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Figures of Influence: Florence Nightingale and Sir Joseph Bazalgette
The nineteenth century was tumultuous and ripe for reform. Different charismatic figures with varying philosophies and approaches all attempted to conquer the biggest questions of the day relating to health, corruption, urban development, and quality of life. Who was most effective? I argue that while any individual who produced tangible results or implemented mechanisms was more successful than many, those who were most successful were those who used their skills to connect with their communities and use open communication and feedback to produce enduring models. As examples, I compared Florence Nightingale and Sir Jospeh Bazalgette.
Florence Nightingale, 1820-1910, was the daughter of affluent, landed parents who were well connected within the upper-class London community. She was privately educated and, although her parents were often perceived as somewhat ornamental, her mother sometimes hosted well-attended intellectual salons. In her early years Florence was dissatisfied, depressed, and wondered what her role as an upper-class girl was, especially in the lives of the less fortunate. She became spiritual and toured different religious communities where she came across a group of dedicated women at Kaiserwerth am Rhein who cared for the poor and destitute. From this experience she believed that women of any class could be trained to be effective nurses. She then entered the world of hospital administration and earned a reputation as a fierce advocate for hygiene and medical standards, citing her own statistical research of deaths in different environments. She worked as a nurse and administrator during the Crimean War, earning a formidable reputation as a leader, and was later granted a royal commission in London that established a medical cabinet to generate reports in order to reform Army medicine. Eventually a Nightingale fund was established to help endow schools, training programs, and hospital development, although support flitted from group to group and cause to cause as many failed or fell victim to conflicting leadership or ideologies. [1]
Jospeh Bazalgette, 1819-1891, was the only son of a naval officer. He was educated privately and was an apprentice to a civil engineer until he established his own practice in 1842. He worked tirelessly during the railroad boom in the 1840’s, took a brief medical leave, and returned in 1849 to work on the second metropolitan commission of sewers in London. When the main engineer of the project passed away, Bazalgette filled the position. Although the project changed management several times and ultimately ended under the London County Council, Bazalgette and his team developed 1300 miles of sewers, 82 additional miles of intercepting passages, and 4 pumping stations. He is especially remembered for his work on the Albert, Victoria, and Chelsea Embankments along the Thames in relation to this project. After the completion of the sewers he surveyed bridges that the British government had purchased and made public to eliminate tolls. He also was an advocate in Parliament and small committees for bills of public amenities like water supplies and energy because he was concerned that private ventures would overshadow public need. [2]
Nightingale and Bazalgette were both privately educated intellectuals with a desire to improve standardization and efficiency in the public arena. Both threw themselves into their work tirelessly to the point of medical impairment; Nightingale was an invalid and shut in for 20 years after complications arising from an infection and Bazalgette took a medical leave from 1847-1848. Nightingale focused her efforts on public health and reform, especially nursing, and was little less than a dictator of the hospitals she oversaw. She hoped to implement her exact standards on every organization she approached, whether it was nursing school, midwifery, the military health sector, or hospitals themselves. The problem was that she was too stubborn and specific- many institutions fell short of her standards and projects were constantly being abandoned in favor of new ones. It cannot be denied that her reform of nursing had great impact, but her inability to foster a loyal group of followers and those who could execute her strict ideals was her downfall. She tried to be a one-woman army and spread herself very thin. Bazalgette, however, shared his work and ideas with teams of engineers and was constantly consulting and conversing with the established communities of engineers in London. He continued assuming responsibility for his projects long after completion, furthering their development and monitoring their financial and operational statuses. He also formed close ties with other engineers and mentored many aspiring scientists to form enduring connections. [1,2]
Perhaps it was because Nightingale was a woman that she felt she could not share power with anyone else if she wanted the job done right, but she took on so much all at one time. Perhaps it was also that she was trying to enact change in a very dynamic field and her 20 years as an invalid put her out of touch with the latest developments in public health. She was a strong proponent of the miasma theory and as Snow’s water theory became more prevalent I imagine her other philosophies might have suffered in the public eye. Her few contacts to the political world died in the middle of her career and the nineteenth century was not a hospitable place for an aggressive, assertive woman with few allies. Bazalgette was likely the beneficiary of the respect the public had for engineers and by his time many of the principles of physics had been established and vetted; his projects likely seemed more exciting than controversial. He was also given the space to reform the city’s infrastructure by committees, Nightingale had to wrestle her way into the spotlight. Given all of these factors, it is not surprising that Bazalgette was able to provide more meaningful and successful reformation to nineteenth century cities, although it is certainly interesting that it is the name of Florence Nightingale that lives on. One does not hear much about Bazalgette in popular histories and it seems unfortunate that such a dedicated and influential man be unheralded for his achievements.
