View allAll Photos Tagged perishable
I was cutting my papaya this morning and after taking my class with Anemone (Beauty in transience), I had to do something with my cut-outs.
Love my "papaya" ring !! :D
L: A–11822, Apache water bottle basket (twined, material unidentified, H: 203 mm); excavated in 1952 from Pine Flat cave in Graham Co., Ariz., by the Point of Pines field school. See Gifford, ‘Archaeological explorations,’ Fig. 137.
R: A–17097, Mogollon pot rest (twill-plaited, bear grass, W: 121 mm); excavated in 1955 from Red Bow cliff dwelling in Graham Co., Ariz., by the Point of Pines field school. See Gifford, ‘Archaeological explorations,’ Fig. 69.
Manila, Philippines – The All in One Logistics Network (AiO) just celebrated their inaugural Annual General Meeting (AGM) in the Philippines. As this was a special occasion, both members and non-members were invited to attend. Although there were no attendees physically on site from the Americas, the attendees from Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia were very well represented.
The meeting began on the eve of September 13th at the Makati Shangri-La with a cocktail party to register and welcome everybody. The cocktail party also acted as an ice-breaker of sorts, allowing everyone to mingle at their own pace while making that all important first impression. Everyone was smiling, laughing and, perhaps most importantly, just plain having a good time together.
On the morning of September 14th, The real AGM began. After a quick registration, it was time to move onto the presentations portion of the AGM.
Presenters were:
•Gary Dale Cearley, Managing Director, Advanced International Networks Ltd (AIN) / Executive Director, All-in-One Logistics Network (AiO)
•Dominic Harrington, Managing Director, D&S Harrington (Australia)
•Ahsanullah Momen, CEO, Ease Logistics (Bangladesh)
•Tom K. De Vera, General Manager, EMCS (Philippines) - Presented a video on the Philippines
After a break for lunch, the attendees went straight into their one-to-one meetings which were, at a distance, quite lively. Even the people who had an open block, soon grew restless and sought out other companies to share details. The 30 minute blocks of time flew by until it was time to break and prepare for the evening’s banquet which was also held at the Makati Shangri-La.
The final day of the AiO AGM took place on September 15th and, aside from a lunch break, entailed a rigorous gauntlet of one-to-one meetings. The attendees never tired, being fuelled by coffee and snacks, made the most of each minute. The success of an AGM comes chiefly from the efforts and enthusiasm of the attendees. Judging from the cooperation of all involved, this inaugural AiO AGM was hands down and without a doubt a big success.
"In all the years that I have been in the international logistics networking business this was far and away the best network launching AGM I have had the pleasure to be a part of," said Gary Dale Cearley, Executive Director of the All-in-One Logistics Network. "Everything came together. I was proud of the quality of membership and how they took to making business with one another. It is a clear sign of being on the right path."
“I couldn’t be more pleased with this event, my colleagues, and the attendees,” added Trevis J. Cunningham AIN Events Coordinator, “I think we hit the sweet spot by not having too few or too many attendees. We not only earned new business opportunities, but more importantly gained new lifelong friends.”
Red Wolf Global, (Philippines and Thailand), was the event's Admiral sponsor. World Line Logistics (India), was a signage sponsor. Corporate sponsors were Volga-Dnepr Group and Wisetech Global. The dates and location of the 2016 AiO AGM will be announced in the near future.
REFRIGERATOR CARS
Before the development of electricity and modern-day refrigeration, perishable foodstuffs could only be transported short distances. The railroad refrigerator car changed that.
Nicknamed reefers, these insulated boxcars were built with spaces in each end called bunkers into which huge blocks of ice were loaded through roof hatches. Ventilators allowed air to circulate over the ice
and throughout the car, keeping its cargo cool. Fresh products such as fruit, vegetables, meats and seafood
could be shipped all over the country, opening up new markets and greatly diversifying people's diets.
Breweries also took early advantage of refrigerator cars, After Prohibition ended in 1933, a number of brewing companies began advertising their beer on the sides of refrigerator cars. Locally, the Coors Brewing Company leased 30 cars and turned them into billboard reefers, Breweries didn't own their own rail cars, so one odd effect of this practice was that cars bearing the name of one company might actually carry a competitor's product on track owned by neither company. The story of billboard reefers became even more complex when companies advertising on the outside of the cars tried to collect a fee from the companies that owned the cargo on the inside of the car. Deemed too complex and a violation of federal law, billboard reefers were outlawed in 1937.
