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Financial savings, reduced CO2 emissions, job creation and new technologies are just some of the many benefits of energy efficiency! Design by: UNDP Office in Skopje & Apollo Images
View a bigger version of this infographic on Visual.ly.
Yiazan Tarantula X6, Syma X8C, JJRC H12C, Wltoys V686G, Syma X5 Series (Syma X5, Syma X5C, Syma X5C-1, Syma X5SC, Syma X5SC-1, Syma X5SW)
YIZHAN TARANTULA X6, TARANTUAL X6: The Yizhan Tarantula X6 uses high-intensity LED lights at night. The Pilot can always have a clear direction to point the most groundbreaking compass flight mode, without fear disoriented even when the Drone does not recognize the direction. The Tarantula X6 have the built-in Hyper IOC Function for Outstanding Orientation Mode. The Drone can start and fly in any orientation. If the quadcopter flies far away, there is no need to worry about losing the correct orientation or direction. The Tarantula X6 can carry two different HD camera models: HD 2 million pixels or Wide Angle HD 5 million pixels camera (optional, not included). The Tarantula X6 is equipped with a shock absorber set that can protect the camera in a better way. The flight distance operation is about 100 meters. The Tarantula X6 uses a 7.4 volts, 1200 mah Li-Po battery with the double of electricity core, 30C super power discharge, offering to the Pilot a longer and powerful flight. The X6 Quadcopter can flip perfectly at the height of 1meter from the ground . This flip can prove the drone’s strong power and steady performance. With strong and unique design the Tarantula X6 has been tested at severe conditions with exceptional ability to prove its stability and durability of this cutting edge design. The Tarantula X6 is a 6-Axis gyro quad very agile that can easily implement various flight movements. It can flies under stronger wind resistance remaining easy to control because it is built with outstanding power efficiency. The Tarantula X6 is an unique drone which adopts professional propeller with EVA shock mounts to offer the better protection. The 2.4G technology adopted for Tarantula X6 is developed for being a better anti-interference technology. Mitigate the common noise created when other quadcopters are flying at the same time. Function: up/down, left/right sideward fight, forward/backward, turn left/right, with gyro/flash lights, a 360-degree 3D and special functions as continuous rolling. The Yizhan Tarantula X6 Transmitter has an LCD monitor that shows: throttle, LED light on/off, battery energy level and a control signal conditions/indicator. Yizhan Tarantula X6 on Quads For Fun, QuadsForFun, quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun. SPECIFICATION Tarantula X6: Brand Name: YiZhan Tarantula X6, Certificates: ROHS RTTE, Material: ABS / polycarbonate alloy 7P RTTE EN71, Weight (Drone): 310 grams, Quadcopter Size: 47.5 cm x 25.3 cm (included cover), Charger: Universal USB Charger, Charging time: About 60 minutes, Flight Time: About 8 minutes, Frequency: 2.4G, 4 channels, control distance about 100 meters, Battery: 7.4V 1200mAh Li-Po 30C Protection: Overcharge protection, memory function, calibration function, Camera: 2 mega-pixel, 60 fps, 720p or Wide-angle, 5 mega-pixel, 30 fps, 1080p. QuadsForFun, Quads For Fun, quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun . Yizhan Tarantula X6, QuadsForFun Review, ORIENTATION MODE: Connect the battery to the Tarantula X6. Place the quadcopter on a flat surface and turn ON the Transmitter. LED on the Drone will blink rapidly. When the light remains constant, the process is ready. HYPER IOC FUNCTION provides outstanding orientation. The Tarantula X6 can fly in any orientation. If the quadcopter flies far away, there is no need to worry about losing the correct orientation. TRIM ADJUSTMENTS: it helps the fine tune the quadcopter flight. Place it on a flat surface and bind it. Switch to 100% speed. Push both, Throttle Stick and Direction Sitck to left-down (as shown in the Picture) for 6 seconds. LED will finishes blinking to complete the adjustment. Yizhan Tarantula X6 Transmitter. Agile and Stable Stunts, The Yizhan Tarantula X6 can flip perfectly at the height of 1 meter (100 cm) from the ground. This kind of flip can test and prove the strong power and steady performance of the drone. Yizhan Tarantula X6 Transmitter. QuadsForFun, Quads For Fun, quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun . Pictures Available: Propulsion Set (Yizhan Tarantula X6) / Propulsion Mount (Tarantula X6): Blade (Propeller), Motor CW/CCW, Connector (Motor), Motor Cover (Fix), Mount Support, Blade Protection Cover, Propulsion Gear, Arm (Upper + Down Cover), LED Light (Red & Blue), QuadsForFun, Quads For Fun, quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun, Yizhan Tarantula X6.
SYMA X8C - SPECIFICATION: Syma X8C Venture, Budget Phantom Clone, Drone - X5C Upgraded, Brand Name: Syma, Item Name: X8C VENTURE, RC Quadcopter with 2MP/5MP Wide Angle Camera, Color: Orange, White, Black, Frequency: 2.4 GHz, Channel: 4 Channels, Control Distance: 100 meters, /Playing Time: 7 minutes, Charging time: About 120 minutes, Battery: 7.4V, 2000 mAh Li-po, Battery for Transmitter: 4 x AA battery. Product Size: 48.5 cm x 48.5 cm x 19 cm, Battery Size: 9.0 cm x 3.0 cm x 1.5cm, Box Size (RTV): 35.0 cm x 35.0 cm x 17.0 cm, Package Weight: 1,856 grams. FEATURES: The Syma X8C Venture camera can take video and pictures., Syma X8C have headless mode function feature. The 6-axis system allows the X8C to be hand launched,The Syma X8C is a 6-Axis gyro quad-rotorcraft, with strong stability. It can easily implement various flight movements and fly over stronger wind, The special 2.4 GHz technology adopted for Syma X8C mitigate the interference, even more when other quadcopters are flying at the same time. The quadcopter can fly both indoor and outdoor, It’s included a 4CH digital proportional RC system for Syma X8C. Functions: Video, Photograph, Raise & Down, Forwards & Backwards, Left & Right Turning, Left & Right Flying, Hovering, 360 Degree Rotating.
JJRC H12C shows great to entry-level pilots. Compared to others JJRC drones, the H12C has a much better build quality and a professional look transmitter.
The design of the H12C is very attractive and elegant. It’s available in 3 different colors: black, orange and white. In terms of size, it is somewhere between the mini and mid sized drones.
