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The leaders of the 1916 uprising were executed here, including one who was too sick to stand and was tied to a chair and shot. This brutality had the effect of turning the previously-indifferent populace against the British.
I went a little overboard on carving away the teeth but, considering that I've never used this technique, I'm fairly pleased with the result.
Each year, on the last Sunday of January the Kings Army hold a parade to commemorate the execution of Charles I. The march is along the Mall in London and the parade is on Horseguards Parade. These photos show the participants in 2012.
I arrived here at the end of the "Old" Shinagawa Tokaido that lead me back to Rte 15. The Suzugamori Execution Grounds.
This place was originally right on Tokyo Bay when it became a place of death in Keian 4 (1651). Due to land reclamation (also known as paving the Earth) it's now safely quite a distance from the Bay.
This location was used in combination with Kozukappara and Itabashi Execution Grounds by the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo Period. It continued until Meiji 4 (1871).
So, back to being on Tokyo Bay. It was very important that this place be located near the water, because the preferred method of death was by drowning. Yes. Drowning. Those brought here were suspended head down so they might wait patiently for High Tide and not die too quickly. Estimates for the number of people killed here rise into the tens of thousands. Somber little place. I know that many were probably guilty, but I'm also sure that there were some innocent ones that suffered the same fate as the guilty over 220 years of slow death. Some historians here in Japan have estimated that no less than 40% of those that lost their lives here were found guilty of FALSE charges.
Suzugamori was quite famous in its time. Ando Hiroshige created a woodblock print of it. Many Kabuki plays were written about it and one of them, called Gozonji Suzugamori is STILL being performed!
Although also just a remnant, a Temple once stood nearby called Daikyo-ji, which was built to calm the souls of the executed (read: keep the angry souls of the innocent from coming back to wreak havoc on the bastards that sent them here).
It is listed as Number 55 of the "One Hundred Scenic Spots in Shinagawa."
My friend Cristen put a caption on this photo I took at my high school's Holiday Fair...thingy, from 2001. It's when elementary school kids come and we give them SUPER FUN TIMES!!! Or attempt to.
Since when did tweeting about an execution become socially acceptable. Yes, the now deceased was a horrid murder, but when is it okay to publicize the act in such a manner. But by the way, thanks for the update?
The Town of Bedlam: Scene 68
[Yanlin] Thank you for coming. The Queen is holding court. Wait in the back and she'll be with you shortly.
[Chunshan] Yesterday we spoke with your accuser. He told this court that you ran out of his store carrying a 50 pound bag of rice without paying for it. He brought two witnesses who both claimed they saw you do it. He showed us video footage of your crime. How do you plead?
[Hung] I beg the Queen for mercy.
[Queen Ming] Mercy you ask for? Have I not already done so twice before? The first time I gave you a warning by taking one of your hands. Last time I took your other hand for stealing also. I have shown you mercy but you continuously throw it right back at me. My goodness has it's limits, and we must set an example for everyone to follow.
[Fang] *slice* I love how this sword slices through flesh like butter.
[Heng] My Queen, Tex has arrived.
[Tex] That feller was as yellow as mustard but without the bite.
[Queen Ming] Just the person I wanted to see. Are you hungry? Let's go next door and enjoy our Chinese New Year's feast. I prefer to talk business while eating.
Registan (a sandy place): this public square was the centre of Samarkand and the site of a large market. It came to be used as the place where royal proclamations were made, public executions held, and trade & commerce conducted. In the 15th and 17th centuries, madrasas were built on three sides of the square. This design, madrasas facing each other across a square or street, is called a kosh, a "double, pair", as the building of madrasas are opposite each other on the sides of the street or square.
Janid dynasty (Astrakhanids or Toqay Timurids) 1599-1745, were the last Genghisid descendants to rule Bukhara.
Patron: Yalangtush Bakhodur (also known as Zhalantos Bahadur or Yalangtush Bi Alchin) 1576-1656, from the Uzbek tribe Alchin, was the military governor of Samarkand who ruled at the behest of the Bukhara-based Janid dynasty.
Architect: Usto Abdu Jabour.
The Rieme-Oostakker Place of Execution is the place in the Ghent district of Oostakker where 66 resistance fighters were executed by the Naxi occupation force between February 8, 1943 and August 24, 1944.
This memory is also kept alive the 20 resistance fighters who were killed on the execution site at Rieme . That site was destroyed in 1998 during the construction of the Kluizendok of Ghent Port.
The executions were carried out in secret and the victims were buried anonymously. Some of the resistance fighters killed in Rieme was found in a mass grave in Hechtel.
Moreover, there were German soldiers and Belgian criminals also shot. Because of these circumstances, it is still unclear how many people were killed. After the Liberation the mass grave was uncovered in Oostakker. The victims were identified and buried in their hometowns.
The crosses on the ground thus have a symbolic meaning. Nevertheless, the execution place is a cemetery since in 1952 the remains of 15 decapitated West Flemish political prisoners were moved here from their graves in Munich.
