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Example FAD applied to a centrifugal pump designed and manufactured by the second year mechanical engineering students at ICL.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Bachem Ba 349 Natter (English: Colubrid, grass-snake) was a World War II German point-defence rocket-powered interceptor, which was to be used in a very similar way to a manned surface-to-air missile. In 1943, Luftwaffe air superiority was being challenged by the Allies over the Reich and radical innovations were required to overcome the crisis. Surface-to-air missiles appeared to be a promising approach to counter the Allied strategic bombing offensive; a variety of projects were started, but invariably problems with the guidance and homing systems prevented any of these from attaining operational status. Providing the missile with a pilot, who could operate a weapon during the brief terminal approach phase, offered a solution.
After a rather fast and troublesome development phase the Natter was rushed into production. The SS ordered 150 Natters, and the Luftwaffe ordered 50, and the first serial production aircraft, now designated Ba 349 A-1, reached operational status in April 1945 with the Erprobungskommando (EK) 349. An operational launch site under the code name “Operation Kroku”s was being established in a small, wooded area called Hasenholz, south of the Stuttgart to Munich autobahn and to the east of Nabern unter Teck. Around the end of February and the beginning of March the Organisation Todt had been in action, constructing each set of the trios of concrete foundations (or "footings") for the stationary launch towers. These three launch pads and their towers were arranged at the corners of an equilateral triangle, 120 m per side.
By August 1945, 91 aircraft had been delivered to EK 349 and the first operational unit, the JG 400, into which the test unit was soon integrated. But a persistent lack of fuel, staff and maintenance resources kept most of them grounded. It was clear that the original plan for a huge network of Ba 349 bases that protected important locations would never be realized, and the idea of stationary bases made this network vulnerable to air raids, too. As a consequence mobile launch rigs for the Natter were developed, the so-called “Rampenwagen I”. This self-propelled vehicle was based on repurposed Königstiger battle tank hulls that had their engine moved into a mid-chassis position behind the driver’s compartment. This arrangement offered enough space at the heavy chassis’ rear section to carry an erectable ramp and two vacuum pumps that powered the launch sled for a single Natter that ran on rails on the ramp. The Natter interceptor was hooked with the ehlp of a crane into the erected ramp and started vertically. Beyond the Ba 349 this device could also be used to start the Messerschmitt E-4 “Enzian” anti-aircraft missile in a similar fashion, as well as the unmanned Fieseler Fi 103 “V1” cruise missile at a shallow launch angle
Adapting the existing Tiger II chassis turned out to be relatively easy, and unfinished hulls could be modified without major problems. A side benefit of the new mid-engine layout was that the driving shaft to the gearbox in the Jagdtiger’s front hull was shorter, saving material, weight, and internal space behind the engine bay. As a drawback the access to the engine compartment was limited through the low and long launch ramp – it had to be erected or even removed before the engine could be changed. Another characteristic feature of the modified hull was a different running gear. It used elements of Porsche’s original Tiger I running that was rejected for the heavy battle tank but adopted for the heavy Ferdinand/Elefant SPG that was based on Porsche’s Tiger I design. It consisted of four wheel-units per side made from pairs of 700 mm diameter steel road wheels and a longitudinal torsion bar suspension that remained outside of the hull. While its off-road performance was not as good as the original interleaved running gear with torsion bars inside of the hull, the Porsche system offered a production advantage over the Henschel running gear: it took a third less time to produce than Henschel’s system, reduced the hull construction time as well as machining time, required less maintenance, and could actually be completely replaced in the field without (theoretically) removing other parts and without the use of a jack. The Porsche system also saved about 1,200 kg in weight, 450 man-hours of work time, gained 100 mm more ground clearance, and saved RM 404,000 (Reichsmarks) in cost per vehicle. Much more importantly though, the use of this suspension freed up space inside the vehicle, an entire cubic meter extra! A few standard Jagdtiger SPGs were finished with this running gear, too, but it only became a standard on refurbished vehicles.
In service the Rampenwagen I received the official designation of Sd.Kfz. 282, and only a handful of these complex and bulky vehicles were build oer deilevered to frontline units until late 1945. In practice the Rampenwagen I was operated in combination with other vehicles to from mobile launch units for the Natter - plans envisioned groups with Sd.Kfz. 282s, accompanied by trabsporters for the tiny fighters, two cranes to lift them onto the launch sled on the ramp, plus fuel bowsers, a command and radio unit, plus supprt vehicles for staff and pilots as well as other equipment, and ideally even a mobile radar system that could guide and coordinate the interceptions. This, however, never materialized, due to the lack of resources, and only the Luftwaffe's JG 400 became operational enough to make some Ba 349 starts in the defense of the Stuttgart area, with very limited success.
