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This week we had the choice of Tim Burton or Alex Stoddard. Two completely different artists, both amazing, and both equally tough to emulate. I chose Alex...
I've been a fan of his work pretty much since the start of his 365 project. His imagination seems endless and his execution of his ideas is nothing short of jaw dropping.
This one really pushed me. I had my brain flooded with ideas from day one and tried several times throughout the week to accomplish something. The visions were there but everything I shot came out half-assed and I was beginning to worry a bit.
With a fresh blanket of snowfall this morning came a new idea and a propelled sense of determination to make it happen. A quick trip to the store lent me my prop of choice. My destination was already known. The only thing missing was to execute the setup and hopefully nail the shot.
The snow was blazing and thankfully the temperatures were only borderline freezing. I set up my gear, affixed my prop and built up the balls to strip down as much as I could bear and get into the state of mind I was hoping for.
The whole ordeal became quite the meditative experience as I found myself barefoot dangling in the air, snow blasting all around me, completely lost in the moment.
I chose to work with the environment I was given instead of trying to push it into a darker mood, so I opted for a slower exposure to really brighten things up with hopes of allowing the red to really pop and hold the viewers eye.
This was a very rewarding experience and I hope I'm able to carry on with this state of mind as the following weeks themes come about :)
Canon 7D
Sigma 30mm 1.4
ISO 200
f/8 @ 1/13 sec.
natural lighting
LR4/CS5
Colouring History - WWII
German Wehrmacht General Anton Dostler is tied to a stake before his execution by a firing squad in a stockade in Aversa, Italy, on December 1, 1945. The General, Commander of the 75th Army Corps, was sentenced to death by an United States Military Commission in Rome for having ordered the shooting of 15 unarmed American prisoners of war, in La Spezia, Italy, on March 26, 1944.
Original B&W photo: cdn.theatlantic.com/static/infocus/ww2_20/s_w01_99-02957.jpg
On 27 May 1541, Blessed Margaret Pole was executed in the Tower of London next to the church of St Peter ad Vincula.
After two years of being imprisoned as a traitor in the Tower, the 67 year old Plantagenet heiress was executed for opposing Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy. As a woman of noble birth, Margaret Pole was given a private execution. There are two accounts of her execution – One says that she was executed by an inexperienced axeman who missed her neck the first time, gashing her shoulder, and that it took a further ten blows to finish her off. The second account tells of how she managed to escape from the block and that she was hewn down by the executioner as she ran.
Margaret Pole was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1886.
Officially the Republic of Korea, and often referred to as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul, the second largest metropolitan city in the world and a major global city.South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 100,032 square kilometers and has a population of over 50 million, making it the third most densely populated (significantly sized) country in the world.
Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Lower Paleolithic period. Korean history begins with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary Dan-gun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Silla 668 AD, Korea went through the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until the end of the Korean Empire in 1910, when Korea was annexed by Japan. After liberation and occupation by Soviet and U.S. forces at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a democracy. A war between the two Koreas ended in an uneasy cease-fire. After the war and a period of military rule, the South Korean economy grew significantly and the country was transformed into a major economy and a full democracy.
South Korea is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 16 administrative divisions and is a developed country with a high standard of living. It has the fourth largest economy in Asia and the 15th largest in the world. The economy is export-driven, with production focusing on electronics, automobiles, ships, machinery, petrochemicals and robotics. South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, OECD and G-20 major economies. It is also a founding member of APEC and the East Asia Summit.
History
The early years
Having occupied Najin and Ch’ŏngjin on 12 August, the Soviets moved into Wonsan and Hamhŭng on 24 August and P’yŏngyang during 24-26 August, sending troops directly into each of the provinces. Chistiakov, commander of the Soviet 25th Army arrived in Hamhŭng on 24 August and in accordance with his orders from the headquarters of the 1st Field Army of the Far Eastern Division he opened negotiations with the provincial governor and other Japanese leaders of the provincial government about taking over administration of the province. The content of their agreement was as follows:
If anyone, whether they are Japanese or Korean, leaves their post, they will immediately be sentenced to death by hanging. … For the time being, the Japanese police and military police will maintain order and administrative functions will continue to be carried out as before by the Japanese provincial governor and his subordinates. Those who cause disturbances of the peace will be severely punished. … Work should continue in factories, workshops, mines etc, and goods must not be removed from these workplaces.
This agreement was published in the Soviet Army’s decree of 25 August. This decree, which stressed the continuation of Japanese administrative and security control, was the Soviet command’s first official position revealing their policy toward the Korean peninsula. However, before a day had passed this decree was cancelled. Song Sŏnggwan, Ch’oe Kimo, Im Ch’ungsŏk and Sally Joe, and Kim Inhak, members of the South Hamgyŏng Province Communist Council as well as To Yongho and Ch’oe Myŏnghak, leaders of the South Hamgyŏng Province branch of the Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence had visited Chistiakov, informing him that a ‘South Hamgyŏng Executive Committee’ had been formed and requesting that authority for administration be transferred to this committee. Chistiakov cancelled the decree and announced that, “this Executive Committee will manage all administrative and security affairs, under the command of the Soviet Army.”
The government moved rapidly to establish a political system that was partly styled on the Soviet system, with political power monopolised by the Worker's Party of Korea (WPK). The establishment of a command economy followed. Most of the country's productive assets had been owned by the Japanese or by Koreans who had been collaborators. The nationalization of these assets in 1946 placed 70% of industry under state control. By 1949 this percentage had risen to 90%. Since then, virtually all manufacturing, finance and internal and external trade has been conducted by the state.
In agriculture, the government moved more slowly towards a command economy. The "land to the tiller" reform of 1946 redistributed the bulk of agricultural land to the poor and landless peasant population, effectively breaking the power of the landed class. In 1954, however, a partial collectivization was carried out, with peasants being urged, and often forced, into agricultural co-operatives. By 1958, virtually all farming was being carried out collectively, and the co-operatives were increasingly merged into larger productive units.
Like all the postwar communist states, North Korea undertook massive state investment in heavy industry, state infrastructure and military strength, neglecting the production of consumer goods. By paying the collectivized peasants low state-controlled prices for their product, and using the surplus thus extracted to pay for industrial development, the state carried out a series of three-year plans, which brought industry's share of the economy from 47% in 1946 to 70% in 1959, despite the devastation of the Korean War. There were huge increases in electricity production, steel production and machine building. The large output of tractors and other agricultural machinery achieved a great increase in agricultural productivity.
Korean war
The consolidation of Syngman Rhee's government in the South with American military support and the suppression of the October 1948 insurrection ended hopes that the country could be reunified by way of Stalinist revolution in the South, and from early 1949 Kim sought Soviet and Chinese support for a military campaign to reunify the country by force. The withdrawal of most U.S. forces from South Korea in June 1949 left the southern government defended only by a weak and inexperienced South Korean army. The southern regime also had to deal with a citizenry of uncertain loyalty. The North Korean army, by contrast, had been the beneficiary of the Soviet Union's outdated Soviet WWII-era equipment, and had a core of hardened veterans who had fought as anti-Japanese guerrillas or with the Chinese Communists.
Initially, the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin rejected Kim's requests for permission to invade the South, but in late 1949 the Communist victory in China and the development of Soviet nuclear weapons made him re-consider Kim's proposal. In January 1950, after China's Mao Zedong indicated that China would send troops and other support to Kim, Stalin approved an invasion.[2] The Soviets provided limited support in the form of advisors who helped the North Koreans as they planned the operation, and Soviet military instructors to train some of the Korean units. However, from the very beginning Stalin made it clear that the Soviet Union would avoid a direct confrontation with the U.S. over Korea and would not commit ground forces even in case of some major military crisis. The stage was set for a civil war between two rival regimes on the Korean peninsula.