On the grounds is a railway carriage which carried hundreds of Belgians to concentration camps in Germany and Poland. In 1966 the execution place gained the status of a protected landscape.
Anyone seen this alert before? My guess is that it's the result of some new monthly Windows update...
"Execution of Justice" by Emily Mann (U of M Alumna 1976), directed by Dominic Taylor. Performed April 16 - 24, 2010 in Rarig Center's Proscenium Theatre.
Photos by Cody Baldwin
Registan (a sandy place): this public square was the centre of Samarkand and the site of a large market. It came to be used as the place where royal proclamations were made, public executions held, and trade & commerce conducted. In the 15th and 17th centuries, madrasas were built on three sides of the square. This design, madrasas facing each other across a square or street, is called a kosh, a "double, pair", as the building of madrasas are opposite each other on the sides of the street or square.
The dahma was originally located in the Shaybanid Mausoleum in Samarkand which was destroyed by the occupying Russian army in the 1870s. It has been moved several times and was re-erected here in the 20th century. Nine khans of the dynasty and their families, were buried there, including: the founder of the dynasty, Sheibani Khan (d.1510), Mahmud (d.1503/1504), Mahdiya and Khamsa (d.1511), Kutlug Muhammad (d.1545), Abdulhayr (d. in 1517), Edgar (d.1523) and Suyung Muhammad (d.1586).
The Shibanids (Shaybanids or more accurately the Abu'l-Khayrid-Shibanids) were a dynasty, of Turko-Mongol origin in Central Asia who ruled (r.c.1428-c.1599) over most of modern-day Kazakhstan, much of Uzbekistan, and parts of southern Russia (including Siberia) in the 15th century. They were the patrilineal descendants of Shiban, the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan (Temüjin, Chinggis Khan) c.1162-1227, the founder and first khagan of the Mongol Empire. They reigned in Samarkand in the 16th century.
The Execution of Admiral Byng, 14 March 1757.
"A painting showing the execution of Admiral the Hon. John Byng by firing squad, on the quarterdeck of his former flagship, 'Monarch', at Portsmouth, after he was found guilty by court-martial of failing to do his utmost in preventing the French capture of Minorca in 1756, at the start of the Seven Years War.
Byng had been ordered to sail from England to Gibraltar with ten ships to land reinforcements for the garrison there. He was then to pursue the French fleet, which he learnt had sailed from Toulon under the command of the Duc de Richelieu and had captured Minorca, an important British-held island at the time. The French had taken the whole island with the exception of the fortress and castle of St. Philip where the British commandant, General Blakeney, and a small force were besieged. When Byng informed the Lords of the Admiralty of this he also criticized the wretched condition of the ships under his command, the neglected state of the magazines and storehouses at Gibraltar, and the general lack of facilities to refit the fleet for serious action.
Byng's subsequent engagement with Richelieu was inconclusive, as many such events of the time were for various unexceptional reasons. However, he compounded initial failure by accepting the subsequent opinion of a council of war of his commanders, that nothing further could be attempted given the state of the fleet. This left the French to secure the surrender of Blakeney's force and their hold on the island. The result was Byng's arrest and imprisonment at Greenwich Hospital prior to a month-long trial at Portsmouth in which, in effect, he was made a scapegoat for government failure to send out a force adequate to the task, and under a more experienced fighting commander. Contemporary accounts reveal that he bore the trial and sentence with great fortitude. It took place on board the 'St George' under the presidency of Commodore Thomas Smith (1707-62) who on 27 January 1757, and as required by the Articles of War, pronounced sentence on him after he was he was found guilty of neglect of duty for not doing his utmost to take, sink, burn and destroy the enemy ships. The court none the less made a strong recommendation for clemency on the grounds of Byng's personal courage in the action but George II refused to grant it. On Monday, 14 March 1757, all the men-of-war at Spithead were ordered to send their boats with the captains and all the officers of each ship, accompanied with a party of marines under arms, to attend Byng's execution on the 'Monarch'. As a result there was a prodigious number of other boats round the ship, although the painting gives no indication of this.
The scene is viewed from the break of the quarterdeck, aft to the coach and mizzen mast, but with no sign of the wheel. To the left of the mast the firing party of nine marines is drawn up in three lines. The first is shown on one knee and firing, the second is standing and firing, and the third has muskets grounded. A halberdier stands behind them. Their officer is in the left foreground, his hat under his left arm, with his back to the viewer. To his left is a group of senior officers and officials. In the background, behind the firing party, is a row of what appear to be junior officers.
To the right of the mast Admiral Byng is shown in full-dress uniform, blindfolded and kneeling on a cushion, facing the firing party. He had wanted to have his face uncovered but his friends felt eye contact might intimidate the marines and prevent them from taking aim properly. He allegedly threw his hat on the deck, knelt on a cushion, tied one white handkerchief over his eyes and dropped the other as a signal for his executioners, who fired a volley. In the painting he has just dropped the handkerchief from his right hand as the signal to fire. In the right foreground a man facing away from the viewer holds a scroll that is probably the execution order. On the right two of the admiral's supporters are shown in tears. One is thought to be George Lawrence, Byng's secretary, to whom he had just given his watch.
