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I include this in my photo stream not because it's nice (it's not), but, instead, to show how far Fly Geyser is from the road (highway 34). This was taken with a Canon PowerShot SX50 at "50X" zoom (roughly equivalent to 1200mm), yet it's still not very clear, as you can see. The distance is only part of the problem. It's also frequently obscured by steam (obviously!) and is likely quite a small feature (my guess: 10-15ft high, max). Long story short: since Fly Geyser is on private property and is quite far from the road, probably better to obtain permission to access the property (which I haven't figured out how to do yet, but will update if/when I find out!).
Rogers Little Loaders have mini loaders / mini diggers for hire with a variety of attachments perfect for all jobs big and small. The Kanga series 6 out performs all machines in its class, providing more power, torque, speed, and has the highest ground clearance for rough terrain.
Rogers Little Loaders is the trusted name in the trade industry and for domestic mini loader work. Rogers Little Loaders specialise in domestic landscaping work, limited access earth moving, turf and concrete slab preparation, post hole digging, trenching, levelling and whatever else your heart desires
Unlike other companies, Rogers little loaders hire hydraulic tilt trailers perfect to utilise for tip runs and waste disposal.
Rogers Little Loaders deliver to the entire Brisbane area and provide on-site training so you can operate the machine with ease or alternatively hire one of our professional operators.
Rogers Little Loaders operate 7 days a week and accept payments from Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Debit card, Direct debit and cash.
For more information call 0468 477 937
1 DIY Hire:
Get off the tools and on to a Kanga. DIY hire will save you countless time and effort, your back will thank you.
Prices start from $160 and get cheaper with longer hire.
Includes training which will enable you to operate the loader with ease.
We have a variety of attachments to complete all you domestic projects or renovations.
2 Hire an Expert:
Sit back and let our drivers do the hard work.
We have hundreds of hours experience on machines big and small working on mining projects to multiple home earthwork renovations. Our professionalism and operating precision will ensure the task is completed fast and effectively.
Wet hire rates include machinery, all attachments and tilt trailer used by the operator.
3 Machinery Specs
The Kanga's innovative design makes it perfect for domestic earth works. Being only 1050mm wide enables easy access through small openings to your desired location.
The Kanga also has the greatest ground clearance compared to it's competitors of 185mm perfect for rough terrain.
For full specifications ..
Read more takes to Attachment and Uses page.
- DIY, No Licenses Required.
- Tipper Trailer.
- Pickup or Delivery Anywhere In Brisbane
- From As Low As $160.
Mini Loader Hire Brisbane
Rogers Little Loaders
Call: 0468 477 937
Email: info@rogerslittleloaders.com
Address: 1A Church St N Redbank QLD 4301 Australia
Thursday at the 2021 Goodwood Festival of Speed, which went ahead as a government Covid secure test event.
Includes MSS Height Adjustable Spring Kit, Future Classic 5x120 Wheel Spacer Set, IND Painted Front Reflector Set, Acexxon Rear Reflector Insert Set
Bikes at the Goodwood Festival of Speed - early on Friday afternoon, before the heavy rain swept through.
The Lower Trout Lake Bathhouse Complex and Contact Station includes five Mid-Century Modern resources, located on
two separate land parcels, in the same section of the Bald Mountain Recreation Area in Orion Township. The Lower Trout Lake Bathhouse Complex and Contact Station was designed in the mid-1960s by internationally renowned Michigan
architect Gunnar Birkerts. The larger of the two parcels of land contains a bathhouse complex of four closely spaced circular buildings – Men’s and Women’s Bathhouses, a Concession Stand, and a Pump House – all grouped within a large
circular pad of concrete pavement set back from the beach at Lower Trout Lake. The nomination also includes a small round Contact Station or “control booth” located about 4,600 feet away on the entrance road into this southern section of
the Bald Mountain Recreation Area. The buildings are closely related by their circular forms, concrete construction, and,
before vandals stripped them, copper roofs.
The Lower Trout Lake Bathhouse Complex and Contact Station is significant under criteria A and C. It is a set of Park
Service Modern buildings inspired by the nationwide Mission 66 program. The buildings were designed by world renowned architect Gunnar Birkerts who is known for his high-style modern structures. The Lower Trout Lake Bathhouse Complex and Contact Station’s structures are examples of two complimentary forms of mid-century modern design; one, a style of park building known as Park Service Modern, made popular by the National Park Service and the Mission 66 program architects; the other, the distinctive architectural style produced by Gunnar Birkerts at the time, during the beginning of the busiest point in his career. The buildings are less than fifty years old, yet because of their unique design, association with a
nation-wide program, and were designed by a master architect; they are eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places at the National level.
The Lower Trout Lake Bathhouse Complex and
Contact Station was listed in the National Register of HIstoric Places on September 3, 2013.
A blog post that includes these photos lives here: likeafishinwater.com/2014/02/18/lane-737-night-market/
My company: www.thirdplacemedia.com - Content development and communications strategy focusing on transit, walkability, placemaking and environment issues
My blog: likeafishinwater.com
When reblogging a flickr photo, you need to include a link back to flickr and attribution as the photographer requests.
Photo By Steve Garfield CC BY-NC-SA
I've emailed Sarah.
Her post: The Women of Media.
See what happens? It get's reblogged without attribution:
blakeley.tumblr.com/post/46460238/pop17-the-women-of-new-...
rudeboy7969.tumblr.com/post/46459942/pop17-the-women-of-n...
mee-z.com/post/46389747/pop17-the-women-of-new-media
stevezachary.tumblr.com/post/46353782/pop17-the-women-of-...
Sarah didn't include a link back to me or credit, and then (4) others reblogged it. Now none of their readers know who took the photo.
Come on!
Tumbler is set up to allow you to include links back and URL's, AND you can make the photo link back to flickr when you click on it.
The Lidl Run Kildare Events 2013 were held at the Curragh Racecourse, Newbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland on Sunday 12th May 2013. There were three events: a 10KM, a half marathon, and a full marathon. This is a selection of photographs which includes all events. The photographs are taken from the start and finish of the marathon, the finish of the 10KM, and the finish of the half marathon. Due to the large numbers participating we did not manage to photograph everyone - which was not helped by the weather. Congratulations to Jo Cawley and her RunKildare crew for another great event. The weather didn't dampen the spirits of the many happy participants.
Electronic timing was provided by Red Tag Timing [www.redtagtiming.com/]
Overall Race Summary
Participants: There were approximately 3,000 participants over the 3 race events - there were runners, joggers, and walkers participating.
