include photos on Flickr

The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last manually operated cable car system and an icon of the city of San Francisco. The system forms part of the intermodal urban transport network operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway, which also includes the separate E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves heritage streetcar lines, and the Muni Metro modern light rail system. Of the 23 cable car lines established between 1873 and 1890, only three remain (one of which combines parts of two earlier lines): two routes from downtown near Union Square to Fisherman's Wharf, and a third route along California Street. While the cable cars are used to a certain extent by commuters, the vast majority of the millions of passengers who use the system every year are tourists, and as a result, the wait to get on can often reach two hours or more. They are among the most significant tourist attractions in the city, along with Alcatraz Island, the Golden Gate Bridge, and Fisherman's Wharf. San Francisco's cable cars are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are designated as a National Historic Landmark.

In 1869, Andrew Smith Hallidie had the idea for a cable car system in San Francisco, reportedly after witnessing an accident in which a streetcar drawn by horses over wet cobblestones slid backwards, killing the horses. Hallidie solicited financial support in 1871 and 1872, and his primary backers were Henry L. Davis, Joseph Britton, and James Moffit.

The first successful cable-operated street running train was the Clay Street Hill Railroad, which had its inaugural run on August 2, 1873. The promoter of the line was Hallidie, and the engineer was William Eppelsheimer; both Hallidie and Eppelsheimer obtained several patents for their work on the Clay Street line. The line involved the use of grip cars, which carried the grip that engaged with the cable, towing trailer cars; the design was the first to use grips. The term "grip" became synonymous with the operator.

The line started regular service on September 1, 1873, and its success led it to become the template for other cable car transit systems. It was a financial success, and Hallidie's patents were enforced on other cable car promoters, making him wealthy.

Accounts differ as to the precise degree of Hallidie's involvement in the inception of the line, and to the exact date on which it first ran. According to the franchise granted by the city, operations were required to begin by August 1, 1873. Retrospective published in 1895 stated that a single car was run over the line at 4 AM on the morning of August 1 with few witnesses to ensure the franchise would not expire. Eppelsheimer would later bring a suit against Hallidie and the Clay Street Hill RR in June 1877 over patents, but dismissed it voluntarily the following March.

The next cable car line to open was the Sutter Street Railway, which converted from horse operation in January 1877. This line introduced the side grip, and lever operation, both designed by Henry Casebolt and his assistant Asa Hovey, and patented by Casebolt. This idea came about because Casebolt did not want to pay Hallidie royalties of $50,000 a year for the use of his patent. The side grip allowed cable cars to cross at intersections.

In 1878, Leland Stanford opened his California Street Cable Railroad (Cal Cable). This company's first line was on California Street, and is the oldest cable car line still in operation. In 1880, the Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway began operation. The Presidio and Ferries Railway followed two years later, and was the first cable company to include curves on its routes. The curves were "let-go" curves, in which the car drops the cable and coasts around the curve on its own momentum.

In 1883, the Market Street Cable Railway opened its first line. This company was controlled by the Southern Pacific Railroad and would grow to become San Francisco's largest cable car operator. At its peak, it operated five lines, all of which converged on Market Street to a common terminus at the Ferry Building. During rush hours, cars left that terminus every 15 seconds.

In 1888, the Ferries and Cliff House Railway opened its initial two-line system. The Powell–Mason line is still operated on the same route today; their other route was the Powell–Washington–Jackson line, stretches of which are used by today's Powell–Hyde line. The Ferries & Cliff House Railway was also responsible for the building of a car barn and powerhouse at Washington and Mason, and this site is still in use today. In the same year, it also purchased the original Clay Street Hill Railway, which it incorporated into a new Sacramento–Clay line in 1892.

In 1889, the Omnibus Railroad and Cable Company became the last new cable car operator in San Francisco. The following year the California Street Cable Railroad opened two new lines, these being the last entirely new cable car lines built in the city. One of them was the O'Farrell–Jones–Hyde line, the Hyde section of which still remains in operation as part of the current Powell–Hyde line.

In all, twenty-three lines were established between 1873 and 1890.

Originally, the cables were powered by stationary steam engines. For the initial three cables, the Ferries & Cliff House Railway constructed a three-story structure to house two 450-horsepower coal-burning steam engines. The building was complete with a 185-foot-tall smokestack to vent away the heavy black smoke created by the Welsh anthracite coal that the company burned. Expansion of service required two additional 500-horsepower coal-fired steam engines in 1890, and the number and type of engines continued to vary over time. Coal consumption in 1893 was about 10 tons per day. The system was converted to oil in 1901, and the lessened amount of smoke allowed the smokestack to be shortened to 60’; this shortened smokestack still exists at Washington-Mason today.

Electric energy was introduced in 1912, when a 600-horsepower General Electric motor came on-line. By 1926, all steam operation of the cable ended when a second complete electrical drive was installed, a 750-horsepower General Electric product. With reduction in the number of cable car lines, the single 750-horsepower electric motor took over the job of running all of the lines. The problem with that configuration was that if one cable car on one line broke down, all lines had to be stopped. After the 1984 reconstruction, each of the four cables for the three lines (California, Hyde, Mason and Powell) is separately powered by its own 510-hp electric motor.

The first electric streetcars in San Francisco began operation in 1892 under the auspices of the San Francisco and San Mateo Electric Railway.

By the beginning of 1906 many of San Francisco's remaining cable cars were under the control of the United Railroads of San Francisco (URR), although Cal Cable and the Geary Street Company remained independent. URR was pressing to convert many of its cable lines to overhead electric traction, but this was met with resistance from opponents who objected to what they saw as ugly overhead lines on the major thoroughfares of the city center.

Those objections disappeared after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The quake and resulting fire destroyed the power houses and car barns of both the Cal Cable and the URR's Powell Street lines, together with the 117 cable cars stored within them. The subsequent race to rebuild the city allowed the URR to replace most of its cable car lines with electric streetcar lines. By 1912, only eight cable car lines remained, all with steep grades impassable to electric streetcars. In the 1920s and 1930s, these remaining lines came under pressure from the much improved motor buses of the era, which could now climb steeper hills than the electric streetcar. By 1944, five of those cable car lines had survived: the two Powell Street lines – by then under municipal ownership, as part of Muni – and the three lines owned by the still-independent Cal Cable.

In 1947, Mayor Roger Lapham proposed the closure of the two municipally owned lines. In response, a joint meeting of 27 women's civic groups, led by Friedel Klussmann, formed the Citizens' Committee to Save the Cable Cars. In a famous battle of wills, the citizens' committee eventually forced a referendum on an amendment to the city charter, compelling the city to continue operating the Powell Street lines. This passed overwhelmingly, by 166,989 votes to 51,457. Klussman led another campaign in 1948 to have the city acquire Cal Cable, but the referendum fell short of the required 2⁄3 majority, with 58% in favor of acquisition; a second referendum in 1949, requiring a simple majority, passed and the city began negotiations with Cal Cable.

In August 1951, the three Cal Cable lines were shut down when the company was unable to afford insurance. The city purchased and reopened the lines in January 1952, but another referendum that would have funded maintenance for the California Street tracks and the powerhouse and car barn at Hyde and California failed in November 1953. The amendment to the city charter did not protect the newly acquired Cal Cable lines, and the city proceeded with plans to replace them with buses; in addition, businesses in Union Square and downtown began advancing plans to convert O'Farrell to automobile traffic, which would remove service through the Tenderloin district via the inner section of the O'Farrell Jones & Hyde line. The result was a compromise that formed the current system: a protected system made up of the California Street line from Cal Cable, the Powell–Mason line already in municipal ownership, and a third hybrid line formed by grafting the Hyde Street section of Cal Cable's O'Farrell-Jones-Hyde line onto a truncated Powell–Washington–Jackson line, now known as the Powell–Hyde line.

This solution required some rebuilding to convert the Hyde Street trackage and terminus to operation by the single-ended cars of the Powell line, and also to allow the whole system to be operated from a single car barn and power house. Much of the infrastructure remained unchanged from the time of the earthquake.

By 1979, the cable car system had become unsafe; it needed to be closed for seven months for urgently-needed repairs. A subsequent engineering evaluation concluded that it needed comprehensive rebuilding at a cost of $60 million. Mayor Dianne Feinstein, who took charge of the effort, helped win federal funding for the bulk of the rebuilding job. In 1982 the cable car system was closed again for a complete rebuild. This involved the complete replacement of 69 city blocks' worth of tracks and cable channels, the complete rebuilding of the car barn and powerhouse within the original outer brick walls, new propulsion equipment, and the repair or rebuild of 37 cable cars. The system reopened on June 21, 1984, in time to benefit from the publicity that accompanied San Francisco's hosting of that year's Democratic National Convention.

Since 1984, Muni has continued to upgrade the system. Work has included rebuilding of another historical car, the building of nine brand new replacement cars, the building of a new terminal and turntable at the Hyde and Beach terminus, and a new turntable at the Powell and Market terminus.

Between 2017 and 2019, the system received a second, but less extensive rebuild. Over the two year project, Muni rehabilitated the cable car system's gearboxes, which had been in service since the last rebuild in 1984.

The system was shut down in March 2020 to protect operators during the COVID-19 pandemic, as cable cars do not offer a compartment separating them from passengers (unlike Muni buses, which kept running). Limited service on all three lines resumed on August 2, 2021. Full revenue service began on September 4. On September 9, a valve failure caused the fire suppression system in the carbarn to activate, shutting down electric power to the powerhouse. Service resumed on September 18.

The cable cars are an iconic part of San Francisco and are protected National Historic Landmarks, but they are not without their critics. Most complaints center around the high cost of operating a system that mostly serves tourists, and the large number of accidents involving the cable cars.

The cable car lines serve around seven million passengers per year, but the vast majority are tourists, rather than commuters. The area where the cable cars operate is well-served by a large number of buses and trolleybuses that often give residents better options for their trips. Also, during busy times, the wait to board a cable car can often reach two hours or more.

While Muni does allow monthly passholders to ride the cable cars at no additional charge, single ride fares are more than triple the fares charged on other Muni routes. The high fares led the San Francisco Chronicle to describe the cable cars in 2017 as a "cash cow" for Muni, yielding a yearly revenue of around $30 million. Still, according to Mission Local, the cable car system had a $46 million operating deficit in 2019. In 2006, then-Mayor Gavin Newsom reported that he had observed several conductors pocketing cash fares from riders without receipt. The following year, the San Francisco auditor's office reported that the city was not receiving the expected revenue from cable cars, with an estimated 40% of cable car riders riding for free. Muni's management disputed this figure and pointed out that safe operation, rather than revenue collection, is the primary duty of conductors. In 2017, after an audit showing that some conductors were "consistently turn[ing] in low amounts of cash", as well as a sting operation, one conductor was arrested on charges of felony embezzlement.

Among U.S. mass transportation systems the cable cars have the most accidents per year and per vehicle mile, with 126 accidents and 151 injuries reported in the 10 years ending 2013. In the three years ending 2013 the city paid some $8 million to settle four dozen cable car accident claims.

:::KC::: New Tasha Dress by Kendra Sy

68 2

★ Includes:

• Hud with 24 Colors (12 plains colors & 12 Pattern Colors)

• 1 Fitted Size for #TMP

• 2 Fitted Size for Maitreya & Maitreya *Update*.

• 2 Fitted Sizes: Slink 'Physique & Hourglass'

• 1 Fitted Size: Standard Size

• **ATTENTIION!!! NO STANDARD SIZES**

• ALPHA for Classic Avatars

Mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Bad%20Girls/142/113/24

Marketplace:https://marketplace.secondlife.com/p/KC-Tasha-Dress/9391951

Should I give up? Or should I just keep chasing pavements? by ..:: Roxy Mystic ::..

122 2

This very sexy bottom is designed by AYO and called AYO // Danika Set. It includes skirt. panties and harness. The outfit offers 10 colors skirt/panties + 1 harness colors by pack. Only fatpack: mix and match skirt, panties and harness colors. Hide/show panties and 7 harness leather colors. Rigged for LaraX, Legacy, Reborn, juicy rolls. You will find this at the AYO mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Wana/210/56/1505

The next item is this cute top designede by MIDNA and called MIDNA - Ocean Top. It comes in many exciting colors and the knitted sweater top is so well designed, love the textures! The bra is hideable via the hud. It's rigged for Maitreya X, Legacy and ebody Reborn. You will find this at the MIDNA mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Match/93/62/46

Adele - Chasing Pavements

www.youtube.com/watch?v=08DjMT-qR9g

My Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/144130363@N02/

My blog: roxymystic.wixsite.com/intothemystic

My FB: www.facebook.com/roxy.mistic.54/

-- ✿ -- ✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --

AYO

AYO // Danika Set

Available at the AYO mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Wana/210/56/1505

More information about AYO:

Mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Wana/210/56/1505

MP: marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/64159

Primfeed: www.primfeed.com/ayo

Flickr Store: www.flickr.com/photos/191018333@N07/

Flickr Group: www.flickr.com/groups/14764370@N21/

FB: www.facebook.com/AYOboutiquesl

-- ✿ -- ✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --

MIDNA

MIDNA - Ocean Top

Available at the MIDNA mainstore: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Match/93/62/46

More information about MIDNA

Mainstore:

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Match/93/62/46

Marketplace:

marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/200584

Flickr group:

www.flickr.com/groups/midnasl/

Facebook:

www.facebook.com/midnastoresl

-- ✿ -- ✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --

Other information, items/accessories in picture:

HAIR

DOUX - Whiplash

NAILS

Le Forme Bento Nails M03 Princess

JEWELRY

*PKC* LeL EVO X Aries

- Secrets - Akiko Chain Piercing - Silver

- Secrets - Butterfly Ring Set - Silver

PET

JIAN 'dorable Danes 3. Adult Wanderer RARE

ACCESSORIES

SINCHI - Cell Phone Black

-- ✿ -- ✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --✿ --

BEA General view Heathrow 13-6-69 by Chris England

15

Includes Trident 1 G-ARPU, G-ARPN plus 1 other, Trident 2 G-AVFI plus 4 others, 3 Comet 4s, 2 BAC 1-11s, 3 Vanguards, an Aer Lingus Viscount and a PanAm Boeing 707.

The McCoury Brothers at The Station Inn 2008 by collin peterson

1

Ronnie and Rob McCoury play the Station Inn in Nashville with Jason Carter, Alan Bartrum, and Jeff White. Special Guests include Alison Krauss, 2008 IBMA Guitar Player of the Year Josh Williams, and Ronnie Bowman.

... add red ... by @VanveenJF

21 2

Include the colour red (can) increases the visual impact of a figure in a landscape. In fact, the effect is so strong that it led to what some people call the “Red Shirt School of Photography.”

This term was usually used in reference to photography in National Geographic Magazine. From the beginning of colour photography until the 1960s, photographers at National Geographic and other magazines were accused of traveling with red props — shirts, umbrellas, you name it — in their trunks to add a little extra colour to their photos.

*********************

HIT THE 'L' KEY FOR A BETTER VIEW! Thanks for the favs and comments. Much Appreciated.

*********************

© VanveenJF Photography

[LANEVO] Harpy Suit & Arms , Harpy Boots by LANEVO / lantern oyen

76

Introducing two new cyber items from LANEVO!

Harpy Suit & Arms

This set includes a sexy cyber suit and two cyber arms. The suit features a bold design that reveals the back and buttocks. In the Fatpack version, you can customize the color of 8 parts from 24 available colors.

Harpy Boots

These cyberpunk-style boots extend from the toes to the waist. In the Fatpack version, you can customize the color of 4 parts from 24 available colors.

Compatible Bodies

Each item is compatible with the following bodies:

Maitreya Lara

Maitreya Lara X

Legacy Feminine

eBody Reborn

eBody Reborn waifu

Belleza Gen.X Classic

Belleza Gen.X Curvy

Inithium Kupra

Inithium Kupra Kups

Inithium Khara

Product Update Information

v1.1.0 Update:Added support for Reborn Waifu body

(Single\Fatpack)

v1.1.1 Bug fix: Fixed issue where Reborn Waifu body could not change color with HUD

v1.1.2 Bug fix:Fixed the distortion around the chest area for Reborn and Reborn Waifu.

v1.2.2 Update:Included a version with Harpy Arms' Hands hidden in the Fatpack. (Fatpack)

v1.2.3 Bug fix: Added the missing alpha layer for the Gen.X Curvy suit.

Harpy Suit

v2.0.0

Updated texture resolution from 1k to 2k.(Single Pack\Fatpack)

Added support for PBR materials.(Single Pack\Fatpack)

Added a dedicated HUD to hide the Hands of Harpy Arms (Single Pack\Fatpack)

Added a button to the Texture HUD to hide the Hands of Harpy Arms.(Fatpack)

Changed permissions to allow modification (Fatpack).

