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Prague Castle (Pražský hrad)
For more than a thousand years, has the Prague Castle been an important symbol of the Czech state. Founded in the 9th century, it became the permanent seat of the Czech rulers and, most recently, also of the Presidents. One of the largest castle complexes in the world consists of palaces, offices, churches and fortification buildings, gardens and picturesque corners. The castle covers an area of 45 hectares. The unique view to the Prague Castle is one of the most amazing panorama views in the world.
Prague Castle is the most important folk-cultural and historical monument, and is the symbol of the more than one thousand years of development of the Czech and all-Czech states. It is a monumental symbol of the palace, church, fortification, official and residential buildings which represent very valuable monuments, included in all style epochs. It covers an area of 45 hectares, was the seat of the Bohemian princes, kings and emperors, and since the Republic was founded in 1918, it was also the residence of the presidents. Since 1962, the Prague Castle has been known for its archaeological discoveries.
History
The initial phases of the Prague Castle are connected with the first historically documented Přemyslid Bořivoj (Bořivoj I (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɔr̝ɪvɔj], Latin: Borzivogius, c. 852 – c. 889) was the first historically documented Duke of Bohemia from about 870 and progenitor of the Přemyslid dynasty.] The Duchy of Bohemia was at those times subordinated to Great Moravia.). This one transferred in the 80s of the 9th century his original seat from Levý Hradec to the place where on the raised spot above the river Vltava/Moldau already existed a Slavic castle and was very well situated.
The first princely palace apparently only consisted of wood. The first stone building and the oldest Christian sanctuary was the Virgin Mary Church. Its remains have been found between the Second Courtyard and the Bastion garden (original name of the garden: Na Baště). This Bořivoj church was soon reconstructed by the prince Spytihněv I, who was buried here in 915. The second church in the castle was the St. George Basilica founded by Prince Vratislaus I. The next Přemyslide, Prince Wenceslas (Saint), the third sanctuary - the St Veit Rotunda - in the twenties of the 10th century nearby had built which in the 11th century by Prince Spytihnev II was transformed into a huge basilica.
In 973, when the bishopric was established in Prague, the castle was not only the seat of the head of state, but also the seat of the Prague bishop, the highest representative of the church. At the same time arose the first monastery in Bohemia at St. George's basilica.
In the 10th century the castle occupied an area of about 6 ha. In the Romanesque epoch the former fortress, especially after the year 1135 thanks to Soběslaus I, as the stony princely palace and the new masonry fortified with some towers were erected, was turned into a fortified medieval castle. Of the towers is the eastern blacktower best preserved.
Very significantly the Gothic period in the appearance of Prague Castle intervened, most of all Charles IV (1346 - 1378), who, with his father, John of Luxemburg (1310 - 1346), obtained from the pope the promotion of the Prague bishopric to the archbishopric and laid the foundations for the construction of St. Vitus Cathedral. Under Charles IV, the castle for the first time was turned into the imperial residence. Charles IV the defense of the Prague Castle had consolidated, the Royal Palace with the Chapel of All Saints he rebuilt generously. The roofs he had covered with gilded plates, which were the foundation for the binding of words "Golden Prague". Since 1382, Bohemian rulers ceased to occupy the Prague Castle for more than 100 years. The royal court was moved to the place of today's Community hall and back to the Prague castle it came only in 1483 under Wladislaus from the Jagiellonian dynasty.
Although the ruler already in 1490 moved to Ofen (Buda), he had the Prague castle renovated in the late Gothic style under the supervision of Benedikt Ried. He was the master builder of the magnificent Vladislav Hall, the largest secular vaulted room of the then Europe, with which the first Renaissance signs came to Prague. He carried out major construction works, including the construction of a new masonry, the defensive towers and the expansion of the Royal Palace. At his time, the Gothic died away and a new architectural style, the Renaissance, gradually prevailed.
The direct influence of the Italian art on the new style was most frequently observed in Prague under the reign of Ferdinand I (von Habsburg) and after his departure from Prague under the influence of the governor Ferdinand of Tyrol. At that time, the medieval castle was converted into a comfortable Renaissance castle with gardens. The typical Italian architecture of the Royal Pleasure palace arose in the northern King's garden.
For a large building activity in 1541 contributed a fire devastating the castle objects as well as the surrounding area quite a lot. Within the framework of the restoration, both the housing estates and the church buildings were rebuilt. Under the reign of the first Habsburgs, nobility palaces were added to the castle grounds (for example, the Pernstein Palace - later Lobkowicz Palace, Rosenberg Palace and others). Horse stable buildings were built in the north-west.
