorative, but in the air the scheme appears to be quite effective, esp. against clouds but also over a cluttered underground, as it reall breaks up the aircraft's outlines.
A light black ink washing was applied as well as post-panel-shading with brushes. The cockpit interior became medium grey, the landing gear white, very conservative.
Decals and markings were puzzled together, asp. the Estonian trianglesof relatively small size were hard to procure - they actually belong to a real-world post WWI Sopwith Camel (from two PrintScale sheets to get four of them), and the had the added value of a whote edge that would add contrast to the markings on the grey/blue surfaces. The only other national marking is a fin flash, which had to be painted, though.
Tactical markings are minimal, and I adapted a code style from the Estonian L-39 which looked quite American. Stencils were taken from the Kfir's OOB sheet. Finally, the model was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).
A relatively simple whif project (after the long and tedious fight with the V 200/Märklin 3021 conversion), since the model was mostly built OOB with just minor cosmetic changes - just tha radome was added/changed and the ordnance. However, despite its exotic operator, the Estonian Kfir look attractive and purposeful in its subdued yet flashy grey/blue scheme (the blue turned out much brighter than expected!), even though the question how plausible it looks is better left open. :D
Requested details: Silver robot cupid wearing sunglasses, carrying bow and arrows, and running on the beach near the waves. With rustic finish.
MY 3 ROBOT LAWS:
1: Each Robot is unique, one of a kind.
2: NOT intended for children, NOT Bendable, for display only.
3: Not intended for those that do not think robots are awesome.
HOW THEY ARE MADE:
Each robot is handmade by me. Polymer clay is shaped into robotic goodness, reclaimed bearing balls added for eyes and wire woven into springs that make the neck, arms & legs (coiling gizmo rocks). After baking, multiple coats of varnish are brushed on for protection and shiny delight.
By request of @webtwozero. It only now occurs to me that I should have used a more recent one, when there would be snow on the slopes. D’oh. This is Landsat 8 scene LC80470252013287LGN00.
De DJ's in het Glazen Huis in Heerlen zetten zich in december 2015 samen met Nederland in voor de generatie van de toekomst in oorlogs- en conflictgebieden: kinderen en jongeren die leven onder de meest extreme omstandigheden en daardoor weinig kans hebben op scholing en ontwikkeling. Zij zijn de stille slachtoffers van de oorlog. NPO 3FM geeft ze met Serious Request een stem. Wijnand Speelman reisde naar Congo, een land waar de oorlog een enorme impact heeft op het dagelijks leven.
Check: seriousrequest.3fm.nl/
Met 3FM Serious Request 2015 zetten we ons dit jaar in voor kinderen en jongeren in oorlogs- en conflictgebieden: deze generatie leeft onder de meest extreme omstandigheden en heeft daardoor weinig kans op scholing en ontwikkeling. Zij zijn de stille slachtoffers van de oorlog. Voor meer info, check: www.3fm.nl/seriousrequest. Nielson tijdens eindshow Serious Request
Photos for editorial use ONLY. To purchase high resolution photos, please email press@worldtabletennis.com with your photo requests.
In de week voor Kerstmis haalt NPO 3FM samen met heel Nederland geld op om ouders en kinderen te herenigen tijdens 3FM Serious Request. Wereldwijd zijn meer dan vier miljoen familieleden elkaar kwijt door een ramp of conflict. Het Rode Kruis herenigt deze mensen met hun geliefden. Check www.3fm.nl/seriousrequest.
By request, an EID head on an XM 60cm Venus body. I would not have thought this would work, but with a donut in place to lift her head and add mobility, she looks GREAT!
XM does not color match, so you're stuck with their beautiful white (creamy white, shown here) or pink normal which is more pink than peach. Not sure how it matches to IH normal.The IH white (which is creamy) matches pretty darn well tho!
What a great hybrid!! The XM body is really impressive, too. No needfor heeled feet as Xm dolls have hinged feet. woot!
This pic shows the head WITHOUT donut. Very wobbly, no mobility. Not too bad aesthetically if you don't mind a more realistic-length neck. The head is pushed forward a but from the backrgound though, which made it look a bit better. She needs a spacer/donut.