The propellers are of great tenacity, with protection cover, they’re pretty safe in any condition. JJRC H12C is a ready to fly (RTF) drone, only the landing skids and propeller guards have to be assembled and secured with screws to the body of the aircraft. It has a 5MP, 1080p camera. The angle of the lens is manually adjusted before starts the flight. See at quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun. The H12C remote controller looks professional and fits very good in the hand. The control sticks are easily interchangeable between mode 1 and mode 2. By using a dial button, the flight speed can be adjusted gradually, not just between some predefined values. H12C can be easily used for indoor flights. It is stable and it can hover easily. Setting the speed close to 20% or 30%, it’s possible to avoid hitting something accidentally. That’s why the JJRC H12C can be a very good practicing drone. Utilizing flight control system with 6 axis-gyro, the quadcopter can automatically correct its bearing when flying into wrong direction by accident. In addition, JJRC H12C supports headless mode. Usually the flying direction is consistent with the nose. Under headless mode, the flying direction is independent from nose pointing. It helps the flight to be conducive to special perspectives of photography. The control range is about 300 meters. Pilots can trigger the quadcopter back if it lost in human vision via a button press. With one key automatic course reverse, return position may not be very accurate but it has just few meters of variance from the take off position. It’s not a GPS oriented return but generally, the quadcopter won’t get lost with the LED display monitoring flight data. Powered with a 750mAh 3.7 Li-Po battery, the JJRC H12C has an 8 minutes flight time. But it varies according indoor or outdoor conditions. The battery can be also charged without removing it from the drone. JJRC H12C has different LED colors for front and back and additional LED light in the front of the Drone. Very easy to night flights. Pictures available: JJRC H12C Motor, JJRC H12C Main Gear, JJRC H12C Battery Compartment. See at quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun. JJRC H12C Digital Transmission: 2.4 GHz Normal: Easier to be interfered by other frequencies. 2,4 GHz (Digital Transmission), 2.4 GHz Digital: More accurate operation, More sensive response, and further RC distance. Turn to Mode 1 or Mode 2 easily: Press the stick mounting clip towards the center and remove the two sticks (as pictures above). Switch position of the sticks and attach them back to the transmitter bed. Pictures Available: JJRC H12C Blades (Propellers), JJRC H12C 5 Mega-pixel Camera, JJRC H12C Camera Power Connected, JJRC H12C Propeller Protection. JJRC H12C Quadcopter: One-key Return easily when the quadcopter exceeds the remote distance, it starts a Key-return Function (automatic course reverse) and the JJRC X8C will automatically return to take off position. As the return is not guided by a GPS, the landing position may vary few meters. Pictures available: JJRC H12C PROPELLER WITH PROTECTIVE COVER, PROPULSION SYSTEM, JJRC X8C BATTERY, SAFE LANDING GEAR. DESCRIPTION: Brand Name: JJRC, Item Name: H12C, Color: Orange, White, Black, Frequency:2.4G digital transmission, Channel: 4 Channels, Gyro: 6-Axis Gyroscope, Control Distance: About 300 meters, Playing Time: About 6-8 minunes, Charging Time: About 80 minutes, Battery for Quadcopter: 3.7V 700 mAh, Battery for Transmitter: 4 x 1.5V AA Battery, Dimension: 31.0 cm x 31.0 cm x 8.5 cm, See at quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun.
WLTOYS V686G FPV: The Wltoys V686G, 5.8G FPV Quadcopter is the perfect aircraft for beginners and those people interested in FPV quadcopters and drones. The V686G is designed with simplicity, it is light weight and its flight characteristics benefit from this convenient design structure. See at quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun. The V686G transmitter is a 2.4 Ghz radio system with reduced and mitigated signal interference.
A camera will come included with the Drone inside the package and it can be installed in seconds. Its design will allow the Pilot to fly faster and be more agile in the air. It can be flown indoors or outdoors.
The V686G is a real time Transmission FPV Quadcopter, with high precision 6-axis gyro stabilization system. The V686G Drone has selectable flight modes and auto flip function. The FPV 2 Mega-pixel camera has an integrated micro SD card slot. The LED navigation lights of the Quadcopter can be turned on/off remotely. Pictures available: WLTOYS V686G DIMENSIONS, PROPELLER SYSTEM, POWEFUL PROPULSION, FLEXIBLE PROPELLERS
SPECIFICATION (Wltoys V686G): Brand/Type: Wltoys V686G, RC Quadcopter, built-in 6-Axis Gyro, LED lights, Material: Plastic, Electronic components, Weight: Drone + Battery = 120 grams. Drone + Battery + Propeller Guards = 126 grams. Flying Time (without Video Downlink Function): about 8 minutes. Flying Time (video downlink operating): 5 minutes maximum. Motors: Coreless motors easily replaceable or upgradable. FPV (Fist Person View): 2 Mega-pixel HD Camera, 720p - 30fps, Micro SD card reader. Built in 5.8g video transmitter including 4.3” LCD monitor with built in 5.8g video receiver, The Wltoys V686G LCD Monitor works with one rechargeable Li-po battery.
Remote control distance: about 150 meters, Recharging time: 60 to 90 minutes. See at quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun, Battery for Quadcopter: 3.7 volts, 780 mAh, Battery for Transmitter: 6 x AA Battery.
2.4GHz Wireless Remote Control, 4-Channel, Pictures Available: 5.8 GHz FPV REAL TIME IMAGE TRANSMISSION.