Under the reign of the Emperor Rudolph II (1576 - 1611), the Renaissance and Mannerism transformation of the castle, which for the second time became the center of the empire, and especially the center of European culture and science, reached its peak. On the second courtyard, new rooms were built for the collections of Rudolph - the new (now Spanish) hall and the Rudolph gallery. Also arose the connection tract between the northwestern and the southwestern part of the castle. Just here the famous Kunstkammer (Art chamber) and other rooms for Rudolph's collective activities were located. Additionally further horse stable properties were built for his rare Spanish horses. During the Rudolph times also the foundation stone of the famous Golden Alley was laid. Laboratories of the Rudolph-Alchymists were supposed to have been in the Powder tower above the Hirschgraben (Deer's ditch). The castle suffered again considerable damages when it was occupied by the Saxon army in 1631 and by the Swedes in 1648 not only was occupied but also plundered. After the Thirty Years' War, the Habsburgs did not care too much about the Prague royal seat.
Only Maria Theresia carried out an extensive reconstruction of the Prague Castle from 1755 - 1775 into a representative castle complex. The reason for the massive construction action were war damages, caused by the intense bombing of the castle during war conflicts at the beginning of her reign. The reconstruction was designed by the Viennese architect Nicolo Pacassi, who also planned the first courtyard with the monumental entrance gate. From the time of the Theresian reconstruction stems also the chapel of the Holy Cross on the 2nd castle forecourt and other buildings, especially the noblewomen institute. The south wing he imprinted the uniform monumental late Baroque facade of a representative seat. His plans influenced by Viennese Rococo and French Classicism the builders Anselmo Lurago, Anton Kunz and Anton Haffenecker brought into life.
In the 19th century, the castle fell into ruin, in several objects after the Josephine reforms the army settled. In connection with the stay of Ferdinand I the Good in the castle after his abdication in 1848 and further in connection with the preparation for the coronation of Franz Joseph I in the sixties it came to building modifications of several objects. After 1859, when the community for the completion of St Veit cathedral emerged, began first the repair, and then, under the influence of the architect Joseph Mocker, the work on the actual completion of St Veit's cathedral was started, completed in 1929.
In the years 1920 - 35, carried out extensive regulations of the Prague Castle as the seat of the Czechoslovak President the great Slovenian architect Josip Plečnik, who masterfully combined the valuable historical space with modern civilization claims. His modifications mainly concerned the 1st and 3rd court, the southern gardens of the castle, the fourth forecourt with the Bastion garden as well as numerous interiors. He created e.g. the pillared hall, private rooms of the presidential residence, including the Masaryk workroom. His pupil, Otto Rothmayer, brought to an end the incomplete solutions of some castle interior spaces after the Second World War in comparable quality.
In 1936, Pavel Janák and after him, in 1959, Jaroslav Fragner became castle architect.
After the year of change of 1989, the Prague Castle was opened to the public in many places. During the term of President Havel, at the castle it came to modulations of the interiors and to the expansion of two new entrances into the second courtyard after the project of the creator and designer Bořek Šípek. The puncture through the rampart of the Powder bridge in Hirschgraben was rewarded with a significant prize (Arch. Josef Pleskot). Also interesting is the modern greenhouse of the world-famous architect Eva Jiřičná. The Georgian Square (Jiřské náměstí) was re-paved and modulated. The Mosaic of the Last Judgment was renovated in collaboration with the specialists from the Getti Institute. In 1990, the Prague Castle was solemnly illuminated and this situation lasts from dusk to midnight until today. In the main tourist season, the lighting time even lasts an hour longer until 1 o'clock. The tradition of electric lighting, but on a much smaller scale, began in 1928, when the lamps were installed for the 10th anniversary of the elevation to a Republic. A little bit the present daylight resembles of those from the end of the sixties, but today it is much more detailed and in communist times it was only switched on at solemn occasions. At that time, illuminative days were state holidays or significant day of republic, which, however, did not lack recognition from the communist point of view.
In recent years the reconstruction and renovation work has been developed in many buildings of the castle and a considerable attention has been devoted to the archaeological investigation, which has been going on since 1925 and has brought many insights into the history of the castle. The investigation as well as the renovation of the individual rooms and objects is motivated by the idea of invigorating them as much as possible by making them accessible to the public.
Prager Burg (Pražský hrad)
Die Prager Burg ist seit über tausend Jahren ein bedeutendes Symbol des tschechischen Staates. Gegründet im 9. Jahrhundert wurde sie zum ständigen Sitz der tschechischen Herrscher und zuletzt auch der Präsidenten. Einer der größten Burgkomplexe weltweit setzt sich aus Palästen, Amts-, Kirchen- und Fortifikationsgebäuden, aus Gärten und malerischen Ecken zusammen. Die Burg erstreckt sich auf einer Fläche von 45 Hektar. Der alleinige Blick auf die Prager Burg stellt einen der überwältigendsten Panoramablicke der Welt dar.