Requested details, wearing a tux, top hat, and monocle. Serious face with mustache, standing upon a matching gear and looks rather classy.
Robot sculpture combining polymer clay, wire woven into coil springs, varnish and a little heart handmade by HerArtSheLoves. theawesomerobots.com
requested by: divadragon rares 2
:)
feel free to make requests in my inbox, I'll try to get back to them asap <3
The Parish of Llandudno requests that for their own safety, all visitors should keep to the paths, as the ground in the churchyard is very uneven.
St Tudno’s churchyard adjoins the Great Orme municipal cemetery. Click here to discover interesting graves there.
Near the northern entrance to the churchyard stands Llandudno’s memorial to the four local men who died in the Boer War. They and others who served are also commemorated on a plaque in the Town Hall – click here for more information about them.
St Tudno's Church has produced its own guides to the churchyard, which you can download as pdf files here. They contain more information about the history, natural history and management of the churchyard.
Western sector
1, Aldwyth Katrin Williams (d.1918) – nursed wounded soldiers, died of flu shortly before Armistice
2, Dean Patrick Mulligan (d.1906) – priest who oversaw major growth in Roman Catholic worship
3, Stephen Dunphy (d.1906) – former sailor who ran bakeries and grocery shops
4, Thomas Evans (d.1897) – one of four mariner brothers in house nicknamed “Sailors’ Home”
5, William “Zulu” Smith (d.1895) – mountaineer and founder of Llandudno newspaper
6, Sir John Bayley (d.1952) – founded Wrekin College at the age of 27
7, Alice Tarrey (d.1831) – died in shipwreck after drunken captain refused her husband’s safety plea
8, Edward Harris (d.1932) – killed in Great Orme tram crash while trying to save child passenger
9, Harry Lawrence Oakley (d.1960) – silhouette artist and Army captain in the First World War
Eastern sector
20, James Lee (d.1871) – lighthouse boy who fell while climbing to seabirds’ nest
21, Leonard Bright (d.1864) – MP’s son who innocently chose his burial place shortly before fatal illness
22, Job Jones (d.1896) – first keeper of Great Orme lighthouse
23, Thomas Kendrick (d.1897) – his prehistoric finds included horse jaw decorated 13,000 years ago
24, Thomas Tudno Jones (d.1895) – poet who won the National Eisteddfod chair four times
25, Langton Prendergast Walsh (d.1927) – linguist and first Administrator of British Somaliland
26, Mary Edith Nepean (d.1960) – artist, novelist and wartime nurse
27, Walter Beaumont (d.1924) – swimmer who performed amazing underwater stunts
28, Guy Everingham (d.1917) – shot down by the Red Baron soon after his wedding in Llandudno
29, Sir William Lloyd (d.1857) – One of the first Europeans to scale a Himalayan peak
The Great Orme (Welsh: Y Gogarth) is a limestone headland on the north coast of Wales, north-west of the town of Llandudno. Referred to as Cyngreawdr Fynydd by the 12th-century poet Gwalchmai ap Meilyr,[1] its English name derives from the Old Norse word for sea serpent. The Little Orme, a smaller but very similar limestone headland, is on the eastern side of Llandudno Bay.
Both the Great and Little Ormes have been etymologically linked to the Old Norse words urm or orm that mean sea serpent (English worm is a cognate). One explanation is that the Great Orme is the head, with its body being the land between the Great and Little Ormes, whilst another, possibly more likely, is that the shape of the Great Orme viewed as one enters the isthmus of Llandudno from the southeast landward end resembles a giant sleeping creature. The Vikings left no written texts of their time in North Wales although they certainly raided the area. They did not found any permanent settlements, unlike on the Wirral Peninsula, but some Norse names remain in use in the former Kingdom of Gwynedd (such as Point of Ayr near Talacre).
