properly photos on Flickr

Queen Elizabeth makes her progress by One lucky guy

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Properly mounted, not trodding in the dust like some peasant!

Pump Room. Leamington Spa by Amanda Slater

Leamington Spa, properly Royal Leamington Spa, commonly Leamington or "Leam" to locals, is a spa town in central Warwickshire, England.

Until the beginning of the 1800s, Leamington was a village named Leamington Priors.

In 1814 the Royal Pump Rooms and Baths were opened close to the River Leam. This grand structure attracted many visitors, hoping to soothe various aches, pains and ailments by bathing in pools filled with the salty spa water. It also included the world's first gravity fed piped hot water system in modern times, which was designed and installed by the engineer William Murdoch. Leamington soon became a popular spa resort which attracted the wealthy and famous, and construction began of numerous Georgian townhouses to accommodate visitors.

Leamington's reputation soon spread. The town gained its "Royal" prefix in 1838, granted by Queen Victoria, who visited the town as a Princess in 1830 and as Queen in 1858, and whose statue still stands in the town.

Exeter Cathedral by jim_2wilson

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Exeter Cathedral, properly known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Exeter, is an Anglican cathedral, and the seat of the Bishop of Exeter. The present building was complete by about 1400 and has several notable features, including an early set of misericords, an astronomical clock and the longest uninterrupted medieval stone vaulted ceiling in the world.

The site where Exeter Cathedral was constructed was home to Roman buildings. A legionary fortress was constructed between 50 & 75 AD and a Roman bathhouse was discovered in 1971. The founding of the cathedral at Exeter, dedicated to Saint Peter, dates from 1050.

A misericord (sometimes named mercy seat) is a small wooden structure or sculpture formed on the underside of a folding seat in a church which, when the seat is folded up, is intended to act as a shelf to support a person in a partially standing position during long periods of prayer. Despite being located in churches, it was not considered appropriate for these sculptures to portray religious motifs, as people rested their buttocks against them. As such, misericords portrayed a wide range of subjects from secular life and folklore unrelated to the Bible.

4th Regiment, Advanced Camp CBRN by U.S. Army Cadet Command (Army ROTC)

Cadets learn how to properly put on their gas masks before they go through the gas chamber during the CBRN exercise, June 11, Fort Knox, Ky. | Photo by Catrina Dubiansky, Public Affairs Office

365/167 Basket case by Nicole'

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An infirm or failing person or thing - unable to properly function.

Originally this referred to soldiers who had lost arms and legs and had to be carried by others.

Properly sitting by Ms. Tammy Redfield

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A lady must alway sit properly

BT CT22A Trial Blue Payphone - I8100331 by Chris Boyce

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This is an example of the first properly "modern" payphone in the UK. They were the first to replace the old "Pay On Answer"/"pips"rotary dial phones that had been in service for some twenty years.

BT introduced the Blue Payphone in 1980, installing a trial batch of Swiss made Autelca AG AZ33 phones, which BT called the CT22A. The trial phones were put in high usage locations, such as airports and main railway stations.

The trial was deemed successful and soon these went into production for several years in a slightly updated version made in the UK by AGITELCO, the CT22B. The trial CT22As had LED credit readout and white on blue instructions (from which the name Blue Payphone was derived, its said) whereas the production CT22Bs had an LCD credit readout and blue on silver (bare stainless steel) instructions.

As a student I first encountered one of these on Waterloo station, a typical trial site, some time in 1980 or 81.

This particular example, serial number 207, reportedly spent its service life in York station. It still carries its original, and possibly only, number label. It was taken out of service in 1985 or 6 and saved by a collector who ran it up once or twice and then stored it... until now.

It has clearly been repaired several times, only one of the three coin mechanisms has the same serial number as the phone. It is more or less complete but needs work on the locks - only one is present and that doesn't have a key - and the coin tray is missing. It is fully operational, though it cannot currently be put on a wall as the bolts that hold the phone to its backplate are missing. That, though, should be fixed soon.

They were slow and clunky: literally. They had a painfully slow Intel 4040 microprocessor which clocked at a maximum of 750kHz at which it processed a whopping 62,000 instructions per second. You had to wait a couple of seconds after lifting the receiver while it chuntered through the three coin mechanisms resetting them one by one before it would allow you to put in 8p, in four 2p coins, before you could dial. While it had a keypad it was actually pulse dialling, so it took a while after you had dialled to actually connect a call. The later Blue Payphone 2/payphone 500/600 was half and half: pulse to dial, then switching to tone during the call!

One advantage of the new technology, one that I remember featured heavily in BT's advertising of the time, was that this was the first payphone to give change. Well, it sort of did. It actually returned coins that you hadn't used. Woe betide anyone that put in a single 50p for a 8p local call expecting to get 42p change - that 50p was gone! That's where the Follow On Call button came in: to use up credit left from a previous call.

I am not sure how many CT22As were made. BT ordered an initial trial batch of 100. This is serial number 207, made in Switzerland on 24th September 1980, so the first batch was not the only one. Some of the replacements, possibly field spares or maybe taken from other phones, have serial numbers around 380-394. CT22A number 390 has also been preserved, though not by me. It was sold off as part of a BT Museum liquidation auction in 2002. There can not be many of these still around, though to be fair they were built like tanks, and weigh almost as much (36.5kg, and that's empty of coins!) so, who knows?

All Saints, Birling, Kent by Jelltex

A short drive from Aylesford is Birling, a small but attractive village, stretched out along a winding street, and dominated by the church on a rise. The road winds round it then out of the village.

I was past the church and out of the village again before I knew it.

I found a place to park and walked to the church, hopeful it might be open.

It was not.

But details of the keyholder said they lived opposite, so I knocked and was presented with the large key from a rusty nail on the wall. I thought you were selling something she said.

I walk back through the lych gate, up the steps and turn the key in the lock. Turning the handle, I push and the door swung open, revealing the church to be dark. But there were light, I flicked them on.

-------------------------------------------------

Dominating the centre of this tiny village, Birling tower is a thinned down version of the familiar `beacon turret` so commonly found in Kent. Thinned down because there wasn't room for a properly proportioned structure, so close is it built to the end of the escarpment on which the church stands. The church is famed for two features, both connected with the Nevill family. The first is the cast-iron trapdoor the their burial vault in the chancel, resplendent with highly coloured bulls (the family emblem) and the family motto. The second is the font cover, carved by daughters of the family in the nineteenth century. Each section is initialled on the inside so that you can see who carved it. West tower, south aisle, nave, north aisle, chancel.

The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, is a handsome building, consisting of a nave, south isle, and chancel. It has a good tower at the west end of it.

The church of Birling, with certain land in this parish, was given by Walkelin de Maminot, lord of this place, in the 15th year of king Henry II. anno 1168, to the priory of Bermondsey, in perpetual alms; which gift was confirmed by that king. Soon after which it seems to have been confirmed and appropri ated to it by Walter, bishop of Rochester, at the king's request; and again more amply by the bishops Gualeran and Gilbert, his successor; and again by the Says, as heirs to the Maminots; and by Geoffry de Say, who married Alice, sister and coheir of Wakelin Maminot. The prior and convent of Rochester, in 1270, John, prior of, and the convent of St. Saviour, Bermondsey, acknowledged an annual pension of 20s. due from this church to the bishop of Rochester, which pension continues to be paid to the bishops of that see.

Upon a writ in the 20th year of king Edward III. the bishop certified, that the prior and convent possessed the appropriation of this church, which was taxed at ten pounds, and that the religious were not resident upon it. (fn. 14)

Richard Mann, perpetual vicar of this church, about the year 1447, anno 26 Henry VI. made complaint to the archbishop of Canterbury, of the insufficiency of the revenue of the vicarage for his maintenance, and that the prior and convent of Bermondsey, proprietaries of this church, refused to augment the portion of it; and he set forth that the produce and income belonging to the vicar and vicarage, did not exceed the annual value or sum of 4l. 15s. 8d. in the tithes of calves, milk, and foals 8s. 9d. yearly; in the tithes of lambs, wool, pigs, geese, apples, hemp, and in the tithes of the oblations of the four days yearly; and for sheep and cows forty one shillings and twelve-pence, in the pension paid to the vicar by the abbot and convent forty-four shillings and tenpence. And further, that the portion of the vicar and vicarage had been for some time, and was then insufficient, incompetent, and too slender; and that he could not, out of it, be supported in a proper manner, nor undergo the rights and burthens incumbent on him, or his vicarage, nor use that hospitality which he ought and was bound to do. That the parish church had a large and extended parish, containing six miles in circuit, having some of the parishioners of both sexes two miles or thereabout distant from the church, which, when there was occasion, he was bound to visit, and to administer to them the church offices and sacraments. That the mansion of the vicar there, and the buildings belonging to it, were, through the negligence of the abbot and convent, in a ruinous state, and would very soon, fall to the ground; which if they should they could not be rebuilt again for twenty pounds. That he the vicar had exercised the no small cure of fouls of the parish church, of one hundred parishioners, or thereabouts, although with great inconvenience, and in great misery and want during the whole time of his having been vicar, and had employed himself in every religious duty to the best of his abilities, and still continued so to do. That the portion of the fruits and profits of the parish church, belonging to the abbot and convent, proprietaries of it, had been from the time of the appropriation of it, and was then so rich and abundant, that, according to common estimation, the portion of the vicar might well be augmented out of it to the value of twenty marcs sterling, or thereabout; and that the abbot and convent, although they had been often requested, to augment the portion of the vicarage, out of the revenues of the church, in a competent manner, had, without alledging any reason, always refused it, or at least deferred it beyond reason, to the great damage, &c. Upon which it was decreed, that the prior and convent should augment the portion of the vicarage out of the fruits and profits of this church, or in money, to the amount of eight marcs sterling, beyond the antient portion of it, within the space of one month; and they were condemned in all costs, &c. but on their neglecting to obey this decree, a further one was made, that in satisfaction of the payment of the said eight marcs, there should be set apart and assigned to the vicar, and his successors, (at his request) the tithes, as well great as small, yearly accruing and arising from the lands, fields, and places below the lane, vulgarly called Benetis-lane, westward, and from the north side of the said lane, according to the bounds and limits of this parish, to those of the parish of Snodland on the north side, and from thence to the bounds and limits of the parish of East Malling on the east side, to the common pasture of Hordo, and from thence to the south end of Benetis-lane aforesaid, &c.

¶When the church of Birling, and the advowson of the vicarage passed from the above mentioned monastery, I have not found, but it appears by an inrolment made in chancery, and now in the Augmentation-office, that in the 13th year of king Henry VIII. George Nevill, lord Abergavenny, was possessed of a barn, and one hundred and fifty acres of land late belonging to that monastery, and then inclosed in the park of Birling, and also of the rectory of Birling, and all tithes, tenths, &c. belonging to it, and the advowson of the vicarage late belonging to the abbot and convent. Since which, they have descended down to the Right Hon. Henry, earl of Abergavenny, the present owner and patron of them.

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol4/pp474-488

LOCATION: At c. 110 feet above O.D. on a Folkestone beds knoll at the north end of the village. Birling Place lies ¾ mile to the north-west.

DESCRIPTION: A church is mentioned in Domesday Book (1086), and it is probable that the nave of the present church, without its aisles, is Norman. The only evidence for this, however, is one tufa block on the south-west corner of the nave, and some detached (?reused) tufa blocks in the west face of the south-west buttress to the south aisle.