Ice-cooling was replaced with mechanical refrigeration in the 1960s.
Railroad workers load ice into bunkers. Producing, storing and delivering ice to railroads was big industry.
Meat was the only foodstuff carried in this car. Meat and produce cars could not be substituted for each other because of concerns of cross-contamination.
Refrigerated cars were originally made of wood, as this one is. In winter, these insulated cars carried portable kerosene heaters to keep the contents from freezing, making them temperature controlled cars rather than just refrigerated cars.
This ice-cooled refrigerator car was owned by American Refrigerator Transit Company, a jointly owned subsidiary of the Missouri Pacific and Wabash railroads.
This car is cooled by diesel-powered mechanical refrigeration. There are many of these in use today, used to carry produce as well as frozen foods.
Modern Refrigerator cars are made of steel and use mechanical refrigeration that can be monitored and adjusted remotely by satellite.
All the original Coors cars are gone now. Refrigerated boxcar ADCX 5400 is similar to the original wooden Coors cars and was painted by the Museum, with assistance frm the Coors Brewing Company.
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Colorado Railroad Museum
Golden, CO
Brice and Melody Colcombe Wedding Trip
Central wholesale markets, established by local governments under the Wholesale Market Law, sell fresh foods indispensable to out daily life such as fish, vegetables, fruit, meat and flowers. It is difficult to store perishable foods for a long period as the spoil easily. In addition, the production of perishables is greatly affected by natural conditions such as the weather, so the price is subject to greater fluctuation than other goods. So the wholesale market, standing between producers and consumers, promotes the smooth distribution of perishables and contributes to stabilization of diet through the fair and speedy transactions between wholesalers and jobbers in the clean and functional facilities.
Role The Central Wholesale Market Law of 1923 has laid the foundation of the wholesale market system in Japan. The Law was revised in 1971 and the present Wholesale Market Law was newly promulgated to cope with the succeeding social changes.
The present system of wholesale market in Japan has two features: (1) Local governments found and manage their central wholesale markets. (2) Prices are fixed on the basis of auction regardless of volume of transaction. This is an unique system around the world; the law restricts transactions in the markets to maintain impartiality.
Before central wholesale markets were established, although auction had been held partially in vegetable markets, most prices had been negotiated in secret between sellers and buyers. It sometimes caused unfair transactions and placed producers and consumers under disadvantages.
The principle of public auction established by the Central Wholesale Market Law had a marked effect on distribution of perishable foods: fair prices and proper transactions are ensured. Thus, thanks to the central wholesale market, producers and consumers have become able to supply or consume perishable foods without anxiety.
During the entire month of January, the students at Utica Academy of Science Charter School dropped off non-perishable food items to their homeroom teachers. This was in an effort to donate multiple food items to a local food pantry. UAS Helping Hands club, our staff, and students collaborated to donate items as well as make a friendly competition out of it. Prizes were awarded to the grade levels who reached certain amounts of food. In first place was 6th grade, second place was 8th grade, and third place was 9th grade. At the end of January, students donated a combined total of 1,255 food items for this cause.
On March 27th, the whole 6th grade and their teachers collected the food items in front of our Mission Statement and took a group photo. Afterwards, the 6th grade students loaded up the school van with all the food items, which were to be dropped off to a local food party. Mr. Yavuz, Ms. Orioli and three of the students who donated the most items went to the Thea Bowman House in Utica to drop off all 1,255 items. These three students included Aaron Woodman (8th grade), Suror Al Awsaj (8th grade), and Felix Batista (6th grade). The students, Mr. Yavuz, and Ms. Orioli unloaded the van and brought all items to the food pantry located inside the Thea Bowman House. There, we took a tour of the Food Pantry and were informed of its purpose and how it operates. Once we left, we headed to Dunkin Donuts for a snack as a reward for the hard work.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Sgt. Maj. Cosby (left) and Lt. Col. Peluso (right) pack non-perishable foods for people in need during a volunteer project during Living Army Values Week at the Fayetteville Urban Ministries in Fayetteville, N.C. May 5, 2015. The Living Army Values Week organized by the 1st TSC chaplain's office was designed to enhance the moral, ethical and spiritual development of the 1st TSC family.
Urban Camo Ski Mask Project
These artworks are build from pieces of paper sourced mostly from the streets of Amsterdam. These bits and pieces are mixed up with torn screenprints, magazines and comicbooks. They are glued in the shape of a ski mask forming an urban camouflage pattern. The eyes and mouthpieces are made of laser-etched and or laser-cut photo’s, comics and logo’s.