Weather: A cold breezy morning with heavy rain at the start. The weather dried up for the 10KM and the Half Marathon races
Course: This is an undulating course with some good flat stretches on the Curragh.
Viewing this on a smartphone device?
If you are viewing this Flickr set on a smartphone and you want to see the larger version(s) of this photograph then: scroll down to the bottom of this description under the photograph and click the "View info about this photo..." link. You will be brought to a new page and you should click the link "View All Sizes".
Some Useful Links
GPS Garmin Trace of the Kildare Marathon Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/175709313
Homepage of the Lidl Run Kildare Event: www.kildaremarathon.ie/index.html
Facebook Group page of the Lidl Run Kildare Event: www.facebook.com/RunKildare
Boards.ie Athletics Discussion Board pages about the race series: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056815306
Our photographs from Run Kildare 2012: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629707887620/
Our photographs from Run Kildare 2011: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626725200956/
A small selection of photographs from Run Kildare 2010: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623899845567/ (first event)
Can I use the photograph with the watermark?
Yes! Absolutely - you can post this photograph to your social networks, blogs, micro-blogging, etc.
How can I get a full resolution, no watermark, copy of these photographs?
All of the photographs here on this Flickr set have a visible watermark embedded in them. All of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available, free, at no cost, at full resolution WITHOUT watermark. We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not know of any other photographers who operate such a policy. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us. This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember - all we ask is for you to link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. Taking the photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc.
If you would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Some people offer payment for our photographs. We do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would pay for their purchase from other photographic providers we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Fair to say that we have no idea how it will look Cyberpunk 2077. So far all information has been blurred, but at a recent conference Gamelab Barcelona is the Creator of the original tabletop game Cyberpunk 2020 by Mike Pondsmith allowed myself to tell you something. Previously, it was
gameplaying.info/character-classes-cyberpunk-2077-include...
Includes:
Unisex
4 tattoos that can be used individually or as a whole piece
4 options for the tattoo (Fade / Fresh / Fade red / Fresh red)
I include the "Death Star Droid" with the imperials since he is an Imperial droid, and as a kid I used him with my bad guys.
I had all this same stuff as a kid. A case could be made for including Boba Fett in this group, since he was available in 1979 and sold on a Star Wars card originally, (in fact the one I had as a child was on such a card) but I since that character is more closely associated with ESB, I included him with that group of figures.
The Blue Tits are nesting in the lifebuoy by the pond at Woods Mill. There seemed to be plenty of food coming in.
The Lidl Run Kildare Events 2013 were held at the Curragh Racecourse, Newbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland on Sunday 12th May 2013. There were three events: a 10KM, a half marathon, and a full marathon. This is a selection of photographs which includes all events. The photographs are taken from the start and finish of the marathon, the finish of the 10KM, and the finish of the half marathon. Due to the large numbers participating we did not manage to photograph everyone - which was not helped by the weather. Congratulations to Jo Cawley and her RunKildare crew for another great event. The weather didn't dampen the spirits of the many happy participants.
Electronic timing was provided by Red Tag Timing [www.redtagtiming.com/]
Overall Race Summary
Participants: There were approximately 3,000 participants over the 3 race events - there were runners, joggers, and walkers participating.
Weather: A cold breezy morning with heavy rain at the start. The weather dried up for the 10KM and the Half Marathon races
Course: This is an undulating course with some good flat stretches on the Curragh.
Viewing this on a smartphone device?
If you are viewing this Flickr set on a smartphone and you want to see the larger version(s) of this photograph then: scroll down to the bottom of this description under the photograph and click the "View info about this photo..." link. You will be brought to a new page and you should click the link "View All Sizes".
Some Useful Links
GPS Garmin Trace of the Kildare Marathon Route: connect.garmin.com/activity/175709313
Homepage of the Lidl Run Kildare Event: www.kildaremarathon.ie/index.html
Facebook Group page of the Lidl Run Kildare Event: www.facebook.com/RunKildare
Boards.ie Athletics Discussion Board pages about the race series: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056815306
Our photographs from Run Kildare 2012: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629707887620/
Our photographs from Run Kildare 2011: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626725200956/
A small selection of photographs from Run Kildare 2010: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157623899845567/ (first event)
Can I use the photograph with the watermark?
Yes! Absolutely - you can post this photograph to your social networks, blogs, micro-blogging, etc.
How can I get a full resolution, no watermark, copy of these photographs?
All of the photographs here on this Flickr set have a visible watermark embedded in them. All of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available, free, at no cost, at full resolution WITHOUT watermark. We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not know of any other photographers who operate such a policy. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us. This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember - all we ask is for you to link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. Taking the photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc.
If you would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Some people offer payment for our photographs. We do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would pay for their purchase from other photographic providers we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
I wanted to include my little cousin in my assignment for this photo. I used my light kit on the right to create better lighting with a fill card on the left. I think I could have done a better job with this, so the shadows behind her aren't so harsh.
This is the photo I tried to emulate wonderfulmachine.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=scale-down,height=...
Outfit includes sundress with lace, tucks, and embroidery; hand knit and embroidered baby alpaca/silk lace sweater; crocheted ballet styled shoes; crocheted bag with flowers, pearl necklace; bracelet; ribbons; felt hair flower; embroidered knit panties.
Balanced Budget 2014 includes forecast surpluses in all three years of the fiscal plan and modest investments in priority areas. While the fiscal plan shows continued spending discipline, modest surpluses allow government to make choices and ensure new spending is put into priority areas. Within the balanced budget, government is providing additional funding of $415 million to benefit BC families, help make life more affordable, and help stimulate economic growth and job creation.
Learn more: www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/2014/default.htm
Include Youth's annual conference - 'Getting the Right Youth Justice; engaging with the findings of the Review of the Youth Justice System in Northern Ireland' - was held at the La Mon Hotel & Country Club, Belfast, on October 27 2011.
200 delegates attended the event, including senior civil servants, senior decision-makers, elected representatives, policy leads within the sector, community workers and practitioners working with marginalised young people. All were invited to debate the findings and join in the discussions.
For more information about include youth visit www.includeyouth.org
Humpback whales are rorquals (Balaenopteridae, a family that includes the blue, fin, Bryde's, sei, and minke whales). The rorquals are believed to have diverged from the other families of the suborder Mysticeti as long ago as the middle Miocene. The sole member of its genus, the humpback was first identified as baleine de la Nouvelle Angleterre off the coast of New England by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Regnum Animale of 1756. The common name is derived from the curving of their backs when diving. The generic name Megaptera comes from the Greek mega-/μεγα- ("giant") and ptera/πτερα ("wing") and refers to their large front flippers.
