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Under the Swastika
In the history of the Friends of the Kunsthalle too the seizure of power by the Nazis is a deep cut. The Nazi regime developed a practice of arts funding which was marked by the mandatory relationship of art and state.
The enforced conformity of friends meant the loss of independence and the orientation of the association's activities to the objectives of the National Socialist government. Decisive for this change of course, was the board meeting on 10 June 1933. The poet and art historian Wilhelm Niemeyer played the key role as the representative of the Militant League for German Culture (Kampfbund). The Kampfbund was a Nazi-oriented organization which represented a nationalist-racist concept of art. Although Niemeyer since 1927 no longer belonged to the board of the association, he participated against the resistance of Gustav Pauli and the other board members at the meeting to introduce a list of the Executive Board drawn up by the Kampfbund.
As a result of the meeting Pauli on the same day sent a list of candidates for the election of the new board of the Friends to the Kampfbund. This was his last official act for the Friends of the Kunsthalle. The new board then was no longer elected but appointed by the First Mayor Carl Vincent Krogmann and was completely re-assembled, with two exceptions.
New chairman became Hermann Maetzig who also headed the official business at the Kunsthalle from the beginning of October, Pauli in late September 1933 as director of the Kunsthalle was sent into retirement. On the part of the club members, there was no opposition against the replacement of the Board, they confirmed this one after a short debate on their general meeting on 31 October 1933.
The era Maetzig did not last long. Already in April 1934, he had to give up all offices for belonging to the Freemasons. His successor Wilhelm Freiherr Kleinschmit of Lengefeld remained until August 1937 executive director of the Kunsthalle and Chairman of Friends. In the action "degenerate art" to which the set up by Pauli collection of modern art in the summer of 1937 fell victim he did not participate. However, in the tenure of Kleinschmit fell the exclusion of Jewish club members. This marks the blackest chapters in the history of the club.
At the beginning of 1936, the Statute of friends was officially completed by an "Aryan paragraph". But already at the end of the fiscal year 1935, the Jewish members had been forced to leave the club. In September 1935, the new program of events was sent with a message of Kleinschmit. It was said there, the membership card will be issued only to those persons who signed a statement that they were "Aryans".
Alone in September and October 1935, 29 Jewish donors, so financially particularly committed members, had to leave the club. Among them are such famous names as Bleichröder, Budge or Warburg. In addition, there were also about 100 regular members who had been excluded. Against this background is hardly surprising that the number of members of the Friends in 1936 with 1,124 members reached a historic low.
The lecture program of friends during the Nazi period designed primarily Wilhelm Niemeyer, who was secretary of the association since August 1933. As already Pauli, he also succeeded to win a number of known German art historians. Speeches were held by university professors as Hans Jantzen, Hans Kauffmann or the befriended with Niemeyer, Wilhelm Pinder. Although the Kunsthalle was closed at the beginning of World War II to the public, the friends continued to offer lectures. Those ones, however, unlike as in the days of the Weimar Republic, as regards contents offered only little direct references to the collection fund of the Kunsthalle.
Unter dem Hakenkreuz
Auch in der Geschichte der Freunde der Kunsthalle stellt die Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten einen tiefen Einschnitt dar. Das NS-Regime entwickelte eine Praxis der Kunstförderung, die durch die zwangsweise Verbindung von Kunst und Staat gekennzeichnet war.
Die Gleichschaltung der Freunde bedeutete den Verlust der Selbstständigkeit und die Ausrichtung der Vereinsaktivitäten auf die Ziele der nationalsozialistischen Regierung. Entscheidend für diesen Kurswechsel wurde die Vorstandssitzung am 10. Juni 1933. Der Dichter und Kunsthistoriker Wilhelm Niemeyer spielte als Repräsentant des Kampfbundes für deutsche Kultur die maßgebliche Rolle. Der Kampfbund war eine NSDAP-nahe Organisation, die einen völkisch-rassistischen Kunstbegriff vertrat. Obwohl Niemeyer seit 1927 nicht mehr dem Vorstand des Vereins angehörte, nahm er gegen den Widerstand Gustav Paulis und der übrigen Vorstandsmitglieder an der Sitzung teil, um eine vom Kampfbund erstellte Vorstandsliste einzubringen.