Ski masks to me are a symbol of the current struggles around the globe. The news is dominated by men wearing ski masks whether it be terrorists or the special forces battling them.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Hawksmoor's involvement at All Souls started in 1709. A letter from 1715 tells the College authorities to preserve "antient durable Publck Buildings... instead of erecting new fantasticall perishable trash". These two gothic towers are his solution.
During the entire month of January, the students at Utica Academy of Science Charter School dropped off non-perishable food items to their homeroom teachers. This was in an effort to donate multiple food items to a local food pantry. UAS Helping Hands club, our staff, and students collaborated to donate items as well as make a friendly competition out of it. Prizes were awarded to the grade levels who reached certain amounts of food. In first place was 6th grade, second place was 8th grade, and third place was 9th grade. At the end of January, students donated a combined total of 1,255 food items for this cause.
On March 27th, the whole 6th grade and their teachers collected the food items in front of our Mission Statement and took a group photo. Afterwards, the 6th grade students loaded up the school van with all the food items, which were to be dropped off to a local food party. Mr. Yavuz, Ms. Orioli and three of the students who donated the most items went to the Thea Bowman House in Utica to drop off all 1,255 items. These three students included Aaron Woodman (8th grade), Suror Al Awsaj (8th grade), and Felix Batista (6th grade). The students, Mr. Yavuz, and Ms. Orioli unloaded the van and brought all items to the food pantry located inside the Thea Bowman House. There, we took a tour of the Food Pantry and were informed of its purpose and how it operates. Once we left, we headed to Dunkin Donuts for a snack as a reward for the hard work.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Remember this beauty from last year? The cakey almond cobbler topping pairs so well with warm fruit filling. Rather than cherries, I made it with another fruit dessert combination from David Lebovitz's Ready For Dessert. Rhubarb, raspberries, and pineapples is the perfect trio of sweet and tart. Certainly doesn't hurt that the cooked fruit is an attractive ruby red! A splash of kirsch and vanilla round out the flavour.
Read more at Dessert By Candy.
During the entire month of January, the students at Utica Academy of Science Charter School dropped off non-perishable food items to their homeroom teachers. This was in an effort to donate multiple food items to a local food pantry. UAS Helping Hands club, our staff, and students collaborated to donate items as well as make a friendly competition out of it. Prizes were awarded to the grade levels who reached certain amounts of food. In first place was 6th grade, second place was 8th grade, and third place was 9th grade. At the end of January, students donated a combined total of 1,255 food items for this cause.
On March 27th, the whole 6th grade and their teachers collected the food items in front of our Mission Statement and took a group photo. Afterwards, the 6th grade students loaded up the school van with all the food items, which were to be dropped off to a local food party. Mr. Yavuz, Ms. Orioli and three of the students who donated the most items went to the Thea Bowman House in Utica to drop off all 1,255 items. These three students included Aaron Woodman (8th grade), Suror Al Awsaj (8th grade), and Felix Batista (6th grade). The students, Mr. Yavuz, and Ms. Orioli unloaded the van and brought all items to the food pantry located inside the Thea Bowman House. There, we took a tour of the Food Pantry and were informed of its purpose and how it operates. Once we left, we headed to Dunkin Donuts for a snack as a reward for the hard work.
Cadets complete the 26.2 mile Bataan Memorial Death March carrying non-perishable food items that they donated to the Corvallis Food Bank upon completion.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Kenley Bell, Luke Dunnington, Logan Schaefer, Rayan Asadallati, Alex Folloder, Bo Foster and Sohum Pednekar line up with their non-perishable food donations for families in need.