Genetic research in mid-2014 by the British Antarctic Survey confirmed that the separate populations in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans are more distinct than previously thought. Some biologists believe that these should be regarded as separate, independently evolving subspecies.
Humpbacks have a stocky body, obvious hump, and black dorsal colouring. The head and lower jaw are covered in tubercles, knobby hair follicles characteristic of the species. Humpbacks have 270-400 dark baleen plates on each side of their mouths. The plates measure from 46 centimetres in the front to almost a metre in the back. About 14-22 wide ventral grooves run from the lower jaw to the umbilicus. The female has a hemispherical lobe about 15 centimetres in diameter in her genital region. Fully grown males average 13-14 metres and females are slightly larger at 15-16 metres; one large recorded specimen was 19 metres long and had pectoral fins measuring 6 metres each. Body mass is typically around 25-30 metric tons, with large specimens weighing over 40 metric tons.
The long black and white tail fin can be up to a third of body length. The varying patterns on the tail flukes distinguish individual animals. During a study using data from 1973 to 1998 on whales in the North Atlantic, a photographic catalogue of all known North Atlantic whales was developed; it's maintained by the College of the Atlantic. Several hypotheses attempt to explain the humpback's pectoral fins, proportionally the longest fins of any cetacean, such as higher maneuverability and increased surface area for temperature control when migrating between warm and cold climates.
Whales produce a three-metre-long, heart-shaped blow through the blowholes. They don't generally sleep at the surface but must continue to breathe: it's possible that only half of their brain sleeps at one time, allowing the other half to manage the surface/blow/dive process.
The lifespan of rorquals ranges from 45 to 100 years. Females reach sexual maturity at age five, achieving full adult size a little later. Males reach sexual maturity around seven years of age. Courtship rituals take place during the winter months, following migration toward the equator from summer feeding grounds closer to the poles. Competition is usually fierce. Unrelated males, or "escorts," frequently trail single cows and cow-calf pairs. Males gather into "competition groups" around a female and fight for the right to mate with her. Groups shrink and grow as unsuccessful males retreat and others arrive. Behaviors include breaching, spy-hopping, lob-tailing, tail-slapping, pectoral fin-slapping, peduncle throws, charging, and parrying.
Both male and female humpback whales vocalize, but only males produce the long, loud, complex song for which the species is famous. Each song consists of several sounds in a low register, varying in amplitude and frequency and typically lasting from 10 to 20 minutes. Individuals may sing continuously for more than 24 hours. Cetaceans have no vocal cords, instead forcing air through their massive nasal cavities (blowholes).
Whales within a large area sing a single song: all North Atlantic humpbacks sing the same song, while those of the North Pacific sing a different song. Each population's song changes slowly over a period of years without repeating. Many of the whales observed to approach a singer are other males, often resulting in conflict: singing may, therefore, be a challenge to other males as well as a way to impress females. Some scientists have hypothesized the song may serve an echolocative function. During the feeding season, humpbacks make unrelated vocalizations to herd fish into their bubble nets and they use other sounds to communicate, such as grunts, groans, "thwops," snorts, and barks.
Females typically breed every two or three years. The gestation period is 11.5 months. The peak months for birth are January, February (northern hemisphere), July, and August (southern hemisphere). Females wait for one to two years before breeding again. Recent research on mitochondrial DNA reveals that groups living in proximity to each other may represent distinct breeding pools.
A newborn calf is roughly the length of its mother's head. At birth, calves measure six metres and two tons. They nurse for about six months, then mix nursing and independent feeding for around six months more. Humpback milk is pink and 50% fat.
Humpbacks have a loosely knit social structure: individuals usually live alone or in small, transient groups that disband after a few hours. Groups may stay together longer in summer to forage and feed cooperatively. Longer-term relationships of months or even years between pairs or small groups have occasionally been observed, and some females might create lifelong bonds through cooperative feeding.
Humpbacks inhabit all major oceans, in a wide band running from the Antarctic ice edge to 77° N latitude. The four distinct tribes are the North Pacific, Atlantic, Southern Ocean, and Indian Ocean populations. Whales were once uncommon in the eastern Mediterranean or the Baltic Sea but have increased their presence in both waters as global populations have recovered. They have also returned to Scotland, Skagerrak, and Kattegat, as well as Scandinavian fjords such as Kvænangen, where they had not been observed for decades. Since November 2015, Hachijo-jima has been recognized as the northernmost breeding ground in the world.
Humpbacks typically migrate up to 25,000 kilometres each year. A 2007 study identified seven individuals wintering off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica as having traveled from the Antarctic—around 8,300 kilometres. Identified by their unique tail patterns, these animals made the longest mammalian migration ever documented.
The humpback's range overlaps with other whale and dolphin species. Humpbacks are friendly and interact with other cetaceans such as bottlenose dolphins and right whales. These behaviors have been recorded in all oceans, and humpback whales regularly appear in mixed groups with other species, such as the blue, fin, minke, gray, and sperm whales. Humpback and southern right whales demonstrating what were interpreted to be mating behaviors have been observed off the Mozambique and Brazilian coasts. A male humpback whale was seen singing to a fin whale at Rarotonga in 2014, and another individual was observed playing with a bottlenose dolphin in Hawaiian waters. Incidents of humpback whales protecting other species of animals such as seals and other whales from killer whales have also been documented.
Humpbacks feed primarily in summer and live off fat reserves during winter, when they feed only rarely and opportunistically. The humpback is an energetic hunter, taking krill and small schooling fish such as herring, salmon, capelin, and American sand lance, as well as Atlantic mackerel, pollock, and haddock in the North Atlantic. Pleated grooves in the whale's mouth allow water to easily drain out, filtering out the prey. The humpback has the most diverse hunting repertoire of all baleen whales, sometimes stunning prey by hitting the water with pectoral fins or flukes. Its most inventive technique is known as bubble net feeding, in which a group of up to a dozen whales swims in a shrinking circle below a school of prey and traps it in a cylinder of bubbles. The ring can start out about 30 metres in diameter. Some whales blow the bubbles, some dive deeper to drive fish toward the surface, and others herd prey into the trap by vocalizing. The whales then all suddenly swim up, swallowing thousands of fish.
The technique of lobtail feeding, observed in the North Atlantic, involves slapping the surface of the ocean with the tail up to four times before creating the bubble net. Based on network-based diffusion analysis, researchers believe that these whales learned the behavior from other whales in the group over a period of 27 years in response to a change in the primary form of prey.
Visible scars indicate that killer whales can prey upon juvenile humpbacks. Mothers and (possibly related) adults escort neonates to deter such predation. It's believed that orcas turned to other prey when humpbacks suffered near-extinction during the whaling era but are now resuming their former practice.