SYMA X5 SERIES includes Syma X5, Syma X5C, Syma X5C-1, Syma X5SC, Syma X5SC-1, Syma X5SW. The entry X5 has no camera. The models that were launched following the X5, all of them have camera. The X5SW has a FPV camera for real-time transmission. GENERAL FEATURES: Each arm has a plastic mesh that protects the blades. Motors and Main Gears are cover protected. The landing pads on the bottom makes landing a lot safer. There are landing gears higher and lower depending on model. The 6-Axis Gyro system can correct itself in mid flight for stability. The transmitter is the standard type used in most Syma models (interchangeably). Some challenges of this series are: the battery specifications are rather low in proportion to dimensions of the models and charging time is over an hour and a half, which is much longer than average drones. See at QuadsForFun website: quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun. From X5C model ahead, the drone includes a Micro SD card. The resolution of the pictures is set at 1280 x 720. The video capability is 30 frames per second. From Syma X5SC ahead, it’s available an intelligent transmitter which supports telemetry function and WI-FI images transmission (SW). The Pilot can real-time monitor the flight data like battery voltage, temperature, altitude and other. The Pilots are also allowed to view the first person view photography if installing a mobile phone on the RC Transmitter. The WI-FI control range is about 50 meters. The radio range vary from 50 to 100 meters. The headless mode, the ability to fly regardless of the Drone nose was added from model X5SC ahead. The X5S/X5SC has a higher Landing Gear when compared to Syma X5C/X5C-1. From X5S/X5SC ahead is available in two colors, black and whit. Both have a glossy finish with better build quality than previous models. The X5SW has shiny shell and high quality finishing with reinforced landing gear. It supports cellphone control via WI-FI connectivity (Android / IOS). GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS: Brand: Syma, Series: X5 (different models), Camera: 2.0 Mega-pixel Camera(Recording or FPV, according models), 6-Axis Gyro Stabilization System, Based on 2.4 GHz Frequency Industry Standard and 4 Channels, Product Dimensions: 31.0 cm x 31.0 cm x 8.0 cm or 10.5 cm), Weight: about 400 grams (vary) on plastic material, Flight Distance: 50 to 100 meters, Functions: 360-Degree 3D Rolling, Transmitter Batteries: 4 AA Batteries, Battery Specs: 3.7 Volts ranging from 500 to 750 mhA (according models), Flight Time: from 5 to 8 minutes, Charging Time: up to 1.5 hours. Pictures available: Syma X5 Motor, Syma X5 Receiver-board, Landing Gear Types, Syma X5 Blades (Propellers), Syma X5 Lampshades, Micro SD Recording Camera, 2 MP Recording Camera, SD Card, 2 MP Recording. Pictures Available: Camera Plugged (on/off), Video Downlink, 2 MP FPV Camera, Syma X5 Series Standart Transmitter, Mobile Phone, Mobile Phone Holder, 1) Main Gear without protection, easily damaged, 2) Syma X5 Series protective cover for main gear, 3) Protective cover for motors on Syma X5 Series. See at QuadsForFun official website: quadsforfun.wix.com/quadsforfun.
The High-Efficiency Horticulture and Integrated Supply Chain Project will support the development of 30 hectares of climate-controlled greenhouses equipped with drip irrigation systems in Yerevan to produce tomatoes and bell peppers.
Read more on:
High-Efficiency Horticulture and Integrated Supply Chain Project
Dave Clanton's CPO crate engine resto-mod proposal: the performance and efficiency of modern crate motors and transmissions coupled with the significantly lighter weight of cars from the 1970s and 80s could yield >30-60 MPG with an exhilarating driving experience. Subcompacts to full size cars have increased by 900-1,500 lbs because of government mandated changes and consumer demand for larger vehicles when gas prices were low. An automaker could capitalize on this revolutionary opportunity three-fold. First, increase sales of new cars by offering substantial trade-in values comparable to those offered in the Cash for Clunkers US Govt program of about $4,000 per qualifying makes/models targeting cars with solid bodies and frames regardless of engine condition. Secondly, recondition the trade-ins with new crate motors and transmissions while also restoring the rest of the car to a Certified Pre-Owned (CPO) condition and sell them with full power train warranties and long term financing. Thirdly, this restoration and crate engine installation would gainfully employ service departments at dealers across the nation. Modern four cylinder and V8 engine swap designs already exist for dozens of domestic and import makes/models. The appeal of retro styling amongst buyers of all ages is evident by new car sales of Mini, Beetle, Mustang, Camaro, Challenger, Charger, Fiat 500, etc. Lastly, in regards to the all important environmental impact it would reduce CO2 emissions by replacing gross polluter power trains with modern modern EPA compliant power trains.
- Example of optimum efficiency would be a 1978-80 Ford Fiesta which weighs 1,576 lbs with a crate motor 2.0L direct injection 4-cyl from a 2011 Ford Focus which weighs 2,500 lbs. The heavier 2011 has an EPA rating of 28 MPG city/40 MPG hwy. The nearly 1,000 lb lighter 78-80 Fiesta could likely achieve 50-60 MPG with a modern drive train while also appealing to buyers with much greater acceleration.
- Example of efficient performance would be a 1974-78 Ford Mustang II which weighs 2,600 lbs with a crate motor 412 HP aluminum 302 Coyote V8 or a 305 HP 3.7L Duratec V6 from a 2011 Ford Mustang which weighs 5,500 lbs. The heavier 2011 Mustang V6 has an EPA rating of 19 MPG city/31 MPG hwy. The nearly 900 lb lighter 74-78 Mustang II could likely achieve 30-40 MPG with a modern drive train while also appealing to buyers with much greater acceleration.
- Dozens of qualifying makes/models include: 61-00 Mini and Clubman, 78-80 Ford Fiesta, 73-79 Civic, 74-78 Mustang II, 79-93 Fox-body Mustang/Capri, 71-80 Pinto, 70-77 Maverick, hot rods e.g. 32 Ford, kit cars e.g. Cobra, GT40, and Sebring, vintage pickup truck e.g. 75 Ford F150, 59-68 Sunbeam Alpine and 64-67 Sunbeam Tiger, 78-88 Zimmer, 90-97 Mazda Miata, 62-80 MG MGB, 74-00 Volvos e.g. 200, 700, 850, and S70/V70 series, 84-96 Mercedes W124, 70-81 F-body Camaro/Firebird, 82-92 F-body Camaro/Firebird, 74-82 C3 Corvette Stingray, 82-88 G-platform Regal, Cutlass, Grand Prix, Monte Carlo, 09-10 Kappa-platform Pontiac Solstice/Saturn Sky, 94-04 Aston Martin DB7, Porsche 911 and 914, 68-94 Jaguar XJ and other vintage Jags e.g. Mark IX, 82-94 BMW E30, 59-69 Chevrolet Corvair, 71-77 Chevy Vega, 70-78 Datsun 240Z, 260Z, and 280Z, 79-91 Mazda RX7, 75-81 Triumph TR7 and TR8, 75-80 AMC Pacer, 70-78 AMG Gremlin.
As part of the Coast Guard’s Utility Energy Saving Contract, a high efficiency natural gas plant will be replacing the current boiler plant on the Coast Guard Academy grounds.
Funded through energy cost savings, the project is the largest Utility Energy Savings Contract ever awarded by the U.S. Coast Guard and the Department of Homeland Security.
U.S. Coast Guard photos by David Santos
It's amazing how the Bobcat will park in front of a potential prey and doze while somehow remaining alert to the target. This particular stakeout/nap resulted in an unsuccessful pounce, for me, and the cat. The "pounce" was more of a belly on the ground lunge, resulting in photos of the top half of the cat, since I was anticipating an airborne pounce.