Canucks Mascot Fin (Santa) poses with Best Buy Canada employees, who are collecting non-perishable food items for the Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society www.foodbank.bc.ca/main/
"Difficult to explain to her that the more fragile and perishable the structure, the greater the freedom to make and unmake it"
Julio Cortazar, Hopscotch
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
This pieces of pottery are remains from the first settlers, where they stored wine, pisco and other perishable goods, all of them were partially buried.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Noble’s Pond was located on Prospect Street where Mr. Noble would cut ice blocks which provided village and town residents with a way to keep perishable food cool in their ice boxes. The ice would be cut in great blocks and stored in saw dust in an ice house located at the edge of the pond. Once electric refrigerators became common, Mr. Noble’s son turned the ice pond into a skating rink. The rink became a very popular recreation spot for village and town residents, who would spend enjoyable afternoons skating to music played on an old Victrola. A small building at the edge of the pond housed a stove, which kept skaters warm as they pulled on their skates. The Village paid Mr. and Mrs. Noble to run the skating rink, which was very hard work, according to their daughter, Clara Wilder. Mrs. Wilder, in the book Pieces in the Attic, told how the rink covered a couple acres and was the place to be in Spencerport during the winter months. The rink was closed when her father died because no one else knew how to run it. Apparently, Mr. Noble dammed up the creek running from Prospect Street to the Canal in order to make the pond each year. He monitored the level of water in the pond carefully because if the water level dropped too low, the ice would cave in. In the spring, he gradually released the water to avoid flooding the yards below the pond.
Yokohama, Japan - Nov 5, 2014. Local restaurant located at Chinatown in Yokohama, Japan. Yokohama Chinatown is the largest Chinatown in Japan.
The Food Bank encouraged campers to donate surplus non-perishable food to be donated to those less fortunate.
See the rest of our WOMAD 2011 photos at
Eva Freer presenting donation check and canned and non-perishable food to Shephard of Hope Food Pantry
SP Palisade-2, 10:5:78; X9197E PFE block leaves Palisade, NV behind as it heads for Carlin. Dave Stanley photo ©2022
CIRO FRUTTA -FRESH MARKET - ROZZANO - ITALY IS ONE OF THE FIRST SUPERMARKET SPECIALIZED IN PERISHABLE VEGETABLES AND FRUIT IN PARTICULAR
Messing around with my new favorite program, Poladroid. Going through older shots I never posted and decided to give them the treatment. When I run out of real Polaroid film, this will have to suffice.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
Nhãn : (chữ Hán: 龙眼/龍眼; âm Quảng Đông long-ngan; âm Hán Việt: "long nhãn"; nghĩa là "mắt rồng" vì hạt có màu đen bóng) là loài cây nhiệt đới lâu năm thuộc họ Bồ hòn (Sapindaceae), có nguồn gốc miền nam Trung Quốc. Loài này còn được gọi là quế viên (桂圆) trong tiếng Trung, lengkeng trong tiếng Indonesia, mata kucing trong tiếng Mã Lai.
Mô tả
Cây cao 5-10 m. Vỏ cây xù xì, có màu xám. Thân nhiều cành, lá um tùm xanh tươi quanh năm. Lá kép hình lông chim, mọc so le, gồm 5 đến 9 lá chét hẹp, dài 7-20 cm, rộng 2,5-5 cm. Mùa xuân vào các tháng 2, 3, 4 ra hoa màu vàng nhạt, mọc thành chùm ở đầu cành hay kẽ lá, đài 5-6 răng, tràng 5-6, nhị 6-10, bầu 2-3 ô. Quả tròn có vỏ ngoài màu vàng xám, hầu như nhẵn. Hạt đen nhánh, có áo hạt màu trắng bao bọc. Mùa quả là vào khoảng tháng 7-8. Cây nhẫn tương đối chịu rét hơn so với các cây cùng họ như vải, đồng thời cũng ít kén đất hơn.
Phân bố
Nhãn được trồng nhiều ở miền Nam Trung Quốc, Thái Lan, Ấn Độ, Indonesia, Việt Nam. Tại Việt Nam, nhãn lồng Hưng Yên là đặc sản nổi tiếng.
Các giống
Có nhiều giống: nhãn trơ cùi cùi rất mỏng, nhãn nước nhiều nước. Ngoài ra, còn có các giống nhãn nổi tiếng sau:
Nhãn xuồng cơm vàng
“Giống nhãn xuồng cơm vàng là giống có nguồn gốc ở Thành phố Vũng Tàu, tỉnh Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu, được trồng bằng hạt, cơm dày, màu hanh vàng, ráo, dòn, rất ngọt, được thị trường ưa chuộng. Đặc điểm dễ nhận diện là quả có dạng hình xuồng. Quả chưa chín gần cuống có màu đỏ, quả chín vỏ quả có màu vàng da bò. Xuồng cơm vàng thích hợp trên vùng đất cát; nếu trồng trên đất thịt hoặc sét nhẹ nên ghép trên gốc ghép là giống tiêu da bò” (Tiêu chuẩn cây trồng Việt Nam).