Sources:
[1] Monica E. Baly, H. C. G. Matthew, ‘Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35241, accessed 15 Feb 2015]
[2] Denis Smith, ‘Bazalgette, Sir Joseph William (1819–1891)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1787, accessed 15 Feb 2015]
Looking somewhat like a somber church , the train station in Metz is architectural evidence of the German influence in a part of Europe that has been fought over many times.
Influenced by and compared to works by the Pre-Raphaelites popular mid-century, Waterhouse's works are later and not strictly related to those by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. However, compare this piece with Ophelia by Millais, also in this album, and one easily finds similarity and comprehends the comparison. Further, lost/unrequited love is a recurring theme in 19th century British art.
Influenced by the Playground movement of 1905 , Mr. E.W. Clark, a prominent Philadelphian, purchased five acres of former quarry land with the intention of making it a playground after a young child drowned. He hired George T. Pearson a well-known architect to design the main building. It was known originally as the Quarry Playground House, completed in 1910 and still in use today. Mrs. Clark named the playground Happy Hollow. The Clark’s donated the state-of-the-art facility, to the Playground Association of Philadelphia. The opening of the Happy Hollow Playground was announced April 29, 1911. It is documented to be the city’s oldest playground/recreation center. Research substantiates that it was in fact the first recreation center in the state. We are now in the process of filing for a state historic marker.
via Influence Sauna does not qualify to be recommended at this time. The EMF levels are above the thresholds of comparable saunas. We do not comment further on Influence Saunas or Finnmark Saunas on this website. You can see why here and here.
Source
from Infrared Sauna Expert.com infraredsaunaexpert.com/reviews/influence-sauna/ infraredsaunaexpert.tumblr.com/post/656175021290635264
Welcome to A-Town with cultural influencer and social advocate Fly Guy DC of Streetz 94.5 to explore the various levels of the broadcast specialist's success. He gave Automotive Rhythms comprehensive insight into his lifestyle of entertainment, music, sports, and fashion while profiling Atlanta landmarks from the cockpit of the all-new, next-level 2022 Lexus NX 350 F Sport. Let's ride.
Tesla design models have influenced our intellects with clean power, high safety ratings and a wide array of 21st century technologies. Tesla, the purveyor of premium electric cars utilizes supercar acceleration and cat-like reflexes to also appeal to our lust for power and the primal urge to control and direct it. The Model 3 will begin pricing at $35,000 which is roughly half the cost of a base Model S. The base car will accelerate 0-60 mph in less than 6 seconds, enjoys an electric range of at least 215 miles per charge, seats five comfortably and provides storage from front and rear trunks. Expect deliveries yearend 2017.
The exhibition "Mythos Murano" (The Myth of Murano) at the Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf delves into the history, secrets, and enduring influence of the glass objects originating from the Venetian lagoon island of Murano. Marking the beginning of a new series of annually changing thematic exhibitions within the museum's extensive glass collection, the show celebrates Murano's 700-year legacy as the global capital of great glass art. It explores how ancient glassmaking traditions, combined with the guarded secrets of new colors and production methods, allowed Venice to develop unparalleled expertise in the craft of the glassblower's pipe. The exhibition highlights the island's periods of innovation, particularly its last great heyday from 1920 to 1970, which cemented Murano's legendary status.
The display showcases 135 outstanding works drawn from the Kunstpalast's comprehensive Murano collection, offering a journey through diverse styles from this critical period of glass art. Visitors can see examples of the transition from historical forms to timelessly modern designs, notably through the work of companies like Venini, founded in the 1920s. The exhibition also illustrates the later post-WWII flourishing of Italian design and the experimental new ideas brought by a younger generation of designers. Furthermore, it touches upon the contemporary influence of Murano, where artists from around the world, like sculptor Tony Cragg, continue to realize their ideas in glass, ensuring the island's enduring significance in the international art scene.
The Kunstpalast Düsseldorf stands as the city's preeminent art museum, boasting a rich history that traces its roots back nearly 300 years to the art patronage of Elector Palatine Johann Wilhelm and his wife, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici. The institution evolved from a municipal art museum, officially founded in 1913, and is now located in an impressive architectural ensemble in the Ehrenhof district, close to the Rhine. The core building was originally constructed in 1902 for a major exhibition, but the most recognizable parts today are from the Art Deco redesign by Wilhelm Kreis in 1926 for the "GeSoLei" exhibition. Following a significant remodel by Oswald Mathias Ungers, the museum reopened in 2001, and a recent comprehensive renovation finished in 2023 has revitalized the interior and collection presentation.