Dave Clanton's CPO crate engine resto-mod proposal: the performance and efficiency of modern crate motors and transmissions coupled with the significantly lighter weight of cars from the 1970s and 80s could yield >30-60 MPG with an exhilarating driving experience. Subcompacts to full size cars have increased by 900-1,500 lbs because of government mandated changes and consumer demand for larger vehicles when gas prices were low. An automaker could capitalize on this revolutionary opportunity three-fold. First, increase sales of new cars by offering substantial trade-in values comparable to those offered in the Cash for Clunkers US Govt program of about $4,000 per qualifying makes/models targeting cars with solid bodies and frames regardless of engine condition. Secondly, recondition the trade-ins with new crate motors and transmissions while also restoring the rest of the car to a Certified Pre-Owned (CPO) condition and sell them with full power train warranties and long term financing. Thirdly, this restoration and crate engine installation would gainfully employ service departments at dealers across the nation. Modern four cylinder and V8 engine swap designs already exist for dozens of domestic and import makes/models. The appeal of retro styling amongst buyers of all ages is evident by new car sales of Mini, Beetle, Mustang, Camaro, Challenger, Charger, Fiat 500, etc. Lastly, in regards to the all important environmental impact it would reduce CO2 emissions by replacing gross polluter power trains with modern modern EPA compliant power trains.
- Example of optimum efficiency would be a 1978-80 Ford Fiesta which weighs 1,576 lbs with a crate motor 2.0L direct injection 4-cyl from a 2011 Ford Focus which weighs 2,500 lbs. The heavier 2011 has an EPA rating of 28 MPG city/40 MPG hwy. The nearly 1,000 lb lighter 78-80 Fiesta could likely achieve 50-60 MPG with a modern drive train while also appealing to buyers with much greater acceleration.
- Example of efficient performance would be a 1974-78 Ford Mustang II which weighs 2,600 lbs with a crate motor 412 HP aluminum 302 Coyote V8 or a 305 HP 3.7L Duratec V6 from a 2011 Ford Mustang which weighs 5,500 lbs. The heavier 2011 Mustang V6 has an EPA rating of 19 MPG city/31 MPG hwy. The nearly 900 lb lighter 74-78 Mustang II could likely achieve 30-40 MPG with a modern drive train while also appealing to buyers with much greater acceleration.
- Dozens of qualifying makes/models include: 61-00 Mini and Clubman, 78-80 Ford Fiesta, 73-79 Civic, 74-78 Mustang II, 79-93 Fox-body Mustang/Capri, 71-80 Pinto, 70-77 Maverick, hot rods e.g. 32 Ford, kit cars e.g. Cobra, GT40, and Sebring, vintage pickup truck e.g. 75 Ford F150, 59-68 Sunbeam Alpine and 64-67 Sunbeam Tiger, 78-88 Zimmer, 90-97 Mazda Miata, 62-80 MG MGB, 74-00 Volvos e.g. 200, 700, 850, and S70/V70 series, 84-96 Mercedes W124, 70-81 F-body Camaro/Firebird, 82-92 F-body Camaro/Firebird, 74-82 C3 Corvette Stingray, 82-88 G-platform Regal, Cutlass, Grand Prix, Monte Carlo, 09-10 Kappa-platform Pontiac Solstice/Saturn Sky, 94-04 Aston Martin DB7, Porsche 911 and 914, 68-94 Jaguar XJ and other vintage Jags e.g. Mark IX, 82-94 BMW E30, 59-69 Chevrolet Corvair, 71-77 Chevy Vega, 70-78 Datsun 240Z, 260Z, and 280Z, 79-91 Mazda RX7, 75-81 Triumph TR7 and TR8, 75-80 AMC Pacer, 70-78 AMG Gremlin.
The High-Efficiency Horticulture and Integrated Supply Chain Project will support the development of 30 hectares of climate-controlled greenhouses equipped with drip irrigation systems in Yerevan to produce tomatoes and bell peppers.
Read more on:
High-Efficiency Horticulture and Integrated Supply Chain Project
This session saw city leaders pitch project proposals to financial institutional leaders with finance mechanisms that could be leveraged by cities or building owners seeking investments in building efficiency.
Learn more: buildingefficiencyaccelerator.org/
Chocolate bunnies on plates (another special exhibit for the day) demonstrate that the light from a CFL bulb and an LED bulb are not hot, but the light from an incandescent bulb ruins the bunny.
MediaTIC building, Barcelona, Spain
MediaTIC building is an emblematic building with a pioneering architecture - that has become one of the symbols of the 22@ innovation district in Barcelona. The particular cube of 38 meters of height has a different facade cladding according to its orientation and the solar incidence for maximum environmental efficiency and considerable energy saving. It houses a 14,000 square meters ecosystem where environments of innovation and research, technological training and business activity coexist. Extra-specific activities also take place, such as lectures in the auditorium, or conferences and events related to information and communication technologies or to the economic and development challenges of the city.
The medIa-TIC building is a good example of the new smart and sustainable architecture in Barcelona, which uses the latest technology. Officially inaugurated in 2010, it is designed to be a communications hub and meeting point for businesses, r&d centres and institutions in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) as well as for the media and audio-visual sectors. It hosts the following companies
and institutions: Barcelona digital Technological centre, Cibernarium (a digital training centre for companies and professionals), the open university of Catalonia, among others.
A highly personal creation of the cloud-9 architect’s office, the medIa-TICc building is in the shape of a cube and is formed by large iron beams covered in a plastic coating of inflatable bubbles, which offer glimpses of the fluorescent structure of the building. The attractive covering also has a functional utility as a way of regulating light and temperature, primarily preventing 114 tons of CO2 a year from escaping from the building, and offering a 20% saving on climate control. Every facade of the media-TIC is different: from the outside, they reveal parts of their interior spaces and give a diverse plasticity, while from the inside they offer spectacular views. The translucent and innovative covering, ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluor Ethylene), recently approved as a construction material, is in itself an innovation in Spanish building: it acts as an external covering and a mobile sunscreen that helps light to penetrate and affords heat savings. The skin is activated using pneumatic mechanisms thanks to “luxometer” sensors that automatically and independently activate the chamber inflation and deflation devices according to how much solar energy there is. These luxometers are energy independent.