For over a year before North Korean forces tried to attack the southern government on June 25, 1950, the two sides had been engaged in a series of bloody clashes along the 38th parallel, especially in the Ongjin area on the west coast. On June 25, 1950, the northern forces escalated the battles into a full-fledged offensive and crossed the parallel in large numbers. Due to a combination of surprise, superior military forces, and a poorly armed South Korean army, the Northern forces quickly captured Seoul and Syngman Rhee and his government was forced to flee further south. However, the North Koreans failed to unify the peninsula when foreign powers entered the civil war. North Korean forces were soon defeated and driven northwards by United Nations forces led by the U.S. By October, the U.N. forces had retaken Seoul and captured Pyongyang, and it became Kim's turn to flee. But in November, Chinese forces entered the war and pushed the U.N. forces back, retaking Pyongyang in December and Seoul in January 1951. In March U.N. forces retook Seoul, and the war essentially became a bloody stalemate for the next two years. The front was stabilized in 1953 along what eventually became the current Armistice Line. After long negotiations, the two sides agreed on a border formed by the Korean Demilitarized Zone, and a ceasefire was declared. An official peace treaty, however, was never signed, and the two Koreas have technically been at war since 1960.
Before the war, Kim took control of North Korean politics, with the support of the armed forces, who respected his wartime record and long resistance to the Japanese. Pak Hon-yong, party vice chairman and Foreign Minister of the DPRK, was blamed for the failure of the southern population to support North Korea during the war and was executed after a show-trial in 1955. Most of the South Korean leftists who defected to the North in 1945–1953 were also accused of espionage and other crimes and killed, imprisoned or exiled to remote agricultural and mining villages. Potential rivals from other groups such as Kim Tu-bong were also purged
Gojoseon 2333 BC–108 BC
Gojoseon (Korean pronunciation: [kodʑosʌn]) was an ancient Korean kingdom. According to the Samguk Yusa and other medieval-era records, Gojoseon is said to have been founded in 2333 BC by Dangun, who is said to be a Posterity of Heaven. It was centered in the basins of Liao and Northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
Archaeological evidence of Gojoseon are found in the transition from the Jeulmun pottery to the Mumun pottery around 1500 BC, when groups of semi-sedentary small-scale agriculturalists occupied most of the Korean Peninsula. Local bronze production began around the 8th century BC. Based on contemporaneous written records, modern historians generally believe it developed from a loose federation into a powerful kingdom between 7th and 4th centuries BC.
Go(고, 古), meaning "ancient," distinguishes it from the later Joseon Dynasty; Joseon, as it is called in contemporaneous writings, is also romanized as Chosŏn.
Proto-Three Kingdoms: 108–57 BC
When Gojoseon was defeated by the Han dynasty of China in 108 BC, the northern region of the peninsula and Manchuria was occupied by the states of Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other minor statelets. Goguryeo's traditional founding date is 37 BC, but it was mentioned in Chinese records as early as 75 BC, or possibly even 2nd century BC. China installed four commanderies in former Gojoseon territory, but three of them fell quickly to Korean resistance. Goguryeo gradually conquered and absorbed all its neighbors, and destroyed the last Chinese commandery in 313.
In the south, the little-understood state of Jin had given rise to the loose confederacies Jinhan, Byeonhan, and Mahan, or collectively, Samhan. Baekje was founded in 18 BC in Mahan territory and began to slowly overtake it. Silla was founded by the unification of six chiefdoms within the Jinhan, traditionally in 57 BC, although it may have been somewhat later. Byeonhan was absorbed into the later Gaya confederacy, which in turn was annexed by Silla.
Because of this continuity, most historians consider the Three Kingdoms to begin around the fall of Gojoseon, but the three did not dominate the peninsula as kingdoms until around 300.
Three Kingdoms: 57 BC – 668 AD
The name "Three Kingdoms" was used in the titles of the histories Samguk Sagi (12th century) and Samguk Yusa (13th century), and should not be confused with the earlier Chinese Three Kingdoms.
The Three Kingdoms were founded after the fall of Gojoseon, and gradually conquered and absorbed various other small states and confederacies. After the fall of Gojoseon, the Han dynasty established four commanderies in northern parts of the Korean peninsula. Three fell quickly to the Samhan, and the last was destroyed by Goguryeo in 313.
The nascent precursors of Baekje and Silla expanded within the web of complex chiefdoms during the Proto Three Kingdoms Period, and Goguryeo conquered neighboring Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other complex chiefdoms in northern Korea and Manchuria. The three polities made the transition from complex chiefdom to full-fledged state-level societies in the 3rd century.
All three kingdoms shared a similar culture and language. Their original religions appear to have been shamanistic, but they were increasingly influenced by Chinese culture, particularly Confucianism and Taoism. In the 4th century, Buddhism was introduced to the peninsula and spread rapidly, briefly becoming the official religion of all three kingdoms.
North-South States: 698–935
After the unification wars, the Tang Dynasty established territories in the former Goguryeo, and began to administer and establish communities in Baekje. Silla attacked the Chinese in Baekje and northern Korea in 671.
China then invaded Silla in 674 but Silla defeated the Chinese army in the north. Silla drove the Tang forces out of the peninsula by 676 to achieve unification of most of the Three Kingdoms.
Unified Silla was a time when Korean arts flourished dramatically and Buddhism became a large part of Silla culture. Buddhist monasteries such as the Bulguksa are examples of advanced Korean architecture and Buddhist influence. State-sponsored art and architecture from this period include Hwangnyongsa Temple, Bunhwangsa Temple, and Seokguram Grotto, a World Heritage Site.
Silla began to experience political troubles in 780. This severely weakened Silla and soon thereafter, descendants of the former Baekje established Later Baekje. In the north, rebels revived Goguryeo, beginning the Later Three Kingdoms period.
Unified Silla lasted for 267 years until, under King Gyeongsun, it was absorbed by Goryeo in 935.
Goryeo Dynasty 918–1392
The Goryeo Dynasty or Koryŏ (Officially the Kingdom of Goryeo) (918-1392) was a Korean sovereign state established in 918 by Emperor Taejo. Korea gets its name from this kingdom which became to be pronounced Korea. It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392. Goryeo expanded its borders to present-day Wonsan in the north-east (936~943) and the Amnok River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean peninsula (1374).
Two of this period's most notable products are Goryeo celadon pottery and the Tripitaka Koreana — the Buddhist scriptures (Tripitaka) carved onto roughly 80,000 woodblocks and stored, and still in, Haeinsa. Goryeo also created the world's first metal-based movable type printing press in 1234 and the oldest surviving movable metal type book, the Jikji, was made in 1377.
In 668, Silla conquered Baekje and Goguryeo with Tang Dynasty help, but by the late 9th century it was tottering, its monarchs being unimaginative and pressed by the power of powerful statesmen. Many burglars and outlaws bubbled and in 900 Gyeon Hwon revolted from Silla control in the Jeolla region as Hubaekje and next year Gung Ye revolted from the northern regions as Hugoguryeo (Taebong). A son-of-a regional lord, Wang Geon went into Hugoguryeo as a general.
Hugoguryeo fell when Wang Geon revolted and killed Gung Ye in 918, and the tottering Silla was too overpowered by Goryeo and Hubaekje and surrendered to Goryeo in 935. In 936 Hubaekje surrendered and Goryeo started a unbroken dynasty that ruled Korea for 474 years.
By the 14th century Goryeo was tottering under Yuan Dynasty control. Although King Gongmin managed to "free" his kingdom from the Mongolian yoke, the Goryeo general Yi Seonggye revolted and overthrew the last king of Goryeo, King Gongyang in 1392. Gongyang was killed in 1394.
The name "Goryeo" is derived from "Goguryeo," one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea. The English name "Korea" derives from "Goryeo." See also Names of Korea.
Joseon Dynasty 1392–1897
Joseon (July 1392 – August 1910) (also Chosŏn, Choson, Chosun), was a Korean sovereign state[3] founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo Kingdom at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul and the kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the Amnok and Duman rivers (through the subjugation of the Jurchens). Joseon was the last royal and later imperial dynasty of Korean history. It was the longest ruling Confucian dynasty.
During its reign, Joseon consolidated its absolute rule over Korea, encouraged the entrenchment of Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society, imported and adapted Chinese culture, and saw the height of classical Korean culture, trade, science, literature, and technology. However, the dynasty was severely weakened during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, when invasions by the neighboring Japan and Qing virtually overran the peninsula, leading to an increasingly harsh isolationist policy for which the country became known as the Hermit Kingdom. After invasions from Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace.