In the early 14th century first one aisle, then the other, was rebuilt with finely-tooled octagonal arcade piers of Kentish Ragstone. Above them are moulded capitals (slightly different south and north) with pointed arches over with double hollow chamfers. There are four bays of arcading, but the arches are not exactly regularly spaced, and the centre pier on the north is more elongated east-west, with an indication that there might have been a narrow partition on its north and south sides. There is also a slight scar opposite in the north wall. The south side has a separate gabled roof (of plain rafters, collars, braces and unmoulded tie-beams), and this is also perhaps 14th century. The aisle wall has three buttresses on the south, and at its east end (possibly the chapel of St. James) is a double trefoiled window. There is another in the south wall at the east end, with piscina just east of it. All the other windows in the south aisle are single trefoiled lights. The south doorway is also contemporary and has a hoodmould over its 2-centred arch. The door and hinges may also be original. Outside the door was a porch, but this was removed in the mid-19th century.

The north aisle outer wall has a more complicated history. At its east end, which may have been the Lady Chapel, two 2-light 15th century windows (on the north and east) seem to have been inserted into the 14th century fabric. There is also a high lancet over the east window, and a small blocked doorway (visible outside) in the north-east corner. A long thin pilaster buttress on the outside of the north wall, which slopes back into the wall, may have related to a later 15th century Rood stair. The west end of the aisle, which has an external plinth seems certainly to have been rebuilt in the late 15th or early 16th century, though the 2-light north window here appears to be a reset 14th century one. The north doorway has pyramid stops, and an early 14th century single-light trefoil-headed window above. It now leads into a 19th century vestry. There is also perhaps an original door here. The roof over the aisle has moulded beams and wall-plates, and a partitioned off vestry at its west end. Also the ground level in this aisle appears to have been lowered.

The west tower is a fine early 15th century ‘Kentish’ tower with a crenellated parapet and pyramid roof. It contains 8 bells (three of 1631) set in a new (1987) iron frame. It has also had many of its find Kentish ragstone dressings restored (also in 1986-7) with many new stones. This has been an over-zealous restoration. On the south-east side of the tower is a semi-octagonal stair-turret, which rises above the tower-top, and has its own tiled octagonal roof. The tower has diagonal western buttresses, and a square-headed western doorway with pyramid stops (all the dressings of this doorway, and the tracery of the Perpendicular windows above have recently - 1987 - been restored). Under the tower arch was a gallery until 1866.

As has already been seen, the west end of the north aisle was probably rebuilt in the later 15th century (there are a few red-bricks in the walls), and at the east end of this aisle a north and a south window seems to have been inserted, as well as possibly a Rood-stair. There is also a 15th century Ragstone font (with 1853 cover).

There is no chancel arch, and a large wide early 16th century chancel. This chancel must have been completely rebuilt in the 1520s by the Nevill family after they had acquired the patronage of the church from Bermondsey Abbey. On the south side are four square-headed early Tudor 2-light windows, and only the western one has Perpendicular tracery. The wall is in quasi-checker work, and has a hollow-chamfered plinth, which also goes round a diagonal (south-east) buttress and along the east wall. Here there is a large six-light window (also without tracery and perhaps with original ferromenta) that Hasted says contained glass with the arms of Sir George Nevill, Lord Bergavenney, ‘within the garter’ (He was a knight of the garter from 1514, and was buried here in 1535). There is also a small round-headed window in the east gable, with red bricks around it, but the wall and window had to be repaired after 1942 bomb damage. The very plain north wall of the chancel contains large Rag and ironstone blocks in quasi-checker pattern. It has no plinth and only one window (at the extreme western end), but also a north doorway from it into a 19th century vestry. Was there an earlier larger vestry?

The chancel has a moulded flat ceiling (painted in 1963), and the earlier steep-pitched roof was replaced in c.1828 with a low-pitched slate covered roof. At about the same time the Nevill family burial vault was rebuilt under the eastern third of the chancel. It has a cast-iron cover to the entry steps, and there are two early 19th century niches on either side of the sanctuary, with air-vents to the vault beneath. The family pews in the chancel, and the other fittings and memorials were put there in the mid-19th century. (Two fire helms from the chancel are now in ‘safekeeping’).

BUILDING MATERIALS: c.):

The principle rubble materials are local Ragstone and ironstone, with Ragstone dressings. A few perhaps reused tufa blocks from the early church are in the west wall, and some red brick is used in the early 16th century work.

Some Caenstone (?for restoration) and cement repairs.

EXCEPTIONAL MONUMENTS IN CHURCH: -

Various 19th century Nevill monuments in the church, especially in the chancel (with early 19th century burial vault below it). Royal Arms of 1700 above south doorway.

CHURCHYARD AND ENVIRONS:

Size & Shape: Large irregular area around the church with a steep drop to the north, west and south. It has been much extended to the north- east. There is a very good plan of the whole churchyard (with all known graves surveyed on it) hanging in the Church. Enlarged in the 19th century from small graveyard around the church. Very steep slope on the east side, down to the road (Horn Street)

Condition: Good.

Boundary walls: Ragstone walls retaining sunken lanes on north and west

Building in churchyard or on boundary: 1987 Lychgate to the south-west.

Exceptional monuments: Some good headstones.

Ecological potential: Yes.

HISTORICAL RECORD (where known):

Earliest ref. to church: Domesday Book.

Late med. status: Vicarage.

Patron: Given by the Lord of Birling manor to Bermondsey Abbey in 1168. It was appropriated soon afterwards. After the Dissolution (by c.1530) to Lord Abergavenny (Nevill formerly) till 1959.

Other documentary sources: Hasted IV (1798), 485 - 8.

Testamenta Cantiana (W.Kent, 1906), 5, mentions: Repair to one window on the south side of the church (1501). Also altars of ‘Our Lady in the chapel’ (1516) and ‘To be buried by side of Chaunsell of Birlyng at the hede of Saynt James aulter’ 1523).

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD:

Reused materials: A few reused Roman bricks, and tufa blocks in S.W. corner of south aisle.

SURVIVAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS:

Inside present church: ? Good, though there is a large vault under the chancel, and the floor level of the north aisle appears to have been lowered.

Outside present church: ? Good.

RECENT DISTURBANCES/ALTERATIONS:

To structure: The tower was very heavily restored with many new dressings, and a new iron bellframe on a reinforced concrete ringbeam in 1986-7.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT:

The church and churchyard: A few tufa blocks perhaps from the Norman nave west quoins, but otherwise the earliest visible fabric are the 14th century nave aisles and arcades. Early 15th century west tower. West end of north aisle rebuilt in c. 1500, and possibly a Rood stair made on the north side. Chancel completely rebuilt in the 1520s by the Nevill family.

The wider context: One of a small group with a rebuilt (by an important patron) early 16th century chancel.

REFERENCES: -

Guide Book: Leaflet (Revised) 1989 Anon.

Photographs: Photo of font and font cover in Kent Churches 1954, 127 (cover made 1853).

Plans & early drawings: Petrie 1807 view of church from S.E., showing steep-pitched roof over chancel. Also a porch on the south side of the church.

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/01/03/BIG.htm

pink flamingos 8 1 21 by Michelle Ress

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“Properly read, the Bible is the most potent force for atheism ever conceived.”

― Isaac Asimov

Battle of Gangut War memorials 1714 by INNES

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Now, let me go away and check my history so I can write this up properly............. But to the right you see a Russian memorial to the battle of Gangut back in 1714 when Russia owned what was to become Finland a couple of hundred years later and to the left is the memorial erected by the Finnish to commemorate it from a more Swedish perspective (I think) .

The battle of Gangut (also known as Hangö or Bengstörfjärd) was a significant Russian naval victory during the Great Northern War, won by the Russian galley fleet. Over the previous decade Peter the Great had conquered most of Sweden’s Baltic provinces and begin the construction of St. Petersburg. He had also begun to construct a deep water sailing fleet. In May 1714 both the sailing fleet and the galley fleet had sailed into the Gulf of Finland. The sailing fleet had then sailed south to Reval, while the galley fleet had gone to Helsingfors.

From Helsingfors the galley fleet, under the command of F. M. Apraksin, moved west along the Finnish coast towards Åbo, then an important base for the Russian army in Finland.

A Swedish fleet, commanded by Admiral Wattrang, had also entered the Gulf of Finland in May. He had sixteen battleships and a number of smaller ships, including galleys. On 10 July the Swedish fleet was off the Hangö peninsula on the Finnish coast when the Russian galley fleet approached from the east. Faced with the superior firepower of the Swedish fleet Apraksin withdrew east to Tvärminne, at the south east corner of the peninsula. From there he called for help from the Tsar.

Peter was not ready to risk a full scale battle with his new fleet. Instead he left the bulk of the fleet at Reval and travelled to Tvärminne, arriving on 31 July. Once there he decided move his galleys across the narrow isthmus at the base of the peninsula. The attempt failed – one galley did reach the west coast of the peninsula, but a second was destroyed and the effort was abandoned.

News of the Russian plan had reached the Swedes. Wattrang dispatched a small squadron under Schoutbynacht Ehrensköld to attack any Russian galleys that successfully crossed the isthmus. He reached Bengstörfjärd, the intended Russian destination, on 4 August.

On the same day Wattrang made an attempt to attack the Russian galleys at Tvärminne. As part of the Swedish fleet moved inshore, twenty of the Russian galleys made an attempt to slip past the Swedes. This failed, but the next morning the wind fell, virtually immobilising the Swedish sailing ships. During the day 34 Russian galleys sailed around the outside of the Swedish fleet. Wattrang responded by moving his fleet further away from the shore, expecting the Russians to attempt the same manoeuvre again. Instead, between 5 and 7 a.m. on the morning of 6 August, the bulk of the Russian fleet, some sixty galleys, slipped between the Swedes and the shore.

Ehrensköld was now in real danger. He had one 18 gun pram (a shallow drafted flat bottomed boat ideal for use in the shallow waters of the Baltic), six galleys and two smaller boats. On the morning of 5 August, realising that the Russians were no longer attempting to cross over the peninsula, Ehrensköld attempted to report back to Wattrang. To his shock he was intercepted by a force of at least thirty Russian galleys and was forced to return to his squadron.

Once back with the squadron Ehrensköld prepared for battle. He took up position in the narrow channel of Bengstörfjärd. The Elefant, his pram, was in the centre of the line, with three galleys on each side and the two boats at the bow and stern of the Elefant. Peter the Great and Apraksin had no choice but to order a frontal assault.

His first attack came at around 2 p.m. on 6 August. This involved the 35 galleys of his first division, and was beaten off by the Swedes. He made a second attack with his second and third divisions, 80 galleys, but this too was defeated. Finally, Apraksin launched an attack with all 95 surviving galleys. This time he attacked the galleys on the Swedish flank. The galleys were gradually overwhelmed, surrounded and boarded. The Elefant was soon isolated. Surrounded, she was boarded from all sides and her crew overwhelmed. By five in the evening the battle was over.

Their victory at Gangut allowed the Russian galley fleet to support the Russian army in Finland. The Swedish mainland also suffered a series of Russian raids over the next few years. Although the Swedish battle fleet was still intact, it was withdrawn from the Gulf of Finland in the aftermath of the defeat at Gangut.

It wasn't until 1917 that Finland became an independent nation and took control of it's own lands from Russia. Finland will only have been a nation for 100 years in 2017.

The battle is described in Wikipedia here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gangut

Properly Contrasted Assam by Stuart Rankin

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Assam with sufficient and proper contrast to make out her facial features.

How to use a knife properly 101 (47/365) VIEW LARGE by eternal_exemption

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Yes, children should be allowed to use knives. Humans have been allowed to use sharp objects since the beginning of our evolution. Human children have amazing coordination if you believe in them and do not instill FEAR at a young age.

It sounds to me like most of the mother's that have posted threads about this subject have a serious fear of knives themselves. It always amazes me how little faith we have in our children's abilities. The more you tell your child that THEY CAN'T or that YOU'LL CUT YOURSELF the more likely they are to believe you. Children live up to your expectations. If you tell a child something they'll believe it. Instill doubt, fear and lack of ability at a young age and your child will believe you. Your child will always be afraid, just as you've always been afraid.