Specifications:
Crew: 2 (Driver, Radio operator/ramp engineer)
Weight: 59.5 tons (131.050 lb)
Length: 14,04 m (45 ft 11 ¾ in) overall
7,80 m (25 ft 6 ½ in) hull only
Width: 3.625 m (11 ft 10 ½ in)
Height: 4.97 m (16 ft 3 ½ in) with launch sled
14,54 m (47 ft 7 ¾ in) with erected ramp
Ground clearance: 56,5 cm (22¼ in)
Suspension: Longitudinal torsion bars
Fuel capacity: 860 Liter (190 imp gal, 230 US gal)
Armor:
20–180 mm (0.79 – 7 in)
Performance:
Maximum road speed: 34 km/h (21 mph)
Operational range: 120 km (75 mi) on road
80 km (50 mi) off road
Power/weight: 10,08 PS/ton
Engine:
V-12 Maybach HL230 P30 with 600 hp/441 kW
Transmission:
Maybach eight-speed OLVAR OG40-1216B gearbox
Armament:
None installed
The kit and its assembly:
Well, it's not really armour, but since this... thing is based on a Jagdtiger I put it here. It's actually cross-linked with the Ba 349 Natter that I am building in parallel - after all, how should that tiny rocket fight start? This thought had been on my mind for quite a time, and I had the Brengun Natter stashed away for some time. But creating a mobile launch platofrm - or better: coming up with a concept that could be turned into a model somehow, took really long. First ingredient was a Fujimi steam catapult kit from WWII, which works with an external sled, towed by a cable, quite different to the launch catapults that were for instance used for the Fi 103 VI, which operated like aircraft carrier steam catapults with a sled in a pressurized tube.
Finding a suitable chassis was more complicated. First bet was "Karl Gerät" mortar, which turned out to be much too big and also not really compatible with the Fujimi catapult, and the project went into hiatus again. Until inspiration struck and I remembered the Jagdtiger that I had built last year or so, with an oversized L/100 gun and the casemate moved to the rear of the hull (and the engine in a mid-positionj behind the drivers' compartment). That could work in size and arrangement!
Said and done, I procured an(other) Trumpeter Jagdtiger with the late Porsche running gear, with simplified and standardized elements that were intended for the E-Series of tanks, what would fit well into the model's intended time frame of mid 1945. And from that on things went straightforward, only that the catapult was shortened by 3" at the rear and modified to stand vertical - with the bonus that was able to construct a joint so that this is even functional. The launch sled, which was slightly tailored to hold the Natter, is movable, too. That area inside of the Jagdtiger hull had to be filled/improvised, but that worked well, too, thanks to some donor parts from a Modelcollect E-50 tank.
Painting and markings:
The paint scheme caused the next headaches. This is supposed to be a special vehicle, (re)constructed from a Jagdtiger hull, and somehow I did not find Dunkelgelb to be a proper solution. Late in WWII many tanks received an overall Olivgrün factory finish, but I also did not like that idea for this massive thing. Luftwaffe vehicles were, at least during early war stages, painted in their own color, RAL 7016, a dark and rather bluish tone slightly lighter than RAL 7021 Panzergrau, but that did not appear suitable, either. Red Oxidprimer was another option, but rejected, too.
Eventually I settled for a very simple overall RAL 7021 finish - a tone which was still available in considerable volume and applied to operational tanks - and in this case it would be a "2nd line vehicle". The dark tone would also work well to hide the launch platform's bulk in the shadows of trees or buildings, and it simply "looks German". Since the lattice girder catapult with the pressure piston inside was build before painting I used a rattle can - another argument for a uniform livery. After that the model was dry-brushed, decals and matt varnish were applied, and some dirt and dust was added with water colors and pigments.
It´s functional, by turning the axle connector it can load the container. Here´s a video www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDLaUdDTpNg
Alicia Diaz, 2008.
Car Crashes Coasters
Acrylic on Paper Coaster
4.5 in X 3.5 in.
Place on Bar tables and bars.
Functional Photography Co. - Available to Shoot! Contact me for Schedule, Bookings & Prints. - #canon #bwphotogrhy #bnw_captures #visualsoflife #instabw #bwmasters #ig_bw #excellent_bnw #igblacknwhite #blackandwhite #bnw_demand #bnwmood #bnw_planet #bnw_society #bnw_magazine #bw_pictures #bnw_of_our_world #top_bnw #bw_lovers #bw_crew #noir_vision #bnw_diamond #flair_bw #rsa_bnw #bnw_life #bnw_guru #love_bnw #jj_blackwhite #bwsquare #owl #carved ift.tt/2GVjdQM
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About Simple Kids Crafts: Easy simple kids crafts with video and step-by-step instructions, Crafts for kids. Kindergarten, preschool, and elementary school crafts. Make wonderful, simple crafts with things found around the house.