However, whatever power the kingdom recovered during its isolation further waned as the 18th century came to a close, and faced with internal strife, power struggles, international pressure and rebellions at home, the Joseon Dynasty declined rapidly in the late 19th century. In 1895, the Joseon Dynasty was forced to write a document of independence from the Qing Dynasty after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War and its peace treaty, the Treaty of Shimonoseki. From 1897 to 1910, Korea was formally known as the Korean Empire to signify a sovereign nation no longer a tributary of the Qing Dynasty. The Joseon Dynasty came to an end in 1910, when the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty was enforced by the Empire of Japan.
The Joseon's rule has left a substantial legacy on the modern face of Korea; much of modern Korean etiquette, cultural norms, societal attitudes towards current issues, and even the modern Korean language and its dialects stem from the traditional thought pattern that originated from this period.
Korean Empire 1897–1910
The Sino-Japanese War marked the rapid decline of any power the Joseon Dynasty of Korea had managed to hold against foreign interference, as the battles of the conflict itself had been fought on Korean soil and the surrounding seas. With its newfound preeminence over waning China, Japan had Japanese delegates negotiate the Treaty of Shimonoseki with the Qing emissaries, through which Japan wrested control over the Liaodong Peninsula from China (a move designed to prevent the southern expansion of Japan's new rival, Russia), and, more importantly to Korea, scrapped the centuries-old tributary relationship between Joseon and the Qing Dynasty. However, Russia realized this agreement as an act against its interests in northeastern China and eventually brought France and Germany to its side in saying that the Liaodong Peninsula should be repatriated to China.
At the time, Japan had no power to resist such foreign pressure, especially by nations that it considered far more advanced and which it sought to emulate, and as such relinquished its claim to the Liaodong Peninsula. With the success of the three-country intervention, Russia emerged as another major power in East Asia, replacing the Qing Dynasty as the country that the many government officials in the Joseon court advocated close ties with to prevent more Japanese meddling in Korean politics. Queen Min (the later Empress Myeongseong), the consort of King Gojong, also realized this change and recognized it by formally establishing closer diplomatic relations with Russia to counter Japan.
Queen Min began to emerge as a key figure in higher-level Korean resistance to Japanese influence. Japan, seeing its designs endangered by the queen, quickly replaced its ambassador to Korea, Inoue Kaoru, with Miura Goro, a diplomat with a background in the Japanese military. It is widely believed that he orchestrated the assassination of Queen Min on October 8, 1895, at her residence at Gyeongbokgung, nearby the Geoncheong Palace, the official sleeping quarters of the king within Gyeongbok Palace.
Japanese rule 1910–1945
Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion (22 August 1910 to 15 August 1945). Formally, Japanese rule ended on 2 September 1945 upon the Japanese defeat in World War II in 1945.
Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese protectorate in the 1905 Eulsa Treaty, and officially annexed in 1910 through the annexation treaty. Japan's involvement in the region began with the 1876 Treaty of Ganghwa during the Joseon Dynasty and increased with the subsequent assassination of Empress Myeongseong (also known as "Queen Min") in 1895. The 1905 and 1910 treaties were eventually declared "null and void" by both Japan and South Korea in 1965.
In Korea, the period is usually described as a time of "Japanese forced occupation" (Hangul: 일제 강점기; Ilje gangjeomgi, Hanja: 日帝强占期). Other terms used for it include "Japanese Imperial Period" (Hangul: 일제시대, Ilje sidae, Hanja: 日帝時代) or "Wae (Japanese) administration" (Hangul: 왜정, Wae jeong, Hanja: 倭政). In Japan, a more common description is "Japanese rule of Chosun" (日本統治時代の朝鮮, Nippon Tōchi-jidai no Chōsen?).
Provisional Gov't 1919–1948
The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was the partially recognised government in exile of Korea, based in Shanghai, China and later in Chongqing, during the Japanese colonial rule of Korea.The Government was formed on April 13, 1919, following the Korean Declaration of Independence during the March 1st movement of the same year.
The government did not gain formal recognition from world powers, though modest form of recognition was given from the Nationalist Government of China and a number of other governments, most of whom were in exile themselves.
The Government strived for the independence of Korea from Japanese annexation that lasted from 1910 to 1945. They coordinated the armed resistance against the Japanese army during the 1920s and 1930s, including the Battle of Chingshanli in October, 1920 and the assault on Japanese military leadership in Shanghai in April 1932.
This struggle culminated in the formation of Korean Liberation Army in 1940, bringing together many if not all Korean resistance groups in exile. The government duly declared war against Japan and Germany on December 9 1941, and the Liberation Army took part in allied action in China and parts of Southeast Asia.
Prior to the end of World War II, the Korean Liberation Army was preparing an assault against the Japanese in Korea in conjunction with American Office of Strategic Services, but the Japanese surrender prevented the execution of the plan. The government's goal was achieved with Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945.
Division of Korea 1945–1948
The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II, ending Japan's 35-year colonial rule of Korea. In a proposal opposed by nearly all Koreans, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to temporarily occupy the country as a trusteeship with the zone of control demarcated along the 38th parallel. The purpose of this trusteeship was to establish a Korean provisional government which would become "free and independent in due course." Though elections were scheduled, the two superpowers backed different leaders and two states were effectively established, each of which claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean peninsula
The Korean War (1950-1953) left the two Koreas separated by the DMZ, remaining technically at war through the Cold War to the present day. North Korea is a communist state, often described as Stalinist and isolationist. Its economy initially enjoyed substantial growth but collapsed in the 1990s, unlike that of its Communist neighbor China. South Korea emerged, after decades of authoritarian rule, as a capitalist liberal democracy with one of the largest economies in the world.
Since the 1990s, with progressively liberal South Korean administrations, as well as the death of North Korean founder Kim Il-sung, the two sides have taken small, symbolic steps towards a possible Korean reunification.
Geography
South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 680 miles (1,100 km) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.
The country's total area is 38,622.57 square miles (100,032.00 km2).
South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River.
South Korea's terrain is mostly mountainous, most of which is not arable. Lowlands, located primarily in the west and southeast, constitute only 30% of the total land area.
About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. Jeju-do is located about 100 kilometers (about 60 mi) off the southern coast of South Korea. It is the country's largest island, with an area of 1,845 square kilometres (712 sq mi). Jeju is also the site of South Korea's highest point: Hallasan, an extinct volcano, reaches 1,950 meters (6,398 ft) above sea level. The most eastern islands of South Korea include Ulleungdo and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo), while Marado and Socotra Rock are the southernmost islands of South Korea.
South Korea has 20 national parks and some popular nature places like Boseong Tea Field, Suncheon Bay Ecological Park in South Jeolla province
Other info
Oficial Name:
대한 민국
大韓民國
Daehan Minguk
Establishment
- Liberation declared March 1, 1919 (de jure)
- Liberation August 15, 1945
- First Republic August 13, 1948
- United Nations Recognition December 12, 1948
Area:
99.539km2
Inhabitants:
49.235.000
Language:
Korean
[kor] 42,000,000 in South Korea (1986). Population total all countries: 67,019,690. Also spoken in American Samoa, Australia, Bahrain, Belize, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, China, Germany, Guam, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritania, Mongolia, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Islands, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Russia (Asia), Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Suriname, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, USA, Uzbekistan. Alternate names: Hanguohua, Hanguk Mal. Dialects: Seoul (Kangwondo, Kyonggido), Ch'ungch'ongdo (North Ch'ungch'ong, South Ch'ungch'ong), Kyongsangdo (North Kyongsangdo, South Kyongsangdo), Chollado (North Chollado, South Chollado), Cheju Island. There is a difference of opinion among scholars as to whether or not Korean is related to Japanese. Some scholars suggest that both languages are possibly distantly related to Altaic. Dialect boundaries generally correspond to provincial boundaries. Some dialects are not easily intelligible with others (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). The suffix '-do' on dialect names means 'province'. Comprehension of Standard Korean may be lower on Cheju Island. Classification: Language Isolate
Capital city:
Seoul
Meaning country name:
Korea (Korean: 한국 in South Korea ) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Korea is currently divided into North Korea and South Korea.