Despite there being a theory for the origin of the name "Orme", the word was not commonly used until after the creation of the Victorian resort of Llandudno in the mid-19th century. Before this, Welsh names were predominantly used locally and in cartography to name the headland's landward features and the surrounding area. The entire peninsula on which Llandudno was built was known as the Creuddyn (the medieval name of the cwmwd – a historical division of land in Wales); the headland itself was called Y Gogarth or Pen y Gogarth; its promontories were Pen trwyn, Llech, and Trwyn y Gogarth.
Orme only appears to have been applied to the headland as seen from the sea. In 1748, the Plan of the Bay & Harbour of Conway in Caernarvon Shire by Lewis Morris names the body of the peninsula "CREUDDYN" but applies the name "Orme's Head" to the headland's north-westerly seaward point.[3] The first series Ordnance Survey map (published in 1841 and before the establishment of Llandudno) follows this convention. The headland is called the "Great Orme's Head" but its landward features all have Welsh names. It is likely that Orme became established as its common name due to Llandudno's burgeoning tourist trade because a majority of visitors and holidaymakers arrived by sea. The headland was the first sight of their destination in the three-hour journey from Liverpool by paddle steamer.
Parts of the Great Orme are managed as a nature reserve by the Conwy County Borough Countryside Service. The area, which is two miles (three kilometres) long by 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) wide, has a number of protective designations including Special Area of Conservation, Heritage Coast, Country Park, and Site of Special Scientific Interest. The local authority provides a warden service on the Great Orme that regularly patrols the special scientific and conservation areas. There are numerous maintained paths for walking to the summit; a section of the long-distance North Wales Path also crosses the headland. About half the Great Orme is in use as farmland, mostly for sheep grazing. In 2015, the National Trust purchased the summit's 140-acre (57-hectare) Parc Farm for £1million.
The Great Orme is a peninsula made mostly of limestone and dolomite, formed during the Early Carboniferous part of the Earth's geological history. Most of the Great Orme's rocks are between 339 and 326 million years old. The upper surface of the Great Orme is particularly noted for its limestone pavements covering several headland areas. There are also rich seams of dolomite-hosted copper ore. The Great Orme copper mine was estimated to have produced enough copper to make about 2,000 tons of bronze during the Bronze Age. The slopes of the Great Orme are subject to occasional subsidence.
Natural wells were greatly prized in limestone districts and the Great Orme was no exception. Water was required for copper mining purposes as well as for domestic and agricultural use. The following Great Orme wells are known and most still supply running water:
Ffynnon Llygaid. Possibly one of the wells supplying the needs of the once populous Gogarth community before much of it was lost to coastal erosion.
Ffynnon Gogarth. The main water source for Gogarth and in the later 18th and early 19th centuries the power source to operate the famous Tom and Gerry engine that through a long series of Brammock rods powered the mine water pumps at the Higher shaft near the summit above Pyllau.
Ffynnon Powel. One of the water supplies together with ffynnon Tudno and ffynnon Rufeining serving the medieval farming community of Cyngreawdr.
Ffynnon Galchog. This well, near Mynydd Isaf, to the north of Pen Dinas, is a source of lime-rich water known for its petrifying qualities, it is one of two wells known to have been used in the washing of copper ores.
Ffynnon Tudno. Situated beyond the road, near the northeast corner of St Tudno's Church, ffynnon Tudno was, together with ffynnon Rufeining, a principal source of water for the community settled around the church.
Ffynnon Rufeining. Translated as "Roman Well", it takes its name from the tradition that Roman copper miners used its waters to wash the copper ores mined nearby.
Ffynnon Llech. A spring of water in Ogof Llech, a cave on the headland which is very difficult to access. It is claimed to have been used as a hermitage by Saint Tudno, a sixth-century monk of Bangor-is-y-Coed who established the first church here.
Ffynnon Gaseg. Literally "Mare's well", this spring was revealed at the side of the road, about halfway round and near the highest point, during the construction of the Marine Drive in the 19th century. It was ideally situated to refresh the horses on the five-mile carriage drive round the base of the Great Orme.