From the 15th to the 19th of April, The Assistant Administrator and Regional Director of the UNDP Bureau for Europe and the Commonweal of Independent States - Ms. Cihan Sultanoglu visited Uzbekistan. During her visit she spoke at the International Conference on ‘Modern rural housing as the most important engine of comprehensive development of associated industries and services transforming the look of rural areas and the mentality of the people’ and visited UNDP project sites throughout Uzbekistan.
In Karakalpakstan Ms. Sultanoglu visited a school which has been reconstructed with energy-efficient technical features (through the ‘Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings’ project).
Learn more about Energy and Environment in Europe and Central Asia
Fire brook out in the neighbor hood. Fire tender reached but couldn't extinguish the blaze. So people tried to extinguish it by using buckets to save their houses.
D300
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Khuzdar 24/9/2009
LED lighting that was installed at the Veterans of Foreign Wars building in Lansing. Veterans organizations, homeless shelters, food banks and other nonprofit groups throughout Michigan are benefitting from an initiative by Consumers Energy to replace lighting, thermostats and more with money-saving, energy-efficient products.
Officials from Consumers Energy presented Saginaw Valley State University with a rebate check worth $71,400 for making energy efficiency-related improvements. From left are Randy Henige, corporate account manager, Consumers Energy; Linda Sims, executive director of public affairs, Consumers Energy; and Jim Muladore, vice president of Administrative and Business Affairs, Saginaw Valley State University.
Concept image featuring a European energy efficiency rating chart with a person hitting on on button next to it. This is an image produced as part of a series on energy efficiency ratings and the importance of saving energy. We've since then released it under Creative Commons Attribution licensing for you to use freely and as you wish. If you do use it, we request that you credit us with ownership of the image by linking to www.uswitch.com/
Dave Clanton's CPO crate engine resto-mod proposal: the performance and efficiency of modern crate motors and transmissions coupled with the significantly lighter weight of cars from the 1970s and 80s could yield >30-60 MPG with an exhilarating driving experience. Subcompacts to full size cars have increased by 900-1,500 lbs because of government mandated changes and consumer demand for larger vehicles when gas prices were low. An automaker could capitalize on this revolutionary opportunity three-fold. First, increase sales of new cars by offering substantial trade-in values comparable to those offered in the Cash for Clunkers US Govt program of about $4,000 per qualifying makes/models targeting cars with solid bodies and frames regardless of engine condition. Secondly, recondition the trade-ins with new crate motors and transmissions while also restoring the rest of the car to a Certified Pre-Owned (CPO) condition and sell them with full power train warranties and long term financing. Thirdly, this restoration and crate engine installation would gainfully employ service departments at dealers across the nation. Modern four cylinder and V8 engine swap designs already exist for dozens of domestic and import makes/models. The appeal of retro styling amongst buyers of all ages is evident by new car sales of Mini, Beetle, Mustang, Camaro, Challenger, Charger, Fiat 500, etc. Lastly, in regards to the all important environmental impact it would reduce CO2 emissions by replacing gross polluter power trains with modern modern EPA compliant power trains.
- Example of optimum efficiency would be a 1978-80 Ford Fiesta which weighs 1,576 lbs with a crate motor 2.0L direct injection 4-cyl from a 2011 Ford Focus which weighs 2,500 lbs. The heavier 2011 has an EPA rating of 28 MPG city/40 MPG hwy. The nearly 1,000 lb lighter 78-80 Fiesta could likely achieve 50-60 MPG with a modern drive train while also appealing to buyers with much greater acceleration.
- Example of efficient performance would be a 1974-78 Ford Mustang II which weighs 2,600 lbs with a crate motor 412 HP aluminum 302 Coyote V8 or a 305 HP 3.7L Duratec V6 from a 2011 Ford Mustang which weighs 5,500 lbs. The heavier 2011 Mustang V6 has an EPA rating of 19 MPG city/31 MPG hwy. The nearly 900 lb lighter 74-78 Mustang II could likely achieve 30-40 MPG with a modern drive train while also appealing to buyers with much greater acceleration.
- Dozens of qualifying makes/models include: 61-00 Mini and Clubman, 78-80 Ford Fiesta, 73-79 Civic, 74-78 Mustang II, 79-93 Fox-body Mustang/Capri, 71-80 Pinto, 70-77 Maverick, hot rods e.g. 32 Ford, kit cars e.g. Cobra, GT40, and Sebring, vintage pickup truck e.g. 75 Ford F150, 59-68 Sunbeam Alpine and 64-67 Sunbeam Tiger, 78-88 Zimmer, 90-97 Mazda Miata, 62-80 MG MGB, 74-00 Volvos e.g. 200, 700, 850, and S70/V70 series, 84-96 Mercedes W124, 70-81 F-body Camaro/Firebird, 82-92 F-body Camaro/Firebird, 74-82 C3 Corvette Stingray, 82-88 G-platform Regal, Cutlass, Grand Prix, Monte Carlo, 09-10 Kappa-platform Pontiac Solstice/Saturn Sky, 94-04 Aston Martin DB7, Porsche 911 and 914, 68-94 Jaguar XJ and other vintage Jags e.g. Mark IX, 82-94 BMW E30, 59-69 Chevrolet Corvair, 71-77 Chevy Vega, 70-78 Datsun 240Z, 260Z, and 280Z, 79-91 Mazda RX7, 75-81 Triumph TR7 and TR8, 75-80 AMC Pacer, 70-78 AMG Gremlin.
April 19, 2021 - Bronx, NY --Hall of Fame, William Tecumseh Sherman-- --Bronx Community College--Governor Andrew M. Cuomo announced more than $455 million in energy efficiency upgrades across the City University of New York system. The energy-saving measures developed by the New York Power Authority (NYPA) and the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (DASNY) will reduce environmental impacts and operating costs while advancing the goals of Governor Cuomo’s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA). The most aggressive climate change law in the nation, CLCPA will reduce electricity demand by three percent – the equivalent to 1.8 million New York households—by 2025.(Philip Kamrass/New York Power Authority)
18901 Collins Ave., Miami Beach 41, Fla.
Directly on the ocean. Large Private Beach...Completely Air-Conditioned and Heated...Coffee Shop...Beautiful Motel Rooms and fully equipped Efficiencies...Shuffleboard...Horse Shoe Court...Moderate year round rates. Beach Equipment for your comfort included in your rates. Phone North Dade 6-2613.
Valence Color Publishers
Dexter Press
43998
CAPA-013316
Designer: Jin Shangyi (靳尚谊)
1965, September
Train hard to increase one's combat efficiency, always respond to the nation's call!