Although the borders of historical Korean dynasties fluctuated, the peninsula today is defined as coterminous with the political borders of the two Koreas combined. Thus, the peninsula borders China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast, with Japan situated to the southeast across the Korea Strait.
The history of Korea began with the legendary founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by Dangun. Limited linguistic evidence suggests probable Altaic origins of these people, whose northern Mongolian Steppe culture absorbed immigrants and invaders from northern Manchuria, Mongolia and China.[citation needed] The adoption of the Chinese writing system ("hanja" in Korean) in the 2nd century BC, and Buddhism in the 4th century AD, had profound effects on the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Koreans later passed on these, as well as their own advances, to Japan.
After the unification of the Three Kingdoms by Silla in 676, Korea was ruled by a single government and maintained political and cultural independence until the nineteenth century, despite the Mongol invasions of the Goryeo Dynasty in the 13th century and Japanese invasions of the Joseon Dynasty in the 16th century. In 1377, Korea produced the Jikji, the world's oldest movable metal print document. In the 15th century, the turtle ships, possibly the world's first ironclad warships, were deployed, and during the reign of King Sejong the Great, the Korean alphabet han-geul was created.
During the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname the "Hermit Kingdom". By the late 19th century, the country became the object of the colonial designs of Japan and Europe. In 1910, Korea was forcibly annexed by Japan and remained occupied until the end of World War II in August 1945.
In 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed on the surrender and disarming of Japanese troops in Korea; the Soviet Union accepting the surrender north of the 38th parallel and the United States taking the surrender south of it. This led to division of Korea by the two great powers, exacerbated by their inability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. The two Cold War rivals then established governments sympathetic to their own ideologies, leading to Korea's current division into two political entities: North Korea and South Korea.
Desciption Flag:
The flag of South Korea, or Taegukgi (Although revised official Romanization is Taegeukgi, the word Taegukgi has been used in English world historically) has three parts: a white background; a red and blue taegeuk in the center; and four black trigrams, one in each corner of the flag. In Korean, the flag is called the Taegeukgi. The design of the flag was reportedly suggested by Qing diplomat Ma Jianzhong in 1882 during the reign of King Gojong, and was designed by Bak Yeong-hyo, the Korean ambassador to Japan. King Gojong proclaimed the Taegeukgi to be the official flag of Korea on 6 March 1883.
The four trigrams originates in the Chinese book I Ching, representing the four Chinese philosophical ideas about the universe: harmony, symmetry, balance, circulation. The general design of the flag also derives from traditional use of the tricolor symbol (red, blue and yellow) by Koreans starting from the early era of Korean history. The white background symbolizes "cleanliness of the people." The taegeuk represents the origin of all things in the universe; holding the two principles of "Eum", the negative aspect rendered in blue, and "Yang", the positive aspect rendered in red, in perfect balance. Together, they represent a continuous movement within infinity, the two merging as one. The four trigrams are:
||| Force (☰; geon (건; 乾) in Korean) = heaven (天), spring (春), east (東), virtue (仁);
¦¦¦ Field (☷; gon (곤; 坤)) = earth (地), summer (夏), west (西), justice (義);
|¦| Radiance (☲; ri (리; 離)) = sun (日), fall (秋), south (南), courtesy (禮);
¦|¦ Gorge (☵; gam (감; 坎)) = moon (月), winter (冬), north (北), knowledge or wisdom (智).
Traditionally, the four trigrams are related to the Five Elements of fire, water, earth, wood, and metal. An analogy could also be drawn with the four western classical elements.
Coat of arms:
The Coat of arms of South Korea consists in the taeguk symbol present on the national flag surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon bearing the inscription "The Republic of Korea" (Daehan Minguk), the official name of the country, in Hangul characters. The Yin and Yang represents peace and harmony. The Five petals all have meaning and are related to Korea's national flower (the Hibiscus syriacus).
Motto:
널리 인간을 이롭게 하라___-Beneficts to all People-
National Anthem: Aegukga
Hangul
동해 물과 백두산이 마르고 닳도록
하느님이 보우하사 우리나라 만세
남산 위에 저 소나무 철갑을 두른 듯
바람서리 불변함은 우리 기상일세
가을 하늘 공활한데 높고 구름 없이
밝은 달은 우리 가슴 일편단심일세
이 기상과 이 맘으로 충성을 다하여
괴로우나 즐거우나 나라 사랑하세
Hangul and Hanja
東海 물과 白頭山이 마르고 닳도록
하느님이 保佑하사 우리나라 萬歲
南山 위에 저 소나무 鐵甲을 두른 듯
바람서리 不變함은 우리 氣像일세
가을 하늘 空豁한데 높고 구름 없이
밝은 달은 우리 가슴 一片丹心일세
이 氣像과 이 맘으로 忠誠을 다하여
괴로우나 즐거우나 나라 사랑하세
無窮花 三千里 華麗江山
大韓사람 大韓으로 길이 保全하세
Romanization
Donghae mulgwa Baekdusani mareugo daltorok
Haneunimi bouhasa urinara manse
Namsan wie jeo sonamu cheolgabeul dureun deut
Baram seori bulbyeonhameun uri gisangilse
Ga-eul haneul gonghwalhande nopgo gureum eopsi
Balgeun dareun uri gaseum ilpyeondansimilse
I gisanggwa i mameuro chungseong-eul dahayeo
Goerouna jeulgeouna nara saranghase
Mugunghwa samcheolli hwaryeogangsan
Daehansaram daehaneuro giri bojeonhase
English
Until the day when the East Sea's waters and Mt. Baekdu are dry and worn away,
God shall protect and preserve us. May our nation live through eternity!
The pinetree atop Namsan stands firmly unchanged under wind and frost as if wrapped in armour,
as is our resilient spirit.
Autumn sky is void and vast, high and cloudless,
the bright moon is our heart, undivided and true.
With this spirit and this mind, give all loyalty,
in suffering or in joy, love the country.
Three thousand Li of splendid rivers and mountains, filled with Roses of Sharon;
Great Korean People, let us everlastingly preserve our Great Korean nation.
