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Место отправки - Ковров - maps.google.com/?q=56.35767025,41.331056573&z=16 от alexsteplop оригинал - instagram.com/p/8K8muHyWOP/
The Insatiable Glutton,' Puck magazine cartoon, December 1882.
The selflessness of soldiers fostered great respect in the years after the war. Pension payments were increased regularly, and men pursuing political office often found that their obvious injury proved useful in attracting voters.
Yet as Americans sought to put the memory of the conflict behind them, they increasingly ignored the plight of aging, disabled, impoverished veterans.
Instead, memorializing the dead and asserting national patriotism became the focus of Civil War remembrances, and the image of the disabled soldier became one of a money-grabbing dependent.
At the close of the Revolutionary War, the United States government began administering a limited pension system to soldiers wounded during active military service or veterans and their widows pleading dire Poverty. It was not until the 1830's and the advent of universal suffrage for white male and patronage democracy, however, that military pensions became available to all veterans or their widows. Despite these initial expansions, the early U.S. military pension system was minuscule compared to what it became as a result of the Civil War.
Beginning in 1861, the U.S. government generously attended to the need of its soldiers and sailors or their dependents. Because the Federal government did not implement conscription until 1863, these first Civil War benefits in many ways were an attempt to induce men to volunteer. Although altered somewhat over the years, the 1862 statute remained the foundation of the Federal pension system until the 1890s. It stipulated that only those soldiers whose disability was "incurred as a direct consequence of . . . Military duty" or developed after combat "from causes which can be directly traced to injuries received or diseases contacted while in military service" could collect pension benefits. The amount of each pension depended upon the veteran's military rank and level of disability. Pensions given to widows, orphans, and other dependents of deceased soldiers were always figured at the rate of total disability according to the military rank of their deceased husband or father. By 1873 widows could also receive extra benefits for each dependent child in their care.
In 1890 the most notable revision in the Federal pension law occurred: the Dependent Pension Act. A result of the intense lobbying effort of the veterans' organization, the Grand Army of the Republic, this statute removed the link between pensions and service-related injuries, allowing any veteran who had served honorably to qualify for a pension if at some time he became disabled for manual labor. By 1906 old age alone became sufficient justification to receive a pension.
At the same time that pension requirements were becoming more liberal, several Southern congressmen attempted to open up the Federal system to Confederate veterans. Proponents justified such a move by noting that Southerners had contributed to Federal pensions through indirect taxes since the end of the war. These proposals met with mixed responses in both North and the South, but overwhelmingly, opposition came from those financially comfortable Confederate veterans and southern politicians who regarded such dependency on Federal assistance a dishonor t the Lost Cause. It should be noted that impoverished Southern veterans frequently were not averse to the prospect of receiving Federal pensions. In any event, no such law ever passed, and Confederate veterans and their widows never matriculated into the Federal pension system.
Although U.S. Civil War veterans had received pensions since 1862 and Southern state governments had provided their veterans with artificial limbs and veteran retirement homes since the end of the war, it was not until the 1880s and early 1890s that the elevens states of the former Confederacy enacted what can accurately be called pension systems. The economic devastation of he war and the political upheaval of Reconstruction best explain this long delay. When Southern pension systems did finally emerge, they generally resembled the pre-1890 U.S. system: eligibility depended upon service-related disability or death and indigence, and widows as well as other dependents of deceased soldiers could receive pensions. Despite these similarities, however, there were striking differences. First, in the South widows collected pensions set at a specific rate for widows of deceased soldiers. These rates were generally lower than those to which their husbands would have been entitled should they have survived. Under the Federal system, there was no separate category for widows. Second, most Southern pension laws determined stipend amounts based only on the degree of disability. No regard was given to military rank. Third, there was never a Confederate equivalent to the 1890 U.S. Dependent Act. Although over time Confederate pension requirements became more liberalized, there was always an income and poverty limit-pensions were never given simply for service. Fourth, whereas indirect taxes funded Federal pensions, most Southern states financed their pension through a direct tax. And fifth, because Southern pension systems were on the state level only, they varied as to method and amount and were much less financially generous than U.S. pensions. Though the individual pensions of Southerners were minuscule compared to those of Federal veterans and war widows, as a percentage of state expenditures, Southern pension expenditures were monumental. Of all the former Confederate states, Georgia generally spent the most per year on pensions, Alabama ran a close second.