Kulian sha di benling, suishi xiangying zuguo haozhao! (苦练杀敌本领，随时响应祖国号召！)
Call nr.: PC-1965-007 (Private collection)
More? See: chineseposters.net
Used to work in an architectural company where we provide our clients with sun louvers, ceilings and building cladding.
This is the interior living room of one of our clients. The louvers (fin-like material) are installed just outside the expansive glass windows. It provides natural light a mild entry into the room. Energy efficiency is also achieved with a reduced usage of artificial light.
WTF Concrete Formwork System (Wall-Ties & Forms, Inc.)
WTF aluminum formwork is a rapid paced construction system for forming cast in place concrete structures. WTF provides aluminum formwork for reinforced concrete construction of single and multi-story buildings and enables the walls and slab to be placed monolithically in the same operation. This increases efficiency, and also produces an extraordinarily strong structure with excellent concrete finish.
Due to the fine tolerances achieved in the aluminum formwork components, consistent concrete shapes and finishes are obtained floor after floor, building after building, conforming to the most exacting standards of quality and accuracy. This allows plumbing and electrical fittings to be prefabricated with the certain knowledge that there will be an exact fit when formwork is assembled. The dimensional accuracy of the concrete work also results in consistent fittings of doors and windows. The smooth finish of the concrete greatly reduces or eliminates the need for costly plastering.
The WTF formwork system has been used in the construction of hundreds of thousands of structures including residential and commercial structures in single story, low rise, and high-rise construction. It has been proven to be very successful in the construction of mass housing projects worldwide. It is fast, simple, adaptable and very cost effective.
The WTF formwork system is unique because it forms all of the concrete in the structure including, walls, floor slabs, columns, beams, stairs, window details, balconies and various decorative features in exact accordance with the architect’s design. No other system can match WTF formwork flexibility to handle all design conditions. The WTF system also allows for the most efficient and cost effective insulation for areas of the world where it is required for extreme temperature conditions.
The WTF system can be erected by unskilled labor and without the need for hoisting cranes. The largest panel weight is not more than 35 kgs (77 Lbs). This enables a single worker to handle the WTF formwork components. The panels and other sections are secured and fixed by steel pins and wedges with formwork ties. The only tool required is a hammer. The WTF system can save as much as 15% of the total cost of construction vs. traditional methods such as block or post and beam construction.
System’s Benefits: -
1. Requires no cranes or heavy lifting equipment.
2. Pour walls and floor slabs monolithically.
3. Remove floor slab formwork without disturbing shoring.
4. Form stairs in place as part of work cycle.
5. Requires no skilled labor.
6. Suitable for single story and high rise construction.
7. Equipment adapts to different designs.
8. No need for use of timber or plywood.
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) being tested at the Lighting and Appliance Testing Laboratory (LATL) of the Department of Energy (DPE) in UP Diliman, Quezon City. The Philippine Energy Efficiency Project has distributed compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) nationwide in exchange for their incandescent bulbs. Each CFL is expected to save customers 400 pesos, around $8.50, each year for the next 7 to 10 years.
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LIPA partners with UPS to install energy efficient lighting fixtures at its Farmingdale, Uniondale and Melville facilities.
Hospital with installed solar panels on their rooftop in Rarotonga, Cook Islands. The Energy Efficiency Project aims to reduce energy consumption in the residential, commercial and public sectors through the implementation of energy efficiency measures.
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In our tree nursery, which we have established in 2015, ten workers grow more than 4 million seedlings with the highest quality standards.
Until 2029 there will be 100 Million trees grown, planted and cared for. If 10.000 projects copy us, the trillion trees will bind a quarter of the human made CO2.
Deputy Chief Ron Vitiello testifies at a Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Programs and the Federal Workforce hearing on, “Examining the Use and Abuse of Administratively Uncontrollable Overtime (AUO) at the Department of Homeland Security. Photo By James Tourtellotte.
This campaign wants to raise awareness for energy efficient heating. Even though many inhabitants of Bern consider this important...
On August 27 1918 the National Efficiency Board was given power to ban businesses from competing with a business run by a war veteran. Businesses could form a Soldier’s Board of Trustees to help protect a business if a soldier was still serving or unable to resume control of a business upon their return.
The correspondence shown here is from a National Efficiency Board file relating to the protection of businesses in WW1. There was a dispute between G.F Sievers and Eastbourne Council in September 1918 as they planned to run a bus service in competition to Mr. Siever’s bus run. As he had not established a Board of Trustees in his absence , as per the instructions of August 27 1918, the council had the right to set up their own. The file also includes a petition from Eastbourne residents in support of Mr Siever’s bus service.
The National Efficiency Board was constituted on 27 February 1917, and formally established by an Order-in-Council on 5 March 1917. It came into existence due to a perceived need for the re-organisation and development of industries in New Zealand during the First World War. At this time the workforce had been greatly depleted by the war, and so there was a real need to investigate methods for increasing productivity, and to use existing capital to the best advantage in essential industries. It was thought that these tasks would best be accomplished with the assistance of the most capable businessmen in the country and so the creation of a national board to advise on these issues was proposed. Its purpose would be to inquire into provisions to enforce economy and increase efficiency, and to determine if further legislation would be required to accomplish these aims. In October 1917, several months after the board was initially established, a second Order-in-Council was passed, which reconstituted the board under the Prime Minister, William Ferguson Massey, and the Minister of Finance, Sir Joseph George Ward.
Archives New Zealand Reference: ADRE 17315 NEB1 22 1217
Material from Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga
Elene Qochua, student, Tbilisi Experimental School No. 1
Find out more about how the EU promotes energy efficiency in Georgia and stay informed at: www.eu4energy.eu
Photos © European Commission
Coal and natural gas cost effective vs. energy efficiency, wind, and solar power? --Stephanie Coffin @ SO 2013-05-22
Pictures by for Lowndes Area Knowledge Exchange (LAKE), Valdosta, Lowndes County, Georgia, .
www.l-a-k-e.org/blog/2013/07/coal-and-natural-gas-cost-ef...
Energy efficiency was enhanced at the Experimental Breeder Reactor-I Atomic Museum by installing a new "cool roof." In fact, the roof reflects so much light that it is difficult to photograph.
Learn more at inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=155....