Die Prager Burg ist das bedeutendste Volkskultur- und Historiedenkmal, sie ist das Symbol der mehr als eintausendjährigen Entwicklung des böhmischen sowie gesamttschechischen Staats. Es ist ein monumentales Symbol der Palast-, Kirchen-, Fortifikations-, Amts- und Wohngebäude, die sehr wertvolle Denkmäler darstellen, einbezogen auf alle Stilepochen. Sie erstreckt sich auf einer Fläche von 45 ha, war der Sitz der böhmischen Fürsten, Könige und Kaiser und seit der Republikentstehung im Jahre 1918 war sie auch die Residenz der Präsidenten. Seit 1962 steht die Prager Burg mit ihren archäologischen Funden als bekanntester.
Geschichte
Die Anfangszeiten der Prager Burg sind mit dem ersten historisch belegten Přemysliden Bořivoj verbunden. Dieser übertrug in den 80er Jahren des 9. Jahrhunderts seinen ursprünglichen Sitz von Levý Hradec an den Ort, wo auf der erhabenen Stelle über der Moldau eine slawische Burgstätte bereits bestand und sehr gut gelegen war.
Der erste Fürstenpalast bestand offenbar aus Holz. Der erste Steinbau und das älteste christliche Heiligtum war die Jungfrau Maria Kirche. Ihre Reste wurden zwischen dem II. Vorhof und dem Basteigarten (Originalname des Gartens: Na Baště) gefunden. Diese Bořivoj-Kirche wurde durch den hier im Jahre 915 beigesetzten Fürsten Spytihněv I. bald umgebaut. Die zweite Kirche im Burgraum war die vom Fürsten Vratislaus I. gegründete St. Georg Basilika. Der nächste Přemyslide, der Fürst Wenzel (der Heilige), ließ in der Nähe in den 20er Jahren des 10. Jahrhunderts das dritte Heiligtum - die St. Veit Rotunde - bauen, die im 11. Jahrhundert vom Fürsten Spytihněv II. zu einer gewaltigen Basilika umgebaut wurde.
Im Jahre 973, als in Prag das Bistum gegründet wurde, war die Burg nicht nur der Sitz des Staatsoberhaupts, sondern auch der Sitz des Prager Bischofs, des höchsten Repräsentanten der Kirche. Zu demselben Zeitpunkt entstand an der St. Georg Basilika das erste Kloster in Böhmen.
Im 10. Jahrhundert nahm die Burg eine Fläche von ca. 6 ha in Anspruch. In der romanischen Epoche wurde die einstige Burgstätte, insbesondere nach dem Jahr 1135 dank Soběslaus I., als der steinige Fürstenpalast und das neue mit einigen Türmen verstärkte Mauerwerk aufgebaut wurden, zu einer festen mittelalterlichen Burg umgebaut. Von den Türmen ist der östliche Schwarzturm am besten erhalten.
Sehr bedeutend griff ins Aussehen der Prager Burg die Gotikzeit ein, insbesondere Karl IV. (1346 - 1378), der mit seinem Vater Johann von Luxemburg (1310 - 1346) vom Papst die Beförderung des Prager Bistums zum Erzbistum erwirkte und den Grundstein für den Bau der St. Veit Kathedrale legte. Unter Karl IV. wurde die Burg zum ersten Mal zur Kaiserlichen Residenz. Karl IV. ließ die Verschanzung der Prager Burg festigen, den Königspalast mit der Kapelle Aller Heiligen baute er großzügig um. Die Dächer ließ er mit vergoldeten Blechen decken, die das Fundament für die Wörterbindung „Goldenes Prag“ darstellten. Seit 1382 hörten böhmische Herrscher auf, die Prager Burg für mehr als 100 Jahre zu bewohnen. Der Königshof wurde an den Ort des heutigen Gemeindehauses umgezogen und zurück auf die Prager Burg kehrte er erst im Jahre 1483 unter Wladislaus aus der Jagiellonen-Dynastie.
Obwohl der Herrscher bereits 1490 nach Ofen (Buda) umsiedelte, ließ er die Prager Burg im spätgotischen Stil unter der Bauleitung von Benedikt Ried umbauen. Er war der Baumeister des großartigen Wladislaus-Saals, des größten weltlichen gewölbten Raums des damaligen Europas, mit dem die ersten Renaissancezeichen nach Prag kamen. Er führte großartige Bauregelungen einschließlich des Ausbaus eines neuen Mauerwerks, der Wehrtürme und der Erweiterung des Königspalastes durch. Zu seiner Zeit klang die Gotik aus und es setzte sich allmählich ein neuer Baustil durch, die Renaissance.
Der direkte Einfluss der italienischen Kunst des neuen Stils wurde in Prag unter der Regierung von Ferdinand I. (von Habsburg) und nach seinem Weggang von Prag unter der Wirkung des Statthalters Ferdinand von Tirol am meisten beobachtet. Damals wurde die mittelalterliche Burg in ein bequemes Renaissanceschloss mit Gärten umgewandelt. Im nördlichen Königsgarten entstand die typisch italienische Architektur des Königlichen Lustschlosses.