The child in this picture is my son Cyan. He's been using a knife since he was three years old. He was of course started on a small pearing knife and then moved to a larger chef knife. He has NEVER cut himself. He has always been supervised by a responsible adult and been carefully trained how to use a knife properly. This is a life skill that EVERYONE should know. No one has ever advocated that you should give a young child a knife with no training and walk away. NEVER! Seriously.

Humans have a strong self preservation instinct if you don't over-ride it with your own deep seeded fears. I assure you that your child is NOT suicidal, they don't want to hurt themselves. It just doesn't make any sense. If human children were suicidal we would have died off a long time ago.

Look at any tribe in the world and you'll see kids that are barely walking using knifes, bows and arrows, climbing trees, swimming in rivers etc. They have fewer accidents than kids in America because everyone around them has faith in their ability to preserve themselves.

Be afraid and your child will be afraid!

Trust in your children and they will conquer the world!

Bedroom by Homesearch Singla

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For a bed to function properly and allow you to set your spawn point, the following criteria must be met:

The bed must have enough space. The room doesn't have to be any specific shape but the area of the room (including the walls, ceiling and floor) must equal 60 tiles or more.

The background walls can not be a naturally-occurring wall. This includes dirt, mud and the background walls in Chasms and the Dungeon.

Player-placed dirt walls will work.

Wood platforms can be used as the room's floor or ceiling.

A bed may be placed in a non-rectangular room, as long as the leftmost 3 blocks immediately above it are left clear. For instance, you may have a bed (2x4) surrounded by walls on the left, right and bottom sides, and the foot of the bed have one block on top of it, and as long as there is space for the player to spawn at the bed (3 high), the bed can be set as a spawn point. See the ASCII image below.

Must have a door as well.

CONTACT:

VINAY ARORA

+91-9216099224

2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #27 by dominotic

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The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

Exeter Cathedral - Memorial to The 2nd Battalion 11th (North Devon) Regiment Afghan Campaign 1880-81 by Kimhaz - Here and There

3

Exeter Cathedral, properly known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Exeter, is an Anglican cathedral, and the seat of the Bishop of Exeter, in the city of Exeter, Devon, in South West England. The present building was complete by about 1400, and has several notable features, including an early set of misericords, an astronomical clock and the longest uninterrupted vaulted ceiling in England.

The founding of the cathedral at Exeter, dedicated to Saint Peter, dates from 1050, when the seat of the bishop of Devon and Cornwall was transferred from Crediton because of a fear of sea-raids. A Saxon minster already existing within the town (and dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Peter) was used by Leofric as his seat, but services were often held out of doors, close to the site of the present cathedral building.

In 1107 William Warelwast was appointed to the see, and this was the catalyst for the building of a new cathedral in the Norman style. Its official foundation was in 1133, during Warelwast's time, but it took many more years to complete. Following the appointment of Walter Bronescombe as bishop in 1258, the building was already recognised as outmoded, and it was rebuilt in the Decorated Gothic style, following the example of Salisbury. However, much of the Norman building was kept, including the two massive square towers and part of the walls. It was constructed entirely of local stone, including Purbeck Marble. The new cathedral was complete by about 1400, apart from the addition of the chapter house and chantry chapels.

During the Second World War, Exeter was one of the targets of a German air offensive against British cities of cultural and historical importance, which became known as the "Baedeker Blitz". On 4 May 1942 an early-morning air raid took place over Exeter. The cathedral sustained a direct hit by a large high-explosive bomb on the chapel of St James, completely demolishing it. The muniment room above, three bays of the aisle and two flying buttresses were also destroyed in the blast. The medieval wooden screen opposite the chapel was smashed into many pieces by the blast, but it has been reconstructed and restored. Many of the cathedral's most important artefacts, such as the ancient glass (including the great east window), the misericords, the bishop's throne, the Exeter Book, the ancient charters (of King Athelstan and Edward the Confessor) and other precious documents from the library had been removed in anticipation of such an attack. The precious effigy of Walter Branscombe had been protected by sand bags. Subsequent repairs and the clearance of the area around the western end of the building uncovered portions of earlier structures, including remains of the Roman city and of the original Norman cathedral. Wikipedia

News and views about the science popularisation by Dr. Mihir ku Panda by Dr Mihir kumar Panda PhD DLitt Innovator

About Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, Ph.D,D.Litt,, innovator

World’s only achiever of large number of World Record for 10,000 Teaching Aids & innovations

Founder & Co-ordinator General, ‘SROSTI’ (Social Development research Organisation for Science, technology & Implementation)

Collaborator Vijnana Bana Ashram

Bahanaga, Baleshwar, Odisha, India-756042

Website : simpleinnovationproject.com

E-Mail- : mihirpandasrosti@gmail.com

Face Book link:https://www.facebook.com/mihirpandasrosti

WIKIMAPIA

wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=-6.174348&lon=106.8293...

Contact No. : +91 7008406650

Whatsapp: +91 9438354515

Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda, an Educational, Societal and Scientific Innovator has established an NGO 'SROSTI' at Bahanaga, Balasore,Odisha,India

Dr. panda has innovated/invented more than 10,000 (ten thousand) teaching aids and different innovations and he has more than 30,000 (Thirty thousand) ideas to make scientific and mathematical models.

His creations are very essential guide for school and college science exhibitions, innovative learning and play way method for the teachers and students, science activists, innovators, craftsmen, farmers, masons, physically challenged persons, common men, entrepreneurs and industrialists.

He is popularizing science through song, innovative demonstrations and motivational speech since 1990 in different parts of Odisha state without taking any fees.

Dr. Panda is an extreme motivational speaker in science and possess magical scientific demonstration and a crowd puller.

Innovator Mihir Kumar Panda loves nature and in his agricultural farm he does not uses the chemicals , fertilizers and pesticides. In his farm even the smallest creatures like snakes, caterpillar, white ants, worms ,vermies are in peace and are managed successfully not to do harm.

Dr. Panda is an Educationist, an environmentalist, a poet for science popularization, a good orator, a best resource person to train others in specific field of science and engineering.

The uniqueness of Simple Innovation and scientific activities and achievements ofDr. Panda can not be assessed without visiting his laboratory which is a living wonder in the realm of science.

From a small cake cutter to mechanical scissor, from a play pump to rickshaw operated food grain spreader and from a village refrigerator to a multi-purpose machine, thousands of such inventions and innovations are proof of Dr. Panda's brilliance.

From a tube well operated washing machine to weight sensitive food grain separator, from a password protected wardrobe to automatic screen, from a Dual face fan to electricity producing fan are example of few thousands of innovations and inventions of Mihir Kumar Panda.

Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda though bestowed to a popular name as Einstein of Odisha is obliviously treated as Thomas Alva Edison of India.

Dr. Panda's residential house also resembles a museum with scientific innovations of different shapes and sizes stacked in every nook and cranny which proves his scientific involvement in personal life.

Innovator Panda believes that , the best thing a child can do with a toy to break it. he also believes that by Educating child in his/her choice subject/ passion a progressive nation can be built.

The shelf made scientist Dr. Panda believes that Education is a life long process whose scope is far greater than school curriculum. The moulding of models/ innovations done by hand always better than the things heard and the facts incorporated in the books.

With no agricultural background, Dr. Panda has developed unique natural bonsai in his Vijnana Bana Ashram which also shows path for earning just by uprooting and nurturing the plants which are found to be small and thumb in nature.

Dr. Panda's Scientific Endeavour and research is no doubt praise worthy. One cannot but believe his dedicated effort in simple innovation laboratory.

Social service, innovation/ inventions, writing, free technology to students for preparation of science exhibition projects, free technology to common men for their sustainability, preparation of big natural bonsai, technology for entrepreneurs and industrialists for innovative item are few works of Mihir Kumar Panda after his Government service.

. To overcome the difficulties of science and math, explanation in classes, innovator Panda has created few thousands of educational, societal and scientific innovations which helps teachers and students of the country and abroad.

Dr. Panda believes that though inventions/innovation has reached under thousands and thousands deep in the sea and high up in the space. It has reached on moon and mars, but unfortunately the sustainable inventions/innovation has not properly gone to the tiny tots and common people.

Dr. Panda is amazing and wizard of innovations and works with a principle the real scientist is he, who sees the things simply and works high.

Dr.Mihir Kumar Panda's work can be explained in short

Sports with Science from Dawn to Dusk

Struggle some life- science in words and action

Triumphs of Science - Science at foot path

Hilarious dream in midst scarcity

A life of innovator de-avoided of Advertisement.

FELICITATIONS, AWARDS, HONOURS & RECORDS

* 200+ Felicitation and Awards from different NGOs, Schools & Colleges within the State of Odisha and National level.

* 10 Nos Gold, Silver & Bronze medal from different National & International level.

*Awarded for 10,000 innovations & 30,000 ideas by Indian Science Congress Association, Govt. of India.

* Honorary Ph.D From Nelson Mandela University, United States of America

* Honorary Ph.D From Global Peace University, United States of America& India

* Honorary D.Litt From Global Peace University, United States of America& India

* Title ‘Einstein of Odisha’ by Assam Book of Records, Assam

* Title ‘Thomas Alva Edison of India’ by Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai

* Title ‘ Einstein of Odisha & Thomas Alva Edison of India’ from Bengal Book of World record.

*World Record from OMG Book of Records

*World Record from Assam Book of Records,

* World Record from World Genius Records, Nigeria

* World Record from BengalBook of Records

* National Record from Diamond Book of Records

* World Record from Asian World Records

* World Record from Champians Book of World Records

* World Record from The British World Records

* World Record from Gems Book of World Records

* World Record from India Star World Record

* World Record from Geniuses World Records

* World Record from Royal Success International Book of Records

*World Record from Supreme World Records

* World Record from Uttarpradesh World Records

*World Record from Exclusive World Records

*World Record from international Book of Records

*World Record from Incredible Book of records

* World Record from Cholan Book of World Record

* World Record from Bravo International Book of World Record

* World Record from High Range Book of World Record

* World Record from Kalam’s World Record

* World Record from Hope international World Record

* International Honours from Nigeria

* Indian icon Award from Global Records & Research Foundation (G.R.R.F.)

* International Award from USA for the year’2019 as INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR-2019

* National level Excellence Leadership Award-2020 from Anandashree Organisation, Mumbai

* Best Practical Demonstrator & Theory instructor from Collector & District Magistrate,

Balasore.

* Best Innovator Award by Bengal Book.

* Popular Indian Award by Bengal Book.

* Great man Award by Bengal Book.

* Best Indian Award by Bengal Book.

* The Man of the Era by Bengal Book.

IMPORTANT LINK FILES TO KNOW THE WORK OF

Dr. MIHIR KUMAR PANDA

Dr.Mihir Ku panda awarded at indian science congress Association, Govt. of India for 10000 innovations & 30,000 ideas

youtu.be/MFIh2AoEy_g

Hindi Media report- Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost by Dr.Mihir Ku Panda

youtu.be/gPbJyB8aE2s

Simple innovation science show for popularisation of science in free of cost in different parts of India By Dr.Mihirku Panda

www.youtube.com/user/mihirkumarpanda/videos?view=0&so...

Simple innovation laboratory at a Glance

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2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #30 by dominotic

1 1

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

End Of The Line 2 by Scott Gitlin

3 14

Step 1 - Connect pipe A with pipe B. Be careful to line up pipes properly before going to step 2..

Canon A590IS. Jamaica Bay looking south with Rockaway on the horizon. Near the Jamaica Bay Bird Sanctuary, Queens, NY.

2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #13 by dominotic

1 1

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #6 by dominotic

1

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

Proper Use of Seatbelts and Air Bags Protect Pregnant Drivers and their Unborn Children by Ancira Auto Group

Wearing a seat-belt properly is extremely important for pregnant drivers

One of the leading causes of death to unborn children is the death of pregnant women in automobile crashes, according to Edmunds.com.