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A new functional fitness training room equipped for cutting-edge cross-fitness workouts opened Nov. 1 at the Carey Physical Fitness Center on Camp Casey.
Col. John M. Scott, Commander, U.S. Army Garrison Red Cloud and Area I and other garrison officials took part in a ribbon-cutting ceremony to officially open the room.
It measures 20 feet by 44 feet and is equipped with TRX suspension bands, resistance bands, assisted pull-up suspension bands, battling ropes, Olympic rings, Olympic bars, rubber weight plates, weighted jump ropes, kettle bells, dumbbells, stability balls, medicine balls, plyometric boxes, a speed ladder, situp bar, mini hurdles, and a variety of workout machines, among other fitness items.
Hereditary Grand Falconer costume
Green velvet
1821
The costume was worn by William, 8th Duke of St Albans (1768-1825) at the coronation of King George IV in July 1821. The Duke's titles included that of Hereditary Grand Falconer, an honorary rather than a functional role; he was one of five figures - including a herb-strewer, a pursuivant, a privy councillor and a baron - who preceded the King in the procession from Westminster Hall to Westminster Abbey. The magnificence and splendour of George IV's coronation was inspired by the coronation of Napoleon I in France in 1804.
[Fashion Museum]
Part of the Fashion Museum exhibition: Georgians – Dress for Polite Society.
includes over 30 original 18th century outfits and ensembles drawn from the Fashion Museum collection, including gowns made of colourful and richly patterned woven silks and embroidered coats and waistcoats worn by Georgian gentlemen of fashion...The exhibition includes three grand mantuas - with wide skirts originally held out by cane supports known as panniers, from the French word for baskets - worn at the Georgian courts in the 1750s and 1760s...The exhibition also includes work by leading fashion designers Anna Sui, Meadham Kirchhoff, Vivienne Westwood, Stephen Jones, and Alexander McQueen showing how the elegance and grace of Georgian dress continues to inspire fashion designers today.
[Fashion Museum]
In the Fashion Museum
The Bath Assembly Rooms, built 1769-71, designed by John Wood, the Younger (1728-82).
Opened by subscription on 30 September 1771 to serve the fast-expanding upper town, this 'large and noble block' (Pevsner) became the heart of polite Bath society: see the description in Dickens's 'The Pickwick Papers' (1836). One of the most magnificent of all Georgian civic buildings, it entered use as a lecture and concert hall (in which Liszt performed) in the 19th century before becoming a cinema and market in the 20th. The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB), through the munificence of Ernest Cook, bought the building in 1931. It was lavishly restored under the eye of Mowbray Green, the Bath architect, and re-opened in October 1938. Severe bomb damage in April 1942 affected the interior, and the ballroom in particular, leaving the building a gutted shell: this was Bath's most severe architectural casualty of the war. A second full restoration was undertaken in the early 1960s under the direction of Sir Albert Richardson, assisted by E.A.S. Houfe; Oliver Messel advised on the decorative schemes. The Assembly Rooms were re-opened in May 1963. The complex now includes the Museum of Costume, housed in the basement (work undertaken in 1978-79).
A notable Palladian public entertainment building, showing the adaptation of the Woods' domestic architectural vocabulary for public use on a scale of Roman magnificence. It is also a triumph of restoration.
[British Listed Buildings]
Functional medicine( organicnow.com.mx/what-do-we-do/ )using a system oriented approach and engaging both patient and practitioner in a therapeutic partnership. Functional medicine to identify and address the root causes of diseases and view the body as integrated system. Medicine lacks the proper methodology and tools for preventing and treating complex.
items for the functional felt swap, made by my friend birdie... who doesn't have a flickr account but did just get a new digital camera and sent me this photo.
she made little saddle shoes, little ballet-slipper style booties, and a felted ball. super-cute!
■ Box and bag close-up.
This is a functional sword perfectly apt for tameshigiri and heavy cutting , the blade is 1050 carbon steel, differentially hardened with real hamon and extremely sharpened, with full tang and bo-hi for lightweight use. Authentic same, and very good, elegant, themed koshirae. Taken handheld.
■ Detalle de la caja y funda.
