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Happy Valentines to all my flickr freinds & everybody else here in Flickrland.
Which one resembles you ? Add notes if you wish ......
The rain was well-timed in that it passed overnight and once some minimal fog burned off it was another day of abundant sunshine. The radio was relatively quiet as I made my way across town and there didn't seem to be anything happening on the hill, nor at the south end of the yard. At the north end however, was 357 parked on the mainline for a crew change. Despite the all too common GEVO up front it was going in the right direction and I had some summer morning northbound shots in mind.
I've mentioned the trees taking over at the places I revisited but nothing compared to the forest that has sprung up at Van Dyne. Van Dyne had been the go-to place for elevated views where you could include the two mainlines, sometimes two trains, or nice sweeping panoramas looking east towards Lake Winnebago. Now I had to pick my spot and carefully time my shot according to gaps in the tree shadows. 357 is coming up the "SOO side" and the side track has been lifted. The "CNW side" is now Main 2 and obscured by the trees at left. July 21, 2024.
“Reason respects the differences, and imagination the similitudes of things”
- Percy Bysshe Shelley
“Differences were meant by God not to divide but to enrich.”
- J.H. Oldham
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Thanks a lot for visits and comments, everyone...!
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my explicit permission. © All rights reserved
The bird in front is a Brown Pelican, the one I see most often, and until you see them together, only then do you realize how large the White Pelican is. That's a Cormorant behind the White. Sanibel Island, Florida, 2014.
Canon 50d; 400mm f5.6
Sometimes day and night just seem to run together, especially with a busy schedule.
I've used the wonderful stock from these talented stock providers: jlstock.deviantart.com/ (part of the sky), www.sxc.hu/photo/819677 (grass), sadly I don't remember where I got the tree brush from but thank you in advance.
Kyle 6843 works on putting its train together in Limon, CO. On the next track over the UP Limon local power rests after bringing in interchange traffic for the Kyle.
Pacific National service 6MX4 with NR58 and NR121 passes Pichi Richi mixed freight charter trip hauled by NT76 at Lake Knockout, Port Augusta on 14th October 2017.
A big difference in sizes between narrow gauge NT76 and standard gauge NR58.
LE DIFFERENZE..................è buffo, due alberi uguali, nella stessa posizione, piantati nella stessa terra,........................uno ha quasi tutte le foglie gialle e l'altro........le ha quasi tutte verdi !!!
------------------------------- Un felice sabato a tutti voi, amici di flickr !!! ciao ciao :-D
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::A happy Saturday to you all, friends of flickr!!! hello hello :-D
Well its been commissioned so looks like 68 022 will enter service with its compass logo flying backwards on one side only. It has come to light 68 002 also runs about with the same mistake made by the contractor doing the vinyl markings at Kingmoor depot after delivery. Both locos here still have their delivery documents taped in the door windows.
Perhaps 68 022 is intended for propelling use only ?
The difference 7 days can make! Exactly one week ago, the perimeter fences, and mounds, lay-bys and just about everywhere were swarmed with people out to witness the fantastic Boeing 747 departing resplendent in period BOAC livery. Great excitement filled the air as the 747 departed for London Heathrow, the first of four aircraft to be repainted in "Retro" style liveries to celebrate the centenary of the mighty British Airways.
Fast forward one week, and Hainan Airlines inaugural service from Dublin to Shenzhen departs for its 11.5 hour flight to southern China. This new service by Hainan Airlines will operate direct in each direction twice weekly, and will be in direct competition with Cathay Pacific's already established four times weekly Dublin - Hong Kong service.
The mounds, and perimeter fences and lay-bys were all eerily silent today as this next phase in the gigantic expansion in air services eastbound from Ireland occurred, with very few out to record and witness it.