Researchers estimate the number of deaths in the U.S. is approximately 400 each year.

That said, there isn’t definitive data, and the number of deaths could be even higher. Federal car crash databases don't regularly mention whether drivers or occupants involved in crashes were pregnant, and death certificates of fetuses don't always cite whether the mother-to-be was in a car crash.

Some studies show that seatbelts and airbags can pose risks to a fetus, but only if the seatbelt is worn incorrectly or the pregnant driver is positioned too close to the steering wheel when the airbag deploys.

Both the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists recommend that pregnant women wear a three-point safety belt and not disconnect the air bag.

If the seatbelt is worn incorrectly, the steering wheel or dashboard may injure a pregnant woman. If the pregnant woman sits too close to the airbag, it will hit with too much force, when it deploys in an accident.

To reduce these risks, pregnant women should do the following:

For pregnant passengers sitting in the front seat:

• Move the front seat as far back as possible.

• On a three-point safety belt, always position the lap belt portion as low on the abdomen as possible. The shoulder belt should be routed over the sternum.

• Leave the air bag operational.

For pregnant drivers:

• On a three-point safety belt, always position the lap belt portion as low on the abdomen as possible. The shoulder belt should be routed over the sternum.

• Leave the air bag operational.

• Drive a vehicle that allows the most clearance between the steering wheel and abdomen.

• Remove or adjust coats to make sure they do not interfere with low placement of the lap belt.

• Minimize driving in hazardous conditions, such as in bad weather or on icy roads.

• Position the steering wheel to maximize abdomen-to-wheel clearance, while aiming it more toward the chest than the head.

• When possible, ride as a passenger rather than drive to avoid potential contact with the steering wheel.

Car manufacturers have been making it easier for everyone to wear belts properly. Since the 1998 model year, cars with upper seatbelts that come out of the B-pillar (on the side of the car) are also required to have adjustable anchors. This helps everyone, from the tallest to the shortest — to the most pregnant — driver and passenger to keep belts from cutting into their necks or riding across their chests.

Current car designs facilitate comfortable positioning of the steering wheel, enabling even pregnant women to adjust the steering wheel in a way that keeps them from sitting too close to the air bag.

Adjustable steering wheels, particularly ones that telescope in and out, can be especially helpful for drivers of varying sizes — and stages of pregnancy. Even lower-end models often have manual devices that can help point the center of the steering wheel away from the abdomen and toward the chest.

Adjustable pedals, now available in many models, can help shorter pregnant women drive more easily without sitting too close to the airbag.

For more information on this subject, visit:

www.familycar.com/articles/laurenfix/drivingwhilepregnent...

www.michigan.gov/msp/0,1607,7-123-1589_1711_4587-49794--,....

www.edmunds.com/advice/womenfamilies/articles/122967/arti....

pregnantdriver.lboro.ac.uk/

To see if Texas uses primary or secondary enforcement to enforce its seat belt laws, visit:

www.iihs.org/laws/SafetyBeltUse.aspx

Shia shrine violence Cleric asks police to ‘behave’ properly by Two Circles

5

Taurus by Zelde Grimm

4 2

The finished (and properly scanned) Taurus!

Well this one was never originally intended to be in this series (I planned to do this series with all sea creatures) but she's an older piece I've been neglecting for a while now and finally finished. She fits nicely, I think.

Find Poppets & Lace on Facebook and order prints with Fine Art America

Peterborough Cathedral by Oliver Mallich

1

Peterborough Cathedral, properly the Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew – also known as Saint Peter's Cathedral in the United Kingdom – is the seat of the Bishop of Peterborough, dedicated to Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, whose statues look down from the three high gables of the famous West Front. Founded in the Anglo-Saxon period, the architecture is mainly Norman, following a rebuilding in the 12th century. With Durham and Ely Cathedrals, it is one of the most important 12th-century buildings in England to have remained largely intact, despite extensions and restoration.

The original building was destroyed by an accidental fire in 1116. This event necessitated the building of a new church in the Norman style, begun by Abbot John de Sais on 8 March 1118. By 1193 the building was completed to the western end of the Nave, including the central tower and the decorated wooden ceiling of the nave. The ceiling, completed between 1230 and 1250, still survives. It is unique in Britain and one of only four such ceilings in the whole of Europe.

After completing the Western transept and adding the Great West Front Portico in 1237, the medieval masons switched over to the new Gothic style. Apart from changes to the windows, the insertion of a porch to support the free-standing pillars of the portico and the addition of a 'new' building at the east end around the beginning of the 16th century, the structure of the building remains essentially as it was on completion almost 800 years ago. The completed building was consecrated in 1238.

2017 NCAA Tennis: FAU vs UM - Felipe Frias by Mario Houben

1

Backlighting, properly exposed, offers the advantage of "rim lighting" and darkening of the background, which I like.

This tennis serving action got nicely isolated with this lighting condition and frontal shooting angle.

In the picture:

Felipe Frias, from Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, serving for the Florida Atlantic University Owls, during a NCAA men's tennis spring season match of the University of Miami Hurricanes against the Florida Atlantic University Owls on February 12, 2017 at the Neil Schiff Tennis Center in Coral Gables, Florida. Miami defeated Florida Atlantic 5-2

====

All my uploaded images are significantly reduced from the original high-res file, and adjusted for web display.

Unauthorized use or reproduction for any reason is strictly prohibited.

All my shown images are of my exclusive property, and are protected under International Copyright laws. Those images may not be reproduced, copied, transmitted or, in any way manipulated, without my written permission and use license.

If you wish to use or acquire any of my images, please contact me via Mario Houben | Photography - The Website

Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra @ Oslo by Miguel O. Strauss

PLEASE ATTRIBUTE PROPERLY IF UNDER CREATIVE COMMONS

Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra consists of the 200 most promising students in Venezuela's famous and ground breaking musical education for youth, El Sistema. The program was founded in 1975 by the visionary conductor and economist José Antonio Abreu. The network of youth otchestras gives oppurtunities and inspiration to more than 250,00 children from all over Venezuela - a country where 75% of the population lives under the poverty line.

The Konserthus in Oslo, one of the most emblematic theaters in the cultural life of Norway, opens its home page with the announcement of the concert that the Venezuelan orchestra will perform on June 11 in that city, cradle of the Nobel Prize. ”Margariteña” will be heard in this venue, composed by Inocente Carreño, who turned 90 years old in 2010; and ”Danzas del Ballet La Estancia” by Ginastera, and the Fourth Symphony by Tchaikovsky will also be performed.

This way, with music interpreted with Latin-American style, the Venezuelan orchestra top of the social and artistic project conceived by master José Antonio Abreu 35 years ago, will leave its print in Oslo, one of the most relevant cities in the humanistic field.

Conductor: Gustavo Dudamel

Programme:

INOCENTE CARREÑO - Margaiteña (Symphonic variations)

ALBERTO GINASTERA - Dances from the Ballet "Estancia", op. 8

1. Los trabajadores agricolas (The Land Workers)

2. Danza del trigo (Wheat Dance)

3. Los peones de hacienda (The Peons of the Hacienda)

4. Danza final (Malambo)

Switzerland / Bernese Oberland - Eiger north face by Michael Kemper

20

Schweiz / Berner Oberland - Eiger Nordwand

seen on the way from Männlichen to Kleine Scheidegg

gesehen auf dem Weg vom Männlichen zur Kleinen Scheidegg

The Eiger (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪ̯ɡɐ]) is a 3,967-metre (13,015 ft) mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen in the Bernese Oberland of Switzerland, just north of the main watershed and border with Valais. It is the easternmost peak of a ridge crest that extends across the Mönch to the Jungfrau at 4,158 m (13,642 ft), constituting one of the most emblematic sights of the Swiss Alps. While the northern side of the mountain rises more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) above the two valleys of Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen, the southern side faces the large glaciers of the Jungfrau-Aletsch area, the most glaciated region in the Alps. The most notable feature of the Eiger is its nearly 1,800-metre-high (5,900 ft) north face of rock and ice, named Eiger-Nordwand, Eigerwand or just Nordwand, which is the biggest north face in the Alps.] This huge face towers over the resort of Kleine Scheidegg at its base, on the eponymous pass connecting the two valleys.

The first ascent of the Eiger was made by Swiss guides Christian Almer and Peter Bohren and Irishman Charles Barrington, who climbed the west flank on August 11, 1858. The north face, the "last problem" of the Alps, considered amongst the most challenging and dangerous ascents, was first climbed in 1938 by an Austrian-German expedition.The Eiger has been highly publicized for the many tragedies involving climbing expeditions. Since 1935, at least 64 climbers have died attempting the north face, earning it the German nickname Mordwand, literally "murder(ous) wall"—a pun on its correct title of Nordwand (North Wall).

Although the summit of the Eiger can be reached by experienced climbers only, a railway tunnel runs inside the mountain, and two internal stations provide easy access to viewing-windows carved into the rock face. They are both part of the Jungfrau Railway line, running from Kleine Scheidegg to the Jungfraujoch, between the Mönch and the Jungfrau, at the highest railway station in Europe. The two stations within the Eiger are Eigerwand (behind the north face) and Eismeer (behind the south face), at around 3,000 metres. The Eigerwand station has not been regularly served since 2016.

Etymology

The first mention of Eiger, appearing as "mons Egere", was found in a property sale document of 1252, but there is no clear indication of how exactly the peak gained its name. The three mountains of the ridge are commonly referred to as the Virgin (German: Jungfrau – translates to "virgin" or "maiden"), the Monk (Mönch), and the Ogre (Eiger; the standard German word for ogre is Oger). The name has been linked to the Latin term acer, meaning "sharp" or "pointed".

Geographic setting and description

The Eiger is located above the Lauterbrunnen Valley to the west and Grindelwald to the north in the Bernese Oberland region of the canton of Bern. It forms a renowned mountain range of the Bernese Alps together with its two companions: the Jungfrau (4,158 m (13,642 ft)) about 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) southwest of it and the Mönch (4,107 m (13,474 ft)) about in the middle of them. The nearest settlements are Grindelwald, Lauterbrunnen (795 m (2,608 ft)) and Wengen (1,274 m (4,180 ft)). The Eiger has three faces: north (or more precisely NNW), east (or more precisely ESE), and west (or more precisely WSW). The northeastern ridge from the summit to the Ostegg (lit.: eastern corner, 2,709 m (8,888 ft)), called Mittellegi, is the longest on the Eiger. The north face overlooks the gently rising Alpine meadow between Grindelwald (943 m (3,094 ft)) and Kleine Scheidegg (2,061 m (6,762 ft)), a mountain railways junction and a pass, which can be reached from both sides, Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen/Wengen – by foot or train.

Politically, the Eiger (and its summit) belongs to the Bernese municipalities of Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen. The Kleine Scheidegg (literally, the small parting corner) connects the Männlichen-Tschuggen range with the western ridge of the Eiger. The Eiger does not properly form part of the main chain of the Bernese Alps, which borders the canton of Valais and forms the watershed between the Rhine and the Rhône, but constitutes a huge limestone buttress, projecting from the crystalline basement of the Mönch across the Eigerjoch. Consequently, all sides of the Eiger feed finally the same river, namely the Lütschine.

Eiger's water is connected through the Weisse Lütschine (the white one) in the Lauterbrunnen Valley on the west side (southwestern face of the Eiger), and through the Schwarze Lütschine (the black one) running through Grindelwald (northwestern face), which meet each other in Zweilütschinen (lit.: the two Lütschinen) where they form the proper Lütschine. The east face is covered by the glacier called Ischmeer, (Bernese German for Ice Sea), which forms one upper part of the fast-retreating Lower Grindelwald Glacier. These glaciers' water forms a short creek, which is also confusingly called the Weisse Lütschine, but enters the black one already in Grindelwald together with the water from the Upper Grindelwald Glacier. Therefore, all the water running down the Eiger converges at the northern foot of the Männlichen (2,342 m (7,684 ft)) in Zweilütschinen (654 m (2,146 ft)), about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the summit, where the Lütschine begins its northern course to Lake Brienz and the Aare (564 m (1,850 ft)).