World leader, scientist, medical scientist, virologist, pharmacist, Professor Fangruida (F.D Smith) on the world epidemic and the nemesis and prevention of new coronaviruses and mutant viruses (Jacques Lucy) 2021v1.5)
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The Nemesis and Killer of New Coronavirus and Mutated Viruses-Joint Development of Vaccines and Drugs (Fangruida) July 2021
*The particularity of new coronaviruses and mutant viruses*The broad spectrum, high efficiency, redundancy, and safety of the new coronavirus vaccine design and development , Redundancy and safety
*New coronavirus drug chemical structure modification*Computer-aided design and drug screening. *"Antiviral biological missile", "New Coronavirus Anti-epidemic Tablets", "Composite Antiviral Oral Liquid", "New Coronavirus Long-acting Oral Tablets", "New Coronavirus Inhibitors" (injection)
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(World leader, scientist, medical scientist, biologist, virologist, pharmacist, FD Smith) "The Nemesis and Killer of New Coronavirus and Mutated Viruses-The Joint Development of Vaccines and Drugs" is an important scientific research document. Now it has been revised and re-published by the original author several times. The compilation is published and published according to the original manuscript to meet the needs of readers and netizens all over the world. At the same time, it is also of great benefit to the vast number of medical clinical drug researchers and various experts and scholars. We hope that it will be corrected in the reprint.------Compiled by Jacques Lucy in Geneva, August 2021
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According to Worldometer's real-time statistics, as of about 6:30 on July 23, there were a total of 193,323,815 confirmed cases of new coronary pneumonia worldwide, and a total of 4,150,213 deaths. There were 570,902 new confirmed cases and 8,766 new deaths worldwide in a single day. Data shows that the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, India, and Indonesia are the five countries with the largest number of new confirmed cases, and Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, South Africa, and India are the five countries with the largest number of new deaths.
The new coronavirus and delta mutant strains have been particularly serious in the recent past. Many countries and places have revived, and the number of cases has not decreased, but has increased.
, It is worthy of vigilance. Although many countries have strengthened vaccine prevention and control and other prevention and control measures, there are still many shortcomings and deficiencies in virus suppression and prevention. The new coronavirus and various mutant strains have a certain degree of antagonism to traditional drugs and most vaccines. Although most vaccines have great anti-epidemic properties and have important and irreplaceable effects and protection for prevention and treatment, it is impossible to completely prevent the spread and infection of viruses. The spread of the new crown virus pneumonia has been delayed for nearly two years. There are hundreds of millions of people infected worldwide, millions of deaths, and the time is long, the spread is widespread, and billions of people around the world are among them. The harm of the virus is quite terrible. This is well known. of. More urgent
What is more serious is that the virus and mutant strains have not completely retreated, especially many people are still infected and infected after being injected with various vaccines. The effectiveness of the vaccine and the resistance of the mutant virus are worthy of medical scientists, virologists, pharmacologists Zoologists and others seriously think and analyze. The current epidemic situation in European and American countries, China, Brazil, India, the United States, Russia and other countries has greatly improved from last year. However, relevant figures show that the global epidemic situation has not completely improved, and some countries and regions are still very serious. In particular, after extensive use of various vaccines, cases still occur, and in some places they are still very serious, which deserves a high degree of vigilance. Prevention and control measures are very important. In addition, vaccines and various anti-epidemic drugs are the first and necessary choices, and other methods are irreplaceable. It is particularly important to develop and develop comprehensive drugs, antiviral drugs, immune drugs, and genetic drugs. Research experiments on new coronaviruses and mutant viruses require more rigorous and in-depth data analysis, pathological pathogenic tissues, cell genes, molecular chemistry, quantum chemistry, etc., as well as vaccine molecular chemistry, quantum physics, quantum biology, cytological histology, medicinal chemistry, and drugs And the vaccine’s symptomatic, effectiveness, safety, long-term effectiveness, etc., of course, including tens of thousands of clinical cases and deaths and other first-hand information and evidence. The task of RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the human body is to use the information of our genetic material DNA to produce protein. It accomplishes this task in the ribosome, the protein-producing area of the cell. The ribosome is the place where protein biosynthesis occurs.
Medicine takes advantage of this: In vaccination, artificially produced mRNA provides ribosomes with instructions for constructing pathogen antigens to fight against—for example, the spike protein of coronavirus.
Traditional live vaccines or inactivated vaccines contain antigens that cause the immune system to react. The mRNA vaccine is produced in the cell
(1) The specificity of new coronaviruses and mutant viruses, etc., virology and quantum chemistry of mutant viruses, quantum physics, quantum microbiology
(2) New crown vaccine design, molecular biology and chemical structure, etc.
(3) The generality and particularity of the development of new coronavirus drugs
(4) Various drug design for new coronavirus pneumonia, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, etc., cells, proteins, DNA, enzyme chemistry, pharmaceutical quantum chemistry, pharmaceutical quantum physics, human biochemistry, human biophysics, etc.
(5) The evolution and mutation characteristics of the new coronavirus and various mutant viruses, the long-term nature, repeatability, drug resistance, and epidemic resistance of the virus, etc.
(6) New coronavirus pneumonia and the infectious transmission of various new coronaviruses and their particularities
(7) The invisible transmission of new coronavirus pneumonia and various mutant viruses in humans or animals, and the mutual symbiosis of cross infection of various bacteria and viruses are also one of the very serious causes of serious harm to new coronaviruses and mutant viruses. Virology, pathology, etiology, gene sequencing, gene mapping, and a large number of analytical studies have shown that there are many cases in China, the United States, India, Russia, Brazil, and other countries.
(8) For the symptomatic prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus, the combination of various vaccines and various antiviral drugs is critical.
(9) According to the current epidemic situation and research judgments, the epidemic situation may improve in the next period of time and 2021-2022, and we are optimistic about its success. However, completely worry-free, it is still too early to win easily. It is not just relying on vaccination. Wearing masks to close the city and other prevention and control measures and methods can sit back and relax, and you can win a big victory. Because all kinds of research and exploration still require a lot of time and various experimental studies. It is not a day's work. A simple taste is very dangerous and harmful. The power and migratory explosiveness of viruses sometimes far exceed human thinking and perception. In the future, next year, or in the future, whether viruses and various evolutionary mutation viruses will re-attack, we still need to study, analyze, prevent and control, rather than being complacent, thinking that the vaccine can win a big victory is inevitably naive and ridiculous. Vaccine protection is very important, but it must not be taken carelessly. The mutation of the new crown virus is very rampant, and the cross-infection of recessive and virulent bacteria makes epidemic prevention and anti-epidemic very complicated.