The Great Orme has a very rich flora, including most notably the only known site of the critically endangered wild cotoneaster (Cotoneaster cambricus), of which only six wild plants are known. Many of the flowers growing in shallow lime-rich earth on the headland have developed from the alpine sub-Arctic species that developed following the last ice-age. Spring and early summer flowers include bloody cranesbill, thrift and sea campion, clinging to the sheer rock face, while pyramidal orchid, common rockrose and wild thyme carpet the grassland. The old mines and quarries also provide suitable habitat for species of plants including spring squill growing on the old copper workings. The white horehound (Marrubium vulgare), which is found growing on the westernmost slopes of the Orme is said to have been used, and perhaps cultivated, by 14th-century monks, no doubt to make herbal remedies including cough mixtures. The rare horehound plume moth (Wheeleria spilodactylus) lays her eggs amongst the silky leaves and its caterpillars rely for food solely upon this one plant.
The headland is the habitat of several endangered species of butterflies and moths, including the silky wave, the silver-studded blue (Plebejus argus subsp. caernesis) and the grayling (Hipparchia semele thyone) These last two have adapted to the Great Orme by appearing earlier in the year to take advantage of the limestone flowers and grasses. Also they are smaller than in other parts of the country and are recognised as a definite subspecies. The Great Orme is reported as the northernmost known habitat within Britain for several 'southern' species of spider notably: Segestria bavarica, Episinus truncatus, Micrargus laudatus, Drassyllus praeficus, Liocranum rupicola and Ozyptila scabricula.
The headland is also home to about 200 Kashmir goats. The herd, which has roamed the Orme since the middle of the 19th century, is descended from a pair of goats that were presented by the Shah of Persia to Queen Victoria shortly after her coronation in 1837. Numbers are controlled by compulsory sterilization; the action was taken because competition for resources was forcing goats off the Orme into gardens and property. The Royal Welsh, a large regiment in the British Army, is permitted by the British monarch to choose an animal from the herd to be a regimental goat (if it passes selection, it is given the honorary rank of lance corporal). During the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Wales, goats began entering the town because of the lack of people; at the same time, the goat population on the Orme grew rapidly because park wardens were unable to administer sterilisation injections. With the end of the pandemic, the town council has created a special task force to manage goat numbers.
The caves and abandoned mine workings are home to large colonies of the rare horseshoe bat. This small flying mammal navigates the caves and tunnels by using echolocation to obtain a mental picture of its surroundings. During the daytime, horseshoe bats are found suspended from the roof of tunnels and caves, with their wings tightly wrapped around their bodies. Only at dusk do the bats leave the caves and mine shafts, to feed on beetles and moths.
The cliffs are host to colonies of seabirds (such as guillemots, kittiwakes, razorbills and even fulmars as well as gulls). The Great Orme is also home to many resident and migrant land birds including ravens, little owls and peregrine falcons. The Red-billed Chough is occasionally spotted.
Below the cliffs, the rock-pools around the headland are a rich and varied habitat for aquatic plants and animals including barnacles, red beadlet anemones and hermit crab
Large-scale human activity on the Great Orme began around 4,000 years ago during the Bronze Age with the opening of several copper mines. The copper ore malachite was mined using stones and bone tools. It is estimated that up to 1,760 tonnes of copper was mined during the period. The mine was most productive in the period between 1700BC and 1400BC, after which most of the readily accessible copper had been extracted. The site was so productive that by 1600BC, there were no other copper mines left open in Britain because they could not compete with the Great Orme.
The mine was abandoned and evidence suggests it was not worked again until the late 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Mining began in the late 17th century due to the demand for copper and improved ability to pump water out of the mine. A steam engine was introduced in 1832 and ten years later an 822-metre long tunnel was mined at sea level to drain the deeper mine workings. Commercial-scale mining on the Great Orme ended in the 1850s, although small-scale mining continued until the mines were finally abandoned in 1881.
In 1987, the improvement of the derelict mine site was commissioned by the local council and Welsh Development Agency. The area was to be landscaped and turned into a car park. Since excavation began in 1987, over five miles (eight kilometres) of prehistoric tunnels have been discovered. It is estimated that less than half of the prehistoric tunnels have been discovered so far.