Als Ergebnis der Sitzung schickte Pauli noch am selben Tag eine Vorschlagliste für die Wahl des neuen Vorstandes der Freunde an den Kampfbund. Dies war seine letzte Amtshandlung für die Freunde der Kunsthalle. Der neue Vorstand wurde dann nicht mehr gewählt, sondern vom Ersten Bürgermeister Carl Vincent Krogmann bestimmt und war bis auf zwei Ausnahmen völlig neu zusammengesetzt.
Neuer Vorsitzender wurde Hermann Maetzig, der ab Anfang Oktober auch die Amtsgeschäfte in der Kunsthalle leitete; Pauli wurde Ende September 1933 als Direktor der Kunsthalle in den Ruhestand versetzt. Von Seiten der Vereinsmitglieder gab es keinerlei Widerstände gegen die Neubesetzung des Vorstandes, sie bestätigten diesen nach kurzer Aussprache auf ihrer Mitgliederversammlung am 31. Oktober 1933.
Die Ära Maetzig währte nicht lange. Bereits im April 1934 musste er wegen seiner Zugehörigkeit zu den Freimaurern alle Ämter aufgeben. Sein Nachfolger Wilhelm Freiherr Kleinschmit von Lengefeld blieb bis August 1937 verantwortlicher Leiter der Kunsthalle und Vorsitzender der Freunde. An der Aktion „entartete Kunst“, der im Sommer 1937 die von Pauli aufgebaute Sammlung der Moderne zum Opfer fiel, war er allerdings nicht beteiligt. In Kleinschmits Amtszeit kam es jedoch zum Ausschluss der jüdischen Vereinsmitglieder. Dies markiert das schwärzeste Kapitel in der Geschichte des Vereins.
Zu Beginn des Jahres 1936 wurde die Satzung der Freunde offiziell um einen „Arierparagraphen“ ergänzt. Doch bereits am Ende des Geschäftsjahres 1935 hatten die jüdischen Mitglieder den Verein verlassen müssen. Im September 1935 wurde das neue Veranstaltungsprogramm mit einer Mitteilung Kleinschmits versandt. Dort hieß es, die Mitgliedskarte werde nur an solche Personen ausgestellt, die eine Erklärung unterschrieben, dass sie „ arischer Abstammung“ seien.
Allein 29 jüdische Stifter, also finanziell besonders engagierte Mitglieder, mussten im September und Oktober 1935 den Verein verlassen. Unter ihnen finden sich so berühmte Namen wie Bleichröder, Budge oder Warburg. Hinzu kamen noch ungefähr 100 ordentliche Mitglieder, die ausgeschlossen wurden. Vor diesem Hintergrund verwundert wenig, dass die Mitgliederzahl der Freunde im Jahr 1936 mit 1.124 Mitgliedern einen historischen Tiefststand erreichte.
Das Vortragsprogramm der Freunde während der NS-Zeit gestaltete in erster Linie Wilhelm Niemeyer, der seit August 1933 Schriftführer des Vereins war. Wie bereits Pauli gelang es auch ihm, eine Reihe bekannter deutscher Kunsthistoriker zu gewinnen. Es sprachen Universitätsprofessoren wie Hans Jantzen, Hans Kauffmann oder der mit Niemeyer befreundete Wilhelm Pinder. Obwohl die Kunsthalle mit Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges für das Publikum geschlossen wurde, boten die Freunde weiterhin Vorträge an. Diese wiesen allerdings – anders als zu Zeiten der Weimarer Republik – inhaltlich nur wenig direkte Bezüge zum Sammlungsbestand der Kunsthalle auf
freunde-der-kunsthalle.de/meta/ueber-uns/geschichte/unter...
While you are setting goals for yourself, a majority of them fall under four standard categories - health, #wealth, #relationship, and self-fulfillment. And the #goal attainment process involves strict efforts to find a balance for assured #success. A majority of people claim to understand that the key to success is basically better goal-setting method. However, only around 20% amongst the entire population is able to #achieve their objectives. The rest 80% either don't think about the same or just fail to achieve. So, before you rush to randomly start setting goals and objectives, understand that there are certain traps that keep holding you back and those are the ones you need to avoid. Read more here : askopinion.com/why-do-we-fail-to-achieve-our-objectives-i...
The objective of the workshop was to raise awareness and build the capacity of participants in terms of governance framework and institutional arrangements for Integrated Management of Water Resources (IWRM) and to ensure a structural national approach to the process.