Harpy Boots

v2.0.0

Updated texture resolution from 1k to 2k.(Single Pack\Fatpack)

Added support for PBR materials.(Single Pack\Fatpack)

Changed permissions to allow modification (Fatpack).

v2.0.1

Change PBR setting value

Demo version is v2.0.0 PBR setting values.

The product version includes the latest version V2.0.1 and the previous version (PBRv2.0.0)

LANEVO Main Store

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Parrot%20Cove/120/113/2647

Enjoy futuristic styling with our new cyber items!

Adur Mist by Malcolm Bull

33 10

11/02/16 #1137. A sunny and crisp start to the day, with mist swirling along the River Adur. Here looking south east towards the roof tops of Shoreham, with the figure of a bait digger at work in the silt.

In Explore at #265 on the 11th February 2016

Tastic-Bat Costume by ChronicXRose Resident

58 6

Main Feature: Tastic-Bat Costume

Halloween Shop and Hop Event Exclusive Opens Oct.5th-November 5th Includes Free Animated Bat Gift at event maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Snapdragon/215/72/53

Sizes: Reborn Waifu Legacy Gen X Classic Curvy Kupra Khara Maitreya Erika

Style Card:

-Belleza- Gen.X Classic

Lelutka Kaya Head

[avarosa] Polly LeL EVO X

VELOUR: The "Ipanema Body" for Belleza Gen X (Curvy)

Stealthic - Seduce

Girl. by Mitsushiro Nakagawa

86 6

title

Girl.

(Nikon.coolpix.8700. Shot.)

Manhattan. New york. America. 2007. shot ... 4 / 6

(Today's photo. It's probably published. But it was edited again in 2021. It may include unpublished ones.)

Images.

Judie Tzuke · Beverley Craven · Julia Fordham … Temporary

youtu.be/_RzmSwRP-7I

Important Notices.

I will distribute my T-shirt to the world for free.

m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50656401427/in/dateposted-p...

m.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/50613367691/in/dateposted-p...

最新のお知らせ。

以下の僕のTシャツ。無料配布。

コロナの影響で、運送方法は国によって変わります。

1/25

一人目が決まりました。

それはドイツの人です。

m.flickr.com/photos/ute_kluge/favorites/

僕は心から感謝します。ありがとう。

:)

２０２０年１２月３日。発送しました。

船便です。２ヶ月から３ヶ月を要します。

2/25

二人目はタイの女性です。

youpic.com/photographer/Abbozzo/

僕は彼女へ受け取って欲しいとお願いしました。

:)

２０２０年１２月１０日。発送しました。

船便です。２ヶ月から３ヶ月を要します。

3/25

3人目はメキシコの女性です。

www.facebook.com/OvejaDeSion

彼女はfotologの頃からずっと僕を支えてくれました。

彼女は僕の道案内をしてくれました。

ありがとう。

:)

２０２０年１２月１０日発送しました。

EMSです。たぶん１ヶ月から２ヶ月以内で到着します。

4/25

4人目は、セルビア共和国の女性です。

youpic.com/photographer/IvanaPopov/

２０２０年１２月１４日発送しました。

船便です。たぶん２ヶ月から３ヶ月以内で到着します。

:)

5/25

５人目は、インドネシアの男性です。

www.flickr.com/photos/33836533@N04/

２０２０年１２月２４日。発送しました。

EMSです。たぶん１ヶ月から２ヶ月以内で到着します。

6/25

6人目は、フランスの方です。

youpic.com/image/18158054/ombre-chinoise-by-ce-pe

www.flickr.com/photos/191604817@N04/

２０２１年１月７日。

僕は発送しました。

:)

7/25

7人目も、フランスの方です。

www.flickr.com/photos/151630891@N07/

www.flickr.com/people/liveworkcreate/

２０２１年１月７日。

僕は発送しました。

:)

8/25

８人目の方はルーマニアの方です。

www.flickr.com/photos/63mr/

2021年１月中に発送します。

:)

9/25

9人目は日本の方です。16歳です。

www.instagram.com/kai.kawazu/

受賞歴

2017 小国町フォトコンテスト2部門

2018 EPSONmeet up selectionデータ部門優秀賞

2020 熊本高文連前期写真コンテスト優秀賞

Webフォトコンテスト協賛メーカー賞

10/25

10人目は、ブラジルの方です。

www.flickr.com/photos/mangelo/

２０２１年２月中に発送します。

:)

11/25

11人目は、アメリカの方です。

youpic.com/photographer/HeathBrunner/

www.flickr.com/photos/181948650@N04/

vmaxrecords.bandcamp.com

soundcloud.com/vmaxrecords

２０２１年２月中に発送します。

:)

12/25

12人目は、日本の方です。

youpic.com/photographer/OsamuTabata/

２０２１年２月中に発送します。

:)

13/25

13人目は、イタリアの方です。

www.flickr.com/photos/122700703@N05/

youpic.com/photographer/raffadepa2019/

cacciatoredisogniblog.wordpress.com

２０２１年２月中に発送します。

14/25

14人目は、ロシアの方です。

www.flickr.com/photos/183731920@N08/

youpic.com/photographer/Andjey/

２０２１年３月中に発送します。

Mitsu.

youtu.be/D3q3p5edLZA

YOUTUBE、更新しました😃

アップルカー、プレゼンテーション。202３年秋、発表。（僕の妄想です😃）

（動画は思い立ってすぐにテキスト書いてアップしたので棒読みです😅以下のテキストが完成版なので是非お読みください😃）

Apple car, presentation. Announced in the fall of 2023. (It's my delusion 😃)

Please translate the following Japanese into English.

:)

皆さんおはよう。

偶然だが、おととしの今日、私は新型コロナウィルスのワクチンを接種した。

みなさんのなかには、すでに二度目の接種を受けた方もいるだろう。

この新型コロナウィルスは世界に1つの境界線を引いた。

それまでとそれ以降だ。

私たちを取り巻く環境は激変した。

ウィルスに対応するためあらゆる場所に除菌液が設置され、部屋の空気を浄化し、そんな環境が至る所に展開されてきた。

アップルも、これらを認識しつつ、新しいプロジェクトに臨んできた。

新しい価値観を受け入れるためには、新しいスタイルが必要だ。

私たちの周囲もアップデートされなければ、私たちは生き残れないだろう。

アップルは時代を生き残るために、いくつかを提示してきた。

パーソナルコンピューターであるマッキントッシュ。

音楽デバイスであるアイポッド。

携帯電話であるアイフォーン。

そして、今日、アップルはみなさんに伝えたいことがある。

それはもうひとつのサヴァイヴだ。

アップルカー。

アップルは車を再発明する。

これまでの自動車の状態

今までのガソリン車を振り返ってみよう。

ガソリンという化石燃料を使い、ガスを排出する。そして環境を悪化させてきた。

山林は業火に見舞われ、大雨の大洪水に街はさらわれ、乾いた大地が覆い尽くす。

これからもこの状態が続くという事は地球自体の崩壊を招く。

私たちはそれを止めなければならない。少なくとも見直しに取り掛かることが重要だ。

世界的にトップだったトヨタはこれに積極的に取り掛からなかった。

すでに多くの世界で走っているハイブリッドのプリウス。

これは１９９２年に発表されたにも関わらず、新しい車種でさえも未だにハイブリッドのままだ。

発売してからの約３０年もの間、いったい彼らは何を目的としてこの車に固執し、開発してきたのか？

なぜ彼らはこの車種を見直さなかったのか？

現状のハイブリット、プラグインハイブリット。そういった類は結局は化石燃料を使っている。

彼らはこの新しい展開に積極的に臨んできたというが、現状維持という考えを変えなかった。

むしろ現時点においても、それがベストだとさえ言ってるように思えてならない。

私たちはそこで他の会社も見渡してみた。

電気自動車の現在

テスラだ。

皆さんご存知のようにテスラは積極的に環境問題に取り組み、世界規模で大きく発展し貢献してきた。化石燃料を使わない、そして自動運転、洗練されたデザイン。これらは多くの人たちを魅了してきた。

しかし広く普及はしたものの、皆さんの家のそばにこの車は走ってるだろうか？

答えはノーだ。

なぜ車が走っていないか。

私たちは3時間ほどしっかり考えた。

まぁ、たった3時間だが。

答えは単純だ。

車が高いからだ。高価すぎるのだ。

これはテスラに限らず電気自動車を作っているすべての会社に言えることだ。

とにかく車の値段が高すぎる。

私たちはこれを念頭に置きつつ、車を再発明した。

アップルカーのポイント

アップルカーのポイントは三つだ。

ひとつめ。

価格。

電気自動車が普及しない理由は非常に簡単だ。

価格が高いからだ

なぜ電気自動車が高いのか。それは本体価格の大半を占めるバッテリーの値段が最も高いからだ。

それが大きく占めている。

そこでアップルはリン酸鉄リチウムイオンバッテリーと言う素材を使うことに行き着いた。

これは全個体電池のように高価ではなく安価で、iPhoneのように充電する時間は短く、すぐに使えることを優先させ、かつ、耐久性に優れていると言うポイントがある。

私たちはこの2点を重視した。

車を短時間で充電し、短距離を即、走行可能となることを目指した。

iPhoneやアップルウォッチと同じ結論を反映させたのだ。

現在、電気自動車は長距離を走ることを目標としているが、果たして、きょう、あなたが会社から帰る際に、長距離用のバッテリが必要だろうか？

何百キロも走ることが必要だろうか？

すぐに家に帰り、すぐに充電し、また朝には出勤する。

全個体電池などという長距離が走れる高価なバッテリは、現段階では不要なのだ。

アップルはそう判断した。

次にアップルが目指したポイントの2つ目は安全性だ。

WHOの報告では、年間で世界中の事故死者数は１３５万人に上る。

これは、２４秒にひとりが命を落としている計算になる。

アップルはこの事故を劇的に減らそうと考えた。

Apple Watchを腕に巻いた子供が車の下にいた場合。

iPhone 5Gを持っている人が側道にいたり、信号待ちをしている場合。

彼らを事前に感知し、彼らには接近しないように考えた。

人の居場所を事前に察知することができれば、車は避けられる。

私たちは、車自体が人から離れることを計算した。

3つ目は先進性だ。

これまでの車と言うのは、車に乗るとわかるが、ダッシュボードにはいつもの通風口が口を開けて待っている。

これは見慣れた光景で、もううんざりだ。飽き飽きだ。

私たちはこの風景を大きく前進させる。

フロントガラスにAR機能を搭載し、ナビゲーションで誘う。

また、ダッシュボードには皆さんが持っているiPhoneやiPadを貼り付け、聴いていた音楽をそのまま車内で流せる。

もちろん、望めばそのままエンジンもスタートだ。

ワイパーなんてもう不要だ。水滴なんて風圧で飛ばすした方が美しい。

シートベルトもあなたが座れば自動で閉まる。きつ過ぎず、ゆる過ぎず、あなたは快適な空間を提供されるだろう。

また、ハンドルを握って前を見据えた瞬間にドライバーの健康状態をアップルカーは察知する。

あなたが酔っていたら、車は決して動かない。もう酔っ払い運転の事故は発生しないだろう。

以上の三つがアップルカーのポイントだ。

１　価格

２　安全性

３　先進性

アップルはこれらを重視した。

そして、皆さんが最も気になるのは価格のはずだ。

価格は29,999ドル。

車の予約は来週から。半年後にまずはアメリカから発売する。

それでは実際にアップルカーをお見せしよう。

ティム・クック、自分のApple Watchに顔を寄せて車に呼びかける。

アップルカー登場。

備考。

ここで重要なのは自動運転に触れていないこと。

多分アップルは自動運転には触れず、車をまず普及させることをアピールしてくるはず。

自動運転のアップデートは後回し。

色はのちに5色を展開。

E

Baby Burrito Blanket Adult Version Coming to Thimble! by Candy Rinq [mabelcnls Resident]

69

Includes AO: Walk, Run, Crouch Walk, Type, and Sit!

LM: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Saint%20Lucia/143/158/3002

MAYBE THIS CHRISTMAS by gabby.jaws

37

www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMAlTDQT_9k

gabbyjaws.blogspot.com/2024/12/maybe-this-christmas.html

pm A Child's Wish

Belleza Classic, Curvy, Kupra Kups, Kupra, Legacy Nerido, Perky, Maitreya, Petite

includes antlers, twinkling lights

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Rain on Alstromeria (20) by Malcolm Bull

8 6

Turned wet this afternoon, leaving droplets on the emerging Alstromeria in my garden. The bud has a "Little Shop of Horrors" look to it.

BARRIERS x THE GRAND by Him Bourne | BARRIERS

23 1

BARRIERS GIVEAWAY

Includes 2 free FATPACKS with 2 winners.

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Red Currant, Groselha, UBC, Vancouver, Canada by Sebastiao Pereira-Nunes

22 4

SN/NC: Ribes rubrum, Fam. Grossulariaceae, Red currant, grosellero, groselheiro

The redcurrant or red currant is a member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family. It is native to western Europe. The species is widely cultivated and has escaped into the wild in many regions. There are several other similar species native in Europe, Asia and North America, also with edible fruit. These include Ribes spicatum (northern Europe and northern Asia), Ribes alpinum (northern Europe), R. schlechtendalii (northeast Europe), R. multiflorum (southeast Europe), R. petraeum (southwest Europe) and R. triste (North America; Newfoundland to Alaska and southward in mountains). While Ribes rubrum is native to Europe, large berried cultivars of the redcurrant were first produced in Belgium and northern France in the 17th century. In modern times, numerous cultivars have been selected; some of these have escaped gardens and can be found in the wild across Europe and extending into Asia. Redcurrant fruits are known for their tart flavor, a characteristic provided by a relatively high content of organic acids and mixed polyphenols. As many as 65 different phenolic compounds may contribute to the astringent properties of redcurrants, with these contents increasing during the last month of ripening. Twenty-five individual polyphenols and other nitrogen-containing phytochemicals in redcurrant juice have been isolated specifically with the astringent flavor profile sensed in the human tongue.

A groselha ou groselha vermelha é um membro do gênero Ribes na família da groselha. É nativo da Europa Ocidental. A espécie é amplamente cultivada e escapou para a natureza em muitas regiões. Existem várias outras espécies semelhantes nativas da Europa, Ásia e América do Norte, também com frutos comestíveis. Estes incluem Ribes spicatum (norte da Europa e norte da Ásia), Ribes alpinum (norte da Europa), R. schlechtendalii (nordeste da Europa), R. multiflorum (sudeste da Europa), R. petraeum (sudoeste da Europa) e R. triste (América do Norte; Terra Nova ao Alasca e ao sul nas montanhas). Enquanto Ribes rubrum é nativo da Europa, grandes cultivares de groselha foram produzidas pela primeira vez na Bélgica e no norte da França no século XVII. Nos tempos modernos, várias cultivares foram selecionadas; alguns deles escaparam dos jardins e podem ser encontrados na natureza em toda a Europa e se estendendo até a Ásia. As frutas de groselha são conhecidas por seu sabor azedo, característica proporcionada por um teor relativamente alto de ácidos orgânicos e polifenóis mistos.

La grosella roja o grosella roja es un miembro del género Ribes en la familia de las grosellas. Es originaria de Europa occidental. La especie se cultiva ampliamente y se ha escapado a la naturaleza en muchas regiones. Hay varias otras especies similares nativas de Europa, Asia y América del Norte, también con frutos comestibles. Estos incluyen Ribes spicatum (norte de Europa y norte de Asia), Ribes alpinum (norte de Europa), R. schlechtendalii (noreste de Europa), R. multiflorum (sureste de Europa), R. petraeum (suroeste de Europa) y R. triste (Norteamérica); Terranova a Alaska y hacia el sur en las montañas). Si bien la Ribes rubrum es originaria de Europa, en el siglo XVII se produjeron por primera vez en Bélgica y el norte de Francia cultivos de grosella roja con bayas grandes. En los tiempos modernos, se han seleccionado numerosos cultivares; algunos de estos han escapado de los jardines y se pueden encontrar en la naturaleza en toda Europa y extendiéndose hasta Asia. Las frutas de grosella roja son conocidas por su sabor agrio, una característica proporcionada por un contenido relativamente alto de ácidos orgánicos y polifenoles mixtos.