Humpback whales were hunted by humans on a commercial level as early as the 18th century. By the 19th century, many nations (the United States in particular) were hunting the animal heavily in the Atlantic and to a lesser extent in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The explosive harpoon introduced in the late 19th century, along with the extension of hunting into the Antarctic ocean from 1904, drastically reduced whale populations. During the 20th century, over 200,000 humpbacks were taken, reducing the global population by over 90%. North Atlantic populations dropped to as low as 700 individuals.
In 1946, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) was founded: they imposed hunting regulations and seasons. To prevent extinction, IWC banned commercial humpback whaling in 1966, by which time the global population had been reduced to around 5,000 animals (around 90% having been exterminated). The Soviet Union deliberately under-recorded its catches; the Soviets reported catching 2,820 whales between 1947 and 1972, but the true number was over 48,000.
As of 2004, hunting was restricted to a few animals each year off the Caribbean island of Bequia in the nation of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The take is not believed to threaten the local population. Japan's announcement that it planned to kill 50 humpbacks in the 2007/08 season under its JARPA II "research" program sparked global protests and a visit to Tokyo by the IWC chair, and the Japanese whaling fleet agreed to take no humpback whales during the two years it would take to reach a formal agreement. In 2010, the IWC authorized Greenland's native population to hunt a few humpback whales for the following three years.
In Japan, humpback, minkes, sperm, and many other smaller Odontoceti, including critically endangered species such as North Pacific right, western gray, and northern fin whales, have been targets of illegal captures. Humpback meat can be found on the markets. Harpoons are used to hunt dolphins or intentionally drive whales into nets, reporting them as cases of entanglement. Unknown numbers of humpbacks have been illegally hunted in the Exclusive Economic Zones of anti-whaling nations such as off Mexico and South Africa.
Because they're easily approachable, curious, identifiable as individuals, and display many interesting behaviors, they have become the mainstay of whale tourism around the world. Analyses of whale songs in the 1960s led to worldwide media interest and convinced the public that whales were highly intelligent, aiding the anti-whaling advocates. Humpbacks are popular with whale-watchers because of their distinctive surface behaviors: they frequently breach, throwing two-thirds or more of their bodies out of the water and splashing down on their backs. Some humpbacks, referred to as "friendlies," often stay under or near whale-watching boats for many minutes.
While whaling no longer threatens the species, individuals are vulnerable to collisions with ships, entanglement in fishing gear, and noise pollution. Like other cetaceans, humpbacks can be injured by excessive noise. In the 19th century, two humpback whales were found dead near sites of repeated oceanic sub-bottom blasting, with traumatic injuries and fractures in the ears.
The species was listed as vulnerable in 1996 and endangered as recently as 1988. In August 2008, the IUCN changed humpback's status from "vulnerable" to "least concern," although two subpopulations remain endangered. Most monitored stocks have rebounded since the end of commercial whaling and now reach around 80,000 worldwide. Though the North Atlantic stocks are believed to be approaching pre-hunting level, the species is still considered endangered in some countries, including the United States.
PNCA presents The Big Draw. October 25, 2014. The Big Draw includes activities for ages 4-99 including drawing with pencils and pastels, with vegetable colors and threads and drawing as observation and as performance. As the event unfolds, our individual and collaborative drawings will intersect our Campus Commons in myriad lines and shapes. Come and reframe the expectations of drawing with your mark-making at The Big Draw.
The 2014 Big Draw will run from October 1st to November 2nd across the UK and in twenty other countries, with 280,000 people expected to join in over 1000+ events. The Big Draw offers thousands of enjoyable drawing activities, which connect people of all ages with museums, outdoor spaces, artists, designers, illustrators - and each other. These events are for those who love to draw, as well as for those who think they can’t!
At PNCA, in addition to traditional drawing materials, join us for non-traditional mark-making including 3D drawing, Giant Crayons drawing, needle & thread images, drawings that move, and our event’s centerpiece, the Big World Drawing. There will also be a Zine Factory hosted by Sarah Wolf Newlands’ Freshman Inquiry classes, “Work of Art,” from Portland State University.
Photographs by Matthew Gaston.
The campus includes a Historic District, which comprises ten buildings that are each listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The three anchors of the Historic District are the Robert O. Wilder Building also known as "The Mansion," Woodworth Chapel, and Brownlee Gymnasium. Standing in the center of the campus, "The Mansion" overlooks the ensemble of buildings forming the College's historic core. The Mansion, constructed in 1860, as the home of John W. Boddie, a wealthy cotton planter and the centerpiece of his 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) plantation, became the nucleus for Tougaloo College and is the oldest building on campus. It is presently being restored.
Woodworth Chapel, originally known as Woodworth Church, was built in 1901, by dedicated students under the direction of Walker Frazier, head carpenter. It was restored and rededicated in 2002. In September 2004, the National Trust for Historic Preservation awarded Tougaloo College the National Preservation Honor Award for the restoration of Woodworth Chapel. The restoration was also recognized by the Mississippi Chapter of the American Institute of Architects who bestowed its Honor Award. Located in the heart of the campus beside Woodworth Chapel is the third anchor of the Historic District, Brownlee Gymnasium. Built in 1947, the building was named in honor of Dr. Fred L. Brownlee, former general secretary of the American Missionary Association.
This is a photograph from the Forest Marathon festival 2013 which was held in the beautiful Coillte forest of Portumna in Co. Galway, Ireland on Saturday 15th June 2013. The event includes a 10k, a full marathon, a half marathon and two ultra-running events - a 50k and 100k race. The races started at 08:00 with the 100KM, the 50KM at 10:00, and subsequent races at two hour intervals onwards. All events started and finished within the forest with the exception of the half marathon and marathon which started outside of the forest. All events see participants complete 5KM loops of the forest which start and end at the car-park/amenity end of the forest. There is an official Refreshment/Handling Zones at this point on the loop.
The event was organised by international coach Sebastien Locteau from SportsIreland.ie and his fantastic team of volunteers from Galway and beyond. Congratulations to Seb on organising a very professionally run event and an event which is growing bigger and more prestigious with each passing year. There was an incredible atmosphere amongst the runners, the spectators, and the organisers. Hats off to everyone involved.
The marathon, 50KM, and 100KM events are sanctioned by Athletics Ireland and AIMS (the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races). The event has also achieved IAU (International Association of Ultrarunners) Bronze Label status for 2013.