The museum distinguishes itself by uniting nearly all artistic genres and a wide variety of historical periods under one roof, setting it apart from many other German museums. Its expansive collection holds over 130,000 objects, with around 800 works on display across a chronological tour of over 5,000 square meters. Collection strengths include painting until 1900, with notable works by Old Masters like Peter Paul Rubens, and a strong focus on the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Furthermore, it houses one of Europe's largest glass collections, the Helmut Hentrich Glass Museum, and extensive holdings of prints, drawings, sculptures, photography, and contemporary art, including a significant collection of works from the ZERO movement.
In line with its identity as a "civic museum," the Kunstpalast aims to be a lively and open cultural center for a broad, international public. Beyond the extensive permanent collection, which is constantly being refreshed with new acquisitions and arrangements, the museum presents a varied program of changing special exhibitions that often juxtapose historical and contemporary art to reveal unexpected connections. The complex also integrates the Robert Schumann Saal, a dedicated concert hall, further cementing the Kunstpalast as a multifaceted hub for both visual and performance arts in Düsseldorf.
"The Influence of New US and UN Leadership on International Relations, Economic Development, Innovation, New Markets, & Global Human Rights"
(New York City & Washington DC; January 10th - 14th, 2017)
Photos of my work as photographer at the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD). Berlin, Germany.
CASTELLANO
Fotos pertenecientes a mi trabajo como fotógrafo en el Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD). Berlin, Alemania.
As part of their Dada World Fair, City Lights Bookstore hosted ‘Dada's Tangled Roots’, an afternoon of readings examining the seminal influences upon Dada by key 19th century poets, playwrights and writers.
This afternoon of readings examining the seminal influences upon Dada by key 19th century poets, playwrights and writers. The event took place Saturday, November 12, 2016 at 3pm at the Weinstein Gallery, on Clementina Street in San Francisco.
Presenters included Peter Maravellis of City Lights Bookstore, Jim Nisbet and Kim Gill reading from Baudelaire, Fabrice Florin and Priscilla Wheeler from Pataphysical Studios reading from Alfred Jarry, Will Alexander reading from Lautréamont, Robin Walz reading from Raymond Roussel, and Andrew Joron reading from Paul Scheerbart, Garrett Caples reading from Mallarme, and Kit Schluter reading from Marcel Schwob.
Learn more about the Dada World Fair.
See what we read at the Tangled Roots event:
docs.google.com/document/d/1b2mLoKJqQVKTI8wuC83HKVE64bC1g...
Learn more about Pataphysical Studios:
View more photos about our Dada Exhibit: www.flickr.com/photos/fabola/albums/72157661806560160
Learn more about our ‘Pataphysics of Dada exhibit:
pataphysics.us/pataphysics-of-dada/
View videos about Pataphysical Studios:
Day 1
2011 just wrapped up. This great year, 2012, I've decided to take on the challenge and do a photo-a-day assignment. Of course, I wont land up posting daily, but will surely try and click a photo each day and post it whenever I can. So here goes.
What you see is a Canon EOS 1000D and the book "The Photographer".
The 1000D is the cheapest of all the Canon EOS cameras. I bought it by mistake. I had zeroed in on a nice point and shoot, was about to purchase it, but then noticed the 1000D. It was looking at me saying, "Buy me! Buy me!" I looked at the price tag and was like, "Oh well, I can afford this." And hence it begun. It may be the cheapest EOS but don't be fooled by the price. Yes, it may suck at low light, but if you know to handle your toy, then the output will be amazing. If you guys remember the Man at the Beach photo, you will understand what I mean.
The book, is a gift from my dear sister. It influenced me into doing more photo stories. So Jolene D'souza, Merci Beaucoup!
And 2011 was the year where everything got kinda pulled together and fell in place (sort of). Of course I bought some more toys, some what you would like to call high end equipment. But the 1000D will always be in the bag. I guess most of the shots of the Project 366 will be done using the 1000D.
Alright everyone, enough of small talk. Wish me luck! Wishing you all a better than the last year new year!
Carlisle Cathedral
Carlisle Cathedral is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Carlisle in Carlisle, Cumbria, England. It was founded as an Augustinian priory and became a cathedral in 1133.
Carlisle is the second smallest of England's ancient cathedrals. Its notable features include figurative stone carving, a set of medieval choir stalls and the largest window in the Flowing Decorated Gothic style in England.