Hainan Airlines are continuing to operate with its Beijing - Dublin service which is shared with Edinburgh, and wil revert to four per week frequency for Summer 2019, today however, gave us the rare opportunity to frame two Hainan Airlines aircraft together on the ground at Dublin as yesterday's flight to Beijing via Edinburgh went unserviceable, requiring an overnight in Dublin to rectify the technical hitch.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Wet plate process)
This deteriorated dry plate portrait of Theodore Roosevelt is similar to a wet plate image but has substantial differences.
The collodion process is an early photographic process.
Contents
1 Description
2 History
2.1 21st century
3 Advantages
4 Disadvantages
5 Use
6 Search for a dry collodion process
7 Collodion emulsion
8 Collodion emulsion preparation example
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Description
Collodion process, mostly synonymous with the "collodion wet plate process", requires the photographic material to be coated, sensitized, exposed and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable darkroom for use in the field. Collodion is normally used in its wet form, but can also be used in humid ("preserved") or dry form, at the cost of greatly increased exposure time. The latter made the dry form unsuitable for the usual portraiture work of most professional photographers of the 19th century. The use of the dry form was therefore mostly confined to landscape photography and other special applications where minutes-long exposure times were tolerable.[citation needed]
History
The collodion process is said to have been invented in 1851, almost simultaneously, by Frederick Scott Archer and Gustave Le Gray. During the subsequent decades, many photographers and experimenters refined or varied the process. By the end of the 1850s it had almost entirely replaced the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype.
During the 1880s the collodion process, was largely replaced by gelatin dry plates—glass plates with a photographic emulsion of silver halides suspended in gelatin. The dry gelatin emulsion was not only more convenient, but it could also be made much more sensitive, greatly reducing exposure times.
One collodion process, the tintype, was in limited use for casual portraiture by some itinerant and amusement park photographers as late as the 1930s, and the wet plate collodion process was still in use in the printing industry in the 1960s for line and tone work (mostly printed material involving black type against a white background) since it was much cheaper than gelatin film in large volumes.[citation needed]
21st century
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The wet plate collodion process has undergone a revival as a historical technique over the past few decades. There are several practising ambrotypists and tintypists who regularly set up and make images at Civil War re-enactments. Fine art photographers use the process and its handcrafted individuality for gallery showings and personal work. There are several makers of reproduction equipment. The process is taught in workshops around the world and several workbooks and manuals are in print. Many artists work with collodion around the globe, including traveling photographer Craig Murphy, Kurt Grüng, Sally Mann, and Ben Cauchi. Other artists to note are Luther Gurlach, James Walker[disambiguation needed], Stephen Burkeman, Sam Davis, Quinn Jacobson and Ken Merfeld. There are many more as well that have contributed to bringing this process forward to a modern age.
Advantages
A portable photography studio in 19th century Ireland. The wet collodion process sometimes gave rise to portable darkrooms, as photographic images needed to be developed while the plate was still wet.
The collodion process produced a negative image on a transparent support (glass). This was an improvement over the calotype process, invented by William Henry Fox Talbot, which relied on paper negatives, and the daguerreotype, which produced a one-of-a-kind positive image and could not be replicated. The collodion process, thus combined desirable qualities of the calotype process (enabling the photographer to make a theoretically unlimited number of prints from a single negative) and the daguerreotype (creating a sharpness and clarity that could not be achieved with paper negatives). Collodion printing was typically done on albumen paper.
The collodion process had other advantages, especially in comparison with the daguerreotype. It was a relatively inexpensive process. The polishing equipment and fuming equipment needed for the daguerreotype could be dispensed with entirely. The support for the images was glass, which was far less expensive than silver-plated copper, and was more durable than paper negatives. It was also fast for the time, requiring only seconds for exposure.