Il ribes rosso o ribes rosso è un membro del genere Ribes nella famiglia dell'uva spina. È originario dell'Europa occidentale. La specie è ampiamente coltivata ed è fuggita in natura in molte regioni. Esistono diverse altre specie simili originarie dell'Europa, dell'Asia e del Nord America, anche con frutti commestibili. Questi includono Ribes spicatum (Europa settentrionale e Asia settentrionale), Ribes alpinum (Europa settentrionale), R. schlechtendalii (Europa nord-orientale), R. multiflorum (Europa sud-orientale), R. petraeum (Europa sud-occidentale) e R. triste (America settentrionale; Terranova in Alaska e verso sud in montagna). Sebbene il Ribes rubrum sia originario dell'Europa, le grandi cultivar di ribes rosso a bacca furono prodotte per la prima volta in Belgio e nel nord della Francia nel XVII secolo. In tempi moderni sono state selezionate numerose cultivar; alcuni di questi sono sfuggiti ai giardini e possono essere trovati allo stato brado in tutta Europa e si estendono in Asia. I frutti di ribes rosso sono noti per il loro sapore aspro, una caratteristica data da un contenuto relativamente alto di acidi organici e polifenoli misti.

Die Johannisbeere oder Johannisbeere ist ein Mitglied der Gattung Ribes in der Familie der Stachelbeeren. Sie ist in Westeuropa beheimatet. Die Art wird weithin kultiviert und ist in vielen Regionen in die Wildnis entkommen. Es gibt mehrere andere ähnliche Arten, die in Europa, Asien und Nordamerika beheimatet sind und ebenfalls essbare Früchte tragen. Dazu gehören Ribes spicatum (Nordeuropa und Nordasien), Ribes alpinum (Nordeuropa), R. schlechtendalii (Nordosteuropa), R. multiflorum (Südosteuropa), R. petraeum (Südwesteuropa) und R. triste (Nordamerika). ; Neufundland bis Alaska und südlich in die Berge). Obwohl Ribes rubrum in Europa beheimatet ist, wurden große Beerensorten der roten Johannisbeere erstmals im 17. Jahrhundert in Belgien und Nordfrankreich produziert. In der Neuzeit wurden zahlreiche Sorten ausgewählt; Einige von ihnen sind aus Gärten entkommen und können in ganz Europa und bis nach Asien in freier Wildbahn gefunden werden. Rote Johannisbeeren sind für ihren scharfen Geschmack bekannt, der durch einen relativ hohen Gehalt an organischen Säuren und gemischten Polyphenolen gekennzeichnet ist.

La groseille ou groseille rouge fait partie du genre Ribes dans la famille des groseilles. Il est originaire d'Europe occidentale. L'espèce est largement cultivée et s'est échappée dans la nature dans de nombreuses régions. Il existe plusieurs autres espèces similaires originaires d'Europe, d'Asie et d'Amérique du Nord, également avec des fruits comestibles. Ceux-ci comprennent Ribes spicatum (Europe du Nord et Asie du Nord), Ribes alpinum (Europe du Nord), R. schlechtendalii (Europe du Nord-Est), R. multiflorum (Europe du Sud-Est), R. petraeum (Europe du Sud-Ouest) et R. triste (Amérique du Nord) ; de Terre-Neuve à l'Alaska et vers le sud dans les montagnes). Alors que Ribes rubrum est originaire d'Europe, les cultivars à grandes baies de la groseille ont été produits pour la première fois en Belgique et dans le nord de la France au 17ème siècle. Dans les temps modernes, de nombreux cultivars ont été sélectionnés ; certains d'entre eux se sont échappés des jardins et peuvent être trouvés à l'état sauvage à travers l'Europe et s'étendant jusqu'en Asie. Les fruits de la groseille sont connus pour leur saveur acidulée, caractéristique apportée par une teneur relativement élevée en acides organiques et en polyphénols mixtes.

De aalbes of aalbes is een lid van het geslacht Ribes in de kruisbesfamilie. Het is inheems in West-Europa. De soort wordt op grote schaal gekweekt en is in veel regio's in het wild ontsnapt. Er zijn verschillende andere vergelijkbare soorten die inheems zijn in Europa, Azië en Noord-Amerika, ook met eetbaar fruit. Deze omvatten Ribes spicatum (Noord-Europa en Noord-Azië), Ribes alpinum (Noord-Europa), R. schlechtendalii (Noordoost-Europa), R. multiflorum (Zuidoost-Europa), R. petraeum (Zuidwest-Europa) en R. triste (Noord-Amerika; Newfoundland naar Alaska en zuidwaarts in de bergen). Hoewel Ribes rubrum inheems is in Europa, werden in de 17e eeuw voor het eerst grote bessenrassen van de rode bes geproduceerd in België en Noord-Frankrijk. In de moderne tijd zijn er talloze cultivars geselecteerd; sommige van deze zijn ontsnapt uit tuinen en zijn in het wild te vinden in heel Europa en strekken zich uit tot in Azië. Rode bessen staan bekend om hun scherpe smaak, een kenmerk van een relatief hoog gehalte aan organische zuren en gemengde polyfenolen.

الكشمش الأحمر أو الكشمش الأحمر هو عضو في جنس ريبس في عائلة عنب الثعلب. موطنها أوروبا الغربية. يُزرع هذا النوع على نطاق واسع وقد هرب إلى البرية في العديد من المناطق. هناك العديد من الأنواع الأخرى المماثلة في أوروبا وآسيا وأمريكا الشمالية ، بالإضافة إلى الفاكهة الصالحة للأكل. وتشمل هذه Ribes spicatum (شمال أوروبا وشمال آسيا) و Ribes alpinum (شمال أوروبا) و R. schlechtendalii (شمال شرق أوروبا) و R. multiflorum (جنوب شرق أوروبا) و R. petraeum (جنوب غرب أوروبا) و R. triste (أمريكا الشمالية ؛ نيوفاوندلاند إلى ألاسكا وجنوبًا في الجبال). في حين أن Ribes rubrum هي موطنها الأصلي في أوروبا ، فقد تم إنتاج أصناف التوت الكبيرة من الكشمش الأحمر لأول مرة في بلجيكا وشمال فرنسا في القرن السابع عشر. في العصر الحديث ، تم اختيار العديد من الأصناف ؛ وقد هرب بعضها من الحدائق ويمكن العثور عليها في البرية عبر أوروبا وتمتد إلى آسيا. تشتهر ثمار الكشمش الأحمر بطعمها اللاذع ، وهي خاصية توفرها نسبة عالية نسبيًا من الأحماض العضوية والبوليفينول المختلط.

赤スグリまたは赤スグリは、グーズベリー科のリブス属のメンバーです。西ヨーロッパ原産です。この種は広く栽培されており、多くの地域で野生に逃げてきました。ヨーロッパ、アジア、北アメリカに自生する他のいくつかの同様の種があり、これも食用の果物です。これらには、Ribes spicatum（北ヨーロッパおよび北アジア）、Ribes alpinum（北ヨーロッパ）、R。schlechtendalii（北東ヨーロッパ）、R。multiflorum（南東ヨーロッパ）、R。petraeum（南西ヨーロッパ）、およびR. triste（北アメリカ;ニューファウンドランドからアラスカ、そして南の山々）。 Ribes rubrumはヨーロッパ原産ですが、フサスグリの大型のベリー栽培品種は、17世紀にベルギーとフランス北部で最初に生産されました。現代では、多くの品種が選択されています。これらのいくつかは庭から逃げ出し、ヨーロッパ中の野生で見つけられ、アジアに広がっています。フサスグリの果実は、有機酸と混合ポリフェノールの比較的高い含有量によって提供される特徴であるタルトフレーバーで知られています。

PANIQ Cosmos Caller Earrings @ Anthem by Tristyn Fairelander

13

Cosmos Caller Earrings

Includes:

Rigged Earrings

Physically Based Rendering + Blinn-Phong Materials

Fits Andore LEX miHD Human + Pixie + Elf And LeLutka EvoX Human + Elf

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Available at Anthem!

Pillar | Taibei 臺北市 | Taiwan 台灣 by dynamo.photography

23

++++++ from Wikipedia ++++++

Taipei (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/), officially known as Taipei City, is the capital city and a special municipality of Taiwan (officially known as the Republic of China, "ROC"). Sitting at the northern tip of the island, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City. It is about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of the northern port city Keelung. Most of the city is located on the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed bounded by the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border.[5] Formerly known as Taipeh-fu during Qing era and Taihoku under Japanese rule, Taipei became the capital of the Taiwan Province as part of the Republic of China in 1945 and recently has been the capital[a] of the ROC since 1949, when the Kuomintang lost the mainland to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War.

The city proper is home to an estimated population of 2,704,810 in 2015,[6] forming the core part of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559,[6][7] the 40th most-populous urban area in the world—roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district. The name "Taipei" can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper.

Taipei is the political, economic, educational, and cultural center of Taiwan island, and one of the major hubs of Greater China. Considered to be a global city,[8] Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area.[9] Railways, high-speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan. Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks which include Taipei 101, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Dalongdong Baoan Temple, Hsing Tian Kong, Lungshan Temple of Manka, National Palace Museum, Presidential Office Building, Taipei Guest House, Ximending, and several night markets dispersing over the city. Its natural features such as Maokong, Yangmingshan, and hot springs are also well known to international visitors.

As the capital city, "Taipei" is sometimes used as a synecdoche for the Republic of China. Due to the ongoing controversy over the political status of Taiwan, the name Chinese Taipei is designated for official use when Taiwanese governmental representatives or national teams participate in some international organizations or international sporting events (which may require UN statehood) in order to avoid extensive political controversy by using other names.

Contents

1 History

1.1 First settlements

1.2 Empire of Japan

1.3 Republic of China

2 Geography

2.1 Climate

2.2 Air quality

2.3 Cityscape

3 Demographics

4 Economy

5 Culture

5.1 Tourism

5.1.1 Commemorative sites and museums

5.1.2 Taipei 101

5.1.3 Performing arts

5.1.4 Shopping and recreation

5.1.5 Temples

5.2 Festivals and events

5.3 Taipei in films

6 Romanization

7 Government

7.1 Garbage recycling

7.2 Administrative divisions

7.3 City planning

8 Transportation

8.1 Metro

8.2 Rail

8.3 Bus

8.4 Airports

8.5 Ticketing

9 Education

9.1 Chinese language program for foreigners

10 Sports

10.1 Major sporting events

10.2 Youth baseball

11 Media

11.1 Television

11.2 Newspapers

12 International relations

12.1 Twin towns and sister cities

12.2 Partner cities

12.3 Friendship cities

13 Gallery

14 See also

15 Notes

16 References

17 External links

History

Main article: History of Taipei

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument and tourist attraction in Taipei.

Prior to the significant influx of Han Chinese immigrants, the region of Taipei Basin was mainly inhabited by the Ketagalan plains aborigines. The number of Han immigrants gradually increased in the early 18th century under Qing Dynasty rule after the government began permitting development in the area.[10] In 1875, the northern part of the island was incorporated into the new Taipeh Prefecture.

The Qing dynasty of China made Taipeh the temporary capital of Fujian-Taiwan Province in 1886 when Taiwan was separated from Fujian Province.[11][12] Taipeh was formally made the provincial capital in 1894.

Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 under the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taihoku (formerly Taipeh) as its capital, in which the city was administered under Taihoku Prefecture. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links. A number of Taipei landmarks and cultural institutions date from this period.[13]

Following the Japanese surrender of 1945, control of Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China (ROC) (see Retrocession Day). After losing mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the ROC in December 1949.[14][15] In 1990 Taipei provided the backdrop for the Wild Lily student rallies that moved Taiwanese society from one-party rule to multi-party democracy. The city is today home to Taiwan's democratically elected national government.

First settlements

The region known as the Taipei Basin was home to Ketagalan tribes before the eighteenth century.[16] Han Chinese mainly from Fujian Province of Qing dynasty China began to settle in the Taipei Basin in 1709.[17][18]

In the late 19th century, the Taipei area, where the major Han Chinese settlements in northern Taiwan and one of the designated overseas trade ports, Tamsui, were located, gained economic importance due to the booming overseas trade, especially that of tea export. In 1875, the northern part of Taiwan was separated from Taiwan Prefecture and incorporated into the new Taipeh Prefecture as a new administrative entity of the Qing dynasty.[13] Having been established adjoining the flourishing townships of Bangka, Dalongdong, and Twatutia, the new prefectural capital was known as Chengnei (Chinese: 城內; pinyin: chéngnèi; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ-lāi), "the inner city", and government buildings were erected there. From 1875 (still Qing era) until the beginning of Japanese rule in 1895, Taipei was part of Tamsui County of Taipeh Prefecture and the prefectural capital.

In 1885, work commenced to create an independent Taiwan Province, and Taipei City was temporarily made the provincial capital. Taipei officially became the capital of Taiwan in 1894.[citation needed] All that remains from the Qing era is the north gate. The west gate and city walls were demolished by the Japanese while the south gate, little south gate, and east gate were extensively modified by the Kuomintang (KMT) and have lost much of their original character.[19]

Empire of Japan

The Taihoku Prefecture government building in the 1910s (now the Control Yuan)

As settlement for losing the First Sino-Japanese War, China ceded the island of Taiwan to the Empire of Japan in 1895 as part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. After the Japanese take-over, Taipei, called Taihoku in Japanese, was retained as the capital and emerged as the political center of the Japanese Colonial Government.[13] During that time the city acquired the characteristics of an administrative center, including many new public buildings and housing for civil servants. Much of the architecture of Taipei dates from the period of Japanese rule, including the Presidential Building which was the Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan.

During Japanese rule, Taihoku was incorporated in 1920 as part of Taihoku Prefecture. It included Bangka, Twatutia, and Jōnai (城內) among other small settlements. The eastern village of Matsuyama (松山庄, modern-day Songshan District, Taipei) was annexed into Taihoku City in 1938. Upon the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War and its consequent surrender in August 1945, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) assumed control of Taiwan. Subsequently, a temporary Office of the Taiwan Province Administrative Governor was established in Taipei City.[20]

Republic of China

With President Chiang Kai-shek, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower waved to a crowd during his visit to Taipei in June 1960.

In 1947 the KMT government under Chiang Kai-shek declared island-wide martial law in Taiwan as a result of the February 28 Incident, which began with incidents in Taipei but led to an island-wide crackdown on the local population by forces loyal to Chiang. Two years later, on December 7, 1949, Chiang and the Kuomintang were forced to flee mainland China by the Communists near the end of the Chinese Civil War. The refugees declared Taipei to be the provisional capital of a continuing Republic of China, with the official capital at Nanjing (Nanking) even though that city was under Communist control.[14][15]

Taipei expanded greatly in the decades after 1949, and as approved on December 30, 1966 by the Executive Yuan, Taipei was declared a special centrally administered municipality on July 1, 1967 and given the administrative status of a province.[18] In the following year, Taipei City expanded again by annexing Shilin, Beitou, Neihu, Nangang, Jingmei, and Muzha. At that time, the city's total area increased fourfold through absorbing several outlying towns and villages and the population increased to 1.56 million people.[18]

The city's population, which had reached one million in the early 1960s, also expanded rapidly after 1967, exceeding two million by the mid-1970s. Although growth within the city itself gradually slowed thereafter[20] — its population had become relatively stable by the mid-1990s — Taipei remained one of the world's most densely populated urban areas, and the population continued to increase in the region surrounding the city, notably along the corridor between Taipei and Keelung.

In 1990 Taipei's 16 districts were consolidated into the current 12 districts.[21] Mass democracy rallies that year in the plaza around Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall led to an island-wide transition to multi-party democracy, where legislators are chosen via regularly scheduled popular elections, during the presidency of Lee Teng-Hui.

Geography

The city of Taipei, as seen from Maokong.

Taipei City is located in the Taipei Basin in northern Taiwan.[22] It is bordered by the Xindian River on the south and the Tamsui River on the west. The generally low-lying terrain of the central areas on the western side of the municipality slopes upward to the south and east and especially to the north,[5] where it reaches 1,120 metres (3,675 ft) at Qixing Mountain, the highest (inactive) volcano in Taiwan in Yangmingshan National Park. The northern districts of Shilin and Beitou extend north of the Keelung River and are bordered by Yangmingshan National Park. The Taipei city limits cover an area of 271.7997 km2,[23] ranking sixteenth of twenty-five among all counties and cities in Taiwan.

Two peaks, Qixing Mountain and Mt. Datun, rise to the northeast of the city.[24] Qixing Mountain is located on the Tatun Volcano Group and the tallest mountain at the rim of the Taipei Basin, with its main peak at 1,120 metres (3,670 ft). Mt. Datun's main peak is 1,092 metres (3,583 ft). These former volcanoes make up the western section of Yangmingshan National Park, extending from Mt. Datun northward to Mt. Caigongkeng (菜公坑山). Located on a broad saddle between two mountains, the area also contains the marshy Datun Pond.