Carlisle Cathedral was begun in 1122, during the reign of King Henry I, as a community of Canons Regular following the reform of the Abbey of Arrouaise in France, which followed a strict form of the canonical life, influenced by the asceticpractices of the Cistercians. Many large churches of Augustinian foundation were built in England during this period as the Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeil, was a member of this order, but Carlisle is one of only four Augustinian churches in England to become a cathedral, most monastic cathedrals being Benedictine. The church was begun by Athelwold, an Englishman, who became the first prior. In 1133, the church was raised to the status of cathedral and Athelwold became the first Bishop of Carlisle (1133–55). In 1233, the cathedral priory community were joined by two friaries in the city. A Dominican friary and a Franciscan friary were founded close to the cathedral. The building was refurbished in the 13th and 14th centuries, receiving impetus from the presence of the court of Edward I in 1307.
In the 15th and early 16th centuries, the monastic buildings were renewed. With the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536, and the establishment by Henry VIII of the Church of England as the country's official church, the Dominican and Franciscan friaries were dissolved and Carlisle, along with the other monastic cathedrals, was run by a secular chapter like the cathedrals at Lincoln and York, which practice has continued to this day. During the time of the English Civil War, a portion of the nave of the cathedral was demolished by the Scottish Presbyterian Army in order to use the stone to reinforce Carlisle Castle. Between 1853 and 1870 Carlisle Cathedral was restored by Ewan Christian. In the early 19th century, the cathedral became the subject for a geometric analysis by Robert William Billings.
Carlisle Cathedral was commenced in 1123 as a monastic church, possibly on the foundations of an earlier church, in the Norman architectural style with solid masonry, large round piers, round arches and smallish round headed windows. These features may still be seen in the south transept and the remaining two bays of the nave, which are now used as the Chapel of the Border Regiment. The stone is the local red sandstone, which has discoloured almost to black on parts of the exterior. The building has also suffered from subsidence which is evidenced by the piers, which lean at different angles.
In the 13th century, the choir of the cathedral was rebuilt in the Gothic style, wider than the original and on a different axis. However, the new work was severely damaged in a fire in 1292, and the work was recommenced. By 1322 the arcades and the easternmost bay were complete, with the elaborate tracery and glass of the east window being in place by about 1350. The upper stages of the walls were finished, probably by the architect John Lewen who died in about 1398. The Gothic arcade has richly moulded arches with dog's tooth decoration, and the twelve capitals are carved with vegetation along with small lively figures representing the labours of the months.
The choir is roofed by a fine wooden barrel vault dating from the 14th century. In 1856 this was restored and repainted to a new design by Owen Jones. It is thought the eastern bays of the cathedral never received a stone vault because at some point the central spire blew down, and funds were required to rebuild the damaged tower and north transept, completed in about 1420.
The tracery and stained glass of the East Window
The most significant architectural feature of Carlisle Cathedral is its East Window. The tracery of this window is in the most complex of English Gothic styles, Flowing Decorated Gothic. It is the largest and most complex such window in England, being 51 feet high and 26 feet wide. It has nine lights, and tracery, which, it has been calculated, was drafted from 263 points.The tracery of the window still contains much of its original medieval glass.
Carlisle Cathedral has a fine set of 46 carved wooden choir stalls with misericords, which were installed in the early 15th century. Misericords are hinged seats, "constructed to keep the monks from falling asleep while at prayers,"and carved with numerous figures and creatures. Despite their purpose, the "pillars supporting the canopies bear traces of having been burnt, by weary monks who dropped off to sleep in the midst of their interminable devotions while holding a lighted candle in their hands." The misericords were made out of black oak, and their backs carved with scenes of the legends of St. Anthony the Hermit, St. Cuthbert, St. Augustine, and the twelve apostles, as well as mythical themes. The misericords of Carlisle include typical iconography of "half-length angels, beasts deriving from the Bestiary, hybrid creatures, and narrative scenes, including the inverted world theme of the Woman beating a Man that no decent set of misericords could be without."
The delicate gilt canopy over the High Altar is a modern work designed by Sir Charles Nicholson.
Other buildings of interest in the precinct are the Fratry dating from about 1500 and the Gatehouse of 1527. In mediaeval times the Fratry building was the dining hall of the Cathedral Priory.
15 February 2020 - Day two of the ICAN Paris Forum: how to ban bombs and influence people
Photo: Joe Jukes | ICAN
Those unusual decorative elements above the doors and windows again that I've seen nowhere else. Almost an Indian influence.
Detail from the east elevation of Monreale's spectacular cathedral, showing how pronounced the Arab influence is in this part of the Norman building.
Humility is the noble choice to forgo your status, deploy your resources or use your influence for the good of others before yourself.