Thanks to the inputs of the participants, lessons and experiences from different sectors linked to water management were shared.
Photo Credit: IWRM AIO SIDS
More: www.aio-iwrm.org
Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve, Tandayapa Valley | Ecuador
We had four days up in the Ecuador cloud forest prior to our main trip around the Galapagos archipelago. The prime objective was hummingbirds, so be warned that there are going to be plenty of photos posted over the next few days!
Pima Air and Space Museum
OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE CAMERA
The device on display is an element of the standard set of cameras and reconnaissance equipment carried by the SR-71 in the 1970s. It is a stereoscopic camera designed to photograph the ground under the aircraft's flight path. This produces a three dimensional image that greatly eases the identification of the objects that are photographed.
My objective in scanning and subsequently uploading so many photographs from my archives is to preserve the images in digital form. I strongly believe that many if not most professional and advanced amateur photographers, are or should be doing the same thing with their images. In many instances like this they are preservation of photojournalistic or photodocumentary data from the past that can be viewed and enjoyed by future generations. I want to be certain that many of my better images outlive the shelf life of film and chemicals, fortunately digital imagery is the best way to do that.
This is a Kodachrome 64 slide scanned from my archives. The shot was taken in September 1984 in the Bunker Hill Financial District of Downtown Los Angeles. The skyline of the city has changed a great deal since that time.
© Lawrence Goldman 2011, All Rights Reserved
This work may not be copied, reproduced, republished, edited, downloaded, displayed, modified, transmitted, licensed, transferred, sold, distributed or uploaded in any way without my prior written permission.
Cadet Emma Rosa, from the University of North Georgia, gives her suggestion of how to overcome their objective during the planning phase. The Team Development Course is a chance for Basic Camp Cadets to work together to overcome challenging objectives, because no obstacle can be completed alone at Fort Knox, Ky, July 24. | Photo by Matthew Barnes, CST Public Affairs Office.
Objective markers! I'm taking part in the Objective marker swap and figured that since I've had a wicked headache for two days that painting was out, but sniffing glue while I make things would be fine... I might as well get a start on them today... Heh, seems funny for me to make these as I don't play that much, but hey it's all in good fun.
The barrel & jerry cans come from a WW2 set. Thought they give a good look to one of them. The 'rock' is a broken up wine cork... I think I should be concerned with how many wine corks I have floating around my house... If I look at it to closely it might indicate I have a problem... But I'm not into self-introspection that much :D
The second one is just a dead marine, and I'm thinking it's lacking something, Maybe height... Might add something to it later...
So I had suggested a friend start their 365 project with an image of 365 objects from their surroundings. I kinda liked the basic idea, so I gave it a shot myself - although there's probably not 365 objects in mine.
The IMDb Film Connections Network and Objective Evaluation of Movie Significance
Max Wasserman, Ph.D., Applied Math, Northwestern University, Amaral Lab Alumnus.
A Tree Climbing Crab at Pasir Ris Park/Mangroves.
Go wild with me in my blog: Go Wild @Pasir Ris Park & Mangroves
*Note: More pics of Fishes and Marine Creatures in my Fishes and Marine Creatures Album.
KGN Pillinger intend to demonstrate the ability to assist in the design and implementation of all projects requiring specialist manufacturing and installation of bespoke water pumping systems.
One of the main objectives of the European Union is to promote economic, social and territorial cohesion between regions. The reformed EU Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 comes at a pivotal moment. Recent years of austerity have seen rising unemployment and widening inequality, especially in peripheral regions, with youth, women and ethnic minorities worst affected.
Making over €350 billion available to invest in Europe's regions, cities and the real economy, the reformed Cohesion Policy is the EU's principal investment tool to deliver the Europe 2020 goals: creating growth and jobs, tackling climate change and energy dependence, reducing poverty and social exclusion. Once member states’ national contributions and the leverage effect of financial instruments are taken into account, the impact is likely to be over €500 billion.
Launching a new partnership with the European Commission, with the participation of the OECD, Salzburg Global’s program is timed to help key stakeholders understand the rules and results-oriented focus of the reformed Cohesion Policy and ensure maximum impact for these investments. It will build on our longstanding European program which has featured over 15 sessions devoted to the EU’s development and expansion, grounded in our location at the crossroads of East and West.
The 2014 program will focus on ways in which regional development policy and complementary instruments can enhance competitiveness and effective governance at local, regional and transboundary levels.