In April 1991 the Great Orme Mines site was opened to the public. Pathways and viewing platforms were constructed to give access to the surface excavations. In 1996 a bridge was erected over the top of Vivian's Shaft. The visitor centre's extension, built-in 2014, contains a selection of mining tools and bronze axes along with displays about life and death in the Bronze Age, mining and ancient metallurgy. Also accessible is the 3,500-year-old Great Cavern.
The medieval parish of Llandudno comprised three townships all established on the lower slopes of the Great Orme. The township of Y Gogarth at the south-western 'corner' of the Great Orme was latterly the smallest but it contained the palace of the Bishop of Bangor. The Manor of Gogarth (which included all three townships) had been bestowed on Anian, Bishop of Bangor by King Edward I in 1284 in recognition of services rendered to the crown, notably the baptism of the first English Prince of Wales, newly born at Caernarfon. The palace was burnt down by Owain Glyndŵr in 1400 and the ruins have mostly been washed away together with much of the township by coastal erosion in the Conwy Estuary.
The significant agricultural yet north-facing township of Cyngreawdr includes the original parish church and rectory of St Tudno, a sixth- or seventh-century foundation. Following the Glyndŵr uprising, the villagers of the Creuddyn peninsula were harshly taxed and by 1507 they had nearly all fled their homes. Henceforth the cultivated land lay fallow and is now grazed by sheep and goats. Llandudno's Victorian cemetery, which is still in regular use, was laid out in 1859 adjacent to the 12th-century church of Saint Tudno where open-air services are held every Sunday morning in summer. Nearby are several large ancient stones that have become shrouded in folklore and also an unexplained stone-lined avenue called Hwylfa'r Ceirw leading towards Cilfin Ceirw (Precipice of Deer).
The third township was Yn Wyddfid clustered below the Iron Age hill fort of Pen y Dinas at the northeastern "corner" of the Great Orme. With the reopening of the copper mines from the 18th century onwards, this township grew considerably in size with the streets and cottages of the mining village laid out on the largely abandoned agricultural holdings.
In 1825 the Board of the Port of Liverpool obtained a Private Act of Parliament to help improve safety and communications for the merchant marine operating in the Irish Sea and Liverpool Bay. The Act allowed them to erect and maintain telegraph stations between Liverpool and the Isle of Anglesey. This would help ship-owners, merchants and port authorities in Liverpool know the location of all mercantile shipping along the North Wales coast.
In 1826 the summit of the Great Orme was chosen as the location for one of the 11 optical semaphore stations that would form an unbroken 80 mi (130 km) chain from Liverpool to Holyhead. The original semaphore station on the Orme, which consisted of small building with living accommodation, used a 15 m (49 ft) ship's mast with three pairs of moveable arms to send messages to either Puffin Island 7 mi (11 km) to the west or 8+1⁄2 mi (14 km) to Llysfaen in the east. Skilled telegraphers could send semaphore messages between Liverpool and Holyhead in under a minute.
In March 1855 the Great Orme telegraph station was converted to electric telegraph. Landlines and submarine cables connected the Orme to Liverpool and Holyhead. At first the new equipment was installed in the original Semaphore Station on the summit until it was moved down to the Great Orme lighthouse in 1859. Two years later the Great Orme semaphore station closed with the completion of a direct electric telegraph connection from Liverpool to Holyhead.
By the late 1860s, Llandudno's blossoming tourist trade saw many Victorians visit the old semaphore station at the summit to enjoy the panorama. This led to the development of the summit complex.
By the early 20th century, a nine-bed hotel was built on the site. It served as the clubhouse for the Great Orme Golf Club that was founded in the early 1900s. The course closed in 1939 and is now a sheep farm.
On 11 July 1914, Beatrice Blore drove a Singer Ten car up the cable track of the Great Orme, with a gradient of 1 in 3 in places, becoming the first woman to drive up the steep and challenging headland. She was six months pregnant at the time and the drive was a publicity stunt developed by her partner George Wilkin Browne to help sell the cars at his Llandudno garage, North Wales Silver Motors. Her feat is commemorated by her unusual gravestone in St Tudno's graveyard.
During the Second World War, the RAF built a Chain Home Low radar station at the summit. In 1952 the site was taken into private ownership until it was acquired by Llandudno Urban Town Council in 1961.