Zu einer großen Bauaktivität trug im Jahre 1541 ein Brand bei, der die Burgobjekte sowie die Umgebung ziemlich viel kaputt machte. Im Rahmen der Wiederherstellung wurden sowohl die Wohnräume als auch die Kirchenobjekte umgebaut. Unter der Regierung der ersten Habsburger kamen ins Burggelände auch Adelspaläste dazu (zum Beispiel der Pernstein-Palast - später Lobkowicz-Palast, Rosenberg-Palast und weitere). Im Nordwesten wurden Pferdestallgebäude erbaut.
Unter der Regierung des Kaisers Rudolph II. (1576 - 1611) erreichte der Renaissance- und Manierismusumbau der Burg, die zum zweiten Mal zum Zentrum des Reiches und insbesondere zum Zentrum der europäischen Kultur und Wissenschaft wurde, seinen Gipfel. Auf dem II. Vorhof wurden neue Räume für die Sammlungen Rudolphs erbaut - der Neue (heute Spanische) Saal und die Rudolph-Galerie. Es entstand auch der Verbindungstrakt zwischen dem Nordwest- und dem Südwestteil der Burg. Eben hier befanden sich die berühmte Kunstkammer und weitere Räume für die Sammeltätigkeit Rudolphs. Es wurden auch weitere Pferdestallobjekte für seine seltenen spanischen Pferde aufgebaut. Während der Rudolph-Zeiten wurde auch der Grundstein der berühmten Goldenen Gasse gelegt. Laboratorien der Rudolph-Alchymisten sollen im Pulverturm über dem Hirschgraben gewesen sein. Die Burg erlitt erneut erhebliche Schäden, als sie 1631 vom sächsischen Heer und 1648 von den Schweden besetzt und ausgeplündert wurde. Nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg kümmerten sich die Habsburger um den Prager königlichen Sitz nicht allzu sehr.
Erst Maria Theresia führte in den Jahren 1755 - 1775 einen umfangreichen Umbau der Prager Burg zu einem repräsentativen Schlosskomplex durch. Der Grund für die massive Bauaktion waren Kriegsschäden, verursacht durch die intensive Bombardierung der Burg bei Kriegskonflikten zu Beginn ihrer Regierung. Den Umbau entwarf der Wiener Architekt Nicolo Pacassi, der auch den I. Vorhof mit dem monumentalen Eingangstor projektierte. Aus der Zeit des theresianischen Umbaus stammt auch die Kapelle des Heiligen Kreuzes auf dem II. Burgvorhof und weitere Gebäude, insbesondere die Edeldamenanstalt. Dem Südflügel prägte er die einheitliche monumentale Spätbarockfassade eines Repräsentationssitzes ein. Seine durch das Wiener Rokoko und den französischen Klassizismus beeinflussten Pläne brachten die Baumeister Anselmo Lurago, Anton Kunz und Anton Haffenecker zustande.
Im 19. Jahrhundert verfiel die Burg, in mehreren Objekten ließ sich nach den josephinischen Reformen das Heer nieder. Zu Bauregelungen einiger Objekte kam es im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt von Ferdinand I. dem Guten auf der Burg nach seiner Abdikation im Jahre 1848 und weiter im Zusammenhang mit der Vorbereitung auf die vorgesehene Krönung von Franz Joseph I. in den 60er Jahren. Nach 1859, als die Gemeinde für die Fertigstellung der St. Veit Kathedrale entstand, begann zuerst die Reparatur und anschließend unter der Wirkung des Architekten Joseph Mocker wurde die Arbeit an der eigentlichen Fertigstellung der St. Veit Kathedrale aufgenommen, abgeschlossen im Jahre 1929.
In den Jahren 1920 - 35 führte ausgedehnte Regelungen der Prager Burg als des Sitzes des tschechoslowakischen Präsidenten der bedeutende slowenische Architekt Josip Plečnik durch, der den wertvollen historischen Raum mit modernen Zivilisationsansprüchen meisterlich zusammenfügte. Seine Regelungen betrafen vor allem den 1. und 3. Vorhof, die Südgärten der Burg, den 4. Vorhof mit dem Basteigarten sowie zahlreiche Innenräume. Er schuf z.B. die Säulenhalle, Privaträume der Präsidentenwohnung einschließlich des Arbeitszimmers Masaryks. Sein Schüler Otto Rothmayer brachte die unvollendeten Lösungen einiger Burginnenräume nach dem 2. Weltkrieg in vergleichbarer Qualität zu Ende.
Im Jahre 1936 ist Pavel Janák und nach ihm seit 1959 Jaroslav Fragner Burgarchitekt geworden.