To the southeast of the city lie the Songshan Hills and the Qingshui Ravine, which form a barrier of lush woods.[24]

Climate

Taipei has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate[25][26][27] (Köppen: Cfa).[28] Summers are long-lasting, hot and humid, and accompanied by occasional heavy rainstorms and typhoons, while winters are short, generally warm and generally very foggy due to the northeasterly winds from the vast Siberian High being intensified by the pooling of this cooler air in the Taipei Basin. As in the rest of Northern Taiwan, daytime temperatures of Taipei can often peak above 26 degrees Celsius during a warm winter day, while they can dip below 26 degrees Celsius during a rainy summer's afternoon. Occasional cold fronts during the winter months can drop the daily temperature by 3 to 5 degrees Celsius, though temperatures rarely drop below 10 degrees Celsius.[29] Extreme temperatures ranged from −0.2 °C (31.6 °F) on February 13, 1901 to 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) on August 8, 2013, while snow has never been recorded in the city besides on mountains located within the city limit such as Mount Yangmingshan. Due to Taiwan's location in the Pacific Ocean, it is affected by the Pacific typhoon season, which occurs between June and October.

Air quality

When compared to other Asian cities, Taipei has "excellent" capabilities for managing air quality in the city.[31] Its rainy climate, location near the coast, and strong environmental regulations have prevented air pollution from becoming a substantial health issue, at least compared to cities in southeast Asia and industrial China. However, smog is extremely common and there is poor visibility throughout the city after rain-less days.

Motor vehicle engine exhaust, particularly from motor scooters, is a source of air pollution in Taipei. There are higher levels of fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mornings because of less air movement; sunlight reduces some pollution.[32] Occasionally, dust storms from Mainland China can temporarily bring extremely poor air quality to the city.[33]

Cityscape

Taipei viewed from Tiger Mountain, with Taipei 101 on the left.

Demographics

Taipei City is home to 2,704,810 people (2015), while the metropolitan area has a population of 7,047,559 people.[6] The population of the city has been decreasing in recent years while the population of the adjacent New Taipei has been increasing. The population loss, while rapid in its early years, has been stabilized by new lower density development and campaigns designed to increase birthrate in the city. The population has begun to rise since 2010.[6][34][35]

Due to Taipei's geography and location in the Taipei Basin as well as differing times of economic development of its districts, Taipei's population is not evenly distributed. The districts of Daan, Songshan, and Datong are the most densely populated. These districts, along with adjacent communities such as Yonghe and Zhonghe contain some of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the world.[34]

In 2008, the crude birth rate stood at 7.88% while the mortality rate stood at 5.94%. A decreasing and rapidly aging population is an important issue for the city.[34] By the end of 2009, one in ten people in Taipei was over 65 years of age.[36] Residents who had obtained a college education or higher accounted for 43.48% of the population, and the literacy rate stood at 99.18%.[34]

Like the rest of Taiwan, Taipei is composed of four major ethnic groups: Hoklos, Mainlanders, Hakkas, and aborigines.[34] Although Hoklos and Mainlanders form the majority of the population of the city, in recent decades many Hakkas have moved into the city. The aboriginal population in the city stands at 12,862 (<0.5%), concentrated mostly in the suburban districts. Foreigners (mainly from Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines) numbered 52,426 at the end of 2008.[34]

Economy

As the center of Taiwan's largest conurbation, Taipei has been at the center of rapid economic development in the country and has now become one of the global cities in the production of high technology and its components.[37] This is part of the so-called Taiwan Miracle which has seen dramatic growth in the city following foreign direct investment in the 1960s. Taiwan is now a creditor economy, holding one of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves of over US$403 billion as of December 2012.[38]

Despite the Asian financial crisis, the economy continues to expand at about 5% per year, with virtually full employment and low inflation. As of 2013, the nominal GDP per capita in Taipei city is lower than that in Hong Kong by a narrow margin according to The Economist(Nominal GDP per capita in HK is US$38181 in 2013 from IMF).[39] Furthermore, according to Financial times, GDP per capita based on Purchasing Power Parity(PPP) in Taipei in 2015 is 44173 USD, behind that in Singapore(US$48900 from IMF) and Hong Kong(US$56689 from IMF).[40]

Taipei and its environs have long been the foremost industrial area of Taiwan, consisting of industries of the secondary and tertiary sectors.[41] Most of the country's important factories producing textiles and apparel are located there; other industries include the manufacture of electronic products and components, electrical machinery and equipment, printed materials, precision equipment, and foods and beverages. Such companies include Shihlin Electric, CipherLab and Insyde Software. Shipbuilding, including yachts and other pleasure craft, is done in the port of Keelung northeast of the city.

Services, including those related to commerce, transportation, and banking, have become increasingly important. Tourism is a small but significant component of the local economy[42][43] with international visitors totaling almost 3 million in 2008.[44] Taipei has many top tourist attractions and contributes a significant amount to the US$6.8 billion tourism industry in Taiwan.[45] National brands such as ASUS,[46] Chunghwa Telecom,[47] Mandarin Airlines,[48] Tatung,[49] and Uni Air,[50][51] D-Link [52] are headquartered in Taipei City.

Culture

Tourism

See also: List of tourist attractions in Taipei

Tourism is a major part of Taipei's economy. In 2013, over 6.3 million overseas visitors visited Taipei, making the city the 15th most visited globally.[53] The influx of visitors contributed $10.8 billion USD to the city's economy in 2013, the 9th highest in the world and the most of any city in the Chinese-speaking world.[54]

Commemorative sites and museums

The National Palace Museum

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument, landmark and tourist attraction that was erected in memory of General Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China.[55] The structure stands at the east end of Memorial Hall Square, site of the National Concert Hall and National Theater and their adjacent parks as well as the memorial. The landmarks of Liberty Square stand within sight of Taiwan's Presidential Building in Taipei's Zhongzheng District.

The National Taiwan Museum

The National Taiwan Museum sits nearby in what is now 228 Peace Memorial Park and has worn its present name since 1999. The museum is Taiwan's oldest, founded on October 24, 1908 by Taiwan's Japanese colonial government (1895-1945) as the Taiwan Governor's Museum. It was launched with a collection of 10,000 items to celebrate the opening of the island's North-South Railway.[56] In 1915 a new museum building opened its doors in what is now 228 Peace Memorial Park. This structure and the adjacent governor's office (now Presidential Office Building), served as the two most recognizable public buildings in Taiwan during its period of Japanese rule.[56]

Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines

The National Palace Museum is a vast art gallery and museum built around a permanent collection centered on ancient Chinese artifacts. It should not be confused with the Palace Museum in Beijing (which it is named after); both institutions trace their origins to the same institution. The collections were divided in the 1940s as a result of the Chinese Civil War.[57][58] The National Palace Museum in Taipei now boasts a truly international collection while housing one of the world's largest collections of artifacts from ancient China.[58]

The Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines stands just 200 metres across the road from the National Palace Museum. The museum offers displays of art and historical items by Taiwanese aborigines along with a range of multimedia displays.

The Taipei Fine Arts Museum was established in 1983 as the first museum in Taiwan dedicated to modern art. The museum is housed in a building designed for the purpose that takes inspiration from Japanese designs. Most art in the collection is by Taiwanese artists since 1940. Over 3,000 art works are organized into 13 groups.

The National Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall near Taipei 101 in Xinyi District is named in honor of a founding father of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen. The hall, completed on May 16, 1972, originally featured exhibits that depicted revolutionary events in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Today it functions as multi-purpose social, educational, concert and cultural center for Taiwan's citizens.[59]

Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei, aka "old city hall"

In 2001 a new museum opened as Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei. The museum is housed in a building that formerly housed Taipei City government offices.[60]

Night view of a fully lit Taipei 101

Taipei 101

Taipei 101 is a 101-floor landmark skyscraper that claimed the title of world's tallest building when it opened in 2004, a title it held for six years before relinquishing it to the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and constructed by KTRT Joint Venture, Taipei 101 measures 509 m (1,670 ft) from ground to top, making it the first skyscraper in the world to break the half-kilometer mark in height. Built to withstand typhoon winds and earthquake tremors, its design incorporates many engineering innovations and has won numerous international awards. Taipei 101 remains one of the tallest skyscrapers in the world and holds LEED's certification as the world's largest "green" building. Its shopping mall and its indoor and outdoor observatories draw visitors from all over the world. Taipei 101's New Year's Eve fireworks display is a regular feature of international broadcasts.

Performing arts

Taiwan's National Concert Hall at night

The National Theater and Concert Hall stand at Taipei's Liberty Square and host events by foreign and domestic performers. Other leading concert venues include Zhongshan Hall at Ximending and the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall near Taipei 101.

A new venue, the Taipei Performing Arts Center, is under construction and slated to open in 2015.[61][62] The venue will stand near the Shilin Night Market[63] and will house three theaters for events with multi-week runs. The architectural design, by Rem Koolhaas and OMA, was determined in 2009 in an international competition.[64] The same design process is also in place for a new Taipei Center for Popular Music and Taipei City Museum.[65]

Shopping and recreation

Main article: Shopping in Taipei

Taipei is known for its many night markets, the most famous of which is the Shilin Night Market in the Shilin District. The surrounding streets by Shilin Night Market are extremely crowded during the evening, usually opening late afternoon and operating well past midnight. Most night markets feature individual stalls selling a mixture of food, clothing, and consumer goods.

The busy streets of Ximending at night

Ximending has been a famous area for shopping and entertainment since the 1930s. Historic structures include a concert hall, a historic cinema, and the Red House Theater. Modern structures house karaoke businesses, art film cinemas, wide-release movie cinemas, electronic stores, and a wide variety of restaurants and fashion clothing stores.[66] The pedestrian area is especially popular with teens and has been called the "Harajuku" of Taipei.[67]

Eastern district at night

The newly developed Xinyi District is popular with tourists and locals alike for its many entertainment and shopping venues, as well as being the home of Taipei 101, a prime tourist attraction. Malls in the area include the sprawling Shin Kong Mitsukoshi complex, Breeze Center, Bellavita, Taipei 101 mall, Eslite Bookstore's flagship store (which includes a boutique mall), The Living Mall, ATT shopping mall, and the Vieshow Cinemas (formerly known as Warner Village). The Xinyi district also serves as the center of Taipei's active nightlife, with several popular lounge bars and nightclubs concentrated in a relatively small area around the Neo19, ATT 4 FUN and Taipei 101 buildings. Lounge bars such as Barcode and nightclubs such as Spark and Myst are among the most-visited places here.

Eslite Bookstore in Xinyi District

The thriving shopping area around Taipei Main Station includes the Taipei Underground Market and the original Shin Kong Mitsukoshi department store at Shin Kong Life Tower. Other popular shopping destinations include the Zhongshan Metro Mall, Dihua Street, the Guang Hua Digital Plaza, and the Core Pacific City. The Miramar Entertainment Park is known for its large Ferris wheel and IMAX theater.

Taipei maintains an extensive system of parks, green spaces, and nature preserves. Parks and forestry areas of note in and around the city include Yangmingshan National Park, Taipei Zoo and Da-an Forest Park. Yangmingshan National Park (located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the central city) is famous for its cherry blossoms, hot springs, and sulfur deposits. It is the home of famous writer Lin Yutang, the summer residence of Chiang Kai-shek, residences of foreign diplomats, the Chinese Culture University, the meeting place of the now defunct National Assembly of the Republic of China, and the Kuomintang Party Archives. The Taipei Zoo was founded in 1914 and covers an area of 165 hectares for animal sanctuary.

Bitan is known for boating and water sports. Tamsui is a popular sea-side resort town. Ocean beaches are accessible in several directions from Taipei.

Temples

Built in 1738, Longshan Temple is one of the oldest temples in the city.

Street corner shrine, Taipei 2013

Taipei is rich in beautiful, ornate temples housing Buddhist, Taoist, and Chinese folk religion deities. The Longshan Temple, built in 1738 and located in the Wanhua District, demonstrates an example of architecture with southern Chinese influences commonly seen on older buildings in Taiwan.

Xinsheng South Road is known as the "Road to Heaven" due to its high concentration of temples, shrines, churches, and mosques.[68][69] Other famous temples include Baoan Temple located in historic Dalongdong, a national historical site, and Xiahai City God Temple, located in the old Dadaocheng community, constructed with architecture similar to temples in southern Fujian.[70] The Taipei Confucius Temple traces its history back to 1879 during the Qing Dynasty and also incorporates southern Fujian-style architecture.[71]

Besides large temples, small outdoor shrines to local deities are very common and can be spotted on road sides, parks, and neighborhoods. Many homes and businesses may also set up small shrines of candles, figurines, and offerings. Some restaurants, for example, may set up a small shrine to the Kitchen god for success in a restaurant business.[72]

New Year's Eve fireworks at Taipei 101

Festivals and events

Many yearly festivals are held in Taipei. In recent years some festivals, such as the Double Ten Day fireworks and concerts, are increasingly hosted on a rotating basis by a number of cities around Taiwan.

When New Year's Eve arrives on the solar calendar, thousands of people converge on Taipei's Xinyi District for parades, outdoor concerts by popular artists, street shows, round-the clock nightlife. The high point is of course the countdown to midnight, when Taipei 101 assumes the role of the world's largest fireworks platform.

The Taipei Lantern Festival concludes the Lunar New Year holiday. The timing of the city's lantern exhibit coincides with the national festival in Pingxi, when thousands of fire lanterns are released into the sky.[73] The city's lantern exhibit rotates among different downtown locales from year to year, including Liberty Square, Taipei 101, and Zhongshan Hall in Ximending.

On Double Ten Day, patriotic celebrations are held in front of the Presidential Building. Other annual festivals include Ancestors Day (Tomb-Sweeping Day), the Dragon Boat Festival, the Ghost Festival, and the Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon Festival).[73]

Taipei regularly hosts its share of international events. The city recently hosted the 2009 Summer Deaflympics.[74] This event was followed by the Taipei International Flora Exposition, a garden festival hosted from November 2010 to April 2011. The Floral Expo was the first of its kind to take place in Taiwan and only the seventh hosted in Asia; the expo admitted 110,000 visitors on February 27, 2011.

Taipei in films

Romanization

The spelling "Taipei" derives from the Wade–Giles romanization T'ai-pei.[75] The name could be also romanized as Táiběi according to Hanyu Pinyin and Tongyong Pinyin.[76][77]

Government

Taipei City is a special municipality which is directly under the Executive Yuan (Central Government) of ROC. The mayor of Taipei City had been an appointed position since Taipei's conversion to a centrally administered municipality in 1967 until the first public election was held in 1994.[78] The position has a four-year term and is elected by direct popular vote. The first elected mayor was Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party. Ma Ying-jeou took office in 1998 for two terms, before handing it over to Hau Lung-pin who won the 2006 mayoral election on December 9, 2006.[79] Both Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-Jeou went on to become President of the Republic of China. The incumbent mayor, Ko Wen-je, was elected on November 29, 2014 and took office on December 25, 2014.[80]

Based on the outcomes of previous elections in the past decade, the vote of the overall constituency of Taipei City shows a slight inclination towards the pro-KMT camp (the Pan-Blue Coalition);[81] however, the pro-DPP camp (the Pan-Green Coalition) also has considerable support.[82]

Ketagalan Boulevard, where the Presidential Office Building and other government structures are situated, is often the site of mass gatherings such as inauguration and national holiday parades, receptions for visiting dignitaries, political demonstrations,[83][84] and public festivals.[85]

Garbage recycling

Taipei City is also famous for its effort in garbage recycling, which has become such a good international precedent that other countries have sent teams to study the recycling system. After the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) established a program in 1998 combining the efforts of communities, a financial resource named the Recycling Fund was made available to recycling companies and waste collectors. Manufacturers, vendors and importers of recyclable waste pay fees to the Fund, which uses the money to set firm prices for recyclables and subsidize local recycling efforts. Between 1998 and 2008, the recycling rate increased from 6 percent to 32 percent.[86] This improvement enabled the government of Taipei to demonstrate its recycling system to the world at the Shanghai World Expo 2010.

Administrative divisions

Taipei City is divided up into 12 administrative districts (區 qu).[87] Each district is further divided up into urban villages (里), which are further sub-divided up into neighborhoods (鄰).