Both the Federal government and Southern state governments continued to provide pensions for Civil War veterans and their widows well into the middle of the twentieth century. In all, billions of dollars were expended by both sides in an effort to "reward" the survivors of America's costliest war. Because of the high rates of expansion in both the Federal and Confederate systems, critics frequently accused pensioners and officials alike of corruption and fraud. Those pensioners most often labeled as frauds were widows, especially young women who had married veterans much older than themselves, supposed "cowards," and, in the Federal system, black veterans. By the mid-twentieth century, both systems were generally considered devoid of original integrity.
U.S. Government Still Pays Two Civil War Pensions
February 9, 2012
Despite the fact that the Civil War ended April 9, 1865 (53,630 days ago, for reference), the government is still paying out veterans' pensions.
Records from the Department of Veterans' Affairs show that two children of Civil War veterans, as of September, are receiving pensions from their fathers' service. Department of Veteran Affairs spokesman Phil Budahn says the VA last checked in on the benefits recipients in the fall. Both were alive, but in poor health. Budahn says it's likely that the children of the Civil War veterans, who have wished to remain anonymous, both had illnesses that prevented them from ever becoming self-sufficient.. Trevor Plante, a reference chief at the National Archives says it's also possible that the beneficiaries were young when their fathers died and had no living mothers to care for them, which would also qualify them for their fathers' pensions.
Plante says unlike current times, where pensions are granted to dependents based off military service numbers or social security numbers, in the late 19th century, people had to prove their connection to a deceased veteran by sending the government evidence of their relationship. Children, parents and spouses submitted photographs, love letters, marriage certificates, diaries and gifts to prove they were eligible for pensions.
"Genealogists love pension files because you never know what you are going to get. Civil War pensions are especially fascinating because of the wide array of things people submitted as evidence."
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, only Union soldiers were eligible for military benefits. It wasn't until the 1930s that confederate soldiers began receiving pensions from the federal government. Prior to that, confederate soldiers could apply for benefits through the state they resided in.
The last verified Civil War veteran, Albert Woolson, died in 1956 at age 109. The last widow, Gertrude Janeway, died in 2003 at age 93.
Budhan says he respects the request for privacy, but would be fascinated to learn about the lives and memories of the last two people receiving pensions from the Civil War. "I was hoping that someone would be able to talk to these folks," he says.
...to all of you, my FlickrFriends!!! After 3 years and a few months, my view count has finally reached 200,000 views! I still remember how surprised I was when I got my first view on Flickr. (even more so now, when I look back at my first shots...*+^)
I'd also like to take this opportunity to apologize to each and every one of you for not visiting as often as I would like. Sometimes, there just aren't enough hours in the day, if you know what I mean...and I'm sure you do!
Thank you, people...you are the best!!!!!....^+^
There are so many different role of life in this world, everyone can be on the way. When you fall over by accident occasionally, the coolest people can be the same embarrassed.
Photographer: Joker
Tel: +86-10-18610612097
Email: onyourfeet@sina.com
WeChat: Joker_Punk
Weibo: 刘磊_造梦师
i didn't realize that i was such a glutton for diapers! this looks like a lot, but i never feel like i have enough
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if you know me you know i can't cook for shit and my favorite food is chef boyardee but bacon weaves had caught my eye a few times as i lurked the internet and today i gave it a shot.
step 1. weave 5x5 strips of bacon
step 2. grill
step 3. add cheese and let it melt
step 4. Roll and cut into slices.
step 5. head over to the gym and vomit
Glutton for punishment, got more shoes to mosaic. Now why were there only one of each at the Goodwill? Is someone copying me?
It never ceases to surprise me just how tame these birds have become over the years.
They used to be so flighty but now they can be seen in parks and gardens which is where this glutton turned up.
He is a regular but is so greedy that he crams his crop causing his neck to waggle from side to side as he tries to get the last swallow down.
Case for Gaviscon tonight maybe?
therainbowfashionista.blogspot.com/2013/07/glutton-for-fa...