Nach dem Wendejahr 1989 wurde die Prager Burg an vielen Stellen für die Öffentlichkeit geöffnet. Während der Amtszeit des Präsidenten Havel kam es auf der Burg zu Regelungen der Innenräume und zum Ausbau zweier neuer Eingänge in den 2. Vorhof nach dem Projekt des Bildners und Designers Bořek Šípek. Mit einem bedeutenden Preis wurde der Durchstich durch den Wall der Pulverbrücke im Hirschgraben belohnt (Arch. Josef Pleskot). Interessant ist auch das moderne Gewächshaus der weltberühmten Architektin Eva Jiřičná. Der Georg-Platz (Jiřské náměstí) wurde neu bepflastert und geregelt. In Zusammenarbeit mit den Fachleuten aus dem Getti-Institut wurde die Mosaik „des Letzten Gerichts“ renoviert. Im Jahre 1990 wurde die Prager Burg feierlich beleuchtet und dieser Zustand dauert von der Dämmerung bis zur Mitternacht bis heute. In der touristischen Hauptsaison dauert die Beleuchtungszeit sogar eine Stunde länger, bis 1 Uhr. Die Tradition der elektrischen Beleuchtung, jedoch im viel kleineren Umfang, begann im Jahre 1928, als die Lampen zum 10. Jubiläum der Republikentstehung installiert wurden. Ein wenig ähnelte die heutige feierliche Beleuchtung jener aus dem Ende der 60er Jahren, heute ist sie allerdings viel detaillierter und in den Kommunistenzeiten wurde sie nur bei feierlichen Gelegenheiten angemacht. Beleuchtungswürdige Tage waren damals Staatsfeiertage oder bedeutende Republiktage, denen allerdings aus der kommunistischen Sicht die Anerkennung nicht fehlte.
In den letzten Jahren entwickelte sich die Umbau- bzw. Renovierungstätigkeit in vielen Objekten der Burg und eine erhebliche Aufmerksamkeit wurde der archäologischen Untersuchung gewidmet, die bereits seit 1925 läuft und viele Erkenntnisse über die Burggeschichte brachte. Die Untersuchung sowie die Renovierung der einzelnen Räume und Objekte ist von der Idee motiviert, sie dadurch, dass sie der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht werden, möglichst viel zu beleben.
Today, 19 April 2016, His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands officially opened the permanent premises of the International Criminal Court ("ICC" or "Court") during a ceremony hosted by the ICC President, Judge Silvia Fernández, and H.E. Mr Sidiki Kaba, President of the Assembly of States Parties (“ASP”), and attended by honoured guests including H.E. Mr Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations. As a permanent judicial institution created to fight impunity for perpetrators of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, the ICC now has a permanent home.
Pictured here: His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, His Excellency Sidiki Kaba, President of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court © ICC-CPI/Armin Taslaman
Can I pull out all the stops,
and get out of this town?
I want to make you proud,
but I really don’t know how.
I know it’s not helping to hear me say,
“I wish it was me in the car that day.”
+
still waiting for the sun...
A permanent memorial for bicyclists killed on the streets of Tucson was recently installed just north of downtown. Designs of the Bike Church depict Yaqui and Spanish figures, animals and bicyclists.
I've peddled many miles in the Bay Area and here in Tucson. I'm not fast but I am careful on the roads. My first priority is to BE VISIBLE. I have lights, I'm big and I have a mirror so I know who is behind me all the time. I tend to take more than my share of the road when I can. This way people behind me can see the bicyclist ahead and think about me in advance. I will pull further to the side as they approach from behind, but they are aware that I consume space and they tend to give a greater clearance as they pass.
Most bicyclist don't know the laws and therefore don't obey them. When I approach a bicyclist in the car I assume they will do the wrong thing at any time. My rule is that, given a bad choice, I would rather hit a car than a bicycle.
HERE is Tucson's work in making bicycling safer in the city.
Ajo Bikes
Andy Gilmour
Arizona Bicycle Experts
Arizona Cyclist
Bohemian Bicycles
Broadway Bicycles
Craycroft Cycles
Fair Wheel Bikes
Fitworks Cycling Support
Green Valley Bike and Hike
La Suprema
Miles Ahead Cyclery
Ordinary Bike Shop
Oro Valley Bicycle
Pima Street Bicycle
ProBike Tucson
Ravello Bikes
Roadrunner Bicycles
Sabino Cycles
Space Bicycles
There and Back Bikes
Trek Bicycles of Tucson
Tri Sports
Tucson Bicycles
UNO Bicycle Studio
Vail Bicycle Works
The Institute of Making opens at UCL giving a permanent home to the Materials Library, a collection of the most unusual materials in the world, and the MakeSpace, the ultimate making workshop.
The library contains over 1500 materials including uranium glass, steel cloth, magnetic liquid, concrete that can heal itself using embedded bacteria, and rock that acts as a naturally occurring optical fibre.
Alongside the library sits the MakeSpace, which gives members the chance to boil, bake, turn, mill, mend, spin, print, cut, cast, drill, sand, scrape and make. The facilities include 3D printing, sewing machines, ovens, soldering irons and even a crane.