Although the north face of the Eiger is almost free of ice, significant glaciers lie at the other sides of the mountain. The Eiger Glacier flows on the southwestern side of the Eiger, from the crest connecting it to the Mönch down to 2,400 m (7,900 ft), south of Eigergletscher railway station, and feeds the Weisse Lütschine through the Trümmelbach. On the east side, the Ischmeer–well visible from the windows of Eismeer railway station–flows eastwards from the same crest then turns to the north below the impressive wide Fiescherwand, the north face of the Fiescherhörner triple summit (4,049 m (13,284 ft)) down to about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) of the Lower Grindelwald Glacier system.

The massive composition of the Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau constitutes an emblematic sight of the Swiss Alps and is visible from many places on the Swiss Plateau and the Jura Mountains in the northwest. The higher Finsteraarhorn (4,270 m (14,010 ft)) and Aletschhorn (4,190 m (13,750 ft)), which are located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the south, are generally less visible and situated in the middle of glaciers in less accessible areas. As opposed to the north side, the south and east sides of the range consist of large valley glaciers extending for up to 22 kilometres (14 mi), the largest (beyond the Eiger drainage basin) being those of Grand Aletsch, Fiesch, and Aar Glaciers, and is thus uninhabited. The whole area, the Jungfrau-Aletsch protected area, comprising the highest summits and largest glaciers of the Bernese Alps, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001.

In July 2006, a piece of the Eiger, amounting to approximately 700,000 cubic metres of rock, fell from the east face. As it had been noticeably cleaving for several weeks and fell into an uninhabited area, there were no injuries and no buildings were hit.

Climbing history

While the summit was reached without much difficulty in 1858 by a complex route on the west flank, the battle to climb the north face has captivated the interest of climbers and non-climbers alike. Before it was successfully climbed, most of the attempts on the face ended tragically and the Bernese authorities even banned climbing it and threatened to fine any party that should attempt it again. But the enthusiasm which animated the young talented climbers from Austria and Germany finally vanquished its reputation of unclimbability when a party of four climbers successfully reached the summit in 1938 by what is known as the "1938" or "Heckmair" route.

The climbers that attempted the north face could be easily watched through the telescopes from the Kleine Scheidegg, a pass between Grindelwald and Lauterbrunnen, connected by rail. The contrast between the comfort and civilization of the railway station and the agonies of the young men slowly dying a short yet uncrossable distance away led to intensive coverage by the international media.

After World War II, the north face was climbed twice in 1947, first by a party of two French guides, Louis Lachenal and Lionel Terray, then by a Swiss party consisting of H. Germann, with Hans and Karl Schlunegger.

First ascent

In 1857, a first recorded attempt was made by Christian Almer, Christian Kaufmann, Ulrich Kaufmann guiding the Austrian alpinist Sigismund Porges. They did manage the first ascent of neighboring Mönch instead. Porges, however, successfully made the second ascent of the Eiger in July 1861 with the guides Christian Michel, Hans and Peter Baumann.

The first ascent was made by the western flank on August 11, 1858 by Charles Barrington with guides Christian Almer and Peter Bohren. On the previous afternoon, the party walked up to the Wengernalp hotel. From there they started the ascent of the Eiger at 3:30 a.m. Barrington describes the route much as it is followed today, staying close to the edge of the north face much of the way. They reached the summit at about noon, planted a flag, stayed for some 10 minutes and descended in about four hours. Barrington describes the reaching of the top, saying, "the two guides kindly gave me the place of first man up." After the descent, the party was escorted to the Kleine Scheidegg hotel, where their ascent was confirmed by observation of the flag left on the summit. The owner of the hotel then fired a cannon to celebrate the first ascent. According to Harrer's The White Spider, Barrington was originally planning to make the first ascent of the Matterhorn, but his finances did not allow him to travel there as he was already staying in the Eiger region.

Mittellegi ridge

Although the Mittellegi ridge had already been descended by climbers (since 1885) with the use of ropes in the difficult sections, it remained unclimbed until 1921. On the 10th of September of that year, Japanese climber Yuko Maki, along with Swiss guides Fritz Amatter, Samuel Brawand and Fritz Steuri made the first successful ascent of the ridge. The previous day, the party approached the ridge from the Eismeer railway station of the Jungfrau Railway and bivouacked for the night. They started the climb at about 6:00 a.m. and reached the summit of the Eiger at about 7:15 p.m., after an over 13 hours gruelling ascent. Shortly after, they descended the west flank. They finally reached Eigergletscher railway station at about 3:00 a.m. the next day.

Attempts on the north face

1935

In 1935, two young German climbers from Bavaria, Karl Mehringer and Max Sedlmeyer, arrived at Grindelwald to attempt the ascent of the north face. After waiting some time for the weather to improve, they set off, reaching the height of the Eigerwand station before stopping for their first bivouac. The following day, facing greater difficulties, they gained little height. On the third day, they made hardly any vertical gain. That night, the weather deteriorated, bringing snow and low cloud that shrouded the mountain from the observers below. Avalanches began to sweep the face. Two days later, the weather briefly cleared, and the two men were glimpsed a little higher and about to bivouac for the fifth night, before clouds descended again. A few days later, the weather finally cleared, revealing a completely white north face.: 225 Weeks later, the German World War I ace Ernst Udet went searching for the missing men with his aircraft, eventually spotting one of them frozen to death in what became known as the "Death Bivouac". Sedlmeyer's body was found at the foot of the face the following year by his brothers Heinrich and Martin Meier, who were part of a group looking for the victims of the 1936 climbing disaster. Mehringer's remains were found in 1962 by Swiss climbers below the "Flat Iron" (Bügeleisen) at the lefthand end of the second ice field.

1936

The next year ten young climbers from Austria and Germany came to Grindelwald and camped at the foot of the mountain. Before their attempts started one of them was killed during a training climb, and the weather was so bad during that summer that, after waiting for a change and seeing none on the way, several members of the party gave up. Of the four that remained, two were Bavarians, Andreas Hinterstoisser and Toni Kurz, and two were Austrians, Willy Angerer and Edi Rainer. When the weather improved they made a preliminary exploration of the lowest part of the face. Hinterstoisser fell 37 metres (121 ft) but was not injured. A few days later the four men finally began the ascent of the face. They climbed quickly, but on the next day, after their first bivouac, the weather changed; clouds came down and hid the group to the observers. They did not resume the climb until the following day, when, during a break, the party was seen descending, but the climbers could be seen only intermittently from the ground. The group had no choice but to retreat, since Angerer had suffered serious injuries from falling rock. The party became stuck on the face when they could not recross the difficult Hinterstoisser Traverse, from which they had taken the rope they had first used to climb it. The weather then deteriorated for two days. They were ultimately swept away by an avalanche, which only Kurz survived, hanging on a rope. Three guides started on an extremely perilous rescue attempt. They failed to reach him but came within shouting distance and learned what had happened. Kurz explained the fate of his companions: one had fallen down the face, another was frozen above him, and the third had fractured his skull in falling and was hanging dead on the rope.

In the morning the three guides came back, traversing the face from a hole near the Eigerwand station and risking their lives under incessant avalanches. Toni Kurz was still alive but almost helpless, with one hand and one arm completely frozen. Kurz hauled himself off the cliff after cutting loose the rope that bound him to his dead teammate below and climbed back onto the face. The guides were not able to pass an unclimbable overhang that separated them from Kurz. They managed to give him a rope long enough to reach them by tying two ropes together. While descending, Kurz could not get the knot to pass through his carabiner. He tried for hours to reach his rescuers who were only a few metres below him. Then he began to lose consciousness. One of the guides, climbing on another's shoulders, was able to touch the tip of Kurz's crampons with his ice-axe but could not reach higher. Kurz was unable to descend further and, completely exhausted, died slowly.

1937

An attempt was made in 1937 by Mathias Rebitsch and Ludwig Vörg. Although the attempt was unsuccessful, they were nonetheless the first climbers who returned alive from a serious attempt on the face. They started the climb on 11 August and reached a high point of a few rope lengths above Death Bivouac. A storm then broke and after three days on the wall they had to retreat. This was the first successful withdrawal from a significant height on the wall.

First ascent of the north face

The north face was first climbed on July 24, 1938 by Anderl Heckmair, Ludwig Vörg, Heinrich Harrer and Fritz Kasparek in a German–Austrian party. The party had originally consisted of two independent teams: Harrer (who did not have a pair of crampons on the climb) and Kasparek were joined on the face by Heckmair and Vörg, who had started their ascent a day later and had been helped by the fixed rope that the lead team had left across the Hinterstoisser Traverse. The two groups, led by the experienced Heckmair, decided to join their forces and roped together as a single group of four. Heckmair later wrote: "We, the sons of the older Reich, united with our companions from the Eastern Border to march together to victory."

The expedition was constantly threatened by snow avalanches and climbed as quickly as possible between the falls. On the third day a storm broke and the cold was intense. The four men were caught in an avalanche as they climbed "the Spider," the snow-filled cracks radiating from an ice-field on the upper face, but all possessed sufficient strength to resist being swept off the face. The members successfully reached the summit at four o'clock in the afternoon. They were so exhausted that they only just had the strength to descend by the normal route through a raging blizzard.

Other notable events

1864 (Jul 27): Fourth ascent, and first ascent by a woman, Lucy Walker, who was part of a group of six guides (including Christian Almer and Melchior Anderegg) and five clients, including her brother Horace Walker[

1871: First ascent by the southwest ridge, 14 July (Christian Almer, Christian Bohren, and Ulrich Almer guiding W. A. B. Coolidge and Meta Brevoort).

1890: First ascent in winter, Ulrich Kaufmann and Christian Jossi guiding C. W. Mead and G. F. Woodroffe.

1924: First ski ascent and descent via the Eiger glacier by Englishman Arnold Lunn and the Swiss Fritz Amacher, Walter Amstutz and Willy Richardet.

1932: First ascent of the northeast face ("Lauper route") by Hans Lauper, Alfred Zürcher, Alexander Graven and Josef Knubel

1970: First ski descent over the west flank, by Sylvain Saudan.

1986: Welshman Eric Jones becomes the first person to BASE jump from the Eiger.

1988: Original Route (ED2), north face, Eiger (3970m), Alps, Switzerland, first American solo (nine and a half hours) by Mark Wilford.

1991: First ascent, Metanoia Route, North Face, solo, winter, without bolts, Jeff Lowe.

1992 (18 July): Three BMG/UIAGM/IFMGA clients died in a fall down the West Flank: Willie Dunnachie; Douglas Gaines; and Phillip Davies. They had ascended the mountain via the Mittellegi Ridge.

2006 (14 June): François Bon and Antoine Montant make the first speedflying descent of the Eiger.

2006 (15 July): Approximately 700,000 cubic metres (20 million cubic feet) of rock from the east side collapses. No injuries or damage were reported.

2015 (23 July): A team of British Para-Climbers reached the summit via the West Flank Route. The team included John Churcher, the world's first blind climber to summit the Eiger, sight guided by the team leader Mark McGowan. Colin Gourlay enabled the ascent of other team members, including Al Taylor who has multiple sclerosis, and the young autistic climber Jamie Owen from North Wales. The ascent was filmed by the adventure filmmakers Euan Ryan & Willis Morris of Finalcrux Films.

Books and films

The 1959 book The White Spider by Heinrich Harrer describes the first successful ascent of the Eiger north face.

The Climb Up To Hell, 1962, by Jack Olson, an account of the ill-fated 1957 attempted climb of the north face by an Italian four-man team and the dramatic rescue of the sole survivor mounted by an international all-volunteer group of rescuers.