Skin: cStar Limited - Jordan 3 - Bourbon - B Cup
Hair: .Olive. - the Anya - Tasty Pastel - Pink
Eyes: .ID. - June Gift - Galaxy Eyes
Lashes: .ploom. - Lashes 1
Eye Liner: cStar Limited - Cat Liner - 008 - Jester Cat
Necklace and Bracelet Set: *MM* - Yummy Charm Jewelry Set
Chest Piercing: Cute Poison - Asset Piercing
Corset: Schadenfreude - Cupcake Gluttony Corsets - Rigged Version - Pink
Lingerie: Schadenfreude - White Cupcake Gluttony Set
Nails: Slink - Avatar Enhancement Fingernails WITH [Atooly] Slink Avatar Enhancement FingerNail HUD Cupcake Set
Ring: Schadenfreude - Dark Chocolate Bonbon Ring
Pose: Apple Spice - Fashion Pose 005
Pose Prop - GLITTERATI - Shoe addict
Shoes: *DD* Allo Cherry Platforms (light pink & teal)
*DD* Allo Striped Platforms (light yellow)
Tonight I was at Leah's playing Majong with the girls. It was a Majong Pizza Sendoff evening, we wanted to play Majong and I wanted to eat pizza and they wanted to see me before I head over to Asia. SO! They helped me with FGR's theme tonight, The Seven Deadly Sins. There are notes on the picture if you can't tell what we're acting out, even though it's obvious. ;)
The Old Grey Telephone Box. (A 'K6' version)
At Glutton Bridge..
(I expect you know this one well Isla!!)
There are so many different role of life in this world, everyone can be on the way. When you fall over by accident occasionally, the coolest people can be the same embarrassed.
Photographer: Joker
Tel: +86-10-18610612097
Email: onyourfeet@sina.com
WeChat: Joker_Punk
Weibo: 刘磊_造梦师
An Australian Pied Cormorant (Phalacrocorax varius) which was fishing for Yabby's in a pond next to Meelup beach, near Dunsborough, south wes Western Australia. It ate 4 or 5 whilst I was watching, repeatedly shaking the little crayfish (maybe to remove their claws!?) before swallowing them whole. He then hauled himself up onto a branch to dry out.
A special item on the menu. The menu listed this sandwich being loaded with Roasted Pork Belly, Brown Sugar Bacon, Pulled Pork, BBQ Slaw, Banana Peppers, Pickles, and Grain Mustard.
So I thought it'd be a good idea to do a little workout on the pastures after that.
Cully kept nickering and whining in protest on the way.
Upon entering, I had to forcefully push him a bit to get him onto the pasture while saying, "MOVE IT!"
When I turned around to close the gate, I may have said, "little fatty," under my breath.
Just as I closed the gate, I suddenly felt a huge pain in my rump and got lifted off the ground an inch.
Either Cully got mad at me for removing from his snacking session, or he understood what I just said. Either way, he full on mule kicked me in the butt.
Next: flic.kr/p/2q5j2SF
The praying mantis relationship with humans has been somewhat contradictory because on one hand has aroused the curiosity and admiration and the other raises the suspicion and fear. In general the mantis in Spain is considered a dangerous and poisonous animal despite being totally harmless. In some municipalities, the praying mantis get vernacular names like "death" (Arroba de los Montes, Ciudad Real) or dragonfly "(Villanueva de los Infantes, Ciudad Real) that reveal the negative conception. Contrasting these names with those of 'religious' scientific and common name and the "Santateresa" alluding to the position where it is reportedly praying when you are actually watching for their prey. Being a major consumer of other invertebrates such as grasshoppers pose as a species is considered very beneficial. Similarly, its beauty and aggression seem to generate a special attraction for many people. As for his productions or "ootheca" in some municipalities were considered as a good omen. Today these two concepts coexist and have already appeared breeding practices of other genres allochthonous family of mantids as la Sphodromantis viridis or "great African mantis".
Probably the 1st of a few gloomy shots of Parkhouse Hill. Inspired by recent publicenergy and purefinder shots decided to go back on my last day off before returning to stinking work, but it was overcast (as always whenever I go anywhere), so making the best of a bad job.
There are some quite stunning shots of this on Flickr in really good weather and it looks stunning (see the above's shots but also Tricky's and Primed Ministers - fantastic). Will go back on a nicer day... (will do it better next time!)
For the last few days the sink in my house has been inoperable due to some trouble with the pipes, and this has led to a stack of dirty dishes. When this happens the ants often find a delicious snack and the whole hive comes out to celebrate. I take the opportunity to lay out some syrup mixed with boric acid which they eat and then take back to the nest. After a day or two... BOOM! No more ants.
Nikon 35/1.8 reversed, a difficult technique I'm struggling to master. These ants are about 3mm in length.