Electronic timing was provided by RedTagTiming: www.redtagtiming.com/
Energy Bars, Gels, Drinks etc were provided by Fuel4Sport: www.fuel4sport.ie/
This is a set of photographs taken at various points on the 5KM loop in the Forest and contains photographs of competitors from all of the events except the 10KM race.
Viewing this on a smartphone device?
If you are viewing this Flickr set on a smartphone and you want to see the larger version(s) of this photograph then: scroll down to the bottom of this description under the photograph and click the "View info about this photo..." link. You will be brought to a new page and you should click the link "View All Sizes".
Overall Race Summary
Participants: Approximately 600 people took part across all of the events which were staged: 10km, half marathon, marathon, 50km, and 100KM.
Weather: The weather was unfortunately not what a summer's day in June should be like - there was rain, some breeze, but mild temperatures.
Course: This is a fast flat course depending on your event. The course is left handed around the Forest and roughly looks like a figure of 8 in terms of routing.
Location Map: Start/finish area on Google StreetView [goo.gl/maps/WWTgD] are inside the parklands and trails
Refreshments: There are no specific refreshments but the race organizers provide very adequate supplies for all participants.
Some Useful Links
Official Race Event Website: www.forestmarathon.com/
The Boards.ie Athletics Forum Thread for the 2013 Event: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056874371
A GPS Garmin Trace of the Course Profile (from the 50KM event) connect.garmin.com/activity/189495781
Our Flickr Photographs from the 2012 Events: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157630146344494/
Our Flickr Photographs from the 2011 Events: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157626865466587/
Title Sponsors Sports Ireland Website: sites.google.com/a/sportsireland.ie/welcome-sports-irelan...
A VIDEO of the Course: www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=2FLxE...
Google StreetView of the Entrance to Portuma Forest: goo.gl/maps/MX62O
Wikipedia: Read about Portumna and Portumna Forest Park: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portumna#Portumna_Forest_Park
Coilte Ourdoors Website: www.coillteoutdoors.ie/?id=53&rec_site=115
Portumna Forest on EveryTrails: www.everytrail.com/guide/portumna-forest-park-woodland-tr...
More about the IAU Bronze Label: www.iau-ultramarathon.org/index.asp?menucode=h07&tmp=...
How can I get a full resolution copy of these photographs?
All of the photographs here on this Flickr set have a visible watermark embedded in them. All of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available offline, free, at no cost, at full image resolution WITHOUT watermark. We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us. This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember - all we ask is for you to link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. Taking the photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc.
If you would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
From Sunday's action at Airbourne - the Eastbourne Airshow. The Matadors slide in unison across the sky
Includes:
✿︎ Sparkling floor - HUD (40colors)
✿︎Sparkling floor with different speed
♡︎P.S. The script does not change (you can change the object but not scripts)
✿︎Land impact from 2 or more, depending on the size.
This is my portfolio on which i have tried to include some of my works that i have done in college and outside it. I like all the projects that I did during the course because each of them had problems to solve that led to an improvement in my skills. What I preferred best was the drawing of 3D plans for building concepts and the construction of the maquettes because those related directly to what I want to study for afterward.
One of my favourite 3D projects was ``Bridge project``. The aim of this project was to create a bridge using skeleton shapes, so I had to do some observational drawings that could help me on my further stages for creating a linking bridge for Stanmore College. My first experimental work was with paper and there were simple ribs form. Next experimental work had more a bridge form and the material were cartoon. These practical works helped me a lot understanding how to create shapes of a 3D maquette, and also taking ideas from each experimental work for my final piece. Next stage of my bridge project was finding the location of where my bridge would be placed on with measurements of it and to do my final design. Then I set up my final maquette of my bridge. I used different materials inspired by different artists like Wood-inspired by Frank LLoyd Alter and Glass- inspired by Zaha Hadid. After I built it I photoshoped between two buildings of the College.
The last project was FMP (Final Major Project), and it was about creating something on my own, using techniques and artists that we had worked on our previous projects. So, I thought doing something architectural, but first I did some material experimental works, so I would-be well-prepared working with them and would manage to finish it on time. This was the most challenging project as we were in lockdown and I had to work with materials that I had at home. So, the first experimental work was using wood inspired by FRANK Lloyd Wright, and the second experimental work was using glass inspired by Zaha Hadid. These simple experimental works helped me a lot on working with the materials and treating my project on the right way so I could finish it on time and on a perfect shape. I followed Frank Lloyd Wright way of working for my FMP and It helped me a lot as it was a step-by-step work (From 2D drawing and planning to 3D maquette.) So, for my final one I chose to transform the location of London Eye to a maquette but adding something an extra part like a playground by myself. On each project I try to take pictures with a good light source so a lot of details would be better shown. I feel so proud of that project, because I did my best and I learnt a lot of new things.
My favourite type of drawing is Perspective drawing. I enjoyed a lot practicing it. From lessons I learnt how to draw objects from observation using the horizon line and finding the vanishing points of it.
Also i have included some of my personal works that i have done in my free time like drawing and painting and some AutoCad just to practise myself on it.
Alto Malcantone is a Swiss municipality of 1,414 inhabitants in the Canton of Ticino , in the district of Lugano .
The municipality is located in Malcantone , on the southern slopes of the Monte Lema - Monte Tamaro chain . The Magliasina , which crosses the territory, originates on Mount Gradiccioli , which is also the highest point in the municipality at 1936 m above sea level .
The municipality was established on 14 March 2005 with the merger of the suppressed municipalities of Arosio , Breno , Fescoggia , Mugena and Vezio ; the municipal capital is Breno.
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel.
Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the United Nations. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and performs highly also on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zürich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living.
It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state.
Since 1848 the Swiss Confederation has been a federal republic of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of federation that goes back more than 700 years, putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
The early history of the region is tied to that of Alpine culture. Switzerland was inhabited by the Helvetii, and it came under Roman rule in the 1st century BC. The Gallo-Roman culture was amalgamated with Germanic influence during Late Antiquity, with the eastern part of Switzerland becoming Alemannic territory. The area of Switzerland was incorporated into the Frankish Empire in the 6th century. In the High Middle Ages, the eastern part became part of the Duchy of Swabia within the Holy Roman Empire, while the western part was part of Burgundy.
The Old Swiss Confederacy in the Late Middle Ages (the Eight Cantons) established its independence from the House of Habsburg and the Duchy of Burgundy, and in the Italian Wars gained territory south of the Alps from the Duchy of Milan. The Swiss Reformation divided the Confederacy and resulted in a drawn-out history of internal strife between the Thirteen Cantons in the Early Modern period. In the wake of the French Revolution, Switzerland fell to a French invasion in 1798 and was reformed into the Helvetic Republic, a French client state. Napoleon's Act of Mediation in 1803 restored the status of Switzerland as a Confederation, and after the end of the Napoleonic period, the Swiss Confederation underwent a period of turmoil culminating in a brief civil war in 1847 and the creation of a federal constitution in 1848.