Participants will examine tools for environmentally sustainable innovation, human capital development, creation and financing of SMEs and the transition to a low carbon economy. They will compare practical projects and mechanisms that have delivered successful outcomes for competitiveness and inclusive growth, in and beyond Europe, in order to identify transferable tools and connect stakeholders who are leading cutting-edge work around the world.
The program will be held from May 17 to May 22, 2014 in Salzburg, Austria, with a one day, high-level pre-session meeting on May 17-18, focusing on European competitiveness, the shift to low carbon economies, and the role of sustainable cities.
The objective of the workshop is to facilitate discussions between the Ministry of Labour and Employment and States on:
-Experiences in implementation of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act and Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act; and
-Way forward for strengthening the provisions of the Act and other institutional mechanisms for prevention and reducing vulnerability to bondage.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US.
Digital camera snap of feminine strength n power
www.flickr.com/photos/psychoactivartz/3926500153/sizes/l/...
One of the main objectives of the European Union is to promote economic, social and territorial cohesion between regions. The reformed EU Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 comes at a pivotal moment. Recent years of austerity have seen rising unemployment and widening inequality, especially in peripheral regions, with youth, women and ethnic minorities worst affected.
Making over €350 billion available to invest in Europe's regions, cities and the real economy, the reformed Cohesion Policy is the EU's principal investment tool to deliver the Europe 2020 goals: creating growth and jobs, tackling climate change and energy dependence, reducing poverty and social exclusion. Once member states’ national contributions and the leverage effect of financial instruments are taken into account, the impact is likely to be over €500 billion.
Launching a new partnership with the European Commission, with the participation of the OECD, Salzburg Global’s program is timed to help key stakeholders understand the rules and results-oriented focus of the reformed Cohesion Policy and ensure maximum impact for these investments. It will build on our longstanding European program which has featured over 15 sessions devoted to the EU’s development and expansion, grounded in our location at the crossroads of East and West.
The 2014 program will focus on ways in which regional development policy and complementary instruments can enhance competitiveness and effective governance at local, regional and transboundary levels.
Participants will examine tools for environmentally sustainable innovation, human capital development, creation and financing of SMEs and the transition to a low carbon economy. They will compare practical projects and mechanisms that have delivered successful outcomes for competitiveness and inclusive growth, in and beyond Europe, in order to identify transferable tools and connect stakeholders who are leading cutting-edge work around the world.
The program will be held from May 17 to May 22, 2014 in Salzburg, Austria, with a one day, high-level pre-session meeting on May 17-18, focusing on European competitiveness, the shift to low carbon economies, and the role of sustainable cities.
Sustainability is at the heart of FAO’s Strategic Framework. It is embedded in all five strategic objectives and is the specific focus of Strategic Objective 2 (SO2), which aims at sustainably increasing the provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries. To achieve SO2, and successfully support member countries in their efforts toward achieving sustainable food and agriculture, a common understanding of what agricultural sustainability means is necessary.
©FAO/Nicoletta Forlano
Fly-Fishing the Blackstone
20 April 2014 -- 110/365
Cumberland, Rhode Island
Today was a day of dynamically changing photographic objectives. The weather was beautiful, and after a conversation yesterday with a friend about motion blur, I decided to head to a particularly scenic section of the Blackstone River Bikeway. My plan was to setup my tripod with the Albion Mill in the background, and capture some motion blur of cyclists crossing Albion Road. If I got some blurred cars in the scene as well, even better. When I arrived, though, I noticed that the water level was extremely high in the Blackstone River, and the water flowing over the dam was heavy, fast, and creating significant churn in the river beneath the dam. Okay, scratch the motion blur, let's move to Plan B. Taking the tripod and camera kit down to the river bank, I setup for an HDR composite of the dam and the whitewater beneath it. Before I had a chance to take the first photo of what I planned to be a 7-exposure set, this fly-fisherman arrived and started to wade out into the river. Scratch Plan B and let's move onto Plan C. I photographed him from various angles, some with the waterfall in the background, some with the bridge in the background, and from this angle that gave a better sense of his activity without the other distractions. I went with this one. The moral of the story is to be flexible and go with the compositions that develop. I could have forced myself to stick with the original plan, but if I did, there's no telling if this scene would ever present itself again.