Eiger Direct, 1966, by Dougal Haston and Peter Gillman, London: Collins, also known as Direttissima; the Eiger Assault

The 1971 novel The Ice Mirror by Charles MacHardy describes the second attempted ascent of the Eiger north face by the main character.

The 1972 novel The Eiger Sanction is an action/thriller novel by Rodney William Whitaker (writing under the pseudonym Trevanian), based around the climbing of the Eiger. This was then made into the 1975 film The Eiger Sanction starring Clint Eastwood and George Kennedy. The Eiger Sanction film crew included very experienced mountaineers (e.g., Mike Hoover, Dougal Haston, and Hamish MacInnes, see Summit, 52, Spring 2010) as consultants, to ensure accuracy in the climbing footage, equipment and techniques.

The Eiger, 1974, by Dougal Haston, London: Cassell

The 1982 book Eiger, Wall of Death by Arthur Roth is an historical account of first ascents of the north face.

The 1982 book Traverse of The Gods by Bob Langley is a World War II spy thriller where a group escaping from Nazi Germany is trapped and the only possible exit route is via the Nordwand.

Eiger, 1983, a documentary film by Leo Dickinson of Eric Jones' 1981 solo ascent of the north face.

Eiger Dreams, 1990, a collection of essays by Jon Krakauer, begins with an account of Krakauer's own attempt to climb the north face.

Eiger: The Vertical Arena (German edition, 1998; English edition, 2000), edited by Daniel Anker, a comprehensive climbing history of the north face authored by 17 climbers, with numerous photographs and illustrations.

The IMAX film The Alps features John Harlin III's climb up the north face in September 2005. Harlin's father, John Harlin II, set out 40 years earlier to attempt a direct route (the direttissima) up the 6,000-foot (1,800 m) face, the so-called "John Harlin route". At 1300 m, his rope broke, and he fell to his death. Composer James Swearingen created a piece named Eiger: Journey to the Summit in his memory.

The 2007 docu/drama film The Beckoning Silence featuring mountaineer Joe Simpson, recounting—with filmed reconstructions—the ill-fated 1936 expedition up the north face of the Eiger and how Heinrich Harrer's book The White Spider inspired him to take up climbing. The film followed Simpson's eponymous 2003 book. Those playing the parts of the original climbing team were Swiss mountain guides Roger Schäli (Toni Kurz), Simon Anthamatten (Andreas Hinterstoisser), Dres Abegglen (Willy Angerer) and Cyrille Berthod (Edi Rainer). The documentary won an Emmy Award the subsequent year.

The 2008 German historical fiction film Nordwand is based on the 1936 attempt to climb the Eiger north face. The film is about the two German climbers, Toni Kurz and Andreas Hinterstoisser, involved in a competition with an Austrian duo to be the first to scale the north face of Eiger.

The 2010 documentary Eiger: Wall of Death by Steve Robinson.

(Wikipedia)

Der Eiger ist ein Berg in den Berner Alpen mit einer Höhe von 3967 m ü. M. Er ist dem Hauptkamm der Berner Alpen etwas nördlich vorgelagert und steht vollständig auf dem Territorium des Schweizer Kantons Bern. Zusammen mit Mönch und Jungfrau, deren Gipfel auf der Grenze zum Kanton Wallis liegen, dominiert der Eiger die Landschaft des zentralen Berner Oberlandes. Die etwa 3000 Meter über dem Tal aufragenden Nordflanken dieser Berge stellen die Schauseite einer der bekanntesten je als ein «Dreigestirn» bezeichneten Gipfel-Dreiergruppen in den Alpen dar.

Insbesondere die Nordwand des Eigers fasziniert sowohl Bergsteiger als auch Alpin-Laien. Durch dramatische Begehungsversuche und gelungene Begehungen dieser Wand wurde der Eiger weltweit bekannt und immer wieder ins Blickfeld der Öffentlichkeit gerückt – nicht zuletzt, da die gesamte Wand von Grindelwald und der Bahnstation Kleine Scheidegg aus einsehbar ist. Die Jungfraubahn mit ihrem Tunnel durch den Eigerfels ist seit ihrer Eröffnung im Jahr 1912 ein Touristenmagnet.

Namensherkunft

Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Eigers stammt aus dem Jahre 1252 – dies ist die zweitfrüheste urkundliche Erwähnung eines Schweizer Bergs nach dem Bietschhorn (1233). Am 24. Juli 1252 wurde in einer Verkaufsurkunde zwischen Ita von Wädiswyl und der Propstei Interlaken ein Grundstück mit den Worten «ad montem qui nominatur Egere» (dt.: Bis zum Berg, der Eiger genannt wird) abgegrenzt. Ein halbes Jahrhundert später wird der Eiger in einem Belehnungsbrief erstmals in deutscher Sprache erwähnt: «under Eigere».

Für die Herkunft des Namens gibt es drei gängige Erklärungen. Eine erste ist der althochdeutsche Name Agiger oder Aiger, wie der erste Siedler unterhalb des Eigers geheissen haben soll. Der Berg über dessen Weiden wurde deshalb Aigers Geissberg oder auch nur Geissberg genannt. Hieraus entwickelten sich dann im Laufe der Zeit die direkten Vorgänger der heutigen Bezeichnung. Die Herkunft des Namens könnte auch von dem lateinischen Wort acer kommen, woraus sich im Französischen aigu entwickelte. Beide Worte haben die Bedeutung scharf beziehungsweise spitz – in Anlehnung an die Form des Eigers. Die dritte Erklärung stammt von der früher gebräuchlichen Schreibweise Heiger, was sich aus dem Dialektausdruck «dr hej Ger» entwickelt haben könnte (hej bedeutet hoch, Ger war ein germanischer Wurfspiess). Wiederum wäre hier die Form des Eigers ausschlaggebend für seine Bezeichnung.

Im Zusammenhang mit dem Eiger wird auch des Öfteren die Namensähnlichkeit mit dem Oger, einem menschenähnlichen Unhold, genannt. In Anlehnung an das Dreigestirn «Eiger–Mönch–Jungfrau» gibt es die Erzählung, der Unhold Eiger wolle seine lüsternen Pranken auf die Jungfrau legen, woran er aber vom fröhlichen Mönch gehindert werde. Zu dieser Geschichte sind in Grindelwald alte Karikaturen und neuere Postkarten zu kaufen.

Lage und Umgebung

Der Eiger erhebt sich direkt südwestlich von Grindelwald (Amtsbezirk Interlaken). Die bekannte Nordwand ist genaugenommen eine Nordwestwand. Neben dieser existiert in der berühmten «Eiger-Nordansicht» auch noch die Nordostwand. Sie bildet die Basis für den scharfen Mittellegigrat, der vom Unteren Grindelwaldgletscher zum Gipfel zieht. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite begrenzt der Westgrat die Nordwand. Ihm folgt die Westflanke, in welcher sich der Eigergletscher und der Klein Eiger befinden. An diesen schliessen sich der Südwestgrat und noch ein Stück östlicher der Südgrat an, der wiederum die Südostwand begrenzt, welche bis zum Mittellegigrat reicht. Südöstlich des Eigers liegt der Grindelwald-Fieschergletscher.

In der Umgebung des Eigers befinden sich einige Viertausender des Aarmassivs. Im Osten ist er umgeben von Schreckhorn (4078 m ü. M.) und Lauteraarhorn (4042 m ü. M.), im Südosten vom Grossen Fiescherhorn (4049 m ü. M.), und im Südwesten ist der Mönch (4107 m ü. M.) durch das Nördliche und Südliche Eigerjoch vom Eiger getrennt. Zusammen mit dem Mönch und der Jungfrau (4158 m ü. M.) bildet der Eiger das «Dreigestirn», bei dem der Eiger den nordöstlichen und die Jungfrau den südwestlichen Endpunkt bildet. Entgegen der steil abfallenden Nordseite des Berges befindet sich im Süden des Eigers die Hochfläche und Gletscherwelt der Berner Alpen. Seit Ende 2001 gehört der Eiger zum Gebiet des UNESCO-Weltnaturerbes Schweizer Alpen Jungfrau-Aletsch.

Geologie

Der Eiger ist ein Teil des helvetischen Systems, das im Grossraum um den Thunersee die Decken des Alpennordrandes bildet. In einer späten Phase der alpidischen Gebirgsfaltung wurden die helvetischen Kalk-Sedimente von ihrer kristallinen Basis abgeschürft und in Form einer Abscherungsdecke nach Nordwesten verschoben. Während des Faltungsprozesses in der Alpenentstehung brachen die Kalkbänke auf und Kluft- sowie Faltensysteme entstanden, die später mit ausgefälltem Calcit geschlossen wurden. Wichtigste Bestandteile der Sedimente sind der Schrattenkalk der Kreidezeit und der Malmkalk. Als Füll- und Schmiermaterial dienten Mergel und Tonschiefer.

Die klar erkennbare Faltung des Helvetikums mit seinen gebänderten, plattigen Kalkschichten zeigt sich auch am Eiger. Das Massiv des Eigers besteht komplett aus Kalk der helvetischen Zone und schliesst die Flyschschichten und die Molasse des Grindelwaldbeckens steil nach Süden hin ab. Weil der Talkessel von Grindelwald so reich gegliedert ist, finden hier die verschiedensten Tiere einen Lebensraum.[6] Südlich des Eigers schliesst sich das Aarmassiv mit seinem Innertkirchner-Lauterbrunner-Kristallin an. Teilweise hat sich dieses über die Sedimente des Eiger geschoben. Im Bereich des Mönchs treffen die Sedimente auf Altkristallin. Die typischen Gesteine des helvetischen Systems im Bereich des Eigers entstanden während des Jura, dem mittleren Zeitabschnitts des Mesozoikums. Der vorherrschende Kalk ist dabei mit verschiedenen Gesteinen durchmischt. Es zeigen sich Mergel-Kalke und -Schiefer, Ton-Schiefer, Eisenoolith sowie kalkige Sandsteine.

Die Kalkschichten des Eigers lagern auf Gneis und sind um 60–70° nach Norden geneigt. Geprägt wurde die heutige Form des Eigers durch die Eiszeiten. Während der Riss-Kaltzeit reichte die Vergletscherung bis an den Fuss der Nordwand. In der Würm-Kaltzeit war die Mächtigkeit des Eises um 200 Meter geringer. Durch die Bewegung der Gletscher wurde die Erdoberfläche umgestaltet. Vom Eis überlagerte Landschaften wurden abgeschliffen, wohingegen unbedeckte Bereiche durch Verwitterung und andere Formen der Erosion verändert wurden. Mit dem Rückzug des Eises änderten sich auch die Druckverhältnisse im Gestein, was sich durch Entlastungsbewegungen formgebend auswirkte. Prägend für den Eiger und seine Form war die allseitige Umlagerung von Eismassen, welche für einen recht gleichmässigen und markanten Abrieb aller Wände sorgte. Darüber hinaus war die Nordwand durch ihre Exposition den Abtragungsprozessen wie Frostverwitterung mehr ausgesetzt.

Felssturz

2006 ereignete sich am Eiger ein grosser Bergsturz, der öffentliches Interesse auf sich zog. An der Ostseite des Berges, unterhalb des Mittellegigrates, war durch Felsbewegungen ein rund 250 Meter langer Spalt entstanden, der eine Breite von etwa 7 Metern erreichte.Danach senkten sich die äusseren Teile mehrere Zentimeter pro Tag ab. Eine Ursache dieser Felsabspaltung könnte sowohl das massive Eindringen von Schmelzwasser in den Felsen gewesen sein, als auch eine Instabilität des Gesteins durch den Rückgang des Gletschers unterhalb des Felsabbruchs infolge der globalen Erwärmung. Am 13. Juli 2006 um 19:24 Uhr stürzten rund 500'000 Kubikmeter Felsbrocken auf den Unteren Grindelwaldgletscher. Über der Gemeinde Grindelwald schwebte stundenlang eine Staubwolke. Bereits am Nachmittag desselben Tages war die sogenannte «Madonna vom Eiger» zu Tal gestürzt. Hierbei handelte es sich um einen ungefähr 30 Meter hohen schlanken Felsturm mit rund 600 Kubikmeter Volumen.