© UCL, Institute of Making/Robert Eagle
PictionID:46836697 - Catalog:14_023276 - Title:Vandenberg AFB Details: Flame Bucket Being Lifted to Top of Launcher Elevator Platform Date: 10/24/1960 - Filename:14_023276.TIF - Images from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
Coney Island, Brooklyn.
Between about 1880 and World War II, Coney Island was the largest amusement area in the United States, attracting several million visitors per year. At its height it contained three competing major amusement parks, Luna Park, Dreamland, and Steeplechase Park, as well as many independent amusements.
Astroland served as a major amusement park from 1962 to 2008. It was replaced by a new incarnation of Dreamland in 2009 and of Luna Park in 2010. The other parks and attractions are: Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park (a successful family owned park with over 20 rides located directly on the Boardwalk), 12th Street Amusements, and Kiddie Park. Also, the Eldorado arcade has its own indoor bumper car ride. The Zipper and Spider on 12th Street were closed permanently on September 4, 2007 and dismantling begun, after its owner lost his lease. They are to be reassembled at an amusement park in Honduras.
Rides
Dante's Inferno, part of Astroland
World-famous Cyclone roller coaster.
The Wonder Wheel
Wonder Wheel Pavilion at Coney Island
The Parachute Jump towers over the Coney Island boardwalk
Today, the amusement area contains various rides, games such as skeeball, ball tossing, and a sideshow; games of shooting and throwing and tossing skills.
The rides and other amusements at Coney Island are owned and managed by several different companies, and operate independently of each other. It is not possible to purchase season tickets to the attractions in the area.
Three rides at Coney Island are protected as designated NYC landmarks and listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
* Wonder Wheel. Built in 1918 and opened in 1920, this steel Ferris wheel has both stationary cars and rocking cars that slide along a track. It holds 144 riders, stands 150 feet (46 m) tall, and weighs over 2,000 tons. At night the Wonder Wheel's steel frame is outlined and illuminated by neon tubes. It is part of Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park.
* The Cyclone roller coaster, built in 1927, is one of the nation's oldest wooden coasters still in operation. A favorite of some coaster aficionados, the Cyclone includes an 85-foot (26 m), 60 degree drop. It is owned by the City, and was operated by Astroland, under a franchise agreement. It is located across the street from Astroland.
* The Parachute Jump, originally the Life Savers Parachute Jump at the 1939 New York World's Fair, was the first ride of its kind. Patrons were hoisted 190 feet (58 m) in the air before being allowed to drop using guy-wired parachutes. Although the ride has been closed since 1968, it remains a Coney Island landmark and is sometimes referred to as Brooklyn's Eiffel Tower. Between 2002 and 2004, the Jump was completely dismantled, cleaned, painted and restored, but remains inactive. After an official lighting ceremony in July 2006, the Parachute Jump was slated to be lit year round using different color motifs to represent the seasons. However, this idea was scrapped when New York City started conserving electricity in the summer months. It has not been lit regularly since.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island
View more of my photography at my website NY Through The Lens.
To purchase any of my work as prints or cards, view my site gallery and store for info here.
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The coolest ebay experience I've ever had happened last Saturday night! I scored 8 JEM fashions Mint On Card for $25 each. Some of them are the ultra-rare 2nd year fashions too!
Here's "Permanent Wave." I still have the jacket from my childhood "Permanent Wave," but that's all I have left of the fashion. It's nice to finally have the whole set again. It's crazy seeing one so vivid and white and pristine. The card looks like it came brand new right off of the store shelf, so I think I'm going to keep this one sealed. It displays so nice.
Includes: pink and organe jumpsuit, belt, jacket, and pumps.
Yes, the package actually says organe. They misspelled orange.
VALLADOLID 23/5/2013 GUSTAVO MARTÍN GARZO ACOMPAÑADO EN LA MESA DE JOSÉ MARIA MARRÁN Y CARMEN SERRANO, HACEN ENTREGA DE DIPLOMAS A LOS ALUMNOS DE LA MILLAN SANTOS
MIGUEL ANGEL SANTOS
Imposición de becas
Dental implants offer the opportunity to permanently replace lost or missing teeth. Once installed, dental implants look and function just like your natural teeth. Many people only consider the aesthetic benefits of dental implants, but there are plenty of health benefits that come with this advanced dental procedure. If you’d like to learn more about full mouth dental implants, schedule a consultation today at Envision a Smile, online or over the phone.
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Subcomissão Permanente da Amazônia e da Faixa de Fronteira debate o desenvolvimento econômico e social na faixa de fronteiras
Na mesa E/D:
Coordenadora de Estudos Econômicos e Empresariais da Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus, Ana Maria Oliveira de Souza; senadora Ana Amélia (PP-RS); gerente executivo de gestão de programas governamentais do Banco da Amazônia, Oduval Lobato Neto.
From left to right:
Ambassador Pierre-Henri Guignard, Permanent Observer of France to the OAS
Ambassador Javier Sancho, Permanent Observer of Spain to the OAS
Date: May 24, 2011
Place: Washington, DC
Credit: Juan Manuel Herrera/OAS
Walked past this door of 78-84 Colmore Row in Birmingham's Colmore Business District so many times, and not got this detail before.