The Royal Artillery coast artillery school was transferred from Shoeburyness to the Great Orme in 1940 (and additionally a Practice Camp was established on the Little Orme in 1941) during the Second World War. Target practice was undertaken from the headland to both towed and anchored boats. Experimental work and training was also provided for radio direction finding. The foundations of some of the buildings and installations remain and can be seen from the western end of Marine Drive. The site of the school was scheduled as an Ancient Monument in 2011 by CADW, the Welsh Government's Historic Monuments body. This was done in recognition of the site's significance in a UK and Welsh context.
Also of note was the Aerial Defence Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) known as "X3" which was a 3-storey building erected in 1942. This seems to have been a secret radar experimental station above the artillery school. The road put in to serve it now serves a car park on the approximate site of the station, which was demolished in 1956.
With the creation of Llandudno, the first route round the perimeter of the Great Orme was a footpath constructed in 1858 by Reginald Cust, a trustee of the Mostyn Estate. In 1872 the Great Ormes Head Marine Drive Co. Ltd. was formed to turn the path into a Victorian carriage road. But it went bankrupt before work was finished. A second company completed the road in 1878. The contractors for the scheme were Messrs Hughes, Morris, Davies, a consortium led by Richard Hughes of Madoc Street, Llandudno. The road was bought by Llandudno Urban District Council in 1897. The four-mile (six-kilometre) one-way toll road starts at the foot of the Happy Valley. After about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 km) a side road leads to St. Tudno's Church, the Bronze Age Copper Mines and to the Great Orme Summit complex with car park. The toll road ticket also pays for the parking at the Summit Complex. Marine Drive has been used as a stage on the Wales Rally GB in 1981, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018.
In 1902, the Great Orme Tramway was built to convey visitors to the top of the Great Orme. In 1969, the Llandudno Cable Car was also constructed to take visitors up to the summit attractions. These include a tourist shop, cafeteria, visitors' centre, play areas, a licensed hotel, and the vintage tram/cable-car stations.
On clear days Winter Hill, the Isle of Man and the Lake District can be seen from the summit of the Orme.
The Orme has one of only two artificial ski slopes in North Wales, complete with one of the longest toboggan runs in the United Kingdom.
Landscaped gardens in the Happy Valley and terraces in the Haulfre Garden cover the lower landward facing steeply sloping southern side. Walkways link the Haulfre Gardens with the western end of the Marine Drive.
On the northernmost point of the Orme is the former Llandudno lighthouse. It was constructed in 1862 by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company. The navigation aid remained in continuous use until 22 March 1985 when it was decommissioned. The building has now been converted into a small bed & breakfast guest house. The lantern and its optics are now on permanent display at the Summit Complex visitors' centre. The old established "Rest and be thankful" café is also nearby.
Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales. It borders Gwynedd to the west and south and Denbighshire to the east. The largest settlement is Colwyn Bay, and Conwy is the administrative centre.
Conwy has an area of 435 square miles (1,130 km2) and a population of 114,800, making it sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the coast, along which are several seaside resorts and the county's largest towns: Colwyn Bay (34,284), Llandudno (20,701), and Conwy (14,753). Inland is much less populous, and the only town is Llanrwst (3,323).
The geography of Conwy is shaped by the River Conwy, which forms a wide valley down the western half of the county, bordered by the Denbigh Moors to the east and the mountains of Snowdonia National Park to the west. The River Elwy, a tributary of the Clwyd, drains the eastern half of the moors. The Conwy forms a wide estuary as it reaches the coast, which has by wide, sandy beaches and the limestone headlands of the Great Orme and the Little Orme. The highest peak within the county is Carnedd Llewelyn, at 1,064 metres (3,491 ft), which is on the boundary with Gwynedd and is the third-highest summit in Wales. Around Betws-y-Coed is the Gwydir Forest, which is mainly given over to plantations. There are several reservoirs in the valleys, the largest of which is Llyn Brenig, which has an area of 3.7 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi) and extends into Denbighshire.