Disadvantages
The wet collodion process had a major disadvantage. The entire process, from coating to developing, had to be done before the plate dried. This gave the photographer no more than 10 minutes to complete everything. This made it inconvenient for field use, as it required a portable darkroom. The plate dripped silver nitrate solution, causing stains and troublesome build-ups in the camera and plate holders.[citation needed]
The silver nitrate bath was also a source of problems. It gradually became saturated with alcohol, ether, iodide and bromide salts, dust, and various organic matter. It would lose effectiveness, causing plates to mysteriously fail to produce an image.[citation needed]
As with all preceding photographic processes, the wet-collodion process was sensitive only to blue light. Warm colours appear dark, cool colours uniformly light. A sky with clouds is impossible to render, as the spectrum of white clouds contains about as much blue as the sky. Lemons and tomatoes appear a shiny black, and a blue and white tablecloth appears plain white. Victorian sitters who in collodion photographs look as if they are in mourning might have been wearing bright yellow or pink.[1]
Use
"A Veteran with his Wife", taken by an anonymous photographer, shows a British veteran of the Napoleonic era Peninsular Wars. It is a hand-tinted ambrotype using the set collodion positive process, made circa 1860.
Despite its disadvantages, wet plate collodion became enormously popular. It was used for portraiture, landscape work, architectural photography and art photography.[citation needed] The world's largest wet process collodion glass plate negatives known to survive, measuring 53 inches (1.35 m) x 37 inches (0.94 m), are held at the State Library of New South Wales.[2][3][4]
The wet plate process is used by a number of artists and experimenters who prefer its aesthetic qualities to those of the more modern gelatin silver process.[citation needed] World Wet Plate Day is staged annually in May for contemporary practitioners.[5]
Search for a dry collodion process
The extreme inconvenience of exposing wet collodion in the field led to many attempts to develop a dry collodion process, which could be exposed and developed some time after coating. A large number of methods were tried, though none was ever found to be truly practical and consistent in operation. Well-known scientists such as Joseph Sidebotham, Richard Kennett, Major Russell and Frederick Charles Luther Wratten attempted, but never met with good results.[citation needed]
Typically, methods involved coating or mixing the collodion with a substance that prevented it from drying quickly. As long as the collodion remained at least partially wet, it retained some of its sensitivity. Common processes involved chemicals such as glycerin, magnesium nitrate, tannic acid and albumen. Others involved more unlikely substances, such as tea, coffee, honey, beer and seemingly unending combinations thereof.[citation needed]
Many methods worked to an extent; they allowed the plate to be exposed hours, or even days, after coating. They all possessed the chief disadvantage, that they rendered the plate extremely slow. An image could require anywhere from three to ten times more exposure on a dry plate than on a wet plate.[citation needed]
Collodion emulsion
In 1864 W. B. Bolton and B. J. Sayce published an idea for a process that would revolutionize photography. They suggested that sensitive silver salts be formed in a liquid collodion, rather than being precipitated, in-situ, on the surface of a plate. A light-sensitive plate could then be prepared by simply flowing this emulsion across the surface of a glass plate; no silver nitrate bath was required.
This idea was soon brought to fruition. First, a printing emulsion was developed using silver chloride. These emulsions were slow, and could not be developed, so they were mostly used for positive printing. Shortly later, silver iodide and silver bromide emulsions were produced. These proved to be significantly faster, and the image could be brought out by development.
The emulsions also had the advantage that they could be washed. In the wet collodion process, silver nitrate reacted with a halide salt; potassium iodide, for example. This resulted in a double replacement reaction. The silver and iodine ions in solution reacted, forming silver iodide on the collodion film. However, at the same time, potassium nitrate also formed, from the potassium ions in the iodide and the nitrate ions in the silver. This salt could not be removed in the wet process. However, with the emulsion process, it could be washed out after creation of the emulsion.
The speed of the emulsion process was unremarkable. It was not as fast as the ordinary wet process, but was not nearly as slow as the dry plate processes. Its chief advantage was that each plate behaved the same way. Inconsistencies in the ordinary process were rare.
Collodion emulsion preparation example
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Below is an example of the preparation of a collodion emulsion, from the late 19th century. The language has been adapted to be more modern, and the units of measure have been converted to metric.
4.9 grams of pyroxylin are dissolved in 81.3 ml of alcohol, 148 ml of ether.