Internet Page: www.english.president.co.kr
S.K. in diferent languages
eng: South Korea
cat | ina | ita: Corea del Sud
hrv | hsb | slv: Južna Koreja
ast | spa: Corea del Sur
dan | swe: Sydkorea
deu | ltz: Südkorea / Südkorea
fra | jnf: Corée du Sud
ind | msa: Korea Selatan / كوريا سلاتن
kin | run: Koreya y’ubumanuko
roh-enb | roh-eno: Corea dal Süd
afr: Suid-Korea
arg: Corea d’o Sur
aze: Cənubi Koreya / Ҹәнуби Кореја
bam: Kɔre Woroduguyanfan
bos: Južna Koreja / Јужна Кореја
bre: Korea ar Su; Sukorea
ces: Jižní Korea
cor: Korea Dheghow
cos: Corea suttana
crh: Cenübiy Koreya / Дженюбий Корея
csb: Półniowò Kòreja
cym: De Corea
dsb: Pódpołdnjowa Koreja
epo: Sud-Koreo; Sud-Koreio
est: Lõuna-Korea
eus: Hego Korea
fao: Suður-Korea
fin: Etelä-Korea
frp: Corê du Sud
fry: Súd-Korea
fur: Coree dal Sud
gag: Üülen Koreya / Ӱӱлен Kорея
gla: Coirea a Deas; Coiria a Deas; Corea a Deas
gle: An Chóiré Theas / An Ċóiré Ṫeas; An Choria Theas / An Ċoria Ṫeas
glg: Corea do Sur
glv: Yn Chorea Yiass
hat: Kore disid
hau: Koreya ta Kudu
hun: Dél-Korea
ibo: Kọria Ndida
isl: Suður-Kórea
jav: Korea Selatan
kaa: Tuʻslik Koreya / Түслик Корея
kmr: Korê ya Cenûbê / Коре йа Щәнубе / کۆرێیا جەنووبێ
kur: Koreya Başûr / کۆرەیا باشوور
lat: Corea Meridionalis; Corea Meridiana
lav: Dienvidkoreja
lim: Zuud-Korea
lin: Kore ya Sidi
lit: Pietų Korėja
lld-bad: Corea dl Süd
lld-grd: Corea dl Sud
mlg: Kôrea Atsimo
mlt: Korea t’Isfel
mol: Coreea de Sud / Корея де Суд
nds: Süüdkorea / Süüdkorea
nld: Zuid-Korea
nor: Sør-Korea
nrm: Coraée-du-Su
oci: Corèa del Sud
pap: Sur-Korea
pol: Korea Południowa
por: Coreia do Sul / Coréia do Sul
que: Uralan Kuriya
rmy: Sudutni Koreya / सुदुत्नी कोरेया
roh-gri: Corea dal Sid
roh-srs: Corea dil Sid
ron: Coreea de Sud
rup: Corea di Not
scn: Corea dû Sud
slk: Južná Kórea
slo: Jugju Korea / Йугйу Кореа
sme: Lulli-Korea
smg: Pėitū Kuoriejė
smo: Malo Korea
som: Kooriyada Koonfureed; Kuuriyada Koonfureed
sqi: Korea Jugore
srd: Corea de Josso
swa: Korea ya Kusini
szl: Korea Pouedńowo
tet: Koreia Súl
tgl: Timog Korea
ton: Saute Kōlea
tpi: Saut Korea
tuk: Günorta Koreýa / Гүнорта Корея
tur: Güney Kore
uzb: Janubiy Quriya / Жанубий Қурия; Janubiy Koreya / Жанубий Корея
vie: Nam Hàn; Hàn Quốc
vol: Sulüda-Koreyän; Hangukän
vor: Lõunõ-Korea
wln: Nonne Corêye
wol: Koore bu Sid
zza: Korya Veroci
abq | bul: Южна Корея (Južna Koreja)
alt: Тӱштӱк Корея (Tüštük Koreja)
bak: Көньяҡ Корея / Könyaķ Koreya
bel: Паўднёвая Карэя / Paŭdniovaja Kareja
che: Къилбера Корея (Q̣ilbera Koreja)
chm: Кечывалвел Корея (Kečyvalvel Koreja)
chv: Кӑнтӑр Корейӑ (Kăntăr Korejă)
kaz: Оңтүстік Корея / Oñtüstik Koreya / وڭتۇستىك كورەيا
kbd: Южнэ Корея (Južnă Koreja)
kir: Түштүк Корея (Tüštük Koreja)
kjh: Южнай Корея (Južnaj Koreja)
kom: Южнӧй Корея (Južnöj Koreja)
krc: Юг Корея (Jug Koreja)
kum: Къыбла Корея (Qybla Koreja)
mkd: Јузна Кореа (Juzna Korea)
mon: Өмнөд Солонгос (Ömnöd Solongos)
oss: Хуссар Корей (Ĥussar Korej)
rus: Южная Корея (Južnaja Koreja)
srp: Јужна Кореја / Južna Koreja
tat: Көньяк Корея / Könyaq Koreä
tgk: Қурияи Ҷанубӣ / قوریۀ جنوبی / Qurijai Çanubī; Кореяи Ҷанубӣ / کاریۀ جنوبی / Korejai Çanubī
tyv: Мурнуу-Көрей (Murnuu-Körej)
udm: Лымшор Корея (Lymšor Koreja)
ukr: Південна Корея (Pivdenna Koreja)
ara: كوريا الجنوبية (Kūrīyā l-Ǧanūbīyâ)
ckb: کۆریای باشوور / Koryaî Başûr
fas: کرۀ جنوبی / Koreye Janubi
prs: کوریای جنوبی (Kōriyā-ye Janūbī)
pus: سهيلي کوريا (Sahīlī Koriyā)
snd: ڏکڻ ڪوريا (Ḋakʰaṇ Koriyā)
uig: جەنۇبىي چاۋشيەن / Jenubiy Chawshyen / Җәнубий Чавшйән; جەنۇبىي چاۋشەن / Jenubiy Chawshen / Җәнубий Чавшән
urd: جنوبی کوریا (Janūbī Koriyā)
div: ސައުތް ކޮރެއާ (Sa'ut Kore'ā)
heb: דרום קוראה (Dərôm Qôreʾah); דרום קוריאה (Dərôm Qôrêʾah); קוראה הדרומית (Qôreʾah ha-Dərômît); קוריאה הדרומית (Qôrêʾah ha-Dərômît)
lad: קוריאה דיל סור / Korea del Sur
yid: דרום קאָריִיע (Dorem Koriye)
amh: ደቡብ ኮርያ (Däbub Korya)
ell-dhi: Νότια Κορέα (Nótia Koréa)
ell-kat: Νότιος Κορέα (Nótios Koréa)
hye: Հարավային Կորեա (Haravayin Korea)
kat: სამხრეთ კორეა (Samĥreṭ Korea)
hin: दक्षिण कोरिया (Dakṣiṇ Koriyā)
ben: দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া (Dôkṣiṇ Koriyā)
pan: ਦੱਖਣੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ (Dakʰkʰaṇī Korīā)
kan: ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕೊರಿಯಾ (Dakṣiṇa Koriyā)
mal: ദക്ഷിണ കൊറിയ (Dakṣiṇa Koṟiya)
tam: தென் கொரியா (Teṉ Koriyā); தென்கொரியா (Teṉkoriyā)
tel: దక్షిణ కొరియా (Dakṣiṇa Koriyā)
zho: 南韓/南韩 (Nánhán); 韓國/韩国 (Hánguó)
yue: 南韓/南韩 (Nàahmhòhn); 韓國/韩国 (Hòhngwok)
jpn: 韓国 (Kankoku)
kor: 한국/韓國 (Hanguk); 남한/南韓 (Namhan)
bod: ལྷོ་ཁྲའོ་ཤན་ (Lho. Kʰra'o.šan.); ཁྲའོ་ཤན་ལྷོ་རྒྱུད་ (Kʰra'o.šan. Lho.rgyud.)
dzo: ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་ (Lho.Ko.ri.ya.)
mya: တောင္ကုိရီးယား (Toũ Koẏìyà)
tha: เกาหลีใต้ (Kaw[h]lī Tái)
lao: ເກົາຫຼີໄຕ້ (Kaw[h]ḷī Tái)
khm: កូរ៉េខាងត្បូង (Kūre Kʰāṅtbūṅ)
chr: ᏅᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎪᎴᏯ / Nvganawu Iditlv Goleya; ᏅᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎪᎴᎠ / Nvganawu Iditlv Golea
FAMOUS HEADS THAT ROLLED AT THE TOWER
Execution inside the Tower was a privilege reserved for those of high rank, or for those who had dangerously strong popular support, to keep them away from the gawping crowds. Ten people were beheaded on Tower Green which stretches to the west of the White Tower.
THE BEHEADED QUEENS
The most well known among those executed on or near Tower Green were three former queens of England. Two of those queens were wives of Henry VIII.
Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII, was in her early 30s and Catherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife, was barely in her 20s. Both were accused of adultery, but neither may have been guilty.
The third queen to meet her end within the Tower was 16-year-old Lady Jane Grey. She was on the throne for just nine days, and was the innocent pawn in a failed military coup by her father-in-law, the Duke of Northumberland.
EXPERT AND BLUNDERING EXECUTIONS
Anne Boleyn was executed by the clean stroke of an expert swordsman shipped in from France especially for the occasion. On the day of her execution, she enquired, 'I heard say the executioner was very good, and I have a little neck.'
By contrast, Margaret Pole who was another victim of the axe was said to be much less lucky in her final moments. A blundering executioner was said to have ‘hacked her head and shoulders to pieces’.
THE EXECUTION SITE MEMORIAL
Today, at the very site of these executions on Tower Green you can see a memorial sculpture and quote dedicated to those who were condemned to death by order of the state.
Repository: California Historical Society
Digital object ID: Vault 306.001.jpg
Date: 1875 March 16
Call number: Vault 306
Preferred citation: [Invitation to attend the execution of Tiburcio Vasquez], Vault 306, courtesy, California Historical Society, Vault 306.001.
"After seeing various successes with the previous Battlefield Manipulation Unit, technicians of the Foundation were instructed by the board of the SF to change certain specifics of the suit. Such specifics were that of the arms: technicians made them more easily able to move, putting less strain on the pilots. The new BMUs were put into mass production after passing inspection from high ranking leaders of the Foundation."