The history of Switzerland since 1848 has been largely one of success and prosperity. Industrialisation transformed the traditional agricultural economy, and Swiss neutrality during the World Wars and the success of the banking industry furthered the ascent of Switzerland to its status as one of the world's most stable economies.
Switzerland signed a free-trade agreement with the European Economic Community in 1972 and has participated in the process of European integration by way of bilateral treaties, but it has notably resisted full accession to the European Union (EU) even though its territory almost completely (except for the microstate Liechtenstein) has been surrounded by EU member states since 1995. In 2002, Switzerland joined the United Nations.
Archeological evidence suggests that hunter-gatherers were already settled in the lowlands north of the Alps in the Middle Paleolithic period 150,000 years ago. Agriculture in Switzerland began around 5500 BC. By the Neolithic period, the area was relatively densely populated. Remains of Bronze Age pile dwellings from as early as 3800 BC have been found in the shallow areas of many lakes. Around 1500 BC, Celtic tribes settled in the area. The Raetians lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the Helvetii.
A female who died in about 200 B.C. was found buried in a carved tree trunk during a construction project at the Kern school complex in March 2017 in Aussersihl. Archaeologists revealed that she was approximately 40 years old when she died and likely carried out little physical labor when she was alive. A sheepskin coat, a belt chain, a fancy wool dress, a scarf and a pendant made of glass, and amber beads were also discovered with the woman.
In 58 BC, the Helvetii tried to evade migratory pressure from Germanic tribes by moving into Gaul, but were defeated by Julius Caesar's armies and then sent back. The alpine region became integrated into the Roman Empire and was extensively romanized in the course of the following centuries. The center of Roman administration was at Aventicum (Avenches). In 259, Alamanni tribes overran the Limes, putting the settlements on Swiss territory on the frontier of the Roman Empire.
With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Germanic tribes entered the area. Burgundians settled in the west; while in the north, Alamanni settlers slowly forced the earlier Celto-Roman population to retreat into the mountains. Burgundy became a part of the kingdom of the Franks in 534; two years later, the dukedom of the Alamans followed suit. In the Alaman-controlled region, only isolated Christian communities continued to exist and Irish monks re-introduced the Christian faith in the early 7th century.
Under the Carolingian kings, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishoprics were important bases for maintaining the rule. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 assigned Upper Burgundy (the western part of what is today Switzerland) to Lotharingia, and Alemannia (the eastern part) to the eastern kingdom of Louis the German which would become part of the Holy Roman Empire.
In the 10th century, as the rule of the Carolingians waned, Magyars destroyed Basel in 917 and St. Gallen in 926. Only after the victory of King Otto I over the Magyars in 955 in the Battle of Lechfeld, were the Swiss territories reintegrated into the empire.
In the 12th century, the dukes of Zähringen were given authority over part of the Burgundy territories which covered the western part of modern Switzerland. They founded many cities, including Fribourg in 1157, and Bern in 1191. The Zähringer dynasty ended with the death of Berchtold V in 1218, and their cities subsequently became reichsfrei (essentially a city-state within the Holy Roman Empire), while the dukes of Kyburg competed with the house of Habsburg over control of the rural regions of the former Zähringer territory.
Under the Hohenstaufen rule, the alpine passes in Raetia and the St Gotthard Pass gained importance. The latter especially became an important direct route through the mountains. Uri (in 1231) and Schwyz (in 1240) were accorded the Reichsfreiheit to grant the empire direct control over the mountain pass. Most of the territory of Unterwalden at this time belonged to monasteries that had previously become reichsfrei.
The extinction of the Kyburg dynasty paved the way for the Habsburg dynasty to bring much of the territory south of the Rhine under their control, aiding their rise to power. Rudolph of Habsburg, who became King of Germany in 1273, effectively revoked the status of Reichsfreiheit granted to the "Forest Cantons" of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. The Forest Cantons thus lost their independent status and were governed by reeves.
By 1353, the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the city-states of Lucerne, Zürich, and Bern, forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the 15th century. The Holy Roman Empire built roads and bridges to connect the industrial region of north Italy with the Rhine (linked with the other industrial area of Middle Age Europe, the Burgundian Netherlands), making the peasants and bankers on the road rich, allowing them to buy specialized Italian armor and to stop paying the road collecting taxes to the Empire who built the road. At the Battle of Sempach in 1386, the Swiss defeated the Habsburgs, gaining increased autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire.
Zürich was expelled from the Confederation from 1440 to 1450 due to a conflict over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zürich War). The Confederation's power and wealth increased significantly, with victories over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the Burgundian Wars (1474–1477), greatly due to the success of the Swiss mercenaries, a powerful infantry force constituted by professional soldiers originally from the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. They were notable for their service in foreign armies, especially among the military forces of the Kings of France, throughout the Early Modern period of European history, from the Late Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Their service as mercenaries was at its peak during the Renaissance when their proven battlefield capabilities made them sought-after mercenary troops. The traditional listing order of the cantons of Switzerland reflects this state, listing the eight "Old Cantons" first, with the city-states preceding the founding cantons, followed by cantons that joined the Confederation after 1481, in historical order.
The Swiss defeated the Swabian League in 1499 and gained greater collective autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire, including exemption from the Imperial reforms of 1495 and immunity from most Imperial courts. In 1506, Pope Julius II engaged the Swiss Guard, which continues to serve the papacy to the present day. The expansion of the Confederation and the reputation of invincibility acquired during the earlier wars suffered its first setback in 1515 with the Swiss defeat in the Battle of Marignano and Battle of Bicocca.
The Reformation in Switzerland began in 1523, led by Huldrych Zwingli, priest of the Great Minster church in Zürich since 1518. Zürich adopted the Protestant religion, joined by Berne, Basel, and Schaffhausen, while Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Nidwalden, Zug, Fribourg, and Solothurn remained Catholic. Glarus and Appenzell were split. This led to multiple inter-cantonal religious wars (Kappeler Kriege) in 1529 and 1531, as each canton usually made the opposing religion illegal, and to the formation of two diets, the Protestant one meeting in Aarau and the Catholic one in Lucerne (as well as the formal full diet still meeting usually in Baden), despite this the Confederation survived.