Map District Population

(Jan. 2016) Area

(km2) Postal

code

Beitou 北投區 Běitóu Pei-t'ou Pak-tâu 257,922 56.8216 112

Da'an 大安區 Dà'ān Ta-an Tāi-an 312,909 11.3614 106

Datong 大同區 Dàtóng Ta-t'ung Tāi-tông 131,029 5.6815 103

Nangang 南港區 Nángǎng Nan-kang Lâm-káng 122,296 21.8424 115

Neihu 內湖區 Nèihú Nei-hu Lāi-ô͘ 287,726 31.5787 114

Shilin 士林區 Shìlín Shih-lin Sū-lîm 290,682 62.3682 111

Songshan 松山區 Sōngshān Sung-shan Siông-san 209,689 9.2878 105

Wanhua 萬華區 Wànhuá Wan-hua Báng-kah 194,314 8.8522 108

Wenshan 文山區 Wénshān Wen-shan Bûn-san 275,433 31.5090 116

Xinyi 信義區 Xìnyì Hsin-yi Sìn-gī 229,139 11.2077 110

Zhongshan 中山區 Zhōngshān Chung-shan Tiong-san 231,286 13.6821 104

Zhongzheng 中正區 Zhōngzhèng Chung-cheng Tiong-chèng 162,549 7.6071 100

City planning

The city is characterized by straight roads and public buildings of grand Western architectural styles.[88] The city is built on a square grid configuration, however these blocks are huge by international standards with 500 m (1,640.42 ft) sides. The area in between these blocks are infilled with lanes and alleys, which provide access to quieter residential or mixed-use development. Other than a citywide 30 kilometres per hour (19 mph) speed limit, there is little uniform planning within this "hidden" area; therefore lanes (perpendicular to streets) and alleys (parallel with street, or conceptually, perpendicular to the lane) spill out from the main throughways. These minor roads are not always perpendicular and sometimes cut through the block diagonally.

Although development began in the western districts (still considered the cultural heart of the city) of the city due to trade, the eastern districts of the city have become the focus of recent development projects. Many of the western districts, already in decline, have become targets of new urban renewal initiatives.[88]

Transportation

Platform of Wende Station on the Taipei Metro system.

Public transport accounts for a substantial portion of different modes of transport in Taiwan, with Taipei residents having the highest utilization rate at 34.1%.[89] Private transport consists of motor scooters, private cars, and bicycles. Motor-scooters often weave between cars and occasionally through oncoming traffic. Respect for traffic laws, once scant, has improved with deployment of traffic cameras and increasing numbers of police roadblocks checking riders for alcohol consumption and other offenses.

Taipei Station serves as the comprehensive hub for the subway, bus, conventional rail, and high-speed rail.[41] A contactless smartcard, known as EasyCard, can be used for all modes of public transit as well as several retail outlets. It contains credits that are deducted each time a ride is taken.[90] The EasyCard is read via proximity sensory panels on buses and in MRT stations, and it does not need to be removed from one's wallet or purse.

Metro

Main article: Taipei Metro

Taipei's public transport system, the Taipei Metro (commonly referred to as the MRT), incorporates a metro and light rail system based on advanced VAL and Bombardier technology. There are currently five metro lines that are labelled in three ways: color, line number and depot station name. In addition to the rapid transit system itself, the Taipei Metro also includes several public facilities such as the Maokong Gondola, underground shopping malls, parks, and public squares. Modifications to existing railway lines to integrate them into the metro system are underway.

In 2017 a rapid transit line was opened to connect Taipei with Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and Taoyuan City. The new line is part of the new Taoyuan Metro system.

Taipei Railway Station front

Rail

Main articles: Taiwan High Speed Rail and Taiwan Railway Administration

Beginning in 1983, surface rail lines in the city were moved underground as part of the Taipei Railway Underground Project.[91] The Taiwan High Speed Rail system opened in 2007. The bullet trains connect Taipei with the west coast cities of New Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi, and Tainan before terminating at Zuoying (Kaohsiung) at speeds that cut travel times by 60% or more from what they normally are on a bus or conventional train.[92] The Taiwan Railway Administration also runs passenger and freight services throughout the entire island.

Bus

An extensive city bus system serves metropolitan areas not covered by the metro, with exclusive bus lanes to facilitate transportation.[41] Riders of the city metro system are able to use the EasyCard for discounted fares on buses, and vice versa. Several major intercity bus terminals are located throughout the city, including the Taipei Bus Station and Taipei City Hall Bus Station.[93]

Taipei Songshan Airport

Airports

Main articles: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and Taipei Songshan Airport

Most scheduled international flights are served by Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in nearby Taoyuan City. Songshan Airport at the heart of the city in the Songshan District serves domestic flights and scheduled flights to Tokyo International Airport (also known as Haneda Airport), Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, and about 15 destinations in the People's Republic of China. Songshan Airport is accessible by the Taipei Metro Neihu Line; Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is accessible by the Taoyuan International Airport MRT system.

Ticketing

In 1994, with the rapid development of Taipei, a white paper for transport policies expressed the strong objective to "create a civilised transport system for the people of Taipei." In 1999, they chose Mitac consortium, which Thales-Transportation Systems is part of. Thales was then selected again in 2005 to deploy an upgrade of Taipei's public transport network with an end-to-end and fully contactless automatic fare collection solution that integrates 116 metro stations, 5,000 buses and 92 car parks.[citation needed]

Education

West Site of National Taiwan University Hospital

24 universities have campuses located in Taipei:

National Taiwan University (1928)

National Chengchi University (1927)

National Defense Medical Center (1902)

National Defense University (1906)

National Taipei University (1949)

National Taipei University of Business (1917)

National Taipei University of Education (1895)

National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science (1947)

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (1974)

National Taipei University of Technology (1912)

National Taiwan College of Performing Arts (1957)

National Taiwan Normal University (1946)

National Yang-Ming University (1975)

Taipei National University of the Arts (1982)

University of Taipei (2013)

Tamkang University (1950)

Soochow University (1900)

Chinese Culture University (1962)

Ming Chuan University (1957)

Shih Hsin University (1956)

Shih Chien University (1958)

Taipei Medical University (1960)

Tatung University (1956)

China University of Technology (1965)

National Taiwan University (NTU) was established in 1928 during the period of Japanese colonial rule. NTU has produced many political and social leaders in Taiwan. Both pan-blue and pan-green movements in Taiwan are rooted on the NTU campus. The university has six campuses in the greater Taipei region (including New Taipei) and two additional campuses in Nantou County. The university governs farms, forests, and hospitals for educational and research purposes. The main campus is in Taipei's Da-An district, where most department buildings and all the administrative buildings are located. The College of Law and the College of Medicine are located near the Presidential Building. The National Taiwan University Hospital is a leading international center of medical research.[94]

National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU or Shida) likewise traces its origins to the Japanese colonial period. Originally a teacher training institution, NTNU has developed into a comprehensive international university with demanding entrance requirements. The university boasts especially strong programs in the humanities and international education. Worldwide it is perhaps best known as home of the Mandarin Training Center, a program that offers Mandarin language training each year to over a thousand students from dozens of countries throughout the world. The main campus in Taipei's Da-An district, near MRT Guting Station, is known for its historic architecture and giving its name to the Shida Night Market, one of the most popular among the numerous night markets in Taipei.

Chinese language program for foreigners

Taiwan Mandarin Institute (TMI) (福爾摩莎)

International Chinese Language Program (ICLP) (國際華語研習所) of National Taiwan University

Mandarin Training Center (MTC) (國語教學中心) of National Taiwan Normal University

Taipei Language Institute (中華語文研習所)

IMG_2124 by MrNsrailwayphotographs

10

I dont normally include light engine shots, but Deltics on the GWML these days are very rare, especially under own power, so a worth inclusion, not liking the over bright ballast though here.. 55019 & D9009 pass through Moreton Cutting working 0Z04, East Grinstead-Kidderminster SVR light engine

Includes Sleds by Photographybyjw

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ncludes Sleds if sleds are a vehicle, and I guess they can, leave it here. Found in North Carolina.

Fishing - Harbour Arm (14) by Malcolm Bull

5 1

Bank Holiday Sunday at Shoreham Beach. I've never seen so many people fishing off the harbour wall.

"In Japanese, all beautiful varieties include the name for orchid which is "ran"." by chris ishikawa

13 26

"In Japanese, all beautiful varieties include the name

for orchid which is "ran".

In Japanese,"ran" is written in kanji as 蘭.."

~ Anonymous

.............

1. "All varieties of orchids are beautiful, delicate flowers.",

2. "Orchids appear as an elegant, luxury type of flower.",

3. "Lovely orchids are symbolic of rare, delicate beauty.",

4. "Beautiful orchids are symbolic of love and affection."

.............

Thanks for stopping by

and God Bless,

hugs, Chris

Created with fd's Flickr Toys

Beach Textures (2) by Malcolm Bull

6 5

Low tide and a low sun brought out the textures on Shoreham Beach this evening.

Taibei 臺北市 | Taiwan 台灣 by dynamo.photography

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++++++ from Wikipedia ++++++

Taipei (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/), officially known as Taipei City, is the capital city and a special municipality of Taiwan (officially known as the Republic of China, "ROC"). Sitting at the northern tip of the island, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City. It is about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of the northern port city Keelung. Most of the city is located on the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed bounded by the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border.[5] Formerly known as Taipeh-fu during Qing era and Taihoku under Japanese rule, Taipei became the capital of the Taiwan Province as part of the Republic of China in 1945 and recently has been the capital[a] of the ROC since 1949, when the Kuomintang lost the mainland to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War.

The city proper is home to an estimated population of 2,704,810 in 2015,[6] forming the core part of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559,[6][7] the 40th most-populous urban area in the world—roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district. The name "Taipei" can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper.

Taipei is the political, economic, educational, and cultural center of Taiwan island, and one of the major hubs of Greater China. Considered to be a global city,[8] Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area.[9] Railways, high-speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan. Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks which include Taipei 101, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Dalongdong Baoan Temple, Hsing Tian Kong, Lungshan Temple of Manka, National Palace Museum, Presidential Office Building, Taipei Guest House, Ximending, and several night markets dispersing over the city. Its natural features such as Maokong, Yangmingshan, and hot springs are also well known to international visitors.

As the capital city, "Taipei" is sometimes used as a synecdoche for the Republic of China. Due to the ongoing controversy over the political status of Taiwan, the name Chinese Taipei is designated for official use when Taiwanese governmental representatives or national teams participate in some international organizations or international sporting events (which may require UN statehood) in order to avoid extensive political controversy by using other names.

Contents

1 History

1.1 First settlements

1.2 Empire of Japan

1.3 Republic of China

2 Geography

2.1 Climate

2.2 Air quality

2.3 Cityscape

3 Demographics

4 Economy

5 Culture

5.1 Tourism

5.1.1 Commemorative sites and museums

5.1.2 Taipei 101

5.1.3 Performing arts

5.1.4 Shopping and recreation

5.1.5 Temples

5.2 Festivals and events

5.3 Taipei in films

6 Romanization

7 Government

7.1 Garbage recycling

7.2 Administrative divisions

7.3 City planning

8 Transportation

8.1 Metro

8.2 Rail

8.3 Bus

8.4 Airports

8.5 Ticketing

9 Education

9.1 Chinese language program for foreigners

10 Sports

10.1 Major sporting events

10.2 Youth baseball

11 Media

11.1 Television

11.2 Newspapers

12 International relations

12.1 Twin towns and sister cities

12.2 Partner cities

12.3 Friendship cities

13 Gallery

14 See also

15 Notes

16 References

17 External links

History

Main article: History of Taipei

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument and tourist attraction in Taipei.

Prior to the significant influx of Han Chinese immigrants, the region of Taipei Basin was mainly inhabited by the Ketagalan plains aborigines. The number of Han immigrants gradually increased in the early 18th century under Qing Dynasty rule after the government began permitting development in the area.[10] In 1875, the northern part of the island was incorporated into the new Taipeh Prefecture.

The Qing dynasty of China made Taipeh the temporary capital of Fujian-Taiwan Province in 1886 when Taiwan was separated from Fujian Province.[11][12] Taipeh was formally made the provincial capital in 1894.

Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 under the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the First Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taihoku (formerly Taipeh) as its capital, in which the city was administered under Taihoku Prefecture. Taiwan's Japanese rulers embarked on an extensive program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links. A number of Taipei landmarks and cultural institutions date from this period.[13]

Following the Japanese surrender of 1945, control of Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China (ROC) (see Retrocession Day). After losing mainland China to the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) relocated the ROC government to Taiwan and declared Taipei the provisional capital of the ROC in December 1949.[14][15] In 1990 Taipei provided the backdrop for the Wild Lily student rallies that moved Taiwanese society from one-party rule to multi-party democracy. The city is today home to Taiwan's democratically elected national government.

First settlements

The region known as the Taipei Basin was home to Ketagalan tribes before the eighteenth century.[16] Han Chinese mainly from Fujian Province of Qing dynasty China began to settle in the Taipei Basin in 1709.[17][18]

In the late 19th century, the Taipei area, where the major Han Chinese settlements in northern Taiwan and one of the designated overseas trade ports, Tamsui, were located, gained economic importance due to the booming overseas trade, especially that of tea export. In 1875, the northern part of Taiwan was separated from Taiwan Prefecture and incorporated into the new Taipeh Prefecture as a new administrative entity of the Qing dynasty.[13] Having been established adjoining the flourishing townships of Bangka, Dalongdong, and Twatutia, the new prefectural capital was known as Chengnei (Chinese: 城內; pinyin: chéngnèi; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ-lāi), "the inner city", and government buildings were erected there. From 1875 (still Qing era) until the beginning of Japanese rule in 1895, Taipei was part of Tamsui County of Taipeh Prefecture and the prefectural capital.

In 1885, work commenced to create an independent Taiwan Province, and Taipei City was temporarily made the provincial capital. Taipei officially became the capital of Taiwan in 1894.[citation needed] All that remains from the Qing era is the north gate. The west gate and city walls were demolished by the Japanese while the south gate, little south gate, and east gate were extensively modified by the Kuomintang (KMT) and have lost much of their original character.[19]

Empire of Japan

The Taihoku Prefecture government building in the 1910s (now the Control Yuan)

As settlement for losing the First Sino-Japanese War, China ceded the island of Taiwan to the Empire of Japan in 1895 as part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. After the Japanese take-over, Taipei, called Taihoku in Japanese, was retained as the capital and emerged as the political center of the Japanese Colonial Government.[13] During that time the city acquired the characteristics of an administrative center, including many new public buildings and housing for civil servants. Much of the architecture of Taipei dates from the period of Japanese rule, including the Presidential Building which was the Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan.

During Japanese rule, Taihoku was incorporated in 1920 as part of Taihoku Prefecture. It included Bangka, Twatutia, and Jōnai (城內) among other small settlements. The eastern village of Matsuyama (松山庄, modern-day Songshan District, Taipei) was annexed into Taihoku City in 1938. Upon the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War and its consequent surrender in August 1945, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) assumed control of Taiwan. Subsequently, a temporary Office of the Taiwan Province Administrative Governor was established in Taipei City.[20]

Republic of China

With President Chiang Kai-shek, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower waved to a crowd during his visit to Taipei in June 1960.

In 1947 the KMT government under Chiang Kai-shek declared island-wide martial law in Taiwan as a result of the February 28 Incident, which began with incidents in Taipei but led to an island-wide crackdown on the local population by forces loyal to Chiang. Two years later, on December 7, 1949, Chiang and the Kuomintang were forced to flee mainland China by the Communists near the end of the Chinese Civil War. The refugees declared Taipei to be the provisional capital of a continuing Republic of China, with the official capital at Nanjing (Nanking) even though that city was under Communist control.[14][15]

Taipei expanded greatly in the decades after 1949, and as approved on December 30, 1966 by the Executive Yuan, Taipei was declared a special centrally administered municipality on July 1, 1967 and given the administrative status of a province.[18] In the following year, Taipei City expanded again by annexing Shilin, Beitou, Neihu, Nangang, Jingmei, and Muzha. At that time, the city's total area increased fourfold through absorbing several outlying towns and villages and the population increased to 1.56 million people.[18]

The city's population, which had reached one million in the early 1960s, also expanded rapidly after 1967, exceeding two million by the mid-1970s. Although growth within the city itself gradually slowed thereafter[20] — its population had become relatively stable by the mid-1990s — Taipei remained one of the world's most densely populated urban areas, and the population continued to increase in the region surrounding the city, notably along the corridor between Taipei and Keelung.

In 1990 Taipei's 16 districts were consolidated into the current 12 districts.[21] Mass democracy rallies that year in the plaza around Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall led to an island-wide transition to multi-party democracy, where legislators are chosen via regularly scheduled popular elections, during the presidency of Lee Teng-Hui.

Geography

The city of Taipei, as seen from Maokong.