Post processing started with a classic filter in Topaz B&W FX. I adjusted color sensitivity sliders, adaptive exposure, regions, contrast, boost black, boost white, and protect highlights. I then applied a dodge to the highlights and midtones, followed by a levels adjustment, both in PSE.
Southern Bandung provide so many beautiful hilly panoramas to please eyes. I love the yellowish green as the morning sunlight pour the tea plants.
Please do not use this picture for any kind of media for any objectives without my expressed permission.
100% crop of a photograph of a 1p coin taken with an Olympus e620, macro bellows and a 10X microscope objective. It's a bit rough, but the setup is a work in progress.
This is one of the links in the chain to the side of the portcullis on the coin...
The objective lens of the optical tweezers. A focussed laser beam is used to trap and position tiny particles (eg. 0.5μm beads, bacteria).
1. get to that Orange Grove suet
2. look great for the camera
I have an increased number of Pine Warblers now. Last week I had 3 males and 2 females. This week they have been joined by 2 more males.
They seem to be in competition for the ladies. One will land and another one will come by and chase him off. It was quite amazing and amuzing to watch them yesterday as I stood by the tree. They kept flying right by me and landing very close.
They seem to be very interested in me and what I'm doing. They are curious, friendly little birds. They also LOVE the camera~!
Pine Warbler~male
Shilpgram is a rural arts and crafts complex, situated 3 km west of the city of Udaipur. The center is spread over an undulating terrain of about 70 Acres of land, surrounded by the Aravali mountains. The complex is conceived as a living ethnographic museum to depict the lifestyles of the folk and tribal people of the region. With an objective of increasing awareness and knowledge about the rural arts and crafts, the Shilpgram provides opportunity to rural and urban artists to come together and interact through the process of camps and workshops.
DESCRIPTION
The Complex has an open air Amphitheatre with a seating capacity of approximately 8000, used for the major theatre festivals held here and the traditional folk performing arts. Each member state of the West Zone has traditional huts built within the Shilpgram, derivative of certain basic occupations fundamental to the way of life of the people of the area and also central to the culture of the country. In these traditional huts, household articles of everyday use, like terracotta, textile, wooden and metal items, decorative objects and implements are featured with appropriate signages and explanatory details with the objective to give a realistic glimpse of the people and their belongings.
The huts are constructed around an interlocking occupational theme. In this integrated pattern are five huts from Rajasthan, representing the weavers' community from Marwar, pottery from the hilly areas of Mewar and the tribal farmer communities of the Bhil and the Sehariyas.Apart from the state's own representation, there are seven representative huts from the state of Gujarat, five from the state of Maharashtra and five featuring the arts and crafts of Goa.
SHILPGRAM FESTIVAL
The Shilpgram Festival is organised every year from 21 December to December 31. The Shilpgram Fair (Shilpgram Mela), a part of the festive celebrations, serves as a destination for hand woven clothes, embroideries, mirror works and handicrafts. The 'Mela' aids in encouraging the urban potters, visual artists and designers and the cottage industry of Rajasthan. The Festival provides opportunities for learning the craft skills through various workshops. Cultural programmes during the evening and the local food stalls attract many visitors and locals.
SHILPDARSHAN
Shilpdarshan is a continuing activity at Shilpgram in which traditional performing artists and craftsmen are used to draw from the interior villages of the member states. They are regularly invited to exhibit their skill and to demonstrate their crafts, and sell their works in order to have direct access to the buyers. This programme has been initiated with an aim to encourage the rural craftsmen and performers.
WIKIPEDIA
Photo taken with Zeiss PMII scope 60x dry 0.85 NA Semi-plan Chinese objective and Lumix GF1 camera attached to Zeiss intermediate photo tube, modified brightfield setup. Asterococcus with other algae.
7/02/2021
Barskoon, Kyrgyzstan.
Zhamilya in the warehouse showing ways to embroider to girls.
Project title: Climate Change and Mountain Forests
Objectives: To contribute to the development of mountain regions in Latin America and Asia/Pacific, by enhancing the sustainable management of mountain ecosystems and the promotion of local economies in terms of production and marketing of mountain products. (Project linked to GCP/GLO/204/MUL. Close collaboration with GCP/PNG/006/EC and UNJP/PNG/004/UNJ).
Editorial use only. Copyright ©FAO
Photo credit must be given: ©FAO/Mirbek Kadraliev