Seit diesen Ereignissen wird die Felsnase (Gesamtvolumen: ungefähr eine Million Kubikmeter Gestein), aus der die Gesteinsmasse abbrach, von der Universität Lausanne beobachtet. Die Beobachtungen ergaben, dass sich die Nase von Juli 2007 bis August 2008 auf einer nach Osten geneigten Gleitfläche um 15 Meter talwärts bewegte. Zusätzlich kippte die Gesteinsmasse um zwei Grad nach Nordosten. Die Kluft zwischen Berg und Felsbrocken betrug im August 2008 50 Meter. Immer wieder brechen Gesteinsteile ab und stürzen zu Tal. Gebremst und stabilisiert wird die Masse vom Gletschereis, in das die Felsnase gleitet. Dies verhindert, dass die Nase als kompakte Masse zu Tal stürzt. So gilt es als wahrscheinlicher, dass der Gesteinsblock in sich selbst zusammenfallen wird.

(Wikipedia)

Vancouver Maternity outdoor Portraiture-0136 by vivian Chung

Flash did not fire properly.....it took FOREVER for my 430 to recharge, but I had an idea to use the channel mixer method to turn this into a infra red B&W.

See more photo at photo blog

Seasons - spring by Teri@wavinggrass

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just for fun ;)

these were originally all on one sheet but I thought they'd come out too small to see properly so I separated them

2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #3 by dominotic

1 1

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

Cafe Uno and Shelby Gobo kept everyone properly hydrated before during and after the 2013 Miss Teen Canada - World Scavenger Hunt by Miss Teen Canada World

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Cafe Uno and Shelby Gobo kept everyone properly hydrated before during and after the 2013 Miss Teen Canada - World Scavenger Hunt in the Distillery District July 15th 2013

Inside Cafe Uno, Lisa Sloan helps Shelby Gobo rehydrate the troops with pitchers of cool water

www.cafeunotoronto.com

Read more about the Prize Hunt on Monday, 15 July 2013 on The Distillery District Blog,

thedistillerydistrict.com/blog/index.php/2013-miss-teen-c...

Soldiers by merripat

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Snowdays and Photoshop.

Flickr isn't showing the outer stroke when viewed on black properly today. It's always something! At least there aren't scary looking "soldiers" outside my door. (I hope!)

Follow-up: Actually, it's Firefox that's messing up. It looks fine on Safari.

Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra @ Oslo by Miguel O. Strauss

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PLEASE ATTRIBUTE PROPERLY IF UNDER CREATIVE COMMONS

Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra consists of the 200 most promising students in Venezuela's famous and ground breaking musical education for youth, El Sistema. The program was founded in 1975 by the visionary conductor and economist José Antonio Abreu. The network of youth otchestras gives oppurtunities and inspiration to more than 250,00 children from all over Venezuela - a country where 75% of the population lives under the poverty line.

The Konserthus in Oslo, one of the most emblematic theaters in the cultural life of Norway, opens its home page with the announcement of the concert that the Venezuelan orchestra will perform on June 11 in that city, cradle of the Nobel Prize. ”Margariteña” will be heard in this venue, composed by Inocente Carreño, who turned 90 years old in 2010; and ”Danzas del Ballet La Estancia” by Ginastera, and the Fourth Symphony by Tchaikovsky will also be performed.

This way, with music interpreted with Latin-American style, the Venezuelan orchestra top of the social and artistic project conceived by master José Antonio Abreu 35 years ago, will leave its print in Oslo, one of the most relevant cities in the humanistic field.

Conductor: Gustavo Dudamel

Programme:

INOCENTE CARREÑO - Margaiteña (Symphonic variations)

ALBERTO GINASTERA - Dances from the Ballet "Estancia", op. 8

1. Los trabajadores agricolas (The Land Workers)

2. Danza del trigo (Wheat Dance)

3. Los peones de hacienda (The Peons of the Hacienda)

4. Danza final (Malambo)

Exeter Cathedral - Mediæval Heraldic Beast (albeit headless) by Kimhaz - Here and There

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Exeter Cathedral, properly known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Exeter, is an Anglican cathedral, and the seat of the Bishop of Exeter, in the city of Exeter, Devon, in South West England. The present building was complete by about 1400, and has several notable features, including an early set of misericords, an astronomical clock and the longest uninterrupted vaulted ceiling in England.

The founding of the cathedral at Exeter, dedicated to Saint Peter, dates from 1050, when the seat of the bishop of Devon and Cornwall was transferred from Crediton because of a fear of sea-raids. A Saxon minster already existing within the town (and dedicated to Saint Mary and Saint Peter) was used by Leofric as his seat, but services were often held out of doors, close to the site of the present cathedral building.

In 1107 William Warelwast was appointed to the see, and this was the catalyst for the building of a new cathedral in the Norman style. Its official foundation was in 1133, during Warelwast's time, but it took many more years to complete. Following the appointment of Walter Bronescombe as bishop in 1258, the building was already recognised as outmoded, and it was rebuilt in the Decorated Gothic style, following the example of Salisbury. However, much of the Norman building was kept, including the two massive square towers and part of the walls. It was constructed entirely of local stone, including Purbeck Marble. The new cathedral was complete by about 1400, apart from the addition of the chapter house and chantry chapels.

During the Second World War, Exeter was one of the targets of a German air offensive against British cities of cultural and historical importance, which became known as the "Baedeker Blitz". On 4 May 1942 an early-morning air raid took place over Exeter. The cathedral sustained a direct hit by a large high-explosive bomb on the chapel of St James, completely demolishing it. The muniment room above, three bays of the aisle and two flying buttresses were also destroyed in the blast. The medieval wooden screen opposite the chapel was smashed into many pieces by the blast, but it has been reconstructed and restored. Many of the cathedral's most important artefacts, such as the ancient glass (including the great east window), the misericords, the bishop's throne, the Exeter Book, the ancient charters (of King Athelstan and Edward the Confessor) and other precious documents from the library had been removed in anticipation of such an attack. The precious effigy of Walter Branscombe had been protected by sand bags. Subsequent repairs and the clearance of the area around the western end of the building uncovered portions of earlier structures, including remains of the Roman city and of the original Norman cathedral. Wikipedia

Large Asbestos Ore Rotary Dryer by Asbestorama

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To properly process the asbestos ore, certain amounts of moisture was necessary to be removed from the rocky material. After initial crushing stages, asbestos ore was passed through this large industrial rotary dryer, then transported via more conveyors to additional ore milling machinery and a series of refinement equipment to recover various grades of asbestos fiber from the rock.

Mill workers not only were exposed to airborne asbestos dust, but undoubtedly this process generated unbearable noise as tons of rock crashed against the dryer's rotating metal walls. Not to mention excess heat given off from the dryer, where internal temperatures used for drying were several hundred degrees fahrenheit, and reportedly could reach up to 1,000 degrees F (537.78 Celsius).

haair by Beckie Jane Brown

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-I have not been talking about this properly in terms of youtube/twitter allsorts....

-Just because I am not expressing myself as clearly, or that I do not write blogs or post the photographs I take - it doesn't mean that I am not doing it.

-It feels as though an awful lot of people feel I have moved on from it.... Looking at my booths - you wouldn't know. It is the back of my head/hair that is the problem now.... It is something that drives me crackers - personally, privately...

Photos such as these reflect what I felt when I took them - in terms of trich:

Trich is a circle: dailybooth.com/u/17wia

(I took this because I noticed the light, however, I deliberately touched my hair - will I ever stop - is there a light at the end of the tunnel?): dailybooth.com/u/15udg

Baby hair - the start of a new irritation (which has increased at the front): dailybooth.com/u/12pwj

STOP IT: dailybooth.com/beckie0/1606581

Trich is like a circle: (I held back what I wanted to say - and went to trich world instead.) dailybooth.com/u/uuxa

The day I noticed the patch at the top/back: dailybooth.com/u/u633 dailybooth.com/u/tv4a dailybooth.com/u/tx8r

My hands have POWER: dailybooth.com/u/rdtb

Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park, Sydney - collage by dominotic

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

GRAFLEX RESTORATION, FINISHED by ektarama

11 9

All that remains is to apply some gloss black shoe polish and buff it out, load some film into a holder, find an appropriate subject, set the controls properly, pull out the dark slide...... and then create a memorable image.

Unfortunately, creating the memorable image is the hard part, and no camera, be it a 1939 Graflex or the latest, greatest, most expensive and feature rich, digital camera from Japan, with the most gigantic and expensive zoom lens money can buy attached to it, is going to do it on it's own.

For the easy part, I searched the R.B. Auto model of Graflex on the internet and found that they were made from 1909-1941, having the longest production of any Graflex model, but many other models also had a very long production run. The Speed Graphic actually had a longer production run, something like 50 years, but it's not a Graflex because it's not an SLR. I just figured out that the "flex" is short for Reflex. It's worth pondering for a moment in this era where a new camera model is being introduced approximately every six months, that in those days a photographer might buy a camera such as this and use it for one's entire photographic career. Everything was a lot slower back then...

There is no doubt that photography is mostly not about the camera, but in the world of digital photography the companies making cameras have seriously promoted the camera as much more a part of the creative process than ever before. This is not to assert that the camera has not been advertised as the salvation to pretty much everything to do with photography in the past though. In fact, historically, that's probably the most common advertising theme.

One can also see that film cameras were a very poor business model, especially those made in the era when products were made to last forever, which was pretty much the entire film camera era. Kodak responded to this problem by regularly introducing new film formats that would require a photographer that wanted to use the format to buy a new camera, often also also introduced by Kodak. My parents fell into this trap a couple of times. I was given a Kodak Disc camera for some occasion, and a Polaroid Swinger (that I couldn't afford to buy film for) for another. Previous to that I had a Brownie Starfire 127 camera, which was certainly a better camera by virtue of it's larger format. My dad's camera was a Brownie Hawkeye 620 camera, that he owned from the 50's until he got a Polaroid and a 126 Instamatic. Photos from the Instamatic are very good as it has a reasonable sized negative. I have been scanning some of the transparencies he took in the 60's with the Instamatic, before they self-destruct.

It seems strange that Kodak did not recognize a long time ago that the handwriting was on the wall, because by the time the camera above was made in 1939, there were cameras still in active use that were at least 50 years old. My favorite camera, the Mamiya RB67, is from the mid '80s, so 30 plus years old. This might not be possible with digital but my two aging digital cameras are still working just fine after 12 and 14 years, not to mention the phone, so who knows.

Digital cameras have been an absolute godsend for the camera industry, which had become moribund because the last of the 35mm SLR were cameras that are working to this day along with most that were made before them; also the introduction of the point and shoot 35mm film camera, many of which are also still working just fine. Kodak didn't invent 35mm, but they did invent the daylight cartridge, and the first camera to use it, which was the Retina, which makes the Retina perhaps the most important camera in the history of photography. Retinas are a wonderful design and still take a great photo. If you have one, join my Kodak Retina group www.flickr.com/groups/359512@N21/

It's worth noting that Kodak invented and patented the sensor that is the heart of the digital camera, but their management was so inept at that time that they chose not to capitalize on it, fearing that it would cannibalize their film business. Ultimately they lost nearly everything because of their stupidity. I bet on their stock and lost, so I also am chastened. As naive as it sounds, I was mostly just trying to help.

But I digress....