Taipei City is located in the Taipei Basin in northern Taiwan.[22] It is bordered by the Xindian River on the south and the Tamsui River on the west. The generally low-lying terrain of the central areas on the western side of the municipality slopes upward to the south and east and especially to the north,[5] where it reaches 1,120 metres (3,675 ft) at Qixing Mountain, the highest (inactive) volcano in Taiwan in Yangmingshan National Park. The northern districts of Shilin and Beitou extend north of the Keelung River and are bordered by Yangmingshan National Park. The Taipei city limits cover an area of 271.7997 km2,[23] ranking sixteenth of twenty-five among all counties and cities in Taiwan.

Two peaks, Qixing Mountain and Mt. Datun, rise to the northeast of the city.[24] Qixing Mountain is located on the Tatun Volcano Group and the tallest mountain at the rim of the Taipei Basin, with its main peak at 1,120 metres (3,670 ft). Mt. Datun's main peak is 1,092 metres (3,583 ft). These former volcanoes make up the western section of Yangmingshan National Park, extending from Mt. Datun northward to Mt. Caigongkeng (菜公坑山). Located on a broad saddle between two mountains, the area also contains the marshy Datun Pond.

To the southeast of the city lie the Songshan Hills and the Qingshui Ravine, which form a barrier of lush woods.[24]

Climate

Taipei has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate[25][26][27] (Köppen: Cfa).[28] Summers are long-lasting, hot and humid, and accompanied by occasional heavy rainstorms and typhoons, while winters are short, generally warm and generally very foggy due to the northeasterly winds from the vast Siberian High being intensified by the pooling of this cooler air in the Taipei Basin. As in the rest of Northern Taiwan, daytime temperatures of Taipei can often peak above 26 degrees Celsius during a warm winter day, while they can dip below 26 degrees Celsius during a rainy summer's afternoon. Occasional cold fronts during the winter months can drop the daily temperature by 3 to 5 degrees Celsius, though temperatures rarely drop below 10 degrees Celsius.[29] Extreme temperatures ranged from −0.2 °C (31.6 °F) on February 13, 1901 to 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) on August 8, 2013, while snow has never been recorded in the city besides on mountains located within the city limit such as Mount Yangmingshan. Due to Taiwan's location in the Pacific Ocean, it is affected by the Pacific typhoon season, which occurs between June and October.

Air quality

When compared to other Asian cities, Taipei has "excellent" capabilities for managing air quality in the city.[31] Its rainy climate, location near the coast, and strong environmental regulations have prevented air pollution from becoming a substantial health issue, at least compared to cities in southeast Asia and industrial China. However, smog is extremely common and there is poor visibility throughout the city after rain-less days.

Motor vehicle engine exhaust, particularly from motor scooters, is a source of air pollution in Taipei. There are higher levels of fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mornings because of less air movement; sunlight reduces some pollution.[32] Occasionally, dust storms from Mainland China can temporarily bring extremely poor air quality to the city.[33]

Cityscape

Taipei viewed from Tiger Mountain, with Taipei 101 on the left.

Demographics

Taipei City is home to 2,704,810 people (2015), while the metropolitan area has a population of 7,047,559 people.[6] The population of the city has been decreasing in recent years while the population of the adjacent New Taipei has been increasing. The population loss, while rapid in its early years, has been stabilized by new lower density development and campaigns designed to increase birthrate in the city. The population has begun to rise since 2010.[6][34][35]

Due to Taipei's geography and location in the Taipei Basin as well as differing times of economic development of its districts, Taipei's population is not evenly distributed. The districts of Daan, Songshan, and Datong are the most densely populated. These districts, along with adjacent communities such as Yonghe and Zhonghe contain some of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the world.[34]

In 2008, the crude birth rate stood at 7.88% while the mortality rate stood at 5.94%. A decreasing and rapidly aging population is an important issue for the city.[34] By the end of 2009, one in ten people in Taipei was over 65 years of age.[36] Residents who had obtained a college education or higher accounted for 43.48% of the population, and the literacy rate stood at 99.18%.[34]

Like the rest of Taiwan, Taipei is composed of four major ethnic groups: Hoklos, Mainlanders, Hakkas, and aborigines.[34] Although Hoklos and Mainlanders form the majority of the population of the city, in recent decades many Hakkas have moved into the city. The aboriginal population in the city stands at 12,862 (<0.5%), concentrated mostly in the suburban districts. Foreigners (mainly from Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines) numbered 52,426 at the end of 2008.[34]

Economy

As the center of Taiwan's largest conurbation, Taipei has been at the center of rapid economic development in the country and has now become one of the global cities in the production of high technology and its components.[37] This is part of the so-called Taiwan Miracle which has seen dramatic growth in the city following foreign direct investment in the 1960s. Taiwan is now a creditor economy, holding one of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves of over US$403 billion as of December 2012.[38]

Despite the Asian financial crisis, the economy continues to expand at about 5% per year, with virtually full employment and low inflation. As of 2013, the nominal GDP per capita in Taipei city is lower than that in Hong Kong by a narrow margin according to The Economist(Nominal GDP per capita in HK is US$38181 in 2013 from IMF).[39] Furthermore, according to Financial times, GDP per capita based on Purchasing Power Parity(PPP) in Taipei in 2015 is 44173 USD, behind that in Singapore(US$48900 from IMF) and Hong Kong(US$56689 from IMF).[40]

Taipei and its environs have long been the foremost industrial area of Taiwan, consisting of industries of the secondary and tertiary sectors.[41] Most of the country's important factories producing textiles and apparel are located there; other industries include the manufacture of electronic products and components, electrical machinery and equipment, printed materials, precision equipment, and foods and beverages. Such companies include Shihlin Electric, CipherLab and Insyde Software. Shipbuilding, including yachts and other pleasure craft, is done in the port of Keelung northeast of the city.

Services, including those related to commerce, transportation, and banking, have become increasingly important. Tourism is a small but significant component of the local economy[42][43] with international visitors totaling almost 3 million in 2008.[44] Taipei has many top tourist attractions and contributes a significant amount to the US$6.8 billion tourism industry in Taiwan.[45] National brands such as ASUS,[46] Chunghwa Telecom,[47] Mandarin Airlines,[48] Tatung,[49] and Uni Air,[50][51] D-Link [52] are headquartered in Taipei City.

Culture

Tourism

See also: List of tourist attractions in Taipei

Tourism is a major part of Taipei's economy. In 2013, over 6.3 million overseas visitors visited Taipei, making the city the 15th most visited globally.[53] The influx of visitors contributed $10.8 billion USD to the city's economy in 2013, the 9th highest in the world and the most of any city in the Chinese-speaking world.[54]

Commemorative sites and museums

The National Palace Museum

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument, landmark and tourist attraction that was erected in memory of General Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China.[55] The structure stands at the east end of Memorial Hall Square, site of the National Concert Hall and National Theater and their adjacent parks as well as the memorial. The landmarks of Liberty Square stand within sight of Taiwan's Presidential Building in Taipei's Zhongzheng District.

The National Taiwan Museum

The National Taiwan Museum sits nearby in what is now 228 Peace Memorial Park and has worn its present name since 1999. The museum is Taiwan's oldest, founded on October 24, 1908 by Taiwan's Japanese colonial government (1895-1945) as the Taiwan Governor's Museum. It was launched with a collection of 10,000 items to celebrate the opening of the island's North-South Railway.[56] In 1915 a new museum building opened its doors in what is now 228 Peace Memorial Park. This structure and the adjacent governor's office (now Presidential Office Building), served as the two most recognizable public buildings in Taiwan during its period of Japanese rule.[56]

Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines

The National Palace Museum is a vast art gallery and museum built around a permanent collection centered on ancient Chinese artifacts. It should not be confused with the Palace Museum in Beijing (which it is named after); both institutions trace their origins to the same institution. The collections were divided in the 1940s as a result of the Chinese Civil War.[57][58] The National Palace Museum in Taipei now boasts a truly international collection while housing one of the world's largest collections of artifacts from ancient China.[58]

The Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines stands just 200 metres across the road from the National Palace Museum. The museum offers displays of art and historical items by Taiwanese aborigines along with a range of multimedia displays.

The Taipei Fine Arts Museum was established in 1983 as the first museum in Taiwan dedicated to modern art. The museum is housed in a building designed for the purpose that takes inspiration from Japanese designs. Most art in the collection is by Taiwanese artists since 1940. Over 3,000 art works are organized into 13 groups.

The National Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall near Taipei 101 in Xinyi District is named in honor of a founding father of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen. The hall, completed on May 16, 1972, originally featured exhibits that depicted revolutionary events in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Today it functions as multi-purpose social, educational, concert and cultural center for Taiwan's citizens.[59]

Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei, aka "old city hall"

In 2001 a new museum opened as Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei. The museum is housed in a building that formerly housed Taipei City government offices.[60]

Night view of a fully lit Taipei 101

Taipei 101

Taipei 101 is a 101-floor landmark skyscraper that claimed the title of world's tallest building when it opened in 2004, a title it held for six years before relinquishing it to the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Designed by C.Y. Lee & Partners and constructed by KTRT Joint Venture, Taipei 101 measures 509 m (1,670 ft) from ground to top, making it the first skyscraper in the world to break the half-kilometer mark in height. Built to withstand typhoon winds and earthquake tremors, its design incorporates many engineering innovations and has won numerous international awards. Taipei 101 remains one of the tallest skyscrapers in the world and holds LEED's certification as the world's largest "green" building. Its shopping mall and its indoor and outdoor observatories draw visitors from all over the world. Taipei 101's New Year's Eve fireworks display is a regular feature of international broadcasts.

Performing arts

Taiwan's National Concert Hall at night

The National Theater and Concert Hall stand at Taipei's Liberty Square and host events by foreign and domestic performers. Other leading concert venues include Zhongshan Hall at Ximending and the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall near Taipei 101.

A new venue, the Taipei Performing Arts Center, is under construction and slated to open in 2015.[61][62] The venue will stand near the Shilin Night Market[63] and will house three theaters for events with multi-week runs. The architectural design, by Rem Koolhaas and OMA, was determined in 2009 in an international competition.[64] The same design process is also in place for a new Taipei Center for Popular Music and Taipei City Museum.[65]

Shopping and recreation

Main article: Shopping in Taipei

Taipei is known for its many night markets, the most famous of which is the Shilin Night Market in the Shilin District. The surrounding streets by Shilin Night Market are extremely crowded during the evening, usually opening late afternoon and operating well past midnight. Most night markets feature individual stalls selling a mixture of food, clothing, and consumer goods.

The busy streets of Ximending at night

Ximending has been a famous area for shopping and entertainment since the 1930s. Historic structures include a concert hall, a historic cinema, and the Red House Theater. Modern structures house karaoke businesses, art film cinemas, wide-release movie cinemas, electronic stores, and a wide variety of restaurants and fashion clothing stores.[66] The pedestrian area is especially popular with teens and has been called the "Harajuku" of Taipei.[67]

Eastern district at night

The newly developed Xinyi District is popular with tourists and locals alike for its many entertainment and shopping venues, as well as being the home of Taipei 101, a prime tourist attraction. Malls in the area include the sprawling Shin Kong Mitsukoshi complex, Breeze Center, Bellavita, Taipei 101 mall, Eslite Bookstore's flagship store (which includes a boutique mall), The Living Mall, ATT shopping mall, and the Vieshow Cinemas (formerly known as Warner Village). The Xinyi district also serves as the center of Taipei's active nightlife, with several popular lounge bars and nightclubs concentrated in a relatively small area around the Neo19, ATT 4 FUN and Taipei 101 buildings. Lounge bars such as Barcode and nightclubs such as Spark and Myst are among the most-visited places here.

Eslite Bookstore in Xinyi District

The thriving shopping area around Taipei Main Station includes the Taipei Underground Market and the original Shin Kong Mitsukoshi department store at Shin Kong Life Tower. Other popular shopping destinations include the Zhongshan Metro Mall, Dihua Street, the Guang Hua Digital Plaza, and the Core Pacific City. The Miramar Entertainment Park is known for its large Ferris wheel and IMAX theater.

Taipei maintains an extensive system of parks, green spaces, and nature preserves. Parks and forestry areas of note in and around the city include Yangmingshan National Park, Taipei Zoo and Da-an Forest Park. Yangmingshan National Park (located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the central city) is famous for its cherry blossoms, hot springs, and sulfur deposits. It is the home of famous writer Lin Yutang, the summer residence of Chiang Kai-shek, residences of foreign diplomats, the Chinese Culture University, the meeting place of the now defunct National Assembly of the Republic of China, and the Kuomintang Party Archives. The Taipei Zoo was founded in 1914 and covers an area of 165 hectares for animal sanctuary.

Bitan is known for boating and water sports. Tamsui is a popular sea-side resort town. Ocean beaches are accessible in several directions from Taipei.

Temples

Built in 1738, Longshan Temple is one of the oldest temples in the city.

Street corner shrine, Taipei 2013

Taipei is rich in beautiful, ornate temples housing Buddhist, Taoist, and Chinese folk religion deities. The Longshan Temple, built in 1738 and located in the Wanhua District, demonstrates an example of architecture with southern Chinese influences commonly seen on older buildings in Taiwan.

Xinsheng South Road is known as the "Road to Heaven" due to its high concentration of temples, shrines, churches, and mosques.[68][69] Other famous temples include Baoan Temple located in historic Dalongdong, a national historical site, and Xiahai City God Temple, located in the old Dadaocheng community, constructed with architecture similar to temples in southern Fujian.[70] The Taipei Confucius Temple traces its history back to 1879 during the Qing Dynasty and also incorporates southern Fujian-style architecture.[71]

Besides large temples, small outdoor shrines to local deities are very common and can be spotted on road sides, parks, and neighborhoods. Many homes and businesses may also set up small shrines of candles, figurines, and offerings. Some restaurants, for example, may set up a small shrine to the Kitchen god for success in a restaurant business.[72]

New Year's Eve fireworks at Taipei 101

Festivals and events

Many yearly festivals are held in Taipei. In recent years some festivals, such as the Double Ten Day fireworks and concerts, are increasingly hosted on a rotating basis by a number of cities around Taiwan.

When New Year's Eve arrives on the solar calendar, thousands of people converge on Taipei's Xinyi District for parades, outdoor concerts by popular artists, street shows, round-the clock nightlife. The high point is of course the countdown to midnight, when Taipei 101 assumes the role of the world's largest fireworks platform.

The Taipei Lantern Festival concludes the Lunar New Year holiday. The timing of the city's lantern exhibit coincides with the national festival in Pingxi, when thousands of fire lanterns are released into the sky.[73] The city's lantern exhibit rotates among different downtown locales from year to year, including Liberty Square, Taipei 101, and Zhongshan Hall in Ximending.

On Double Ten Day, patriotic celebrations are held in front of the Presidential Building. Other annual festivals include Ancestors Day (Tomb-Sweeping Day), the Dragon Boat Festival, the Ghost Festival, and the Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon Festival).[73]

Taipei regularly hosts its share of international events. The city recently hosted the 2009 Summer Deaflympics.[74] This event was followed by the Taipei International Flora Exposition, a garden festival hosted from November 2010 to April 2011. The Floral Expo was the first of its kind to take place in Taiwan and only the seventh hosted in Asia; the expo admitted 110,000 visitors on February 27, 2011.

Taipei in films

Romanization

The spelling "Taipei" derives from the Wade–Giles romanization T'ai-pei.[75] The name could be also romanized as Táiběi according to Hanyu Pinyin and Tongyong Pinyin.[76][77]

Government

Taipei City is a special municipality which is directly under the Executive Yuan (Central Government) of ROC. The mayor of Taipei City had been an appointed position since Taipei's conversion to a centrally administered municipality in 1967 until the first public election was held in 1994.[78] The position has a four-year term and is elected by direct popular vote. The first elected mayor was Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party. Ma Ying-jeou took office in 1998 for two terms, before handing it over to Hau Lung-pin who won the 2006 mayoral election on December 9, 2006.[79] Both Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-Jeou went on to become President of the Republic of China. The incumbent mayor, Ko Wen-je, was elected on November 29, 2014 and took office on December 25, 2014.[80]

Based on the outcomes of previous elections in the past decade, the vote of the overall constituency of Taipei City shows a slight inclination towards the pro-KMT camp (the Pan-Blue Coalition);[81] however, the pro-DPP camp (the Pan-Green Coalition) also has considerable support.[82]

Ketagalan Boulevard, where the Presidential Office Building and other government structures are situated, is often the site of mass gatherings such as inauguration and national holiday parades, receptions for visiting dignitaries, political demonstrations,[83][84] and public festivals.[85]

Garbage recycling

Taipei City is also famous for its effort in garbage recycling, which has become such a good international precedent that other countries have sent teams to study the recycling system. After the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) established a program in 1998 combining the efforts of communities, a financial resource named the Recycling Fund was made available to recycling companies and waste collectors. Manufacturers, vendors and importers of recyclable waste pay fees to the Fund, which uses the money to set firm prices for recyclables and subsidize local recycling efforts. Between 1998 and 2008, the recycling rate increased from 6 percent to 32 percent.[86] This improvement enabled the government of Taipei to demonstrate its recycling system to the world at the Shanghai World Expo 2010.