_____________
I tweaked it up a little bit. The arms can now do a full 90 degree lift up sideways and are much more pose able. It's a little hard to explain, but just trust me on that ;D
I'll note all the nifty stuff.
City of Burnside
Constable Hyde Memorial Garden
This garden commemorates the memory of Constable William Hyde who in the execution of his duty on the evening of 2nd January, 1909, was mortally wounded by suspected robbers.
To honour the memory of this gallant officer, this garden was named by the Hon David Tonkin MP, Premier of South Australia, on 14th August 1981, in the presence of Her Worship the Mayor of Burnside, Members of Council and the S A Police Force, on the occasion of The City of Burnside’s 125th year 14th August, 1981.
Coralie J Soward, Mayor
This plaque was donated by the Retired and Serving Members of the S A Police Force.
Adelaide, January 5
Constable Hyde died last night about 10.30 o'clock. An inquest on his body was held today. The doctor's evidence showed that there were superficial wounds on one of his shoulder blades, as if two bullets had grazed that part of the body. The bullet which caused his death was found, on a post-mortem examination, in the base of the brain.
The lady (Mrs Schuetze), who rendered valuable first aid to the deceased constable, was, before marriage, Miss Alice Feast, of Port MacDonnell.
Mr and Mrs Alex. Matschoss, well-known at Mount Gambier, were sitting on their front verandah at their residence in Eastry street when the shooting was going on, and one of the bullets fired by one of the desperadoes narrowly missed Mrs Matschoss. [Ref: Border Watch (Mount Gambier SA) 6-1-1909]
The Coroner held an inquest on Constable Hyde on Tuesday 5 January 1909.
Constable Hyde’s funeral took place 6 January 1909. The cortege left from the residence of his brother, in Power Street, and the interment took place in the West Terrace Catholic Cemetery. All members of the police force who could be spared off duty attended the funeral.
A reward of £250 was offered by the Government for information leading to the discovery and conviction of the murderers. £500 compensation for the loss of her son was paid to Mrs Hyde. [Ref: Border Watch (Mount Gambier SA) 9-1-1909]
There's no avoiding the bullet holes in one of the walls near the entrance to the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, Baku, Azerbaijan. Vintage 1918 but victim/perpetrator identities depend on who one speaks to.
HD PENTAX-D FA 28-105mm f3.5-5.6
This picture is in two different collections with completely different identifications.
Naval History & Heritage Command, Washington, DC, USA identified as “Execution Wall, Cavite, P.I.”
California State Library description “Spanish fortifications, Luneta (Manila)”
Gift to the library by Mrs. Frank Atkinson, Feb. 16, 1948
I tend to believe the Naval History & Heritage Command description is accurate but it is not verifiable that the California State Library description “Spanish fortifications, Luneta” is undeniably in error so it will remain.
Bob Marley - Curfew Burnin` & Lootin`
www.dailymotion.com/video/x98j0f_bob-marley-curfew-burnin...
This morning I woke up in a curfew;
O God, I was a prisoner, too - yeah!
Could not recognize the
faces standing over me;
They were all dressed in
uniforms of brutality. Eh!
How many rivers do we have to cross,
Before we can talk to the boss? Eh!
All that we got, it seems we have lost;
We must have really paid the cost.
- Bob Marley
Bob Marley knew too well what it was like to find himself in a curfew surrounded by the Jamaican security forces dressed in uniform of brutality. He experienced it first hand and sang about it. So too did Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer. They shared the common experience of having their rights as Jamaican citizens trampled upon at one time or another simply because they happened to reside in a West Kingston slum. Bob Marley knew what it was like to have his human rights and civil rights abused by the state just because of his address, his very zip code could have determined his life. Many are not so lucky to have survived as the recent events in Tivoli have proven (May 23, 2010); any community where poor people reside are subject to curfews.
The headlines would read “Massive Police Operation in Sections of the Corporate Area.” These areas are surrounded and cordoned off by hundreds of police and soldiers armed as if they are going to battle with another nation. This failed and destructive policy has been repeated hundreds of times across Kingston’s poorest neighborhoods. To show how ineffective this has become, one just has to look at the crime statistics and the international headlines to see the results, Jamaica “MURDER CAPITAL OF THE WORLD” If this policy were an effective method of crime-fighting Jamaica would be a much safer place by now. Yes, it is obvious the Jamaica has a serious crime problem.
Jamaicans of all walks of life are affected; rightfully so they are very concerned. However, actions like the one in Tivoli Gardens cannot be the solution. Of the hundreds of men, women and even children detained and brutalized for days without charges after the Tivoli operations, almost all were released. Few if any have been charged with any crimes related to the events in Tivoli.
As poverty increase in the country and the expansion of ghettos spread across the capital so too have the expansion of these military/police operations. They follow the poor like a plague spreading mistrust and dislike for the security forces. These poor communities are viewed by the state, the military and the police as places where the citizens are the potential enemy of the Jamaican state and are treated as such. This failed oppressive practice which Bob Marley alluded to in his song “Curfew Burning & Looting” has been in practice since the 1960s. This type of collective punishment (mass dentation without reasonable cause) is reminiscent of practices that were used to round up people in the ghettoes of Nazi Germany have only led to a growing mistrust of the military and especially the police who seem to be the main players in the atrocities. How can the police expect the cooperation from anyone who live in these areas?
Like Bob Marley, I too know what it is like to be caught up in a curfew. As a child growing up in Jones Town, I was fearful and traumatized to see heavily armed soldiers and police with faces absent of compassion barging into our yard. Luckily, I was too young to be dragged away, brutalized and detained without charges. After the raids the news would carry the headlines “Guns and Criminal Elements Netted in Massive Police Operation.” Yet crime and violence continue to sky rocket off the charts. By now one would have thought the government and the security hierarchy would have realized that these massive police operations (Curfew) or state of emergencies are a dismal failure.
What they have continued to do is to alienate communities like Tivoli Gardens which are now labeled “Garrisons.” From May 24, and the days following, we have witnessed atrocities in Tivoli Gardens which have resulted in more then 70 people killed. Residents claimed that many were executed. It is a direct result of a government that has very little respect for the rights of its citizens, especially the poorest. A former Jamaican prime minister Hugh Shearer during a similar operation in the 1960 made the now infamous pronouncement that the security forces should “shoot first and ask questions later.” This is also borne out of 40 years of militarization of the Jamaican security forces in their dealing with the Jamaican public in the inner-cities. As ridiculous as this may sound to many people of sound mind, these citizens who live in Tivoli Gardens and Denham Town have become victims of zip codes, considering the upper classes have never experienced a curfew where they live.
The government and some in the society mostly the upper class have justified this alienation and brutalization of their fellow citizens in order to provide themselves the grotesque illusion of short term security. However, this will not bring security to Jamaica or resolve the causes of crime and violence. The supporters of brutality and murder should ask themselves what would they say if they lived in Tivoli and their sons and daughters were rounded up and brutalized, traumatized or worst executed. What would they say? That this is necessary for the safety of the nation. Their indifference to the suffering of the innocent or their deafening silence is adding fuel to an underlying combustible social structure which will one day erupt into a greater inferno that they can never contain.
The other verses in Bob Marley’s song seems to understand that perfectly.
(That's why we gonna be)
Burnin' and a-lootin' tonight;
(Say we gonna burn and loot)
Burnin' and a-lootin' tonight;
(One more thing)
Burnin' all collusion tonight;
(Oh, yeah, yeah)
Burnin' all illusion tonight.
Oh, stop them!
Give me the food and let me grow;
Let the Roots Man take a blow.
All them drugs gonna make you slow now;
It's not the music of the ghetto. Eh!
Weepin' and a-wailin' tonight;
(Ooh, can't stop the tears!)
Weepin' and a-wailin' tonight;
(We've been suffering these
long, long-a years)
Weepin' and a-wailin' tonight
(Will you say cheer?)