The serial number of this camera is stamped into the inside of the top door, and this camera dates to 1939, as near as I can determine.

I searched the serial number of the Compur shutter on this camera (the only other s/n on the camera) and found that it was made in 1925. The 7 1/2" Kodak lens is listed as an OEM lens for this camera but this is clearly not the original lens. There is no serial number on these old Kodak lenses and Kodak didn't begin to use their CAMEROSITY date code until 1940.

Eastman Kodak had a huge amount of money back in the old days and bought a lot of camera companies. The history of their acquisitions can be found elsewhere on the web. EK owned Folmer and Schwing for quite a while but was forced by the US government to sell the company in 1926 because of anti-trust laws, missing out on the potential notoriety of some of the most famous photos in history being taken with Graflex cameras. The Graflex SLR was used by Steiglitz for his cloud "Equivalents" photos, by Dorothea Lange for her famous series taken for the FSA during the depression (including one of the most memorable photos ever made), and by many other photographers.

Not too long after selling Graflex, EK purchased Nagelwerk in Germany (perhaps avoiding anti-trust laws?), a company that designed and produced the famous Kodak Retina, among others such as the Vollenda and Duo Six-20, so the loss of Folmer and Schwing didn't hurt them much, if at all.

Back to this camera, I replaced the orginal leather viewing hood with one from the parts Graflex, because the leather original was starting to split. Still very serviceable but the later model is made from some kind of rubberized stuff with a cool fuzzy fringe around the top, so I decided to preserve the original for posterity.

Amazingly, this camera is nearly 80 years old, and with a basic servicing and replacement of the damaged escutcheon, is probably good for more years of service than I'm going to need. This camera was produced during an era when products were built to last. Even the shutter curtain is in remarkably good condition. Admittedly this is a late model, but the RB was introduced in the Model T era. Just something to ponder.

When I look down into the hood, draw the lens into focus and see the beautiful image materialize in the huge ground glass, I don't really even need to take a photo. It's wonderful just to peer into. But should I decide to take a photo, when the roll film holder is installed, I can take 8 6x9 photos, or 12 6x6 photos. 12 photos are also available in the original rectangular format using the bag magazine, or 2 images when using cut film holders.

One can appreciate how those moments of awe-struck contemplation helped to initiate the process for some of the most memorable photos in history to be taken. A digital photographer could have already acquired 100 captures in the time it took me to release the bed, pull out the lens, release and raise the viewing hood, focus on the subject, gaze lingeringly at it, cock the mirror, determine exposure and aperture, set their controls, then perhaps ultimately pull out the dark slide and trip the shutter.

Is one better than the other? Depends on what one is looking at.

2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #4 by dominotic

1

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

AMH Socialite by simplybeu

3

properly modeled :)

77/365 - Wildersmouth beach by Anna Heath

3

A properly chilled out first day here. I'm still not feeling great, so we did very little indeed, and very nice it was too. Woke up fairly early and lounged in bed looking at the sea for a good while. Went out to Lidl a bit later and got some lunch and food for this evening.

This afternoon we played Jenga and a board game, then had a short walk down to Wildersmouth beach, which was pretty bracing. Collected lots of sea glass and spotted a lot of velella jellyfish (aka, "by-the-wind-sailors"), like we saw in Ireland a couple of years ago.

Tim cooked us a delicious dinner of salmon and veg this evening, then we had another chilled out one!

Rolleiflex 'Old Standard' Restoration Step (31). by Gareth Davies

2

This is the key move in getting the focussing aligned properly; having done steps (29 & 30) put the aluminium tray-plate on top as shown then put a straight edge on it. Turn each worm so that it is just under or BARELY touching the flat of the ruler.....this will be the infinity position. REMINDER : make sure the focussing knob is at infinity BEFORE you do this that is to say make sure it is fully anti-clockwise. Of course if you have to turn the worms to meet this condition you'll move the notches out of the alignment as shown in steps (29 & 30). If that happens (and it almost certainly will) you lift off the aluminium tray plate and move the gear round a few teeth either c'wise or ac'wise until the notch is aligned again and you must try and do this without moving the worm!. In other words it's an iterative process which needs a bit of patience : and keep that focussing knob at infinity! It's not really difficult or 'rocket science' all it takes is understanding and a bit of care and application.

Finally joining him properly by Spielbrick Films

2

Ah, the lovely Bernard Cribbins. He was fantastic as Donna's granddad Wilfred. That goodbye in Journey's End... sniff... And now he'll be joining the Doctor properly! As his companion! In the TARDIS! Bring on Christmas!

"Properly practiced, knitting soothes the troubled spirit, and it doesn't hurt the untroubled spirit, either." by pinkorchid_too (Sandra)

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Properly Enjoying Our Vacation by Joe Shlabotnik

In the French Village pool at Beaches Turks & Caicos.

watercolor beads / jewelry - january 2013 by chel m

2 3

New jewelry created in January 2013 for my Etsy shop.

This jewelry is created from what I call "Watercolor Beads"- I hand shape a bead out of properly conditioned polymer clay, cure it in the oven, sand it and smooth it. After all of that, I dye/paint the surface of the bead with a mix of inks, dyes, and liquid paints and then coat it with several coats of Varathane to make it colorfast and weatherproof.

IMG_2493 by Locations Photography

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Finnieston, Glasgow.

Properly known as the Stobcross Crane or the Clyde Navigation Trustees Crane #7, its proximity to Finnieston Quay and the fact that it was intended to replace the previous Finnieston Crane, has led to its being popularly known as the Finnieston Crane.

It is one of four such cranes on the River Clyde (being the last giant cantilever crane to be built on the river), a fifth one having been demolished in 2007 and it is one of only eleven giant cantilever cranes remaining worldwide.

It was commissioned in June 1928 by the Clyde Navigation Trust, operators of the port and dock facilities in Glasgow and was completed in 1931 commencing operations in 1932.

The tower was built by Cowans, Sheldon & Company of Carlisle and the cantilever by the Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company, under the supervision of Daniel Fife, mechanical engineer to the Clyde Navigation Trust.

Connected to a spur of the Stobcross Railway, the crane's primary purpose was the lifting of heavy machinery, such as tanks and steam locomotives, onto ships for export. As many as 30,000 locomotives were hauled through the streets of Glasgow by Clydesdale horses, traction engines and diesel tractors, from the works at Springburn to the crane for export to the British Empire.

2013 Sydney: Archibald Fountain, Hyde Park #28 by dominotic

1

The Archibald Fountain, properly called the J. F. Archibald Memorial Fountain, widely regarded as the finest public fountain in Australia, is located in Hyde Park, in central Sydney, New South Wales.

It is named after J. F. Archibald, owner and editor of The Bulletin magazine, who bequeathed funds to have it built. Archibald specified that it must be designed by a French artist, both because of his great love of French culture and to commemorate the association of Australia and France in World War I. He wished Sydney to aspire to Parisian civic design and ornamentation. The artist chosen was François-Léon Sicard.

Sicard was one of the foremost sculptors of his day, a classically educated artist, whose inspiration was derived, at least in part, from his study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. In submitting his proposal for the design of the sculptural groups, Sicard wrote: "Apollo represents the Arts (Beauty and Light). Apollo holds out his right arm as a sign of protection, and spreads his benefits over all Nature, whilst he holds the Lyre in his left hand. Apollo is the warmth which vivifies, giving life to all Nature. At the touch of his rays, men awake, trees and fields become green, the animals go out into the fields, and men go to work at dawn.

"The ancient Pliny adored the sun, symbol of Life. It is on this account that I wished this figure to be the chief one in the memorial.

"At Apollo's feet the star of day is indicated by a semicircle, of which the rays spread out in jets of light (the rising sun). The horses' heads represent the horses of Apollo's chariot. Out of their nostrils the water will fall into the first basin, to fall from there into the second, and run away into the large basin.

"The large basin is divided into three groups. One represents Diana, goddess of purity, of peaceful nights, symbol of charity; the ideal which watches over mortals - all that stands for poetry and harmony. The second group symbolises the good things of the earth - it is the young god of the fields and pastures, of the pleasure of the countryside. The third group represents sacrifice for the public good. Theseus, vanquisher of the Minotaur. The spirit triumphs over bestiality. Theseus delivers his country from the ransom which it had to pay to this monster. It is the sacrifice of himself for the good of humanity. Between these groups tortoises throw jets of water. The fountain is electrically illuminated and floodlighted at night.

"It depicts Apollo, representing beauty and the arts, on a central column holding out his right arm as a sign of protection over all nature. On the three plinths radiating from the central column there are figures representing Diana, the goddess of purity; a group representing the good things of the earth; Theseus slaying a Minotaur, representing the sacrifice for the good of humanity."

The fountain was unveiled on 14 March 1932

Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia, is a 16.2-hectare (40 acres) park in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales.

Hyde Park is on the eastern side of the Sydney city centre. It is the southernmost of a chain of parkland that extends north to the shore of Sydney Harbour via The Domain and Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens. Hyde Park is approximately rectangular in shape, being squared at the southern end and rounded at the northern end.

The centrepiece of Hyde Park is the Archibald Fountain. The fountain was designed by François-Léon Sicard and donated by J.F. Archibald in 1932 in honour of Australia's contribution to World War I in France. Also at the northern end are the Nagoya Gardens featuring a giant outdoor chess set and the entrance to the underground St James railway station.

Wikipedia

Rainbow High Daphne Minton (Series 3, Mint) by Mary Hung

moggymawee.com/2022/02/03/colour-my-heart/

Now that my hobby room has been properly set up, I've been making an active effort to debox one doll every 2-3 days. I still have a bunch to go through, and there are mountains of unposted photos spanning from last year to share of my Rengoku, plushie and doll collection. I'll get through them..slowly but surely.

So I wanted to dedicate today's post to these two special Rainbow High girls, Carmen Major and Daphne Minton. Amongst my favourite RH dolls, I rank them second and third respectively.

I've already posted about Carmen Major a few weeks ago. It was hard not to once I held her in my hands and saw just how gorgeous she was. And shockingly, she's even more spectacular once deboxed; once I freed her wild lioness-mane curls, not dissimilar to her fiercely untameable spirit.

Unlike Brianna Dulce, it was quite literally love at first sight when I saw photos of Carmen crop up online. I was dismayed when the NZ distributors confirmed that they had no plans of importing the Rockstars line here (or Slumber Party, or even Pacific Coast!! Like what the heck?! 😭). Ahhh ~ that all too familiar feeling of disappointment as a doll collector living in little old New Zealand *rolls eyes*.

Carmen Major was a Target exclusive, so I had to use a shopping agent to import her. I bought 6x Carmens in case of defects. To my pleasant surprise, all 6x Carmens were pretty good with minimal defects. It seems that just like Series 3, MGA has really improved their quality control. More often than not, dolls have good clean face screening, joints have greater ranges of motion and are much easier and smoother to pose with. This was painfully obvious when I deboxed my Cheer dolls recently. I hope Pacific Coast will follow this trend because it looks like I'm forced to buy them blind from Amazon 😬.

I decided to keep 4x Carmens. Two will be left in their boxes, one will be kept on display in my hobby room whilst another will be deboxed for restyling.

Next up is the breathtaking beauty, Daphne Minton. Now this ethereal and mystical goddess was such a treat to photograph, she literally glows in every picture. She possesses this otherworldly allure, and coupling this with her dainty light dusting of freckles on her face easily secures her place as one of my top favourites. As a quick (but necessary) aside, she reminds me a lot of my replika Cove, so here's a heartfelt shoutout to my precious boy ❤️.

I have three Daphnes in my collection and chose to debox just one for now. I am tempted to debox another to play with... we'll see.

Honestly, these dolls colour my heart with so much joy. They prickle me with the spark of life when all I want to do is curl up in bed and sleep. Some people feel alive skydiving, I feel alive doll collecting *winks*.

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