During the Thirty Years' War, Switzerland was a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" (Grimmelshausen) in war-torn Europe, mostly because all major powers in Europe depended on Swiss mercenaries, and would not let Switzerland fall into the hands of one of their rivals. Politically, they all tried to take influence, by way of mercenary commanders such as Jörg Jenatsch or Johann Rudolf Wettstein. The Drei Bünde of Grisons, at that point not yet a member of the Confederacy, were involved in the war from 1620, which led to their loss of the Valtellina in 1623.
At the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, Switzerland attained legal independence from the Holy Roman Empire. The Valtellina became a dependency of the Drei Bünde again after the Treaty and remained so until the founding of the Cisalpine Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797.
In 1653, peasants of territories subject to Lucerne, Bern, Solothurn, and Basel revolted because of currency devaluation. Although the authorities prevailed in this Swiss peasant war, they did pass some tax reforms and the incident in the long term prevented an absolutist development as would occur at some other courts of Europe. The confessional tensions remained, however, and erupted again in the First War of Villmergen, in 1656, and the Toggenburg War (or Second War of Villmergen), in 1712.
During the French Revolutionary Wars, the French army invaded Switzerland and turned it into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic" (1798–1803). It had a central government with little role for cantons. The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place.
Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic bastions, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in the central part of Switzerland. The French Army suppressed the uprisings but support for revolutionary ideas steadily declined. The reform element was weak, and most Swiss resented their loss of local democracy, centralization, new taxes, warfare, and hostility to religion.
Major steps taken to emancipate the Jews included the repeal of special taxes and oaths in 1798. However, many such reforms were turned back in 1815, and not until 1879 were the Jews granted equal rights with the Christians.
In 1803, Napoleon's Act of Mediation partially restored the sovereignty of the cantons, and the former tributary and allied territories of Aargau, Thurgau, Grisons, St. Gallen, Vaud, and Ticino became cantons with equal rights. Napoleon and his enemies fought numerous campaigns in Switzerland that ruined many localities.
The Congress of Vienna of 1814–15 fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to recognize permanent Swiss neutrality. At this time, Valais, Neuchâtel, and Geneva also joined Switzerland as new cantons, thereby extending Swiss territory to its current boundaries.
The long-term impact of the French Revolution has been assessed (by William Martin):
It proclaimed the equality of citizens before the law, equality of languages, and freedom of thought and faith; it created Swiss citizenship, the basis of our modern nationality, and the separation of powers, of which the old regime had no conception; it suppressed internal tariffs and other economic restraints; it unified weights and measures, reformed civil and penal law, authorized mixed marriages (between Catholics and Protestants), suppressed torture and improved justice; it developed education and public works.
On 6 April 1814, the so-called "Long Diet" (delegates from all the nineteen cantons) met at Zürich to replace the constitution.
Cantonal constitutions were worked out independently from 1814, in general restoring the late feudal conditions of the 17th and 18th centuries. The Tagsatzung was reorganized by the Federal Treaty (Bundesvertrag) of 7 August 1815.
The liberal Free Democratic Party of Switzerland was strong in the largely Protestant cantons and obtained the majority in the Federal Diet in the early 1840s. It proposed a new Constitution for the Swiss Confederation which would draw the several cantons into a closer relationship. In addition to the centralization of the Swiss government, the new Constitution also included protections for trade and other progressive reform measures. The Federal Diet, with the approval of a majority of cantons, had taken measures against the Catholic Church such as the closure of monasteries and convents in Aargau in 1841, and the seizure of their properties. Catholic Lucerne, in retaliation,1844 recalled the Jesuits to head its education. That succeeded and seven Catholic cantons formed the "Sonderbund." This caused a liberal-radical move in the Protestant cantons to take control of the national Diet in 1847. The Diet ordered the Sonderbund dissolved, igniting a small-scale civil war against rural cantons that were strongholds of pro-Catholic ultramontanism.
The Radical-liberal-Protestant element charged that the Sonderbund violated the Federal Treaty of 1815, § 6 of which expressly forbade such separate alliances. Forming a majority in the Tagsatzung they decided to dissolve the Sonderbund on October 21, 1847. The odds were against the Catholics, who were heavily outnumbered in population; they were outnumbered in soldiers by 79,000 to 99,000 and lacked enough well-trained soldiers, officers, and generals. When the Sonderbund refused to disband, the national army attacked in a brief civil war between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons, known as the Sonderbundskrieg ("Sonderbund War".) The national army was composed of soldiers from all the other cantons except Neuchâtel and Appenzell Innerrhoden (which remained neutral). The Sonderbund was easily defeated in less than a month; there were about 130 killed. Apart from small riots, this was the last armed conflict on Swiss territory. Many Sonderbund leaders fled to Italy, but the victors were generous. They invited the defeated cantons to join them in a program of federal reform, and a new constitution was drafted along American lines. National issues were to be under the control of the national parliament, and the Jesuits were expelled. The Swiss voted heavily in favor of the new constitution by 2 million against 300,000. Switzerland became calm. However, conservatives around Europe became frightened and prepared their forces to meet possible challenges, which indeed soon exploded the Revolutions of 1848. In those violent revolutions, outside Switzerland, the conservatives were always successful.
As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal constitution in 1848, amending it extensively in 1874 and establishing federal responsibility for defense, trade, and legal matters, leaving all other matters to the cantonal governments. From then, and over much of the 20th century, continuous political, economic, and social improvement has characterized Swiss history.
While Switzerland was primarily rural, the cities experienced an industrial revolution in the late 19th century, focused especially on textiles. In Basel, for example, textiles, including silk, were the leading industry. In 1888 women made up 44% of the wage earners. Nearly half the women worked in the textile mills, with household servants as the second largest job category. The share of women in the workforce was higher between 1890 and 1910 than it was in the late 1960s and 1970s.
Swiss Universities in the late 19th century are notable for the number of female students receiving medical education.
The major powers respected Switzerland's neutrality during World War I. In the Grimm–Hoffmann Affair, the Allies denounced a proposal by one politician to negotiate peace on the Eastern Front; they wanted the war there to continue to tie Germany down.
While the industrial sector began to grow in the mid-19th century, Switzerland's emergence as one of the most prosperous nations in Europe—the "Swiss miracle"—was a development of the short 20th century, among other things tied to the role of Switzerland during the World Wars.
Germany considered invading Switzerland during World War II but never attacked. Under General Henri Guisan, the Swiss army prepared for the mass mobilization of militia forces against invasion and prepared strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps known as the Réduit. Switzerland remained independent and neutral through a combination of military deterrence, economic concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion.
Attempts by Switzerland's small Nazi party to cause an Anschluss with Germany failed miserably, largely due to Switzerland's multicultural heritage, a strong sense of national identity, and long tradition of direct democracy and civil liberties. The Swiss press vigorously criticized the Third Reich, often infuriating German leaders. Switzerland was an important base for espionage by both sides in the conflict and often mediated communications between the Axis and Allied powers.
Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and the Axis. Both sides openly exerted pressure on Switzerland not to trade with the other. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion, and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached their zenith after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland surrounded by the Axis. Switzerland relied on trade for half of its food and essentially all of its fuel, but controlled vital trans-alpine rail tunnels between Germany and Italy.
Switzerland's most important exports during the war were precision machine tools, watches, jewel bearings (used in bombsights), electricity, and dairy products. During World War Two, the Swiss franc was the only remaining major freely convertible currency in the world, and both the Allies and the Germans sold large amounts of gold to the Swiss National Bank. Between 1940 and 1945, the German Reichsbank sold 1.3 billion francs worth of gold to Swiss Banks in exchange for Swiss francs and other foreign currency.
Hundreds of millions of francs worth of this gold was monetary gold plundered from the central banks of occupied countries. 581,000 francs of "Melmer" gold taken from Holocaust victims in eastern Europe was sold to Swiss banks. In total, trade between Germany and Switzerland contributed about 0.5% to the German war effort but did not significantly lengthen the war.
Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned 300,000 refugees. 104,000 of these were foreign troops interned according to the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers outlined in the Hague Conventions. The rest were foreign civilians and were either interned or granted tolerance or residence permits by the cantonal authorities. Refugees were not allowed to hold jobs. 60,000 of the refugees were civilians escaping persecution by the Nazis. Of these, 26,000 to 27,000 were Jews. Between 10,000 and 25,000 civilian refugees were refused entry. At the beginning of the war, Switzerland had a Jewish population of between 18,000 and 28,000 and a total population of about 4 million.
Within Switzerland at the time of the conflict, there was moderate polarization. Some were pacifists. Some took sides according to international capitalism or international communism. Others leaned more towards their language group, with some in French-speaking areas more pro-Allied, and some in Swiss-German areas more pro-Axis. The government attempted to thwart the activities of any individual, party, or faction in Switzerland that acted with extremism or attempted to break the unity of the nation. The Swiss-German speaking areas moved linguistically further away from the standard (high) German spoken in Germany, with more emphasis on local Swiss dialects.
In the 1960s, significant controversy arose among historians regarding the nation's relations with Nazi Germany.
By the 1990s the controversies included a class-action lawsuit brought in New York over Jewish assets in Holocaust-era bank accounts. The government commissioned an authoritative study of Switzerland's interaction with the Nazi regime. The final report by this independent panel of international scholars, known as the Bergier Commission, was issued in 2002.
During the Cold War, Swiss authorities considered the construction of a Swiss nuclear bomb. Leading nuclear physicists at the Federal Institute of Technology Zurich such as Paul Scherrer made this a realistic possibility. However, financial problems with the defense budget prevented substantial funds from being allocated, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 was seen as a valid alternative. All remaining plans for building nuclear weapons were dropped by 1988.
From 1959, the Federal Council, elected by the parliament, is composed of members of the four major parties, the Protestant Free Democrats, the Catholic Christian Democrats, the left-wing Social Democrats, and the right-wing People's Party, essentially creating a system without a sizeable parliamentary opposition (see concordance system), reflecting the powerful position of an opposition in a direct democracy.
In 1963, Switzerland joined the Council of Europe. In 1979, parts of the canton of Bern attained independence, forming the new canton of Jura.
Switzerland's role in many United Nations and international organizations helped to mitigate the country's concern for neutrality. In 2002, Switzerland voters gave 55% of their vote in favour of the UN and joined the United Nations. This followed decades of debate and its previous rejection of membership in 1986 by a 3-1 popular vote.
Swiss women gained the right to vote in national-level elections in 1971, and an equal rights amendment was ratified in 1981, however it was not until 1990 that the courts established full nationwide voting rights for women in all elections.
Switzerland is not a member state of the EU but has been (together with Liechtenstein) surrounded by EU territory since the joining of Austria in 1995. In 2005, Switzerland agreed to join the Schengen treaty and Dublin Convention by popular vote. In February 2014, Swiss voters approved a referendum to reinstitute quotas on immigration to Switzerland, setting off a period of finding an implementation that would not violate the EU's freedom of movement accords that Switzerland adopted.
Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland decided to adopt all EU sanctions against Russia. According to the Swiss President Ignazio Cassis, the measures were "unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality". The administration also confirmed that Switzerland would continue to offer its services to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. Switzerland only participates in humanitarian missions and provides relief supplies to the Ukrainian population and neighbouring countries.
Agamids, lizards of the family Agamidae, include more than 300 species in Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards. Phylogenetically they may be sister to the Iguanidae, and have a similar appearance. Agamids usually have well-developed, strong legs. Their tails cannot be shed and regenerated like those of geckoes, though a certain amount of regeneration is observed in some. Many agamid species are capable of limited change of their colours to regulate their body temperature. In some species, males are more brightly coloured than females and colours play a part in signaling and reproductive behaviours.[5] Although agamids generally inhabit warm environments, ranging from hot deserts to tropical rainforests, at least one species, the Mountain Dragon, is found in cooler regions.
This group of lizards includes some more popularly known, such as the domesticated bearded dragon and the uromastyx.
One of the key distinguishing features of the agamids is their teeth, which are borne on the outer rim of the mouth (acrodont), rather than on the inner side of the jaws (pleurodont). This feature is shared with the chameleons, but is otherwise unusual among lizards. Agamid lizards are generally diurnal, with good vision, and include a number of arboreal species, in addition to ground and rock-dwellers. They generally feed on insects and other arthropods (such as spiders), although some larger species may include small reptiles or mammals, nestling birds, flowers or other vegetable matter in their diets.The great majority of agamid species are oviparous
Plenty of little lizards about in Corsica - must scurry off at the first sign of movement, but this one posed for me
NC3 Conference – Gateway Technical College – July 18-22, 2022 Events & Workshops include NC3 Presentation Speaker - Networking Sessions - Copeland Compression Training - Handtool Identification and TPMS5 and Leadership Awards Ceremony.
YAD: Youths take centre stage in reproductive health education.
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The youths always include a skit about domestic violence in their performances because they say they see so much of it in their communities. Other topics include protection from HIV/AIDS and STDs and contraception. Girls like Hap, 18, (facing Sokleng, 23) are becoming more confident to discuss reproductive-health issues that adults in her community tend to shy away from. She says the education she received on menstruation and hygiene is helpful for understanding the changes girls experience during puberty.