Weepin' and a-wailin' tonight
( but where )
A man report of the abuses he received from the Jamaican security forces. (VIDEO)
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/videos/?vid=ZzTxLGGDeUA
Identifying The Dead (VIDEO)
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/videos/index.php?id=38
The Tivoli Gardens Community-Development Model
管樂小集 - 海山館 / 台灣第一街(延平街) - 黑管妹可愛的笑容讓我不能忘記
Great Music - The Seamount hall / The Taiwan first street (Yan ping street) - The lovable smiling face of The sister with a clarinet let me not to forget
Creat Música - La sala de submarino / La primera calle de Taiwán (Calle del silbido de bala de Yan) - La cara sonriente adorable de la hermana con un clarinet me dejó no olvidar
管楽小集 - 海山館 / 台湾の最初通り(延平通り) - クラリネットの妹のかわいいのは笑って譲り合って私忘れることができません
Große Musik - Die Seamounthalle / Die Taiwan-erste Straße (Yan-Klingelnstraße) - Das entzückende lächelnde Gesicht der Schwester mit einem Clarinet ließ mich nicht vergessen
Grande musique - La salle de mont sous-marin / La première rue de Taiwan (rue de cinglement de Yan) - Le visage de sourire aimable de la soeur avec un clarinet m'a laissé ne pas oublier
Anping Tainan Taiwan / Anping Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南安平
瑪姬 / 珍珠 / James Last Orchestra
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其實我是黑管妹(愛睏仙=無敵鳳眼妹)的粉絲
I am a fans of The sister with a clarinet
Soy los ventiladores de la hermana con un clarinet
私はクラリネットを持つ姉妹のファンである
Ich bin Ventilatoren der Schwester mit einem Clarinet
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{My Blog / 管樂小集精彩演出-觸動你的心}
{My Blog / Great Music The splendid performance touches your heart}
{My Blog / 管楽小集すばらしい公演-はあなたの心を心を打ちます}
{Mi blog / La gran música el funcionamiento espléndido toca su corazón}
{Mein Blog / Große Musik die herrliche Leistung berührt Ihr Herz}
{Mon blog / La grande musique l'exécution splendide touche votre coeur}
家住安南鹽溪邊
The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river
隔壁就是聽雨軒
The next door listens to the rain porch
一旦落日照大員
Once setting sun according to Taiwan
左岸青龍飛九天
The left bank white dragon flying in the sky
Details best viewed in Original Size.
Old Town Square is a historic square in the Old Town quarter of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. It is located between Wenceslas Square and Charles Bridge. The square features buildings belonging to various architectural styles, including the Gothic Church of Our Lady before Týn, which has been the main church of this part of the city since the 14th century. Its characteristic towers are 80 meters high. The Baroque St. Nicholas Church is another church located in the square. Prague Orloj is a medieval astronomical clock mounted on the Old Town Hall. The clock was first installed in 1410, making it the third-oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest one still in operation. The tower of the Old Town Hall is open to the public and offers panoramic views of the Old Town. The square's center is home to a statue of religious reformer Jan Hus, who was burned at the stake in Konstanz for his beliefs. This led to the Hussite Wars. The statue known as the Jan Hus Memorial was erected on 6 July 1915 to mark the 500th anniversary of his death. In front of the Old Town Hall, there is also a memorial to the "martyrs" (including Jan Jesenius and Maxmilián Hošťálek) beheaded on that spot during the Old Town Square execution by Habsburgs, after the Battle of White Mountain. Twenty-seven crosses mark the pavement in their honor. The crosses were installed during the repairs of the Old Town Hall after the Second World War, while a nearby plaque which lists the names of all 27 victims dates from 1911. Orthodox Czechs do not trample these crosses out of respect. On 3 November 1918, a Marian Column that had been erected in the square shortly after the Thirty Years' War was demolished in celebration of independence from the Habsburg empire. The column was re-erected in 2020. At Christmas and Easter, markets are held on the square; they resemble medieval markets. A tall, decorated tree and a musical stage are set up. The Christmas Markets in Old Town Square are the largest Christmas markets in the Czech Republic and are visited by hundreds of thousands of visitors from the Czech Republic and abroad, primarily Germans, Russians, Italians and Britons. In 2016, CNN ranked Prague's Christmas Markets among the 10 best ones worldwide.
This panorama was constructed using Photoshop CC to stitch together horizontally three landscape-oriented images.
Additional information on the Prague’s Old Town Square may be obtained at Wikipedia.
Just before he is thrust barbarically into the depths of the slimepits, Sgt. McCinnis is about to be rescued by his brothers...and...er...sister?
"On the morning of 27th May 1541, Margaret Pole was informed she would be dead within the hour. Henry VIII was determined to rid his realm of anyone that may pose a threat to his throne, which included a frail 67-year-old lady. Until the end, Margaret claimed her innocence before God, she stated no crime had been imputed to her and that she was wrongly judged. According to popular belief, a poem was found carved on the wall of her cell, as follows:
‘For traitors on the block should die;
I am no traitor, no, not I!
My faithfulness stands fast and so,
towards the block I shall not go!
Nor make one step, as you shall see;
Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me!’"
Blessed Margaret Pole was beheaded here, on East Smithfield Green, within the precincts of the Tower, on 27th May 1541, and buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula.
"She died a traitor under the law, but to many others an unlawfully judged elderly woman who did not deserve her cruel end. Following the execution of his mother, Cardinal Reginald Pole said that he would ‘Never fear to call himself the son of a martyr’. And 345 years later, in 1886, Lady Salisbury became exactly that. On the 29th December 1886, she became the Blessed Margaret Pole under the Roman Catholic Church. She was beatified by Pope Leo XIII."
Today, 28 May, is her feast day.
James Cutler & Maggie Smith, 1992, near Old Burying Ground, Salem, Massachusetts, USA, bench. Photo 5 of 7.
History
Early years
Ham in the early 17th century was bestowed by James I on his son, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.[4]
The house was built in 1610 by Sir Thomas Vavasour, Knight Marshal to James I. It originally comprised an H-plan layout consisting of nine bays and three storeys. The Thames-side location was ideal for Vavasour, allowing him to move between the courts at Richmond, London and Windsor.[5][6] Prince Henry died in 1612, and the lands at Ham and Petersham passed to James' second son, Charles, several years prior to his coronation in 1625.[4] After Vavasour's death in 1620, the house was granted to John Ramsay, 1st Earl of Holderness until his death in 1626.
William Murray, 1st Earl of Dysart[edit]
In 1626 Ham House was leased to William Murray, whipping boy and close childhood friend of Charles I. Murray's initial lease was for 39 years and, in 1631, a further 14 years added but this did not give long term security of tenure for Murray's family. When George Cole had to sell his property in Petersham as part of the enclosure of Richmond Park in 1637, he made over the remaining leases of the Manors of Ham and Petersham to Murray. Murray sought to obtain the freehold but both this and a further bid in 1641 were unsuccessful.[6] The neighbouring Manor of Canbury (Kingston) was also granted to William in 1640, but, in 1641, he passed it to Thomas Bruce, Lord Elgin, a relative of his wife.[7] William and his wife, Catherine, extensively redecorated and refurbished the interior of the house, many features of which survive to this day including the great staircase.[5]
Prior to the outbreak of the English Civil War, Murray shrewdly transferred ownership of the house to his wife for the duration of her life and thereafter to his four daughters, to be held in trust. The principal trustee was Lord Elgin who, as an important Scottish Presbyterian and Parliamentarian supporter, thus afforded the estate and family a degree of political protection.[6]
During the Civil War, the house and estates were sequestrated, but persistent appeals by Catherine regained them in 1646 on payment of a £500 fine.[8][9] Thus Catherine skilfully defended ownership of the house throughout the Civil War and Commonwealth, and, despite Murray's close ties with the Royalist cause, the house remained in the family's possession. Shortly after the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649, Catherine died at Ham on 18 July 1649. The parliamentarians sold off much of the Royal Estate, including the Manors of Ham and Petersham. These, inclusive of Ham House, were bought for £1,131.18s on 13 May 1650 by William Adams, the steward acting on behalf of Murray's eldest daughter, Elizabeth and her husband Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet of Helmingham Hall, Suffolk. Ham House became Elizabeth and Lionel's primary residence, as Murray was predominately exiled in France.[6][10]
Elizabeth and Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet of Helmingham Hall[edit]
Elizabeth continued her parents' political support of the Royalist cause and she and her husband became members of the Sealed Knot. Between 1649 and 1661, Elizabeth bore eleven children, five of whom survived to adulthood; Lionel, Thomas, William, Elizabeth and Catherine. Elizabeth and Lionel made few substantial changes to the house during this busy time. On the Restoration in 1660, Charles II rewarded Elizabeth with a pension of £800 for life and, whilst many of the parliamentarian sales of Royal lands were put aside, Elizabeth retained the titles to the Manors of Ham and Petersham. In addition, in about 1665, following William's death, Lionel was granted freehold of 75 acres (30 ha; 0.117 sq mi) of land in Ham and Petersham including that surrounding the house and a 61-year lease of 289 acres (117 ha; 0.452 sq mi) of demesne lands. The grant was made in trust to Robert Murray for the daughters of the, then, late Earl of Dysart, "in consideration of the service done by the late Earl of Dysart and his Daughter, and of the losses sustained by them by the enclosure of the New Park."[6][11] Lionel died in 1668, leaving his Ham and Petersham estate to Elizabeth.