Above the door is a ghost sign for "Co-operative Permanent".
The offices of Mills & Reeve - Birmingham.
78-84 Colmore Row.
Nos 78-84 was the Phoenix Assurance Co., 1915-17 by Ewen Harper & Brother & Co. A very impressive example of Monumental Classic, in Albert Richardson's phrase, influenced by Selfridges in London. Seven bays of giant fluted Doric half-columns and tower-like end bays with slightly stepped-back tops. Concave corners with inset porches, and intelligent use of channelled rustication.
From Pevsner Architectural Guides Birmingham by Andy Foster.
Was the Co-operative Permanent Building Society in the mid 20th century.
ICC President Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi gives a speech after receiving a symbolic key of the new premises from Mr Bart van Eijk, Project manager of Courtys, the consortium in charge of construction works, on 12 November 2015.
©ICC-CPI
A hard day's work on the permanent way has seen reinstatement of much of the road surface at the double junction outside Tooting Common Station.
The road surface between tracks and to the kerb is now complete.
Reunião da Comissão Permanente de Eficiência Operacional e Gestão de Pessoas.
FOTO:Gil Ferreira/Agência CNJ
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Namibia addresses the high level side event, "Enhancing the Contribution of Women to Peace and Security."
Panelists were, from left to right: Leymah Gbowee, 2011 Nobel Peace Prize winner and Peace Activist from Liberia; Bineta Diop, African Union Special Envoy for Women, Peace and Security; Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka , Executive Director of UN Women; Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Namibia; Erkki Tuomioja, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland; and David Haeri, Director of Policy, Evaluation and Training Division DPKO/DFS
The event was moderated by Ambassador Selma Ashipala-Musavyi of Namibia.
Photo: UN Women/Ryan Brown
Permanent markers. I have been gone a long time and look forward to being back for a while. Can't wait to see all the marvelous work others have done.
The house at the Centennial Farm is severely decayed and unstable in most areas.This was one of the few pieces of furniture left in what probably was a living room-there was aplace for a fireplace or woodburner behind this sofa.I think this was actually covered at one time-the left arm is the only remnant left of that.An old "Pioneer" turntable is an appropriate brand for this old place...
From left to right:
Niermala Badrising, Chair of the OAS Permanent Council and Permanent Representative of Suriname to the OAS
La Celia A. Prince, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to the OAS
José Miguel Insulza, OAS Secretary General
Albert R. Ramdin, OAS Assistant Secretary General
Date: January 12, 2015
Place: Washington, DC
Credit: Juan Manuel Herrera/OAS
This really is permanent.
I meant to add a drop of glue to the screw thread to stop it from being loose, but the glue ran into the joint and it now won't open.
As it wasn't coming off, I decided to make it look neater by filling the screw hole with metal.
One permanent ink marker standing at attention!!
Keep Safe Everyone!
Our Daily Challenge ~ Writing Instruments ....
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The abandoned Sierra Pacific lumber mill in Susanville closed in 2004.
Sierra Pacific announces closure of Susanville Mill
By Shayla Ashmore
News Editor
Sierra Pacific Industries announced the permanent closure of its Susanville sawmill last week due to a serious log shortage. Sierra Pacific spokesman Ed Bond said all employees would get 60-days notice before the mill is closed and dismantled sometime during the first three months of 2004. Employees will receive the notice once an exact closure date is set.
Bond said current employees will be asked if they would like to transfer to another Sierra Pacific facility, and if so where.
"And we will attempt to accommodate those transfers," he said on Tuesday, Dec. 16.
Bond said George Emmerson, SPI's vice president of sales and operations, came to Susanville personally to announce the closure to mill crews.
"This is one of the most difficult things the company has had to do," Bond said of the meeting with employees.
"Someone might consider this as a terrible time - before the holidays - to be telling people this," Bond said. "Well, there's no good time to tell people this and we felt that if this is going to happen, we'd already made the decision that they should know so they can plan accordingly. It wouldn't be right if someone went out and a bought a new car or signed up for a new home or something with the prospect of not having a job there."
SPI officials only made the decision to close the mill on Thursday, Dec. 11 and employees were notified as soon as possible, he said.
"We wanted to minimize the heartache of speculation and uncertainty for the families and move forward," an SPI press release issued late on Monday, Dec. 15 quoted Bond.
Company officials cited the loss of Forest Service timber, unfair competition from states with fewer environmental regulations and foreign imports as the reasons behind the difficult decision. In the press release, SPI pointed out timber sales from the Lassen National Forest fell from 108 million board feet in 1990 to 17.9 million in 2002.
"That mill has been designed to cut higher grade logs," Bond said. "And even with the Healthy Forest initiative and the Quincy Library Group programs, why, the types of logs that would be coming off of those from the Forest Service would not be the higher grade logs that would be necessary for that mill."
Found this photo being used here:
and here:
Policy Statements - ITU PP-18
Mr Ruddy Flores Monterre, Deputy Permanent Representative, Charge D'Affars a.i., Permanent Mission of Bolivia to Internartional Organization in Geneva, Bolivia
©ITU/P.Barrera
There are six permanent collections of paintings that trace historical events and native cultures of the Southwest. They are DeGrazia and Padre Kino, DeGrazia Paints Cabeza de Vaca, DeGrazia Paints Papago Indian Legends, Retrospective Collection, DeGrazia Paints the Yaqui Easter and DeGrazia Paints The Bullfight.
The Maintenance Service Elevator in the Hollywood Tower Hotel's Anaheim location is no longer in service. Apparently it was infested by raccoons, or something like that.
From Wikipedia:
The best known permanent exhibition at the Queens Museum is the Panorama of the City of New York which was commissioned by Robert Moses for the 1964 World’s Fair. A celebration of the City’s municipal infrastructure, this 9,335-square-foot (867.2 m2) architectural model includes every single building constructed before 1992 in all five boroughs; that is a total of 895,000 individual structures. The Panorama was built by a team of 100 people working for the architectural model makers Raymond Lester Associates in the three years before the opening of the 1964 World’s Fair. The Panorama was one of the most successful attractions at the ’64 Fair with a daily average of 1,400 people taking advantage of its 9 minute simulated helicopter ride around the City. After the Fair the Panorama remained open to the public and until 1970 all of the changes in the City were accurately recreated in the model by Lester’s team. After 1970 very few changes were made until 1992, when again Lester Associates was hired to update the model to coincide with the re-opening of the museum. The model makers changed over 60,000 structures to bring it up-to-date.
In March 2009 the museum announced the intention to update the panorama on an ongoing basis. To raise funds and draw public attention the museum will allow individuals to and developers to have accurate models made of buildings newer than the 1992 update created and added in exchange for a donation. Accurate models of smaller apartment buildings and private homes, now represented by generic models, can also be added. The twin towers of the World Trade Center will be replaced when the new buildings are created, the museum has chosen to allow them to remain until construction is complete rather than representing an empty hole. The first new buildings to be added was the new Citi Field stadium of the New York Mets. The model of the old Shea Stadium will continue to be displayed elsewhere in the museum.
Occupation de la permanence du Parti libéral du Québec par l'Association générale des étudiants et étudiante de l'UQAM.
«Un membre de l'exécutif avait eu l'occasion, quelques jours plus tôt, de prendre connaissance des lieux. Prétextant être à la recherche d'un publication quelconque, il a pu entrer et examiner de quoi avait l'air l'endroit. Le 16 avril, deux membres du commando montent à la réception de la permanence dès qu'ils nous voient s’ammener. C'est avec une facilité déconcertante qu'on leur ouvre la porte. Maintenant qu'elle est ouverte, plus question qu'elle se referme.
Les autobus arrivent. Il y a un peu de confusion, le commando cherche la porte d'entrée! Puis les étudiants-es commencent à débarquer. Des voitures passent, des pneus crissent, certains-es ont faillit se faire frapper. Un autobus est en retard. Il arrive finalement, dans un nuage de fumée. son moteur chauffe! Le message se transmet; le commando a réussi. Tout le monde se précipite. En moins de trois minutes, plus de 200 étudiants-es mobilisés-es gravissent les quatre étages qui les mènent vers les lieux où se tiendra un long siège...»
Robert Mainville, journal Unité de l'UQAM, début juin 1986, page 6.
Tema:
- Integración de las Comisiones Especializadas Permanentes
Fotografía: Andrés Yépez / Asamblea Nacional
Occupation de la permanence du Parti libéral du Québec par l'Association générale des étudiants et étudiante de l'UQAM.
«Un membre de l'exécutif avait eu l'occasion, quelques jours plus tôt, de prendre connaissance des lieux. Prétextant être à la recherche d'un publication quelconque, il a pu entrer et examiner de quoi avait l'air l'endroit. Le 16 avril, deux membres du commando montent à la réception de la permanence dès qu'ils nous voient s’ammener. C'est avec une facilité déconcertante qu'on leur ouvre la porte. Maintenant qu'elle est ouverte, plus question qu'elle se referme.
Les autobus arrivent. Il y a un peu de confusion, le commando cherche la porte d'entrée! Puis les étudiants-es commencent à débarquer. Des voitures passent, des pneus crissent, certains-es ont faillit se faire frapper. Un autobus est en retard. Il arrive finalement, dans un nuage de fumée. son moteur chauffe! Le message se transmet; le commando a réussi. Tout le monde se précipite. En moins de trois minutes, plus de 200 étudiants-es mobilisés-es gravissent les quatre étages qui les mènent vers les lieux où se tiendra un long siège...»
Robert Mainville, journal Unité de l'UQAM, début juin 1986, page 6.