13 grams of zinc bromide are dissolved in 29.6 ml of alcohol. Four or five drops of nitric acid are added. This is added to half the collodion made above.
21.4 grams of silver nitrate are dissolved in 7.4 ml of water. 29.6 ml of alcohol are added. This is then poured into the other half of the collodion; the brominized collodion dropped in, slowly, while stirring.
The result is an emulsion of silver bromide. It is left to ripen for 10 to 20 hours, until it attains a creamy consistency. It may then be used or washed, as outlined below.
To wash, the emulsion is poured into a dish and the solvents are evaporated until the collodion becomes gelatinous. It is then washed with water, followed by a washing in alcohol. After washing, it is redissolved in a mixture of ether and alcohol and is then ready for use.
Emulsions created in this manner could be used wet, but they were often coated on the plate and preserved in similar ways to the dry process.
Collodion emulsion plates were developed in an alkaline developer, not unlike those in common use today. An example formula follows.
Part A: Pyrogallic acid 96 g Alcohol 1 oz.
Part B: Potassium bromide 12 g Distilled Water 30 ml
Part C: Ammonium carbonate 80 g Water 30 ml
When needed for use, mix 0.37 ml of A, 2.72 ml of B and 10.9 ml of C. Flow this over the plate until developed. If a dry plate is used, first wash the preservative off in running water.[citation needed]
The city
Milan, the capital of Lombardy, has a population of 1.3 million people. It is the biggest industrial city of Italy with many different industrial sectors. It is a magnetic point for designers, artists, photographers and models. Milan has an ancient city centre with high and interesting buildings and palazzos, which is why so many people from all over the world want to see the city of glamour.
What a difference fifteen years makes. This evening dress was one of my first attempts at being a "glamour girl" back in 2003.
It did not fit well then, and needless to say it never fit any better...I don't think I could even zip it up.
Fast forward to 2018 and I find myself with a somewhat different body after changes I had to make from congestive heart failure in January. The dress is still a little small, but hey I can at least zip it up! I never figured this dress would see the light of day again.
I had a long way to go back then, a lot to learn, but the journey has been rewarding. I'd like to think I present a little more polished and sophisticated woman these days, LOL.
What a difference a day makes! Yesterday these blossoms were just swollen buds waiting to pop open. Today, there are bees and ants fighting over pollen...
A split second after I snapped this, the ant attacked the bee from behind; it all happened so fast I didn't see much, except that 2 seconds later the bee was back in the blossom with the ant nowhere to be found.
"photography is a way of feeling, of touching, of loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever . . . "
Aaron Siskind
...or, the battle of the lenses.
The second shot taken with the 50mm 1.8 and +4 closeup lens.
Made Explore 17 March 2009. #7 for a while - my highest entry to date.
My one and only (so far) shot with 500 views
Summer in germany is back again! STRIKE!
Happy bokeh friday and a nice weekend!
*sooc inside!
Nikon D700 + Nikon 50mm 1.4
50+ Degrees Actual Temperature Difference Inside Vs Outside At Long Island Home - IMRAN™
This is the more than 51 DEGREES temperature difference between the bedroom and the upper deck — right outside the sliding doors. It will drop to 19F tonight - even colder with wind chill.
The humidity outside is 32% because we had snow on Monday. The air is dry inside with humidity of just 19% - and that is with two humidifiers running full-time.
I can’t sleep well if it’s too warm inside. So, as the outside drops to 19F my bedroom temperature will have automatically slid to about 69F. Even then the temperature gradient will be 50 degrees. And it’s not even the middle of winter yet!
What is your preferred temperature for sleeping in winter and in summer?
© 2025 IMRAN™
"It is better to have a meaningful life and make a difference than to merely have a long life."
Bryant H. McGill
Another quiz, friends. What is the difference between these mindless bobble heads and our current Congress:
A. No difference.
B. Less than we would have liked.
C. The bobble heads have spines.
D. All of the above........sadly. : ((
Best viewed after November 2018.