The Springfield Art Association will host an opening reception for a nationally juried ceramic exhibition entitled Shapes of Influence on Friday evening, August 3rd, from 5:30-7:30 PM. Awards and a gallery talk by juror Simon Levin will occur at 6:45 PM.
The show will be on display in the SAA's M.G. Nelson Family Gallery from August 3-September 1 and features work from over two dozen states and Canada.
Juried artists include Morgan Barton, Kenneth Baskin, Casey Beck, Irina Bondarenko, Robert Bruch, Danielle Callahan, Michelle Coakes, John Cohorst, Louis Colomarini, John Costanza, Paula Diaz-Sylvester, Auguste Elder, Karen Ellis-Phillips, Curtis and Karen Frederick, Verne Funk, John Gargano, Kaitlyn Getz, Sarah Gross, Lois Harbaugh, Ian Hazard-Bill, Jason Hess, Jennifer Holt, Drew Ippoliti, Iskra Ivanova, Anna Kats, Patty Kochaver, Robert Kokenyesi, Lucien Koonce, Joe Kraft, Annie Lee, Andrew Mcintyre, Jessie Martin, Paul McCoy, Avra Messe, Molly Morning-glory, Matthew Patton, Sara Prigodich, Jenny Reed, Masa Sasaki, Jessica Sallay-Carrington, Kourtney Stone, Suzanne Storer, Sam Thompson, Austin Wieland, Nicole Winning, Matthew Wright, Kensuke Yamada, Lisa York, and David Zahn.
Invited artists include Dan Anderson, Kahil Irving, Peter Pincus, and Kelsie Rudolph.
The M.G. Nelson Gallery is open to the public M-F from 9 AM-5 PM and Saturdays from 10 AM-3 PM.
Majority of smallholder farmers in Babati are engaged only in farming and have no influence over the management or participation in their product value chains. Such farmers are not well connected to markets, so their production is not well tailored to what the markets need. Africa RISING partners have therefore been implementing specific activities to link these farmers to profitable markets.
A first step to their integration in the value chain was to support these farmers to improve their farming skills through use of improved seeds and fertilizers in their cereal-legumes value chain so that they could produce higher yields of more consistent quality and better suited to the market.
Taking a marketing approach, the team brought the farmers together to strengthen their competitive advantage at the point of sale by improving quality, quantity and time of delivery through collective action. This also enables them to access marketing information readily. A total of eighteen (18) farmer groups have been established/strengthened in ten (10) villages and have been trained on the use of improved seeds and fertilizers to increase production, value chain concept, marketing and agri-business skills and how to use e-soko to access market information. They have also been linked to big maize/pigeonpea/common beans traders in the district like Export Trading Group, Bajwa Farmers and Traders, Monaban, and Mohamed Enterprises Ltd, who can buy their produce at harvesting, or through some contracts arrangements.
An exhibit of ceramic sculpture by Holly Hendrick-Jones and paintings by Scott Wesley Jones currently on display at the Yuma Art Center.
Opening reception February 26, 2010
Folklore has it that the moon influences people's sleep. This theory probably stemmed from the knowledge that the moon influences water and the human body is made up of approximately 50-75% water. Still, there has been no study to confirm the folklore - until now.
According to The Independent, the international research community has been divided on this question for a long time, but now a highly controlled study has found evidence to support the ancient theory that indeed moon activity affects sleeping patterns among humans.
The study determining whether the Super Moon 2014 summer will affect us humans was led by Michael Smith at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. According to the study, participants wake up more and sleep approximately 25 minutes less during full moon than at times with other moon phases.
Smith said, 'The rooms in our sleep laboratories do not have any windows. So the effect we found cannot be attributable to increased nocturnal light during a full moon.'
Astrologically speaking, a Supermoon is an intensified New Moon or Full Moon. With a New Moon you often focus on personal beginnings, however when a Supermoon is involved those new beginnings will take on an even greater momentous tone. The same applies to a Full Moon. Crescendos and culminations of events will seem even more dramatic and climactic.
The Moon is also associated with emotions and our feminine sides. When a Supermoon is involved expect to be even more emotional than usual. Tears and laughter will come more easily, moods will suffer extreme swings and there will be no shortage of drama—both good and bad.
The Moon’s effects will also cast its light on women in particular. Mothers, daughter, sisters and friends may be noticeably affected by the intensified energies. Husbands, fathers and boyfriends may be dismayed or exasperated by the behavior of females during these transits.Emotional storms will come and go.
These are opportunities for people to learn how to deal with feelings while developing patience and understanding. It is also a chance to grow closer. Not all emotions will be negative and floods of love and happiness can wash over us too.
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