Administrative divisions

Taipei City is divided up into 12 administrative districts (區 qu).[87] Each district is further divided up into urban villages (里), which are further sub-divided up into neighborhoods (鄰).

Map District Population

(Jan. 2016) Area

(km2) Postal

code

Beitou 北投區 Běitóu Pei-t'ou Pak-tâu 257,922 56.8216 112

Da'an 大安區 Dà'ān Ta-an Tāi-an 312,909 11.3614 106

Datong 大同區 Dàtóng Ta-t'ung Tāi-tông 131,029 5.6815 103

Nangang 南港區 Nángǎng Nan-kang Lâm-káng 122,296 21.8424 115

Neihu 內湖區 Nèihú Nei-hu Lāi-ô͘ 287,726 31.5787 114

Shilin 士林區 Shìlín Shih-lin Sū-lîm 290,682 62.3682 111

Songshan 松山區 Sōngshān Sung-shan Siông-san 209,689 9.2878 105

Wanhua 萬華區 Wànhuá Wan-hua Báng-kah 194,314 8.8522 108

Wenshan 文山區 Wénshān Wen-shan Bûn-san 275,433 31.5090 116

Xinyi 信義區 Xìnyì Hsin-yi Sìn-gī 229,139 11.2077 110

Zhongshan 中山區 Zhōngshān Chung-shan Tiong-san 231,286 13.6821 104

Zhongzheng 中正區 Zhōngzhèng Chung-cheng Tiong-chèng 162,549 7.6071 100

City planning

The city is characterized by straight roads and public buildings of grand Western architectural styles.[88] The city is built on a square grid configuration, however these blocks are huge by international standards with 500 m (1,640.42 ft) sides. The area in between these blocks are infilled with lanes and alleys, which provide access to quieter residential or mixed-use development. Other than a citywide 30 kilometres per hour (19 mph) speed limit, there is little uniform planning within this "hidden" area; therefore lanes (perpendicular to streets) and alleys (parallel with street, or conceptually, perpendicular to the lane) spill out from the main throughways. These minor roads are not always perpendicular and sometimes cut through the block diagonally.

Although development began in the western districts (still considered the cultural heart of the city) of the city due to trade, the eastern districts of the city have become the focus of recent development projects. Many of the western districts, already in decline, have become targets of new urban renewal initiatives.[88]

Transportation

Platform of Wende Station on the Taipei Metro system.

Public transport accounts for a substantial portion of different modes of transport in Taiwan, with Taipei residents having the highest utilization rate at 34.1%.[89] Private transport consists of motor scooters, private cars, and bicycles. Motor-scooters often weave between cars and occasionally through oncoming traffic. Respect for traffic laws, once scant, has improved with deployment of traffic cameras and increasing numbers of police roadblocks checking riders for alcohol consumption and other offenses.

Taipei Station serves as the comprehensive hub for the subway, bus, conventional rail, and high-speed rail.[41] A contactless smartcard, known as EasyCard, can be used for all modes of public transit as well as several retail outlets. It contains credits that are deducted each time a ride is taken.[90] The EasyCard is read via proximity sensory panels on buses and in MRT stations, and it does not need to be removed from one's wallet or purse.

Metro

Main article: Taipei Metro

Taipei's public transport system, the Taipei Metro (commonly referred to as the MRT), incorporates a metro and light rail system based on advanced VAL and Bombardier technology. There are currently five metro lines that are labelled in three ways: color, line number and depot station name. In addition to the rapid transit system itself, the Taipei Metro also includes several public facilities such as the Maokong Gondola, underground shopping malls, parks, and public squares. Modifications to existing railway lines to integrate them into the metro system are underway.

In 2017 a rapid transit line was opened to connect Taipei with Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and Taoyuan City. The new line is part of the new Taoyuan Metro system.

Taipei Railway Station front

Rail

Main articles: Taiwan High Speed Rail and Taiwan Railway Administration

Beginning in 1983, surface rail lines in the city were moved underground as part of the Taipei Railway Underground Project.[91] The Taiwan High Speed Rail system opened in 2007. The bullet trains connect Taipei with the west coast cities of New Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi, and Tainan before terminating at Zuoying (Kaohsiung) at speeds that cut travel times by 60% or more from what they normally are on a bus or conventional train.[92] The Taiwan Railway Administration also runs passenger and freight services throughout the entire island.

Bus

An extensive city bus system serves metropolitan areas not covered by the metro, with exclusive bus lanes to facilitate transportation.[41] Riders of the city metro system are able to use the EasyCard for discounted fares on buses, and vice versa. Several major intercity bus terminals are located throughout the city, including the Taipei Bus Station and Taipei City Hall Bus Station.[93]

Taipei Songshan Airport

Airports

Main articles: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and Taipei Songshan Airport

Most scheduled international flights are served by Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in nearby Taoyuan City. Songshan Airport at the heart of the city in the Songshan District serves domestic flights and scheduled flights to Tokyo International Airport (also known as Haneda Airport), Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, and about 15 destinations in the People's Republic of China. Songshan Airport is accessible by the Taipei Metro Neihu Line; Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is accessible by the Taoyuan International Airport MRT system.

Ticketing

In 1994, with the rapid development of Taipei, a white paper for transport policies expressed the strong objective to "create a civilised transport system for the people of Taipei." In 1999, they chose Mitac consortium, which Thales-Transportation Systems is part of. Thales was then selected again in 2005 to deploy an upgrade of Taipei's public transport network with an end-to-end and fully contactless automatic fare collection solution that integrates 116 metro stations, 5,000 buses and 92 car parks.[citation needed]

Education

West Site of National Taiwan University Hospital

24 universities have campuses located in Taipei:

National Taiwan University (1928)

National Chengchi University (1927)

National Defense Medical Center (1902)

National Defense University (1906)

National Taipei University (1949)

National Taipei University of Business (1917)

National Taipei University of Education (1895)

National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science (1947)

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (1974)

National Taipei University of Technology (1912)

National Taiwan College of Performing Arts (1957)

National Taiwan Normal University (1946)

National Yang-Ming University (1975)

Taipei National University of the Arts (1982)

University of Taipei (2013)

Tamkang University (1950)

Soochow University (1900)

Chinese Culture University (1962)

Ming Chuan University (1957)

Shih Hsin University (1956)

Shih Chien University (1958)

Taipei Medical University (1960)

Tatung University (1956)

China University of Technology (1965)

National Taiwan University (NTU) was established in 1928 during the period of Japanese colonial rule. NTU has produced many political and social leaders in Taiwan. Both pan-blue and pan-green movements in Taiwan are rooted on the NTU campus. The university has six campuses in the greater Taipei region (including New Taipei) and two additional campuses in Nantou County. The university governs farms, forests, and hospitals for educational and research purposes. The main campus is in Taipei's Da-An district, where most department buildings and all the administrative buildings are located. The College of Law and the College of Medicine are located near the Presidential Building. The National Taiwan University Hospital is a leading international center of medical research.[94]

National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU or Shida) likewise traces its origins to the Japanese colonial period. Originally a teacher training institution, NTNU has developed into a comprehensive international university with demanding entrance requirements. The university boasts especially strong programs in the humanities and international education. Worldwide it is perhaps best known as home of the Mandarin Training Center, a program that offers Mandarin language training each year to over a thousand students from dozens of countries throughout the world. The main campus in Taipei's Da-An district, near MRT Guting Station, is known for its historic architecture and giving its name to the Shida Night Market, one of the most popular among the numerous night markets in Taipei.

Chinese language program for foreigners

Taiwan Mandarin Institute (TMI) (福爾摩莎)

International Chinese Language Program (ICLP) (國際華語研習所) of National Taiwan University

Mandarin Training Center (MTC) (國語教學中心) of National Taiwan Normal University

Taipei Language Institute (中華語文研習所)

National waterways Museum. Ellesmere Port. by Adrian. J. Walker

10 21

The national waterways museum is in Cheshire UK at the northern end of the Shropshire union canal where it meets the Manchester ship canal.

It focuses on Britain's navigable inland waterways including its rivers and canals and include canal boats history and tradition of life on the UKs inland waterways.

The Canal & River trust holds guardianship of 2,000 miles of Canals and rivers together with reservoir's and a wide range of heritage buildings and structures

Nightscape 610, includes quick candid by Dimi Sahn

11

vintage tamron 135mm f/2.8

SAM_0610

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Cool Duck Floatie for Happy Weekend! by Bad Unicorn

84 1

Includes 6 Texture Options w/ 9 Solo Poses. 69L for the weekend!

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Fart/135/157/2122

:::KC::: Dina Top by Kendra Sy

62

★ Includes:

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• 1 Fitted Size for #TMP

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• 2 Fitted Sizes: Slink 'Physique & Hourglass'

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SHC 1911 by FRiDGE <0153> babykid328

43 8

SHC's newest 1911 model includes a modified grip, new hammer, a custom slide, new barrel, custom trigger, custom trigger guard, custom sights,and an underbarrel flashlight (originally a 30mm tier gas launcher). Weapon uses .45 ACP

Flash crash 4 times when I was making this, so I had to cut the project short of its potential. Also the computer crashed a couple times and the cleaning lady turned of the computer once. So I will say that this project was a pain in the ass. After this I have a variety of new creations in this order.

1.Portal Shotgun (Pump or Semi-auto/Auto?)

2. 20mm Sniper Rifle

3.SHC Eagle Line (Classified :3)

Credit to:

Amy for various bits of her 100+ fave SPW 1911

Awesomenight for his awesome easy-to-use 1911

Skye for her awesome letters

View all sizes please!

Tucker 48 by Jeffrey Balfus

24 15

Tucker Torpedo brochure, c. 1947. This concept drawing includes a centrally positioned steering wheel, doors that wrap up into the roof, and front fenders that turn when the car is cornering. These features did not reach production.

The Tucker 48 (named after its model year) is an automobile conceived by Preston Tucker and briefly produced in Chicago in 1948. Only 51 cars were made before the company ceased operations on March 3, 1949, due to negative publicity initiated by the news media, a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation and a heavily publicized stock fraud trial (in which the allegations were proven baseless and led to a full acquittal). Speculation exists that the Big Three automakers and Michigan Senator Homer S. Ferguson also had a role in the Tucker Corporation's demise.[citation needed] The 1988 movie Tucker: The Man and His Dream is based on the saga surrounding the car's production. The film's director, Francis Ford Coppola, is a Tucker owner and displays his vehicle on the grounds of his winery.[2] The 48's original proposed price was said to be $1,000, but the actual selling price was closer to $4,000.[3] A 1948 Tucker sedan was featured in the July 26, 2011, installment of NBC's It's Worth What? television show. The car's estimated value at that time was US$1,200,000. The car is commonly referred to as the "Tucker Torpedo". This name was never used in conjunction with the actual production car, and its name was officially "Tucker 48".

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lyrium - Daisy Platforms - Boobs Animations - Miki & Shu Animation Set @ ｅｑｕａｌ１０ by equal10 event //Photography

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Bellowing - Bushy Park (152) by Malcolm Bull

15 11

15/10/17. #1749. Magical light for a while this morning for the deer in Bushy Park, London

Flickr autotagged this as a Giraffe :-)

Under Construction by Malcolm Bull

6 3

More apartments under construction on the former low grade industrial land near the mouth of the Adur.

Alien Gasmask Woman by In Memoriam: Chris Monk

136 14

Includes tubing, hood and gas mask. £50 via Paypal (UK sale only). Message me for details.

Ponytail Falls wearing her winter clothes by Zeb Andrews

87 52

Life really should include more moments like this. This is easily my favorite time of year in the Gorge. I took this shot this past January during a cold snap, which dropped temperatures below freezing for a few days and allowed all the waterfalls out there to accumulate nice coats of ice. The scenery out there changes so dramatically in this short span of time. I love it. I am eagerly awaiting similar opportunities this winter. My big target for this year is Lower Oneonta Falls which normally requires wading in waist deep water to reach. I have not decided yet if I will get a pair of hip-waders (brrr) and just slog upstream or borrow a small raft or kayak from a buddy and row myself across the pools of water. Either approach is probably a bit crazy...

... but then again just being out on a day like this is a bit crazy, and that is one of the things I love so about these moments. Not just the solitude that comes from most other people deciding to stay indoors (and the ones that do venture out to places like this make for great conversation, interesting folk that they tend to be), but also from just feeling like you are standing on the verge of something. Something monumental and deep. Seeing nature in an extreme we do not normally get to see, an extreme that if I did not have a warm shelter to return to would be a very harsh environment to try and survive in. I guess moments like this remind me a bit about my place. We have made this world comfortable for us, but she is certainly not tamed. It is that combination of cold beauty, solitude, and untamed severity that make scenes like this hauntingly captivating. It is probably a similar feeling to watching a sunrise in the middle of the Sahara, or a storm in the Antarctic. Sometimes I do not worry so much about the damage we may or may not do to the environment, but rather the loss this untamed quality to the increasingly fewer places that possess it.

In terms of my own thoughts on this photo, I absolutely love the bottom third of this photo, I just get lost in the detail in the frozen rocks. I wish I could come up with a good panoramic crop of just the bottom that still made some visual sense. I also just posted another shot from this same day taken with my pinhole camera here. Interesting how the two photos are very similar and very different. Cameras as tools right? Different cameras, different pictures.

:::KC::: Laisa Heels by Kendra Sy

52

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Warbirds - Revival (1889) by Malcolm Bull

8 3

Sunday at the Goodwood Revival.

JUST ANOTHER NEW YEAR'S EVE by gabby.jaws

35 4

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLIAJqz1IT8

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MP: marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/139726?

WoW Skins Bia

5 WOW SKIN TONES (full body bom, compatible with Maitreya, Legacy, Ebody reborn, Kahlene Erika)

6 VELOUR SKIN TONES ( Porcelain, chantilly, Rose kiss, sienna, sunkiss )

Shape c/m

no eyebrows option

evox eyeliner tattoo

shape copy / modify

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LaraX

Lel EvoX Avalon

VelvetVue Alma eyes

Doux Stormy

FDt 31 "include a tree" by Ou

11 9

Rome - seen from Janiculum by Michael Kemper

20

Rom - gesehen vom Gianicolo

in soft evening light

im sanften Abendlicht

The Janiculum (/dʒəˈnɪkjʊləm/; Italian: Gianicolo [dʒaˈniːkolo]), occasionally known as the Janiculan Hill, is a hill in western Rome, Italy. Although it is the second-tallest hill (the tallest being Monte Mario) in the contemporary city of Rome, the Janiculum does not figure among the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome, being west of the Tiber and outside the boundaries of the ancient city.

Sights

The Janiculum is one of the best locations in Rome for a scenic view of central Rome with its domes and bell towers. Other sights on the Janiculum include the church of San Pietro in Montorio, on what was formerly thought to be the site of St Peter's crucifixion; a small shrine known as the Tempietto, designed by Donato Bramante, marks the supposed site of Peter's death. The Janiculum also houses a Baroque fountain built by Pope Paul V in the late 17th century, the Fontana dell'Acqua Paola, and several foreign research institutions, including the American and Spanish Academies in Rome. The Hill is also the location of The American University of Rome, Pontifical Urban University, and Pontifical North American College, as well as the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Roma "La Sapienza" and the Palazzo Montorio, residence of the Ambassadors of Spain.

The Villa Lante al Gianicolo by Giulio Romano (1520–21) is an important early building by the Mannerist master, also with magnificent views.

History

Ancient history and mythology

The Janiculum was a center for the cult of the god Janus: its position overlooking the city made it a good place for augurs to observe the auspices.

In Roman mythology, Janiculum is the name of an ancient town founded by the god Janus (the two-faced god of beginnings). In Book VIII of the Aeneid by Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), King Evander shows Aeneas (the Trojan hero of this epic poem) the ruins of Saturnia and Janiculum on the Capitoline Hill near the Arcadian city of Pallanteum (the future site of Rome) (see line 54, Bk. 8). Virgil uses these ruins to stress the significance of the Capitoline Hill as the religious center of Rome.

According to Livy, the Janiculum was incorporated into ancient Rome during the time of king Ancus Marcius to prevent an enemy from occupying it. It was fortified by a wall, and a bridge was built across the Tiber to join it to the rest of the city.