The River Conwy, after which the county borough is named, lies wholly within the area: rising in Snowdonia and flowing through Llanrwst and Trefriw en route to the Irish Sea by Conwy. The river here marks the border between the historic counties of Caernarfonshire and Denbighshire.
One third of the land area of the county borough lies in the Snowdonia National Park, and the council appoint three of the 18 members of the Snowdonia National Park Authority. Its total area is 1,126 km2 (435 sq mi), making it slightly larger than Hong Kong. The eastern part includes the larger section of Denbigh Moors.
The vast majority of the population live on the coast; the only settlement of any size inland is Llanrwst.
According to the 2001 census 39.7% of the population of the county borough have "one or more skills" in Welsh. In 2021 census 25.9% reported being able to speak Welsh, which ranks Conwy 5th out of 22 principal areas in Wales. The amount of Welsh spoken in the county borough greatly varies from location to location, with generally the least being spoken on the coastal fringe, in which English is mainly spoken.
The county borough was formed on 1 April 1996 by merging the districts of Aberconwy and Colwyn. It was originally named Aberconwy and Colwyn, but its council renamed the district a day later, on 2 April 1996, to Conwy.
Conwy is represented in the UK Parliament by Conservative Party politicians Robin Millar and David Jones, though the Clwyd West seat also includes part of southern Denbighshire. In the Senedd, it is represented by Conservative Party politicians Janet Finch-Saunders and Darren Millar.
Conwy County Borough Council was granted a coat of arms by the College of Arms in 2001. The new arms recall those of both Aberconwy and Colwyn Borough Councils. The main part of the shield depicts blue and silver waves for the river from which the county borough takes its name, and also recalls the gold and blue wavy field of Colwyn's arms. On top of the waves is placed a symbolic red tower, representing Conwy Castle. The chief or upper third of the shield is coloured green, the main colour in Aberconwy's arms. In the centre of the chief is a severed head from the heraldry of Marchudd ap Cynan, Lord of Abergele and Rhos. On either side are two black spears embrued, or having drops of blood on their points. These come from the reputed arms of Nefydd Hardd, associated with the Nant Conwy area. In front of each spear is a golden garb or wheatsheaf, for the rural areas of the county borough.
Above the shield, placed on the steel helm usual in British civic arms, is the crest. This takes the form of the Welsh red dragon supporting a Bible, rising from a wreath of oak leaves and acorns. The Bible is to commemorate the first Welsh language translation of the book, which originated in the area, while the oak circlet recalls that an oak tree formed the main charge in the arms of Colwyn Borough Council, and its predecessor the municipal borough of Colwyn Bay.
The motto adopted is Tegwch i Bawb, meaning "Fairness to All".
The Conwy Valley Line, from Llandudno Junction to Blaenau Ffestiniog, runs through the borough.
Met 3FM Serious Request 2015 zetten we ons dit jaar in voor kinderen en jongeren in oorlogs- en conflictgebieden: deze generatie leeft onder de meest extreme omstandigheden en heeft daardoor weinig kans op scholing en ontwikkeling. Zij zijn de stille slachtoffers van de oorlog. Voor meer info, check: www.3fm.nl/seriousrequest
Starting in 1676 on request of the Sun King's war minister, the church of Saint-Louis was added as an annex to the complex. Église Saint-Louis is truly one of a kind. When entering this church, visitors say it is unlike any other church in Paris. In contrast to many of the Gothic churches in Paris, the Saint-Louis church is very light and the much of the interior consists of white shining marble.
It was built by Jules Hardouin Mansart after the design by Libéral Bruant, the architect of the Hôtel des Invalides. The church, then known as the pensioners' Choir but later referred to as the Soldiers' church was opened for the soldiers in 1679. They were required to attend the daily mass here.
Request from a friend to take her photo and play around with it. Gone for the deco art look. All comments welcome.
All photos by Sara Bowrey (full res available on request)
CAMP BESTIVAL 2013
Camp Bestival has its niche firmly carved out as the premier child-friendly but musically-credible event on the summer calendar, the festival in Dorset has also managed to retain a boutique ambience whilst having a capacity of some 30,000. That said, when it feels like over half of your crowd are in the five to ten age-bracket, maybe you can squeeze a lot more little bodies into the available space.