(10) New crown virus pneumonia and the virus's stubbornness, strength, migration, susceptibility, multi-infectiousness, and occult. The effectiveness of various vaccines and the particularity of virus mutations The long-term hidden dangers and repeated recurrences of the new coronavirus
(11) The formation mechanism and invisible transmission of invisible viruses, asymptomatic infections and asymptomatic infections, asymptomatic transmission routes, asymptomatic infections, pathological pathogens. The spread and infection of viruses and mutated viruses, the blind spots and blind spots of virus vaccines, viral quantum chemistry and
The chemical and physical corresponding reactions at the meeting points of highly effective vaccine drugs, etc. The variability of mutated viruses is very complicated, and vaccination cannot completely prevent the spread of infection.
(12) New crown virus pneumonia and various respiratory infectious diseases are susceptible to infections in animals and humans, and are frequently recurring. This is one of the frequently-occurring and difficult diseases of common infectious diseases. Even with various vaccines and various antiviral immune drugs, it is difficult to completely prevent the occurrence and spread of viral pneumonia. Therefore, epidemic prevention and anti-epidemic is a major issue facing human society, and no country should take it lightly. The various costs that humans pay on this issue are very expensive, such as Ebola virus, influenza A virus,
Hepatitis virus,
Marburg virus
Sars coronavirus, plague, anthracnose, cholera
and many more. The B.1.1.7 mutant virus that was first discovered in the UK was renamed Alpha mutant virus; the B.1.351 that was first discovered in South Africa was renamed Beta mutant virus; the P.1 that was first discovered in Brazil was renamed Gamma mutant virus; the mutation was first discovered in India There are two branches of the virus. B.1.617.2, which was listed as "mutated virus of concern", was renamed Delta mutant virus, and B.1.617.1 of "mutated virus to be observed" was renamed Kappa mutant virus.
However, experts in many countries believe that the current vaccination is still effective, at least it can prevent severe illness and reduce deaths.
Delta mutant strain
According to the degree of risk, the WHO divides the new crown variant strains into two categories: worrying variant strains (VOC, variant of concern) and noteworthy variant strains (VOI, variant of interest). The former has caused many cases and a wide range of cases worldwide, and data confirms its transmission ability, strong toxicity, high power, complex migration, and high insidious transmission of infection. Resistance to vaccines may lead to the effectiveness of vaccines and clinical treatments. Decrease; the latter has confirmed cases of community transmission worldwide, or has been found in multiple countries, but has not yet formed a large-scale infection. Need to be very vigilant. Various cases and deaths in many countries in the world are related to this. In some countries, the epidemic situation is repeated, and it is also caused by various reasons and viruses, of course, including new cases and so on.
At present, VOC is the mutant strain that has the greatest impact on the epidemic and the greatest threat to the world, including: Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. , Will the change of the spur protein in the VOC affect the immune protection effect of the existing vaccine, or whether it will affect the sensitivity of the VOC to the existing vaccine? For this problem, it is necessary to directly test neutralizing antibodies, such as those that can prevent the protection of infection. Antibodies recognize specific protein sequences on viral particles, especially those spike protein sequences used in mRNA vaccines.
(13) Countries around the world, especially countries and regions with more severe epidemics, have a large number of clinical cases, severe cases, and deaths, especially including many young and middle-aged patients, including those who have been vaccinated. The epidemic is more complicated and serious. Injecting various vaccines, taking strict control measures such as closing the city and wearing masks are very important and the effect is very obvious. However, the new coronavirus and mutant viruses are so repeated, their pathological pathogen research will also be very complicated and difficult. After the large-scale use of the vaccine, many people are still infected. In addition to the lack of prevention and control measures, it is very important that the viability of the new coronavirus and various mutant viruses is very important. It can escape the inactivation of the vaccine. It is very resistant to stubbornness. Therefore, the recurrence of new coronavirus pneumonia is very dangerous. What is more noteworthy is that medical scientists, virologists, pharmacists, biologists, zoologists and clinicians should seriously consider the correspondence between virus specificity and vaccine drugs, and the coupling of commonality and specificity. Only in this way can we find targets. Track and kill viruses. Only in this sense can the new crown virus produce a nemesis, put an end to and eradicate the new crown virus pneumonia. Of course, this is not a temporary battle, but a certain amount of time and process to achieve the goal in the end.
(14) The development and evolution of the natural universe and earth species, as well as life species. With the continuous evolution of human cell genes, microbes and bacterial viruses are constantly mutated and inherited. The new world will inevitably produce a variety of new pathogens.
And viruses. For example, neurological genetic disease, digestive system disease, respiratory system disease, blood system disease, cardiopulmonary system disease, etc., new diseases will continue to emerge as humans develop and evolve. Human migration to space, space diseases, space psychological diseases, space cell diseases, space genetic diseases, etc. Therefore, for the new coronavirus and mutated viruses, we must have sufficient knowledge and response, and do not think that it will be completely wiped out.
, And is not a scientific attitude. Viruses and humans mutually reinforce each other, and viruses and animals and plants mutually reinforce each other. This is the iron law of the natural universe. Human beings can only adapt to natural history, but cannot deliberately modify natural history.
Active immune products made from specific bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, spirochetes, mycoplasma and other microorganisms and parasites are collectively called vaccines. Vaccination of animals can make the animal body have specific immunity. The principle of vaccines is to artificially attenuate, inactivate, and genetically attenuate pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, etc.) and their metabolites. Purification and preparation methods, made into immune preparations for the prevention of infectious diseases. In terms of ingredients, the vaccine retains the antigenic properties and other characteristics of the pathogen, which can stimulate the body's immune response and produce protective antibodies. But it has no pathogenicity and does not cause harm to the body. When the body is exposed to this pathogen again, the immune system will produce more antibodies according to the previous memory to prevent the pathogen from invading or to fight against the damage to the body. (1) Inactivated vaccines: select pathogenic microorganisms with strong immunogenicity, culture them, inactivate them by physical or chemical methods, and then purify and prepare them. The virus species used in inactivated vaccines are generally virulent strains, but the use of attenuated attenuated strains also has good immunogenicity, such as the inactivated polio vaccine produced by the Sabin attenuated strain. The inactivated vaccine has lost its infectivity to the body, but still maintains its immunogenicity, which can stimulate the body to produce corresponding immunity and resist the infection of wild strains. Inactivated vaccines have a good immune effect. They can generally be stored for more than one year at 2～8°C without the risk of reversion of virulence; however, the inactivated vaccines cannot grow and reproduce after entering the human body. They stimulate the human body for a short time and must be strong and long-lasting. In general, adjuvants are required for immunity, and multiple injections in large doses are required, and the local immune protection of natural infection is lacking. Including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae and toxoid preparations.