During the war between Rome and Clusium in 508 BC, it is said that the forces of Lars Porsena occupied the Janiculum and laid siege to Rome.

The water mills

During the third century AD, a complex of water-mills was built here to grind grain to provide bread flour for the city. As revealed by excavations in the 1990s under the present American Academy in Rome, they sat astride the aqueduct Aqua Traiana and were in brick-faced concrete with a cocciopesto floor. In the limited excavated area, two mill races branched obliquely off the Aqua Traiana, turned to run parallel to the aqueduct for some distance, and then turned back to feed into the aqueduct again. It appeared that the northern mill race had 3 or 4 millwheels of 2.30 m diameter and width about 1.65 m to provide a sufficiently large working area, but only 2.6 m between their axle centres, which must have reduced efficiency due to turbulence between them. The southern race had one larger wheel.

The site resembles Barbegal, although the excavations show that they were undershot rather than overshot in design (i. e. with the stream entering at the bottom of the wheel, not the top). The mills were still in use in 537, when the Goths besieging the city cut off their water supply, the Aqua Traiana. They were later restored and may have remained in operation until at least the time of Pope Gregory IV (827–844).

The Aurelian Walls were continued up the hill by the emperor Aurelian (reigned AD 270–275) to include the water mills.

The mills were already known from observations by R. Lanciani in the 1880s.

19th century to present

The Janiculum is the site of a battle in 1849 between the forces of Garibaldi, defending the revolutionary Roman Republic against French forces, who were fighting to restore the temporal power of the Pope over Rome. Several monuments to Garibaldi and to the fallen in the wars of Italian independence are on the Janiculum.

Daily at noon, a cannon fires once from the Janiculum in the direction of the Tiber as a time signal. This tradition goes back to December 1847, when the cannon of the Castel Sant'Angelo gave the sign to the surrounding belltowers to start ringing at midday. In 1904, the ritual was transferred to the Janiculum and continued until 1939. On 21 April 1959, popular appeal convinced the Commune of Rome to resume the tradition after a twenty-year interruption.

The hill is featured in the third section of Ottorino Respighi's tone poem Pines of Rome.

Monuments

The crest of the Janiculum is dominated by the 1895 equestrian Monument to Garibaldi, designed by Italian sculptor Emilio Gallori. This site was chosen for its proximity to the Villa Doria Pamphili, where Garibaldi mounted a military defense of the short-lived Roman Republic in late April 1849.

The hill also features a number of statues and monuments of prominent Italians. A 2011 guide published by the local Associazione Amilcare Cipriani group, after an extensive restoration of these monuments, lists a total of 84 busts on the hill.

(Wikipedia)

Der Gianicolo (lateinisch Ianiculum, auch Janiculum genannt) ist ein Hügel in Rom, der sich vom Stadtteil Trastevere entlang des westlichen Tiberufers bis zur Vatikanstadt erstreckt. Der nordwestliche Teil des Hügels ist im exterritorialen Besitz des Heiligen Stuhls, dort befindet sich unter anderem die Pontificia Universitas Urbaniana. Er zählt – wie der Pincio – nicht zu den sieben eigentlichen Hügeln Roms.

Das gesamte Gebiet blieb bis zur Zeit Kaiser Aurelians aus dem Pomerium, der idealen Grenze des heiligen Territoriums Roms, ausgeschlossen. Unter Aurelian wurde das Stadtgebiet erweitert und der Hügel einbezogen.

Der Name geht auf den altrömischen Gott Janus zurück, der dort der Sage nach eine Burg errichtet haben soll. Diese war in der mythischen Vorzeit bereits eine Ruine.

Der Gianicolo war für die Kontrolle und die Verteidigung der Stadt unverzichtbar, so dass als Zeichen der Sicherheit eine Fahne gehisst wurde, wenn auf dem Marsfeld Volksversammlungen stattfanden. Hier wurden zudem wichtige Persönlichkeiten bestattet, wie z. B. der König Numa Pompilius und die Dichter Quintus Ennius und Caecilius Statius.

Der Hügel spielte erneut eine wichtige Rolle, als die französischen Truppen, die von Papst Pius IX. gegen die neugegründete Römische Republik zu Hilfe gerufen worden waren, am 29. April 1849 einen Angriff unternahmen. Die von Giuseppe Garibaldi angeführten Freiwilligen wurden nach einem zweimonatigen harten Kampf zur Aufgabe gezwungen. Das Triumvirat von Mazzini, Armellini und Saffi, das die Geschicke der kurzlebigen Republik geleitet hatte, musste ins Exil gehen.

Im Jahr 1895 wurde ein großes Denkmal für Garibaldi auf dem höchsten Punkt des Hügels errichtet, flankiert von einer Vielzahl von Büsten weiterer Persönlichkeiten des italienischen Freiheitskampfes. Längs der Straße, die vom Gianicolo zum Vatikan führt, befindet sich zudem ein Denkmal für Garibaldis Frau Anita Garibaldi, reitend mit Pistole in der Hand und Kind auf dem Arm, die dort nach dem Willen Garibaldis bestattet worden war.

Von nach Argentinien ausgewanderten Italienern wurde 1911 der Leuchtturm Faro del Gianicolo gestiftet, der von Manfredo Manfredi erbaut wurde und abends in den Nationalfarben grün, weiß und rot über der Stadt leuchtet.

Der Palazzo Courtial ist vatikanisches Hotel.

Der Hügel hat eine Höhe von 82 m s.l.m. Im Untergrund befindet sich ein für das Jubiläumsjahr 2000 gebauter riesiger Busbahnhof, der auch eine direkte Verbindung zum Petersplatz hat.

(Wikipedia)

kotte - Hazel Hat @ ｅｑｕａｌ１０ by equal10 event //Photography

207 3

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Shared servant bedroom and living quarters In Castle de Haar , Kasteel de Haar near the suburb of Vleuten that includes village of Haarzuilen rebuild by architect Pierre Cuyper Project was finished around 1912 took 20 years finish , Black and white , 2019 by MartinoG52

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Shared servant bedroom and living quarters In Castle de Haar , Kasteel de Haar near the suburb of Vleuten that includes village of Haarzuilen rebuild by architect Pierre Cuyper Project was finished in around 1912 took 20 years finish , Photograph converted to black and white , Martin’s photograph , Utrecht , Nederland , June 5. 2019

Four poster bed

Fireplace with beautiful screen and mantel

Beautiful formal gardens with piramide shaped trees

Beautiful staircase

Beautiful staircase in castle , Kasteel de Haar

Staircase

Formal gardens

Stairway critters sculptures in Castle

Stairway sculptures

Spiral stairway

Central Station in Amsterdam , build by architect Pierre Cuyper

de Rijks Museum in Amsterdam build by architect Pierre Cuyper

de Rijks Museum in Amsterdam

Central Station in Amsterdam

Amsterdam

Lavet bad tub

Lavet bad tub and washing machine

main door

Beautiful staircase

Kasteel de Haar near the suburb of Vleuten that includes village of Haarzuilen

architect Pierre Cuyper

Martin’s photograph

Utrecht

the Netherlands

Nederland

June 2019

Favourites

IPhone 6

Village of Haarzuilen

Kasteel de Haar

Castle the Haar

Kasteel de Haar was rebuild by architect Pierre Cuyper Project was finished in around 1912 took 20 years to be finished

city of Utrecht in the province Utrecht

Beautiful staircase in Kasteel de Haar

Door knocker

Beautiful window and seating

Photograph converted to black and white

Black and white

Black & white

Monochrome

Zwart wit

Zwart en wit

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Frampton Marsh Nature Reserve in Lincolnshire, England - September 2017 by Saffy H

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www.rspb.org.uk/reserves-and-events/find-a-reserve/reserv...

A major new extension to this coastal wetland reserve includes a reedbed, large freshwater scrapes and wet grassland. These habitats have all been created to bring the wildlife of the Wash closer to you.

New facilities include a visitor centre with toilets; the centre has a refreshments area where you can get a hot or cold drink and a snack. We also have three hides - two with 360-degree views - and over 3 km of new footpaths to explore.

Frampton Marsh is at the leading edge of visitor and habitat nature conservation planning. We have designed every aspect of the new habitats and facilities to maximise the value for wildlife and the opportunities for visitors. Ideally positioned between Norfolk and the Midlands, a visit will be well rewarded.

Opening times

The reserve, car park, footpaths and hides are open at all times. From November to February, the visitor centre and toilets are open from 9.30 am to 4 pm daily (except for Christmas Day). From March to October the visitor centre and toilets are open from 9.30 am to 4 pm weekdays, and 9.30 am to 5 pm at weekends and bank holidays.

Entrance charges

Access to the reserve, the hides and the visitor centre is free and there is no charge for parking, but we'd love it if you made a donation to help us continue our work here.

If you are new to birdwatching...

Large numbers of waders and ducks can be seen from the visitor centre, hides and paths.

Information for families

Families are always made welcome. You can get really close views of birds from the visitor centre, where we've provided telescopes for visitors to use. There's also an RSPB guide on hand who will be happy to answer your questions. Binoculars can be hired free of charge from the visitor centre and taken out around the reserve. There are wildlife explorer backpacks available for children to hire, and free games available to keep them interested as they walk around. The 'Kids' Zone' in the 360 hide has been specially created for children's activities.

Information for dog owners

Dogs are welcome on the public footpaths and sea banks, but not on the trail around the reedbed or to the hides. Paths unsuitable for dogs are marked by a gate and a sign. We have a dog hitching post and water bowl outside the visitor centre. Please keep dogs under close control at all times. Please pick up after your dog, and use the dog waste bin provided.

Star species

Our star species are some of the most interesting birds you may see on your visit to the reserve.

Avocet

Expect to see good numbers of this elegant bird in the spring and summer. The avocet's upturned bill is ideally suited to finding food in the shallow freshwater pools.

Brent goose

Flocks of brent geese come to feed on the fields and saltmarsh in winter. They can be seen in good numbers here from October and linger well into the spring to make sure their Arctic breeding grounds have thawed out.

Hen harrier

Hen harriers are winter visitors to Frampton. You can see them hunting over the saltmarsh for small birds and mammals.

Lapwing

Sadly no longer a common breeding bird in lowland England, but we have an increasing number nesting at Frampton. Their impressive aerobatic displays can be seen throughout spring and into the summer. Up to several thousand birds can be present in winter.

Redshank

A real success story at Frampton. The saltmarsh has one of the highest densities of nesting redshanks in the country, with over 200 pairs nesting regularly. Birds are now spreading throughout the new habitats.

Seasonal highlights

Each season brings a different experience at our nature reserves. In spring, the air is filled with birdsong as they compete to establish territories and attract a mate. In summer, look out for young birds making their first venture into the outside world. Autumn brings large movements of migrating birds - some heading south to a warmer climate, others seeking refuge in the UK from the cold Arctic winter. In winter, look out for large flocks of birds gathering to feed, or flying at dusk to form large roosts to keep warm.

Spring

The wintering brent geese are supplimented by passage birds from the south coast, they remain until mid-May. Passage waders can be on the freshwater pools and wet grassland, with up to 50 whimbrels being a regular feature of April. The breeding redshanks are very vocal on the saltmarsh and can be seen harrying predatory gulls and crows. Lapwings, avocets, little ringed plovers, redshanks and even snipe can all be seen and heard displaying over the freshwater wetlands.

Summer

A fantastic time of year for passage waders, with a large variety of species and often a few surprises. Southbound migrants include many common, green and wood sandpipers feeding along the shallow margins of the numerous pools and channels. The sand martin nest bank should be a hive of activity - with over 70 occupied nests there will be hundreds of mouths to feed. The saltmarsh is alive with colour at this time of year, and it is the best time to see hunting marsh harriers or even perhaps the rare Montagu's harrier.

Autumn

The first returning brent geese arrive in September and can be seen grazing on the saltmarsh. The highest tides of the year are in September and force thousands of waders to seek refuge from the tide on the highest parts of the marsh, usually just over the sea bank. The early autumn period can be good for visible migration of swallows and yellow wagtails. Kingfishers take up a winter residence in the tidal creeks of the marsh and on the wetland pools.

Winter

The winter can be spectacular, with thousands of brent geese grazing the saltmarsh and thousands of ducks on the freshwater scrapes. Hen harriers, merlins, peregrines, barn owls and short-eared owls favour the saltmarsh or wet grassland. With luck you may see a small flock of twites, or even the elusive Lapland bunting.

Facilities

•Visitor centre

•Car park : Space for 60 cars, no height restriction. Three disabled parking bays. Two bike racks by visitor centre.

•Toilets

•Disabled toilets

•Picnic area

•Binocular hire

•Group bookings accepted

•Guided walks available

•Remote location

•Good for walking

•Pushchair friendly

Viewing points

The visitor centre overlooks the developing reedbed habitat. Three hides (two with 360-degree views) and numerous benches overlook the reedbed, freshwater scrapes, wet grassland and saltmarsh.

Nature trails

A wide variety of short and longer walks are available. The hard-surfaced circular path around the reedbed (2 km) and the paths to all the hides are suitable for wheelchairs. The reserve is also surrounded by a network of public footpaths, these are mainly along grassy sea banks, which can become muddy during wet weather. They provide fantastic views of the saltmarsh, and the wildlife that requires this natural wilderness to survive. A walk of 3 km leads out to the mouth of the River Witham, this can be rewarding as it extends out into The Wash. A wheelchair accessible viewpoint has been created on top of the sea bank overlooking the saltmarsh, but wheelchair access along the sea banks will be difficult.

Refreshments available

•Hot drinks

•Cold drinks

•Confectionery

Accessibility

This is a Summary Access Statement.

Before you visit

•Clear print site leaflet available from our reserve reception

•Free entry and parking your donation help us continue our work

•The reserve is open at all times and entrance is free, the visitor centre (including toilets) is open from 9:30 am to 4 pm daily (from March to October, it is open until 5 pm at weekends and on Bank Holidays). The visitor centre is closed on Christmas Day

•Registered Assistance Dogs welcome. Other dogs are welcome on the public footpaths and sea banks, but not on the trail around the reedbed or the hides

•Check accessibility for events and activities.

How to get here

•Boston railway station, 4 miles (6.4 km) away. Taxis are normally at the station

•Bus stop in Kirton village about 3 miles (5 km)

Car parking

•Three Blue Badge spaces 24 m from the visitor centre

•60 spaces about 40 metres from the visitor centre, across a road

•Loose aggregate surface

•No lighting

•Drop-off outside the visitor centre.

Visitor centre and shop

Entry by three steps or a ramp, both with handrails either side. Manual, inward opening, heavy door, often secured open during summer. Seating available. Close views of wildlife from here. Binoculars for hire. Information displayed in clear print format. Staff available to assist.

Nature trails

Three trails. Reedbed trail mostly flat on compacted aggregate with 2 kissing gates. Steps and gentle slopes, grass paths and uneven ground on other paths. Benches at view points at varying distances. Information boards in clear print format.

Viewing facilities

Three viewing hides are available.

Toilets and baby changing facilities

Three toilets in the visitor centre. One is a unisex accessible toilet. Non-slip flooring. Baby changing facilities.

Catering

Hot and cold drinks from a self-service machine as well as cold snacks are available in the visitor centre.

Picnic area

Five tables outside the visitor centre; two have wheelchair space. Visitors are welcome to consume their own food and drink here and are also welcome to eat inside the visitor centre.

Education facilities

No dedicated provision.

Help us improve accessibility by sending feedback to the Site Manager.

For more information

Frampton Marsh

E-mail:lincolnshirewashreserves@rspb.org.uk

Telephone:01205 724678

How to get here

By bicycle (Sustrans cycle route)

National Cycle Route 1 is approx 2.5 km from the reserve entrance.

By train

Boston is the nearest train station, about four miles (6.4 km) away. Leave Boston on the A16 Spalding road. Then follow directions given under road access.

By bus

The nearest bus stop is in Kirton village, approximately three miles (5 km) from reserve entrance. The 113 Brylaine bus and the 58 Kimes bus run from Boston through Kirton weekdays and Saturdays. There are no buses on Sundays. From the centre of Kirton, take Station Road towards the A16. Cross over the A16 and take Horseshoe Lane towards Frampton. Follow this road through the village of Frampton and beyond for approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) until you reach the visitor centre. The reserve is also served by the ‘Call Connect’ on demand bus service from Boston. This operates 7am – 7pm weekdays, 8am – 6pm Saturday. For more details call 0845 2343344 or visit lincsinterconnect.com

By road

Signposted from the A16 between Boston and Kirton, follow the signs to RSPB Frampton Marsh.

Other ways to get to the reserve

The Macmillan Way long-distance footpath (starting in Boston) crosses the reserve.

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