Elizabeth and John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale[edit]
Elizabeth became associated with John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale. In 1671 Lauderdale was granted by Letters patent full freehold rights to the Manors of Ham and Petersham and the 289 acres of leased land. In 1672 Elizabeth and Lauderdale were married, and, with Lauderdale's part in the CABAL, the family remained close to the heart of court intrigue.
South face of Ham House showing the in-filled "H" extension.
The couple made extensive changes to the house from 1673. Elizabeth consulted her cousin, William Bruce, and Maitland commissioned William Samwell, extending the house into the south part of the "H", making it "double pile", two rooms deep, across its breadth.[5]
The eldest daughter of Elizabeth and Lionel, also named Elizabeth (1659–1735), married Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll in Edinburgh in 1678. Their first child, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, was born at Ham House in 1680.[12] and their second son, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll was born in the same room a few years later.[6]
On Lauderdale's death in 1682 he left the Ham and Petersham property to Elizabeth, thereby securing the estate for the Tollemache dynasty.[6] However, Elizabeth also inherited her husband's debts including mortgages on his former properties in England and Scotland and her latter years were marred by financial dispute with her brother-in-law, Charles. Even the intervention of the newly crowned James II failed to reconcile them and the matter was finally settled in her favour in the Scottish courts in 1688. Whilst this may have suppressed Elizabeth's lavish lifestyle, she went on to make further alterations to the house at Ham, opening the Hall ceiling and creating the Round Gallery in about 1690.[6] Elizabeth Maitland continued to live at Ham House until her death in 1698.
wikipedia
WARNING - SOME PEOPLE MAY FIND THE FOLLOWING TEXT UPSETTING.
This is a real (although, happily, now disused) execution chamber. It is in the Crumlin Road prison in Northern Ireland. The whole prison is now superseded and instead is a tourist attraction. The procedures for an execution brought to condemned man to a holding cell for a few days, where he could do the best he could to prepare himself. He was told that the execution chamber was in another part of the prison and he expected to eventually walk to it. But in reality it was behind a dummy cupboard which, at the appointed time, was crashed to one side to reveal the sight you see here. He was then marched forward and dealt with. The practised team took less then half a minute to complete the task. 17 criminals died here.
I expected to see a central noose (the loop of rope above it was tied to pull apart as the man fell, part of the "long drop" technique that Britain developed, designed to kill "instantly" instead of strangle). The length of rope was dependent on the prisoner's weight; the lighter the man, the longer the rope. What I didn't expect were the two side nooses. These are straps to hold on to (much as you get of trains and trams). Two officers stood either side of the condemned man and stopped him hopping about or collapsing. When the trapdoor crashed open (and the release of the safety lock and trapdoor is terrifyingly sudden and noisy) they obviously didn't want the officers to also fall into the hole.
國立台灣文學館 - 推理文學在臺灣特展 / 眼前不一定是真相 - 關鍵的鑰匙開啓大門
National Museum of Taiwanese Literature - Reasoning literature in Taiwan special exhibition / The front is not necessarily the truth - The key to open the door
Museo Nacional de la literatura taiwanesa - Razonamiento de la literatura en Taiwan exposición especial / El frente no es necesariamente la verdad - La llave para abrir la puerta
国立の台湾の文学館 - 推理の文学は台湾特に展にあります / 目の前に真相ですとは限りません - 肝心な鍵は表門を開きます
Nationalmuseum der taiwanesischen Literatur - Begründung Literatur in Taiwan Sonderausstellung / Die Front ist nicht unbedingt die Wahrheit - der Schlüssel, um die Tür zu öffnen
Musée national de la littérature taiwanaise - Raisonnement de la littérature à Taiwan exposition spéciale / Le front n'est pas nécessairement la vérité - La clé pour ouvrir la porte
Tainan Taiwan / Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南
管樂小集 2017/03/25 台南孔子廟 Confucian temple Tainan performances 1080P
{ 北囯の春 / 榕樹下 The spring of the north }
{View large size on fluidr / 觀看大圖}
{My Blog / 管樂小集精彩演出-觸動你的心}
{My Blog / Great Music The splendid performance touches your heart}
{My Blog / 管楽小集すばらしい公演-はあなたの心を心を打ちます}
{Mi blog / La gran música el funcionamiento espléndido toca su corazón}
{Mein Blog / Große Musik die herrliche Leistung berührt Ihr Herz}
{Mon blog / La grande musique l'exécution splendide touche votre coeur}
Melody 曲:JAPAN / Words 詞:Sheesen / Singing : Sheesen
{ 夢旅人 1990 Dream Traveler 1990 }
家住安南鹽溪邊
The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river
隔壁就是聽雨軒
The next door listens to the rain porch
一旦落日照大員
The sunset Shineing to the Taiwan at once
左岸青龍飛九天
The left bank white dragon flying in the sky
I went back through my pictures from a photo shoot I did a while ago at a medieval castle in Beersel that’s only a stone’s throw away from home (don’t know why I waited 46 years to get pictures of that AMAZING place)…
There’s a torture chamber that’s not easy to find in the myriad of stairways and turret rooms that looked like it would suit, so I asked my skeleton buddy (bought him at Costco in Montreal for $40 and took him back to Belgium on the plane !!) what he thought of the idea and he just dropped his jaw and said “far-fukkin’-OUT!!”
So we did some shots outside on the patio and in the bedroom in different positions so I’d have options for positioning him in the montage. He was pretty cooperative but got a bit pissy when I told him he wouldn’t get paid. I just told him there was no budget and that seemed to shut him up…
At first I didn’t have a clear idea of what the finished image would be, though the scenario started to evolved as I tried different set ups. Fact is, when I visited that eerie chamber, it was hard not to imagine and actually feel the anguish of torture and executions that happened there in ages past. So I went with that and added some extra elements (like the sword and bondage rings on the walls) to reinforce the story line.
But there was something missing… maybe bats flying round overhead? Of course they needed to be skeletal too, so I searched Google for royalty free bat skeleton images and was totally blown away to find so many to choose from !!
It took absolute ages to isolate all the bones (and that goes for the big guy as well) from the background images and to position everything and balance the lighting of all the elements. But in the end, and in my own distorted and characteristically bent way, I felt it was worth it.
I don’t know how many it’s ultimately gonna appeal to, but it’s my heart felt tribute to my favorite event of the year… Halloween :-)
Exécution sans jugement sous les rois Maures de Grenade (Execution without judgement under the Moorish Kings of Grenada)
1870
By Henri Regnault (1843 - 1871)
Oil on canvas, H. 3.02 ; L. 1.46 m
musée d'Orsay, Paris, France
Regnault’s grand canvas still unsettles many visitors to the Musée d’Orsay. Whereas other nearby paintings in the museum have long since lost their avant-garde capacity to disturb viewers’ expectations, Regnault’s canvas has retained its shock value. One major reason for this response is not so much the bloody scene in the foreground as the viewer’s position vis-à-vis this macabre subject. As Linda Nochlin has pointed out, when the canvas is hung at the correct height, the decapitated corpse rests at the viewer’s own eye level.