A contemporary engraving by Bowles shows a similar scene, although Byng is not in uniform. The origin of the painting is unclear and although it is traditionally thought to be the original from which the engraving was taken, it is in fact more likely that the painting was made from the engraving, since contemporary accounts state that Byng wore a light grey coat at his execution. The episode provoked the French writer Voltaire's famous remark, in his novel 'Candide', that in England 'it is thought good to kill an admiral from time to time to encourage the others'. Scarcely less memorable, if less known, is the bald line in the Master of the 'Monarch's' log recording the execution: 'at 12 Mr Byng was shot dead by 6 Marines and put into his coffin'. To that extent at least the painting seems accurately to reflect the facts. An unnamed seaman, who attended Byng at his execution and testified (as did others) to the bravery with which he met his fate, was still alive as a Greenwich Pensioner as late as 1835."
collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/11872.html
"14th March 1757 Admiral Sir John Byng is executed following a court Martial that found him guilty of "Failing to do his upmost"
Byng had been sent to relieve the Island of Minorca in April 1756 which was under attack by the French. He noted to the Admiralty that he had been given neither the time nor money to prepare properly and that his fleet was not in the best of condition and short handed.
He managed to get his ships fully crewed before leaving for Gibraltar. Here the governor refused to reinforce Byngs squadron and he was also forced to land his Marines to take on board the soldiers required to relieve the garrison on Minorca.
He arrived off Minorca on the 19th May and attempted to contact the Garrison. On the 20th he fought and inconclusive action with the French and 4 days later decided after a council of war to return to Gibraltar concluding that the Island was already lost to the French. Whilst at Gibraltar he was summoned back to England where he was placed in custody awaiting Court Martial.
The Garrison on Minorca held out until the 29th June.
The Court Martial commenced on 28th December and concluded 4 weeks later on the 27th January. Whilst cleared of Cowardice Byng was found guilty of failing to do his upmost to relieve the Island of Minorca.
He was convicted under the articles of War (A set of regulations drawn up to govern the conduct of a Britain's military in the wake of the Glorious Revolution) which had been altered 10 years before following the execution of Lieutenant Baker Philips.
Philips had been found guilt following the loss of his ship HMS Anglesea. Though it was clear the the Capt and other senior officers were more culpable they had all been killed at the outset of the battle leaving Philips in Command. The Court Martial whilst finding him guilty asked for clemency due to his age and inexperience. This was not given but the fall out was to effect Byng 10 years later.
It was believed that had Philips been a Capt or more senior officer he would not have been executed. Therefore the Articles of War were amended to become one law for all, the death penalty for any officer of any rank who did not do his utmost against the enemy in battle or pursuit.
Thus on the 27th Jan 1757 once the court determined that Byng had "failed to do his utmost", it had no discretion over punishment under the Articles of War. In accordance with those Articles the court condemned Byng to death, but unanimously recommended that the Lords of the Admiralty ask King George II to exercise his royal prerogative of mercy. This the king refused and also when the 1st Sea Lord approached him he turned down the request for clemency again.
There were several other attempts but these were all turned down so that on the 14th May 1757 aboard HMS Monarch Byng was executed by firing squad on the quarterdeck in the presence of all hands and men from other ships of the fleet in boats surrounding HMS Monarch. The admiral knelt on a cushion and signified his readiness by dropping his handkerchief, whereupon a squad of Royal Marines shot him dead.
The fall out from Byngs execution, with many in Parliament believing the Admiralty where, just as much at fault for the loss at Minorca, due to the poor manning and repair of the fleet, would rumble, on but Byng would remain the only Admiral to be executed.
22 years later the Articles of War were changed again with an alternative to execution being, to allow "such other punishment as the nature and degree of the offence shall be found to deserve"
In 2007, some of Byng's descendants petitioned the government for a posthumous pardon. The Ministry of Defence refused.
Members of his family to this day continue to seek a pardon.
Byng's execution has been called "the worst legalistic crime in the nation's annals". However some believe that it indirectly lead to future Naval Officers being far more tenacious and aggressive and giving the Royal Navy that edge which lead to 200 years of Naval Dominance.
Naval historian N. A. M. Rodger sums up the influence it had on the behaviour of later naval officers stating
"a culture of aggressive determination which set British officers apart from their foreign contemporaries, and which in time gave them a steadily mounting psychological ascendancy. More and more in the course of the century, and for long afterwards, British officers encountered opponents who expected to be attacked, and more than half expected to be beaten, so that the latter went into action with an invisible disadvantage which no amount of personal courage or numerical strength could entirely make up for." Jeff Hancock