And it’s a fact that there are children everywhere. Children in pushchairs, children in custom-pimped trollies, children up flagpoles, children weighed down by stacks of 10p deposit pint cups. There are kids crammed against the fence around the jousting arena, kids making clay models and kids sprouting tails. There’s youngsters learning to dance, being entertained by the blue coats and hanging upside-down from the giant Hi De Hi letters on the hill above the Big Top.
Indeed it almost seems to have been an entry-requirement that you brought a toddler or pre-teen with you to get through the gates.
There were still some people without young families in tow this year – but they were in a considerable minority. Fundamentally, Camp Bestival takes the concept of a festival kids’ zone to the limits and still doesn't leave the ‘adult entertainment’ as an afterthought.
...full review at www.virtualfestivals.com/latest/news/14161
black rock city, nevada
burning man 2002
part of an archival project, documenting the work of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
Photography by Mick van Herk.
Watch te movie via www.lost-years.com
It’s December 2008. Only a few short months before, I had awakened from my long-lasting, first psychosis. I have just received a response to my request for the film academy to allow to graduate. Unfortunately, the current – and next – fourth year courses are fully booked, so there is no place for me (any more). When I was forced to terminate my studies at the Netherlands Film and Television Academy in 2006 (direction – fiction), they had expressed hope I would seek help. I refused for years, convinced that others were responsible for what was happening to me. Now I was receiving treatment from professionals at the Parnassia institute in The Hague, but it seemed like my career as a film-maker was doomed to failure.
Just before Christmas, my psychiatrist Wim Veling makes a proposal. The Parnasia First Pyschosis Centre was going to organise a national study day in May 2009. He suggests I might make a short documentary about having a first psychosis for the study day. I decide to discuss the proposal with my brother Robert, who graduated from the film academy with a degree in production. Why not use my own story for the documentary? The idea for the film ‘Lost Years’ was born. Production company JensenFrisbee was enthusiastic about producing the film.
Wim Veling and my social psychiatric nurse, Gertjan Meewis, were on board with the idea, and in the following months we started looking for funding. With an initial budget of 40,000 euros, that was going to take some time, so we gave up on trying to show the film during the study day. At the same time, I started writing a movie script. The basis for the screenplay was a letter I had sent my parents, telling them what I thought had happened to me in the past years.
In the late summer of 2009, we had only managed to raise half the necessary funds. At the time, we had the support of Stroom Den Haag, the Nuts Ohra Fund and Koningsheide Foundation. Five versions of the screenplay have been written. I want to create an authentic document of how I experienced my psychosis. This proved more difficult than expected. Additionally, the screenplay has grown from twenty to about fifty pages. Then we get some good news. Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca is willing to finance the other half of the film. AstraZeneca also wants to show the film during the Netherlands Psychiatry Association’s spring conference on 14 April 2010.
Robert and I are happy, but – based on the version of the screenplay we have then – also a little worried. The project has grown from a simple docu-drama into a one-hour movie. We wonder if we shouldn’t look for additional financing first, a realistic option given the script. Shouldn’t we expand the project, turning it into a full-fledged 90 minute movie, and obtain proper funding? Because we are so enthusiastic about the project, we decide to go for it. We attempt to find additional funding, without any luck. I also make a final attempt at graduating from the film academy. Unfortunately, my idea to use the existing movie script and obtained funding to create a thesis film is not embraced by all.
Preproduction starts in late 2009. We have a movie script that is now seventy pages long, a forty thousand euro budget and a deadline on 14 April 2010. It turns into a guerrilla project, dependent on the goodwill of a large number of people. In subsequent months we assemble a fully-fledged crew, willing to work for peanuts, and a cast largely willing to act in return for a 10 euro expense fee.
After eight days of shooting, creating enough material for a 90 minute movie, three weeks of editing, and two and a half weeks of sound design, a 65 minute film is completed in early April 2010. On 14 April, ‘Lost Years’ premiered. From 15 April, it is available to view for free via www.lost-years.com.