Es una espada funcional perfectamente apta para tameshigiri (pruebas de corte), la hoja es de acero 1050 al carbono, con templado diferencial, hamon autentico, y extremadamente afilada, con mango de longitud total y bo-hi (surco en la hoja) para mayor ligereza y velocidad de uso. La empuñadura es de piel de raya autentica (same) y su koshirae tematico es bueno a la par que elegante. Tomada a pulso.
Where my dad slept as a "bachelor" (that's what the Saudis called men without their families) during his seven year tenure in Saudi Arabia.
Crystallinity and porosity are of central importance for many properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), including adsorption, diffusion, and electronic transport. We have developed a new method for strongly enhancing both aspects through the introduction of a modulating agent in the synthesis. This modulator competes with one of the building blocks during the solvothermal COF growth, resulting in highly crystalline frameworks with greatly increased domain sizes reaching several hundreds of nanometers. The obtained materials feature fully accessible pores with an internal surface area of over 2000 m2 g–1. Compositional analysis via NMR spectroscopy revealed that the COF-5 structure can form over a wide range of boronic acid-to-catechol ratios, thus producing frameworks with compositions ranging from highly boronic acid-deficient to networks with catechol voids. Visualization of an −SH-functionalized modulating agent via iridium staining revealed that the COF domains are terminated by the modulator. Using functionalized modulators, this synthetic approach thus also provides a new and facile method for the external surface functionalization of COF domains, providing accessible sites for post-synthetic modification reactions. We demonstrate the feasibility of this concept by covalently attaching fluorescent dyes and hydrophilic polymers to the COF surface. We anticipate that the realization of highly crystalline COFs with the option of additional surface functionality will render the modulation concept beneficial for a range of applications, including gas separations, catalysis, and optoelectronics.
CNC Numerical Control milling machine in the CNC engineering services is controlled by digitizing signals with an electronic meter.
Numerical control milling machine is a kind of automatic machining equipment developed on the basis of general milling machine. Both of them have the same processing technology and similar structure. Numerical control milling machine is divided into two categories: no - strip and strip. CNC milling machine with cutter library is also known as machining center.
Functional features of CNC engineering services
In addition to the characteristics of ordinary milling machine, CNC milling also has the following characteristics:
CNC engineering services are with good adaptability and flexibility of parts processing. It is able to process parts with complex contour shape or difficult to control size, such as mold parts and shell parts;
CNC engineering services can process parts that cannot be processed or difficult to be processed by ordinary machine tools, such as complex curved parts described by mathematical models and three-dimensional curved parts;
CNC engineering services are able to process parts that need to be processed in multiple processes after the first clamping and positioning;
CNC engineering services have high machining accuracy, stable and reliable machining quality. The pulse equivalent of the numerical control device is generally 0.001mm, and the high-precision numerical control system can reach 0.1μm. In addition, the numerical control machining also avoids the operating error of operators.
CNC engineering services' high degree of production automation can reduce the labor intensity of operators. It is beneficial to the automation of production management.
CNC engineering services have high production efficiency. Generally, the CNC milling machine does not need to use special process equipment such as special fixture. When the workpiece is replaced, workers need only the machining procedure, clamping tools and tool data stored in the numerical control device. The production cycle can be shortened at a large extent. Secondly, the numerical control milling machine has the function of milling machine, boring machine and drilling machine. The process is highly concentrated and the production efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, the spindle speed and feed speed of the CNC milling machine are infinitely variable, so it is helpful to select the optimal cutting amount.
Processing characteristics of CNC engineering services
If the processing position is frame plane and not in the same equal altitude, point position - straight line system CNC milling machine is the best choice. If the machining position is a curved contour, the system of two-coordinate linkage and three-coordinate linkage should be selected according to the geometric shape of the curved surface. According to the requirements of parts processing, staff can add a numerical control dividing head or a numerical control rotary table on the basis of the general numerical control milling machine. At this time the machine tool system is the four coordinates numerical control system, which can process the spiral groove, the blade part and so on.
Size
The CNC milling machine with lifting table of smaller specification, whose table width is less than 400mm, is most suitable for the processing of small and medium parts and the contour milling of complex surface. Larger milling machines, such as gantry milling machines, have workstations of 500-600mm or more and can be used to process large and complex parts.
Precision
CNC engineering services have developed well in our country. The precision standard of CNC milling machine has been established in our country. What’s more, CNC vertical milling machine and lifting table milling machine have professional standards. According to the standard, the positioning accuracy of the linear motion coordinate is 0.04/300mm, the repeated positioning accuracy is 0.025mm, and the milling circle precision is 0.035mm. In fact, the machine tool factory precision has a considerable amount of storage, compared to the national standard tolerance value of about 20% compression. Therefore, from the point of precision selection, the general CNC milling machine can meet the processing needs of most parts. For the parts with high precision, the precision CNC milling machine should be considered.