Nhãn lồng Hưng Yên
Cây nhãn tổ hiện vẫn còn ở xã Hồng Nam. Tên "nhãn lồng" bắt nguồn từ việc khi nhãn chín phải dùng lồng bằng tre, nứa giữ cho chim, dơi khỏi ăn. Nhãn Hưng Yên có quả to, vỏ gai và dày, vàng sậm. Cùi nhãn dày và khô, mọng nước, hạt nhỏ. Vị thơm ngọt như đường phèn. Đáy quả có hai dẻ cùi lồng xếp rất khít.
Nhãn Da bò có một thời là cây trồng chủ yếu có giá trị kinh tế cao ở Cai Lậy Tiền Giang, Nhãn da bò có vò màu vàng sậm đôi khi lốm đốm những chấm nâu, nhãn Da bò dày cơm, vị rất ngọt khi chín có mùi rất thơm giống nhãn lồng Hưng yên nhưng trái to hơn và không tròn mà hơi dài ra theo chiều ngang. Nhãn da bò thích hợp với đất cát giồng ở các xã Nhị Mỹ, Nhị Quí, Phú Quí..(Cai Lậy)
Nhãn tiêu quế
Có tên khác là "nhãn quế", có nguồn gốc từ Huế. Quả nhỏ, vỏ mỏng, nhẵn và có màu nâu sáng vàng. Cơm nhãn dai, thường được sấy khô hoặc lấy cơm (miền Bắc gọi là cùi) làm nhãn nhục
Sử dụng
Cùi nhãn khô hay long nhãn nhục (Arillus Longanae) dẻo, có màu nâu hoặc nâu đen, được dùng làm thực phẩm đồng thời là một vị thuốc thường được dùng trong Đông y chữa các chứng bệnh hay quên, thần kinh kém, suy nhược, hay hoảng hốt, khó ngủ. Trong tiếng Trung, cùi nhãn khô được gọi là viên nhục (圓肉), nghĩa là "cục thịt tròn". Hạt nhãn được dùng để chữa các chứng chốc lở, gội đầu, đứt tay, chân.
Ngoài ra long nhãn nhục cũng được dùng trong chế biến một số món chè.
Nhóm nghiên cứu thuộc khoa công nghệ sinh học, trường đại học Mở TP.HCM vừa bào chế thành công chế phẩm trị phỏng từ vỏ cây nhãn. Bằng phương pháp trích ly vỏ cây nhãn thông qua dung môi ethanol, nhóm nghiên cứu đã thu nhận được chất cao khô màu nâu đỏ, đạt các chỉ tiêu cảm quan, độ ẩm, độ vô trùng theo tiêu chuẩn dược điển Việt Nam 3. Cao khô vỏ nhãn đã được bào chế thành các chế phẩm trị phỏng dạng pommade (6%) và dầu thoa (1,5%). Kết quả thử nghiệm trên chuột, có so sánh tác dụng với sản phẩm trị phỏng đang bán trên thị trường là dầu mù u, cho thấy tác dụng của cao vỏ nhãn khá tốt, đặc biệt rút được thời gian lành bệnh xuống còn 20 ngày thay vì 30 ngày như sản phẩm đối chứng. Tính kháng khuẩn đối với một số vi khuẩn có khả năng gây nhiễm trùng vết phỏng cũng cao hơn so với dầu mù u.
www.baomoi.com/Thuoc-tri-phong-tu-vo-cay-nhan/82/3462489.epi
Euphoria longan Steud, Euphoria longana Lam, Nephelium longana Cambess. This name is a synonym of Dimocarpus longan Lour..
Closely allied to the glamorous lychee, in the family Sapindaceae, the longan, or lungan, also known as dragon's eye or eyeball, and as mamoncillo chino in Cuba, has been referred to as the "little brother of the lychee", or li-chihnu, "slave of the lychee". Botanically, it is placed in a separate genus, and is currently designated Dimocarpus longan Lour. (syns. Euphoria longan Steud.; E. longana Lam.; Nephelium longana Cambess.). According to the esteemed scholar, Prof. G. Weidman Groff, the longan is less important to the Chinese as an edible fruit, more widely used than the lychee in Oriental medicine.
Description
The longan tree is handsome, erect, to 30 or 40 ft (9-12 m) in height and to 45 ft (14 m) in width, with rough-barked trunk to 2 1/2 ft (76.2 cm) thick and long, spreading, slightly drooping, heavily foliaged branches. The evergreen, alternate, paripinnate leaves have 4 to 10 opposite leaflets, elliptic, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, blunt-tipped; 4 to 8 in (10-20 cm) long and 1 3/8 to 2 in (3.5-5 cm) wide; leathery, wavy, glossy-green on the upper surface, minutely hairy and grayish-green beneath. New growth is wine-colored and showy. The pale-yellow, 5- to 6-petalled, hairy-stalked flowers, larger than those of the lychee, are borne in upright terminal panicles, male and female mingled. The fruits, in drooping clusters, are globose, 1/2 to 1 in (1.25-2.5 cm) in diameter, with thin, brittle, yellow-brown to light reddish-brown rind, more or less rough (pebbled), the protuberances much less prominent than those of the lychee. The flesh (aril) is mucilaginous, whitish, translucent, somewhat musky, sweet, but not as sweet as that of the lychee and with less "bouquet". The seed is round, jet-black, shining, with a circular white spot at the base, giving it the aspect of an eye.
Origin and Distribution
The longan is native to southern China, in the provinces of Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Schezwan and Fukien, between elevations of 500 and 1,500 ft (150-450 m). Groff wrote: "The lungan, not so highly prized as the lychee, is nevertheless usually found contiguous to it .... It thrives much better on higher ground than the lychee and endures more frost. It is rarely found growing along the dykes of streams as is the lychee but does especially well on high ground near ponds .... The lungan is more seldom grown under orchard conditions than is the lychee. There is not so large a demand for the fruit and the trees therefore more scattered although one often finds attractive groups of lungan." Groff says that the longan was introduced into India in 1798 but, in Indian literature, it is averred that the longan is native not only to China but also to southwestern India and the forests of upper Assam and the Garo hills, and is cultivated in Bengal and elsewhere as an ornamental and shade tree. It is commonly grown in former Indochina (Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and in Taiwan). The tree grows but does not fruit in Malaya and the Philippines. There are many of the trees in Reúnion and Mauritius.
The longan was introduced into Florida from southern China by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1903 and has flourished in a few locations but never became popular. There was a young tree growing at the Agricultural Station in Bermuda in 1913. A tree planted at the Federal Experiment Station in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, was 10 ft (3 m) high in 1926, 23 ft (7 m) in 1929. A longan tree flourished in the Atkins Garden in Cuba and seedlings were distributed but found to fruit irregularly and came to be valued mostly for their shade and ornamental quality. In Hawaii, the longan was found to grow faster and more vigorously than the lychee but the fruit is regarded there as less flavorful than the lychee.
Varieties
It seems that the type of longan originally brought to the New World was not one of the best, having aroused so little interest in the fruit. Groff stated that the leading variety of Fukien was the round-fruited 'Shih hsía', the "Stone Gorge Lungan" from P'ing Chou. There were 2 types, one, 'Hei ho shih hsia', black-seeded, and 'Chin ch' i ho shih hsia', brown-seeded. This variety did not excel in size but the flesh was crisp, sweeter than in other varieties, the seed small and the dried flesh, after soaking in water, was restored almost to fresh condition.
None of the other 4 varieties described by Groff has any great merit.
'Wu Yuan' ("black ball") has small, sour fruit used for canning. The tree is vigorous and seedlings are valued as rootstocks. 'Kao Yuan' is believed to be a slightly better type of this variety and is widely canned.
'Tsao ho' ('Early Rice') is the earliest variety and a form called 'Ch'i chin tsao ho' precedes it by 2 weeks. In quality, both are inferior to 'Wu Yuan'.
'She p' i' ('Snake skin') has the largest fruit, as big as a small lychee and slightly elongated. The skin is rough, the seed large, some of the juice is between the rind and the flesh, and the quality is low. Its only advantage is that it is very late in season.
'Hua Kioh' ('Flower Skin'), slightly elongated, has thin, nearly tasteless flesh, some of the juice is between the rind and the flesh, and the overall quality is poor. It is seldom propagated vegetatively.
There are no "chicken- tongue" (aborted seed) varieties in China.
There are 2 improved cultivars grown extensively in Taiwan–'Fukien Lungan' ('Fukugan') was introduced from Fukien Province in mainland China. The other, very similar and possibly a mutant of 'Fukien', is 'Lungan Late', which matures a month later than 'Fukien'.
In 1954, William Whitman of Miami introduced a superior variety of longan, the 'Kohala', from Hawaii. It began to bear in 1958. The fruit is large for the species, the seed is small, and the flesh is aromatic, sweet and spicy. The tree produces fairly good crops in midsummer. One hundred or more air-layers have been brought by air from Hawaii and planted at various locations in southern Florida and in the Bahamas. A seedling planting and selection program was started in 1962 at the USDA Subtropical Horticulture Research Unit, Miami. The plants were all open-pollinated seedlings of the canning variety, 'Wu Yuan', brought in from Canton in 1930 as P.I. #89409. Some set fruit in 1966 and 1967 but more of them in 1968. Evaluation of these and other acquisitions continues. Included in the study are M-17886, 'Chom Poo Nuch', and M-17887, 'E-Haw'.
Climate
Professor Groff wrote that "the lungan . . . is found growing at higher latitudes and higher altitudes than the lychee." Also: "On the higher elevations of the mountainous regions which are subject to frost the lychee is seldom grown. The longan appears in these regions more often but it, too, cannot stand heavy frosts." The longan's range in Florida extends north to Tampa on the west coast and to Merritt Island on the east coast. Still, small trees suffer leaf-and twig-damage if the temperature falls to 31º or 30º F (-0.56º--l.11º C) and are killed at just a few degrees lower. Larger trees show leaf injury at 27º to 28º F (-2.78º--2.22º C), small branch injury at 25º to 26º F (-3-89º--3.33º C), large branch and trunk symptoms at 24º F (-4.44º C) and sometimes fail to recover.
On the other hand, after a long period of cool weather over the 3 winter months, with no frost, longan trees bloom well. Blooming is poor after a warm winter.
Soil
The longan thrives best on a rich sandy loam and nearly as well on moderately acid, somewhat organic, sand. It also grows to a large size and bears heavily in oolitic limestone. In organic muck soils, blooming and fruiting are deficient.
Propagation
Most longan trees have been grown from seed. The seeds lose viability quickly. After drying in the shade for 4 day, they should be planted without delay, but no more than 3/4 in (2 cm) deep, otherwise they may send up more than one sprout. Germination takes place within a week or 10 days. The seedlings are transplanted to shaded nursery rows the following spring and set in the field 2-3 years later during winter dormancy.
In Kwangtung Province, when vegetative propagation is undertaken, it is mostly by means of inarching, nearly always onto 'Wu Yuan' trees 3-5 years old and 5 to 6 ft (1.5-1.8 m) high. The union is made no less than 4 ft (1.2 m) from the ground because it is most convenient. Nevertheless, the point of attachment remains weak and needs to be braced with bamboo to avoid breaking in high winds.
Grafting is uncommon and when it is done, it is a sandwich graft on longan rootstock, 3 or 4 grafts being made successively, one onto the beheaded top of the preceding one, in the belief that it makes the graft wind-resistant and that it induces better size and quality in the fruit.
Conventional modes of grafting have not been successful in Florida, but whip-grafting has given 80% success in Taiwan. Air-layering is frequently done in Fukien Province and was found a feasible means of distributing the 'Kohala' from Hawaii. Air-layers bear in 2 to 3 years after planting. A tree can be converted to a preferred cultivar by cutting it drastically back and veneer-grafting the new shoots.
Culture
In China, if the longan is raised on the lowlands it is always put on the edges of raised beds. On high ground, the trees are placed in pre-enriched holes on the surface. The trees are fertilized after the fruit harvest and during the blooming season, at which time the proportion of nitrogen is reduced. Fresh, rich soil is added around the base of the trees year after year. The longan needs an adequate supply of water and can even stand brief flooding, but not prolonged drought. Irrigation is necessary in dry periods.
An important operation is the pruning of many flower-bearing twigs–3/4 of the flower spikes in the cluster being removed. Later, the fruit clusters are also thinned, in order to increase the size and quality of the fruits.
Generally, the trees are planted too close together, seriously inhibiting productivity when they become overcrowded. In China, full-grown trees given sufficient room–at least 40 ft (12 m) apart–may yield 400 to 500 lbs (180-225 kg) in good years. Crops in Florida from trees 20 ft (6 m) tall and broad, have varied from light–50-100 lbs (22.5-45 kg)–to medium–150-250 lbs (68-113 kg), and heavy–300-500 lbs (135-225 kg). Rarely such trees may produce 600-700 lbs (272-317 kg). Larger trees have larger crops but if the trees become too tall harvesting is too difficult, and they should be topped. Harvesters, working manually from ladders, or using pruning poles cut the entire cluster of fruit with leaves attached.
A serious problem with the longan is its irregular bearing–often one good year followed by 1 or 2 poor years. Another handicap is the ripening season–early to mid-August in China, which is the time of typhoons; August and September in Florida which is during the hurricane season. Rain is a major nuisance in harvesting and in conveying the fruit to market or to drying sheds or processing plants.
Keeping Quality
At room temperature, longans remain in good condition for several days. Because of the firmer rind, the fruit is less perishable than the lychee.
Preliminary tests in Florida indicate that the fruit can be frozen and will not break down as quickly as the lychee when thawed.
Pests and Diseases
The longan is relatively free of pests and diseases. At times, there may be signs of mineral deficiency which can be readily corrected by supplying minor elements in the fertilization program.
Food Uses
Longans are much eaten fresh, out-of-hand, but some have maintained that the fruit is improved by cooking. In China, the majority are canned in sirup or dried. The canned fruits were regularly shipped from Shanghai to the United States in the past. Today, they are exported from Hong Kong and Taiwan.
For drying, the fruits are first heated to shrink the flesh and facilitate peeling of the rind. Then the seeds are removed and the flesh dried over a slow fire. The dried product is black, leathery and smoky in flavor and is mainly used to prepare an infusion drunk for refreshment.
A liqueur is made by macerating the longan flesh in alcohol.
Food Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion
FreshDried
Calories61286
Moisture82.4 g17.6 g
Protein1.0 g4.9 g
Fat0.1 g0.4 g
Carbohydrates15.8 g74.0 g
Fiber0.4 g2.0 g
Ash0.7 g3.1 g
Calcium10 mg45 mg
Phosphorus42 mg196 mg
Iron1.2 mg5.4 mg
Thiamine0.04 mg
Ascorbic Acid6 mg (possibly)28 mg
Other Uses
Seeds and rind: The seeds, because of their saponin content, are used like soapberries (Sapindus saponaria L.) for shampooing the hair. The seeds and the rind are burned for fuel and are part of the payment of the Chinese women who attend to the drying operation.
Wood: While the tree is not often cut for timber, the wood is used for posts, agricultural implements, furniture and construction. The heartwood is red, hard, and takes a fine polish. It is not highly valued for fuel.
Medicinal Uses: The flesh of the fruit is administered as a stomachic, febrifuge and vermifuge, and is regarded as an antidote for poison. A decoction of the dried flesh is taken as a tonic and treatment for insomnia and neurasthenic neurosis. In both North and South Vietnam, the "eye" of the longan seed is pressed against a snakebite in the belief that it will absorb the venom.
Leaves and flowers are sold in Chinese herb markets but are not a part of ancient traditional medicine. The leaves contain quercetin and quercitrin. Burkill says that the dried flowers are exported to Malaysia for medicinal purposes. The seeds are administered to counteract heavy sweating and the pulverized kernel, which contains saponin, tannin and fat, serves as a styptic.
www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/longan.html
Full publication details for this name can be found in IPNI: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783109-1.
I took my photograph from the top of the steps to the signal box (which was unoccupied). The loco is pulling a "perishables" freight from Wemouth to Westbury.
Photo Credit: Cindy Kurman, Kurman Photography
Photos available for purchase on KurmanPhotography.com
CIRO FRUTTA -FRESH MARKET - ROZZANO - ITALY IS ONE OF THE FIRST SUPERMARKET SPECIALIZED IN PERISHABLE VEGETABLES AND FRUIT IN PARTICULAR
Malta.
Hop on hop off sightseeing tour of Gozo.
The Ġgantija Temples in Xagħra, Gozo, are one of the most important archaeological sites in the Maltese Islands and are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The site consists of two temples dating back to between 3600 and 3200 B.C.
The name Ġgantija derives from the word ġgant, the Maltese word for giant as the site was commonly associated with a race of giants. Notwithstanding its age, the monument survives in a considerably good state of preservation. This is evident in the boundary wall which encloses the two temples, and which is built in rough coralline limestone blocks. Some of the megaliths exceed five metres in length and weigh over fifty tons.
City College staff, from all departments, joined Farmshare of America and Strike Out Hunger Food Drive in Alachua County to make a difference this holiday season. Over 800 families received an estimated 20 pounds of perishable and non-perishable food items. Great Job!!! The Team led by Gloria Ashley: Alicia Aikens, Gloria Ashley, Diane Colson, Renelle Debose, Mirvat Jamal, Ray Matura, Monica Pozo, Terra Slater.