Batch
For bulk parts processing, users can use a special milling machine. If the parts are manufactured in small and medium batches and are often remanufactured periodically, then a CNC milling machine is appropriate. Because the tools and programs used in the first production can be stored and reused. In the long run, it is inevitable that automatic milling machines will replace regular ones, reducing the labor force and increasing productivity.
The Alhambra (/ælˈhæmbrə/; Spanish: [aˈlambɾa]; Arabic: الْحَمْرَاء [ʔælħæmˈɾˠɑːʔ], Al-Ḥamrā, lit. "The Red One"),[Note 1][Note 2] the complete Arabic form of which was Qalat Al-Hamra,[Note 3] is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It was originally constructed as a small fortress in AD 889 on the remains of Roman fortifications, and then largely ignored until its ruins were renovated and rebuilt in the mid-13th century by the Arab emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of the Emirate of Granada, who built its current palace and walls. It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada.[1] After the conclusion of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, the site became the Royal Court of Ferdinand and Isabella (where Christopher Columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered in the Renaissance style. In 1526 Charles I & V commissioned a new Renaissance palace better befitting the Holy Roman Emperor in the revolutionary Mannerist style influenced by Humanist philosophy in direct juxtaposition with the Nasrid Andalusian architecture, but which was ultimately never completed due to Morisco rebellions in Granada.
Alhambra's late flowering of Islamic palaces were built for the last Muslim emirs in Spain during the decline of the Nasrid dynasty who were increasingly subject to the Christian Kings of Castile. After being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, the buildings occupied by squatters, Alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of Napoleon, who had conducted retaliatory destruction of the site. The rediscoverers were first British intellectuals and then other north European Romantic travelers. It is now one of Spain's major tourist attractions, exhibiting the country's most significant and well-known Islamic architecture, together with 16th-century and later Christian building and garden interventions. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the inspiration for many songs and stories.[2]
Moorish poets described it as "a pearl set in emeralds," an allusion to the colour of its buildings and the woods around them.[3] The palace complex was designed with the mountainous site in mind and many forms of technology were considered. The park (Alameda de la Alhambra), which is overgrown with wildflowers and grass in the spring, was planted by the Moors with roses, oranges, and myrtles; its most characteristic feature, however, is the dense wood of English elms brought by the Duke of Wellington in 1812. The park has a multitude of nightingales and is usually filled with the sound of running water from several fountains and cascades. These are supplied through a conduit 8 km (5.0 mi) long, which is connected with the Darro at the monastery of Jesus del Valle above Granada.[4]
Despite long neglect, willful vandalism, and some ill-judged restoration, the Alhambra endures as an atypical example of Muslim art in its final European stages, relatively uninfluenced by the direct Byzantine influences found in the Mezquita of Córdoba. The majority of the palace buildings are quadrangular in plan, with all the rooms opening on to a central court, and the whole reached its present size simply by the gradual addition of new quadrangles, designed on the same principle, though varying in dimensions, and connected with each other by smaller rooms and passages. Alhambra was extended by the different Muslim rulers who lived in the complex. However, each new section that was added followed the consistent theme of "paradise on earth". Column arcades, fountains with running water, and reflecting pools were used to add to the aesthetic and functional complexity. In every case, the exterior was left plain and austere. Sun and wind were freely admitted. Blue, red, and a golden yellow, all somewhat faded through lapse of time and exposure, are the colors chiefly employed.[4]
The decoration consists for the upper part of the walls, as a rule, of Arabic inscriptions—mostly poems by Ibn Zamrak and others praising the palace—that are manipulated into geometrical patterns with vegetal background set onto an arabesque setting ("Ataurique"). Much of this ornament is carved stucco (plaster) rather than stone. Tile mosaics ("alicatado"), with complicated mathematical patterns ("tracería", most precisely "lacería"), are largely used as panelling for the lower part. Similar designs are displayed on wooden ceilings (Alfarje).[4] Muqarnas are the main elements for vaulting with stucco, and some of the most accomplished dome examples of this kind are in the Court of the Lions halls. The palace complex is designed in the Nasrid style, the last blooming of Islamic Art in the Iberian Peninsula, that had a great influence on the Maghreb to the present day, and on contemporary Mudejar Art, which is characteristic of western elements reinterpreted into Islamic forms and widely popular during the Reconquista in Spain. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhambra