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Charles M. Christiansen provided the vision and leadership in establishing the Phoenix Mountain Preserve trail system so that we can all enjoy this treasure in the middle of Phoenix. Piestewa Peak may be the crown, but The Christiansen Trail is the heart of & soul of the preserve.
Those of us who hike, bike or ride horses in the Preserve, should pause every now & then and give thanks to those who made this all possible.
Dedicated to Beatrice B. from Bologna.
Special feel for a special women.
"Bea la Dea" is a strong woman working with psycho mental problematic people... For many of those she is the light in the night ... also for me...
Thanks sister for your LOVE!
(file: 07_06_25_06409b)
Char!
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My Pokémon Safari is a set dedicated to me searching for all the wonderful Pokémon from my childhood as I design posters from the 1st Generation Pokémon.
This image dedicated to Hailey, a talented amazing artist and an exquisite person with beautiful heart!
Dear Hailey, thank you very much, Im aboslutely and totally touched!
Please see her beautiful and elegant painting collection here: www.flickr.com/photos/60245219@N08
Dear Hailey, Im very grateful to you for your warm support and Im happy and thankful for your purchase of my work "Twilight Guardians" and I hope you will be enjoing this image which also special for me!
If you would love to purchase this art work, you are welcome to my website:
jenny-rainbow.artistwebsites.com/featured/nostalgie-jenny...
Hydrabad - Nagpur
One of the my favourite service of NGP which is travelled through sexiest NH 7..!!
There are total 3 services on the route from both side.
* From Nagpur - Hydrabad : 6:00, 8:15, 15:00
* From Hydarabd - Nagpur : 6:00, 7:00, 18:00
This one is 7:00 schedule from Hydrabad towards Nagpur.
MH-40-Y-5006/ MH-40-Y-5007/ MH-40-Y-5085/ MH-40-Y-5087 are 4 dedicated buses on the route from NGP 2
All schedules goes via Pandharkawda, Adilabad, Nirmal, Nijamabad.
Captured at Mahatma Gandhi Bus Stand, Hydrabad...!!!
Pisa Cathedral (Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta; Duomo di Pisa) is a medieval Roman Catholic Cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, in the Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa, Italy. It is a notable example of Romanesque architecture, in particular the style known as Pisan Romanesque. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Pisa. Construction on the cathedral began in 1063 by the architect Buscheto, and expenses were paid using the spoils received fighting against the Muslims in Sicily in 1063. It includes various stylistic elements: classical, Lombard-Emilian, Byzantine, and Islamic, drawing upon the international presence of Pisan merchants at that time. In the same year, St. Mark's Basilica began its reconstruction in Venice, evidence of a strong rivalry between the two maritime republics to see which could create the most beautiful and luxurious place of worship. The church was erected outside Pisa's early medieval walls, to show that Pisa had no fear of being attacked. The chosen area had already been used in the Lombard era as a necropolis and at the beginning of the 11th century a church had been erected here, but never finished, that was to be named Santa Maria. Buscheto's grand new church was initially called Santa Maria Maggiore until it was officially named Santa Maria Assunta. In 1092 the cathedral was declared a primatial church, archbishop Dagobert having been given the title of Primate by Pope Urban II. The cathedral was consecrated in 1118 by Pope Gelasius II, who belonged to the Caetani family which was powerful both in Pisa and in Rome. In the early 12th century the cathedral was enlarged under the direction of architect Rainaldo, who increased the length of the nave by adding three bays consistent with the original style of Buscheto, enlarged the transept, and planned a new facade which was completed by workers under the direction of the sculptors Guglielmo and Biduino. The exact date of the work is unclear: according to some, the work was done right after the death of Buscheto about the year 1100, though others say it was done closer to 1140. In any case, work was finished in 1180, as documented by the date written on the bronze knockers made by Bonanno Pisano found on the main door. The structure's present appearance is the result of numerous restoration campaigns that were carried out in different eras. The first radical interventions occurred after the fire of 1595, following which the roof was replaced and sculptors from the workshop of Giambologna, among whom were Gasparo Mola and Pietro Tacca, created the three bronze doors of the facade. In the early 18th century began the redecoration of the inside walls of the cathedral with large paintings, the "quadroni", depicting stories of the blessed and saints of Pisa. These works were made by the principal artists of the era, and a group of citizens arranged for the special financing of the project. Successive interventions occurred in the 19th century and included both internal and external modifications; among the latter was the removal of the original facade statues (presently in the cathedral museum) and their replacement with copies. Other notable interventions include: the dismantling of Giovanni Pisano's pulpit between 1599 and 1601 that only in 1926 was reassembled and returned to the cathedral (with some original pieces missing, including the staircase); and the dismantling of the monument to Henry VII made by Lupo di Francesco that was found in front of the door of San Ranieri and later substituted by a simpler, symbolic version; in 1987, the whole square was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site / Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno River just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 100,000 residents contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics. The city is also home of the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, as the best-sanctioned Superior Graduate Schools in Italy
Dedicated By Aurora Historical Society in 1930. For the Aurora branch incorporated Feb 9 ,1849.stated from Aurora 13miles to Turner Jct.now West Chicago IL. Up date the Burlington's home plate new home, now at the Aurora Tranportantion Center.
Stripe, dedicated billboard bus apparently, in Manhattan, New York, USA. December, 2024. "Advanced billing software from Stripe". Copyright Tom Turner
The chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Rocamadour, as preserved until today, was built from 1610 to 1683. It was preceded by older chapels, as witnessed by the inscription on black granite embedded in the wall on the left side of the entrance door: “L’an 1527 fut fondée la Chapelle Nre Dae Roc” (“The Chapel of Nre Dae Roc was founded in the year 1527”); as well, other documents attest the presence of a chapel in 1183 and in 1373.
Venerated by the sailors, the Chapel has its own legend. It is said that his bell tower, decapitated by a cannonball stroke during the Battle of Trez Rouz (1694) has never been reconstructed because Notre Dame de Rocamadour will send the cannonball back to the guilty vessel and this one will sink in the sea.
***
Capela dedicatǎ Sfintei Fecioare din Rocamadour a fost construitǎ, în forma care s-a pǎstrat pânǎ astǎzi, între anii 1610 şi 1683. A fost precedatǎ de biserici mai vechi, dupǎ cum rezultǎ şi din inscripţia în granit negru încorporatǎ în zid în partea din stânga intrǎrii: “L’an 1527 fut fondée la Chapelle Nre Dae Roc” (“Capela Nre Dae Roc a fost fondatǎ în anul 1527”); de asemenea, alte documente atestǎ prezenţa unei capele în 1183 şi în 1373.
Veneratǎ de marinari, capela are propria ei legendǎ. Se spune cǎ turnul clopotniţei, decapitat de o ghiulea în timpul bǎtǎliei de la Trez Rouz (1694), nu a mai fost reconstruit pentru cǎ Sfînta Fecioarǎ din Rocamadour va arunca ghiuleaua în vasul cel vinovat, iar acesta se va scufunda în mare.
Source: WIKIPEDIA
Dedicated to the designers, developers and engineers who build the world’s most engaging user interfaces. From the community, for the community.
R.I.P.
Dedicated to Syd Barrett
(1946-2006)
Wish You Were Here
So, so you think you can tell Heaven from Hell,
blue skies from pain.
Can you tell a green field from a cold steel rail? A smile from a veil?
Do you think you can tell?
And did they get you trade your heroes for ghosts?
Hot ashes for trees? Hot air for a cool breeze?
Cold comfort for change? And did you exchange
a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage?
How I wish, how I wish you were here.
We’re just two lost souls swimming in a fish bowl,
year after year,
running over the same old ground. What have we found?
The same old fears,
wish you were here.
-------
Created with fd's Flickr Toys from this
Wesun is dedicated to supplying its best products and service in building/decorative material for customers from all over the world. We are a family-owned company and our plants are mainly located in Quanzhou、Zhangzhou in Fujian Province with more than 500 employees. Our products range from thin terracotta split tiles, clay brick pavers, & ceramic tiles, artificial cultured stone, mosaic, marbles, granits, stone products, etc.
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My personal gym trainer, Mr. Brian Chong (No. 30), from Body Alignment (BERCHAM branch), had participated in VS Gym - Bodybuilding Competition – dated Saturday, February 14, 2009.
專注 [ Large Size (1024 x 683)∣Original Size (1800 x 1200) ]
Canon EOS 30D + Tamron SP 35-105mm f/2.8 ( for Nikon Mount )
April 22, 2007
by Yueh-Hua
Carrying Airlink livery for the dedicated service from Waverley Bridge to Edinburgh Airport are a fleet of these Volvo B9TL Wright Eclipse Gemini double deckers fitted with leather seats and operated by Lothian Buses.
SN10 DLE carries fleetnumber 948 and was seen on 4th August 2010.
Sasbahu Temple, also called the Sas-Bahu Mandir, Sas-Bahu Temples, Sahastrabahu Temple or Harisadanam temple, is an 11th-century twin temple in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Near the Gwalior Fort and dedicated to Vishnu in his Padmanabha form, like most Hindu and Jain temples in this region, it is mostly in ruins and was badly damaged from numerous invasions and Hindu-Muslim wars in the region. It was built in 1093 by King Mahipala of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty, according to an inscription found in the larger of the twin temple. The twin temples are situated in the Gwalior Fort.
The temple's tower and sanctum has been destroyed, but its architecture and damaged carvings can still be appreciated from the ruins. The jagati platform is 100 feet (30 m) long and 63 feet (19 m) wide, on a square plan. The temple was three-storeyed, which was one of its distinguishing features and sophistication. It followed a central cluster concept, states Adam Hardy. The surviving elements of the temple are the entrance porch and the mandapa. According to James Harle, though the prasada (tower, spire) no longer exists, the triple storey plan with a cruciform foundation and balconies suggests that it had a North Indian Bhumija style architecture. This style, states Harle, is marked by a well proportioned superstructure, its "regularly arranged little subordinate sikharas strung out like gigantic beaded garlands".
This temple mainly has three entrances from three different directions. In the fourth direction, there is a room which is currently closed. The entire temple is covered with carvings, notably 4 idols of Brahma, Vishnu and Saraswati above its entrance door. The pillar carvings show Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Shaktism related carvings. The larger temple ornamentation covers all the exterior walls and all surviving interior surfaces.
The twin temple, like elsewhere in India, has locally been called Sasbahu temple. The word Sasbahu means "mother-in-law, bride" or "a mother with her daughter-in-law", an association that implies their being together and interdependent. The Sas temple is typically the larger older temple of the twin. The Gwalior Sasbahu temple follows this style, but both temples are dedicated to Vishnu. Only the Sas temple has survived in some form, the Bahu temple is a shell structure of the original one storey with a highly ornate door frame and its defaced wall reliefs surviving. The remnants of the Bahu temple at Gwalior suggest that it may have been a smaller version of the Saas temple.
The Sas temple has a square sanctum attached to a rectangular two storey antarala and a closed three storey mandapa with three entrances. The temple main entrance porch has four carved Ruchaka ghatapallava-style pillars that are load-bearing. The walls and lintels are intricately carved, though much defaced. On the lintel of the entrances, friezes of Krishna-leela scenes are carved inside, while the outer side narrate legends from other Hindu texts. Above the lintel is Garuda, the vahana of Vishnu.
The Bahu temple also has a square sanctum with 9.33 feet (2.84 m) side, with four central pillars. Its maha-mandapa is also a square with 23.33 feet (7.11 m) side, with twelve pillars. The temple, like most Malwa and Rajputana historic temples, provides multiple entrances to the devotee. The roof consists of two rotated squares that intersect to form an octagon capped by successive overlapping circles. The pillars have octagonal bases as well, with girls carved but these have been defaced and mutilated. The sanctum has an image of damaged Vishnu, next to whom stands Brahma holding the Vedas on one side and Shiva holding the trident on the other side.
Some of you will get this one...
My favorite part of his sticker collection on his iBook.
He loves me - even with my "antisocial" tendencies and weird nicknames.
lava, lava lamp, glitter, glitter lamp, hippy, hippie, hippielight, hippielight.com, www.hippielight.com, history of the lava lamp, the history of the lava lamp, century, aristocrat, decorator, empress, princess, regency, consort, imperial, saturna, aladdin, enchantress, enchantress planter, savoy, continental, mystique, gemlite, executive, vintage lava lamp, Hy Spector, vintage lava lamps, vintage glitter lamps, vintage glitters, french glitter lamps, french window glitter lamps, european glitter lamps, LUC Vallauris lamps, Midnight, Princess, Wizard, Midnight rainbow, Giant lava lamp, Swirl, Enchantress, Icon, Ceramic, Stars and Moons, trippy, Florence Art Co, Glitterama, Edward Craven Walker, Crestworth, Mathmos, Astro, Astro Mini, Astro Nordic, Astro Lantern, Astro lamp, Glitterlite, Living Jewel, Glitterama, 1960s, 1970s, 60s, 70s, Mathmos, Telstar, Lunar, Jet, Glitterbaby, Glitterball, Astrobaby, Fluidium, Ross Lovegrove, Astrobaby lava lamp, Glitterbaby, Space Projector, oil wheel projector, candle powered lava lamp, tea-light powered lava lamp, Fireflow, Fireflow O1, Fireflow R1, R1, O1, vintage lava lamp exhibition, inventors of the lava lamp, www.hippielight.com, www.flowoflava.com, invented in 1963, 1963, the original, bubble lamp, the original history of the lava lamp, there is only one original lava lamp invented by Mathmos, if it doesn't say Mathmos, then it is not from the inventors, Fantasia, Poly-Optics, vintage fiber optic lamps, Cosmic Window, Glitter Graphics, vintage boiler lamps, F. Vaudan Paris, boiler lamps, grape lamps, swag, swag grape lamps, Johnson Industries, rain lamps, rain goddess lamps, rain shimmering, glitter, Florence Art Co, Florence Art Co glitter lamps, glittery, bubble lamp, flow, trippy, psychedelic, colourful, colourful, candle powered lava lamp, mini lava lamp, monster lava lamp, giant lava lamp, massive lava lamp, mathmos lamp toppers, aduki, bubble, tumbler, airswitch, eclipse, Mathmos London, Mathmos Modern, Mathmos Design Studio, the greatest lava lamp, blobs, oozing, oozinggoo, bubbles, smart astro
Dedicated to @flipkeat, @Greta Adores Pink & @DMC43...whom have all experienced great loss recently... <3.
My thoughts are with you...
"Sumela Monastery (Greek: Μονή Παναγίας Σουμελά, Moní Panagías Soumelá; Turkish: Sümela Manastırı) is a Greek Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary (Panagia, meaning "The all-holy one" in Greek, a title often used for the Virgin Mary) at Melá Mountain (Turkish: Karadağ, which is a direct translation of the Greek name Sou Melá, "Black Mountain") within the Pontic Mountains (Turkish: Kuzey Anadolu Dağları) range, in the Maçka district of Trabzon Province in modern Turkey.
According to another etymological theory regarding the origin of the monastery's name, it comes from the Laz word სუმელა [sumela], which means "Trinity" in English.
Nestled in a steep cliff at an altitude of about 1,200 metres facing the Altındere valley, it is a site of great historical and cultural significance, as well as a major tourist attraction within Altındere National Park. Due to an increase in rock falls, on 22 September 2015 the monastery was closed to the public for safety reasons for the duration of one year to resolve the problem; this was later extended to three years. It is scheduled to reopen for visitors on Assumption day 2018. (This has not happened yet.) The Monastery is one of the most important historic and touristic venues in Trabzon." [from Wikipedia]
Digital version of a photograph taken during an extended holiday in Turkey, summer of 1993. (Scanned from a transparency.)
This is from right after I graduated high school, and had broken my ankle as a result of an unfortunate encounter with a red-winged blackbird (really!). Didn't stop me from playing!
The Pashupatinath Temple (Nepali: पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर) is a famous, sacred Hindu temple dedicated to Pashupatinath and is located on the banks of the Bagmati River 5 kilometres north-east of Kathmandu Valley in the eastern city of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. This temple is considered one of the sacred temples of Hindu faith. The temple serves as the seat of the national deity, Lord Pashupatinath. This temple complex is on UNESCO World Heritage Sites's list Since 1979. This "extensive Hindu temple precinct" is a "sprawling collection of temples, ashrams, images and inscriptions raised over the centuries along the banks of the sacred Bagmati river" and is included as one of the seven monument groups in UNESCO's designation of Kathmandu Valley as a cultural heritage site. One of the major Festivals of the temple is Maha Shivaratri on which day over 700,000 devotees visit here.
The twelve Jyotirlinga (in India) are the body and the Jyotirlinga at Pashupatinath in Kathmandu (Nepal) is the head over this body.
The temple is one of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams (Holy Abodes of Shiva) on the continent. Kotirudra Samhita, Chapter 11 on the Shivalingas of the North, in Shiva Purana mentions this Shivalinga as the bestower of all wishes.
HISTORY
The temple was erected anew in the 15th century by Lichhavi King Shupuspa after the previous building had been consumed by termites. Countless further temples have been erected around this two -storied temple. These include the Vaishnav temple complex with a Ram temple from the 14th century and the Guhyeshwari Temple mentioned in an 11th-century manuscript.
LEGEND ABOUT THE TEMPLE ORIGIN
Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. It is not known for certain when Pashupatinath Temple was founded. But according to Nepal Mahatmaya and Himvatkhanda, the deity here gained great fame there as Pashupati, the Lord of all Pashus, which are living as well as non-living beings. Pashupatinath Temple's existence dates back to 400 A.D. The richly-ornamented pagoda houses the sacred linga or holy symbol of Lord Shiva. There are many legends describing as to how the temple of Lord Pashupatinath came to existence here. Some of them are narrated below:
THE COW LEGEND
Legend says that Lord Shiva once took the form of an antelope and sported unknown in the forest on Bagmati river's east bank. The gods later caught up with him, and grabbing him by the horn, forced him to resume his divine form. The broken horn was worshipped as a linga but overtime it was buried and lost. Centuries later an astonished herdsmen found one of his cows showering the earth with milk. Digging deep at the site, he discovered the divine linga of Pashupatinath.
THE LINCHCHAVI LEGEND
According to Gopalraj Vamsavali, the oldest ever chronicle in Nepal, this temple was built by Supuspa Deva, a Linchchhavi King, who according to the stone inscription erected by Jayadeva 11 in the courtyard of Pashupatinath in 753 AD, happened to be the ruler 39 generations before Manadeva (464-505 AD).
THE DEVALAYA LEGEND
Another chronicle states that Pashupatinath Temple was in the form of Linga shaped Devalaya before Supuspa Deva constructed a five storey temple of Pashupatinath in this place. As the time passed, the need for repairing and renovating this temple arose. It is learnt that this temple was reconstructed by a medieval King named Shivadeva (1099-1126 AD). It was renovated by Ananta Malla adding a roof to it. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the world come to pay homage to this temple, that is also known as 'The Temple of Living Beings'.
OTHER BELIEFS
There are several complex stories involving the origins of Pashupatinath. One story goes, in brief, that Shiva and Parvati came to the Kathmandu Valley and rested by the Bagmati while on a journey. Shiva was so impressed by its beauty and the surrounding forest that he and Parvati changed themselves into deers and walked into the forest. Many spots in the Kathmandu Valley are identified as places where Shiva went during his time as a deer. After a while the people and gods began to search for Shiva. Finally, after various complications, they found him in the forest, but he refused to leave. More complications ensued, but ultimately Shiva announced that, since he had lived by the Bagmati in a deer's form, he would now be known as Pashupatinath, Lord of all animals. It is said that whoever came here and beheld the lingam that appeared there would not be reborn as an animal.
FINDING OF SHIVA LINGA AT PASHIPATINATH TEMPLE
It is said that the wish-fulfilling cow Kamadhenu took shelter in a cave on the Chandravan mountain. Everyday Kamadhenu went down to the place the lingam was sunken into the soil and poured her milk on top of the soil. After ten thousand years some people saw Kamadhenu pouring milk on that same spot everyday, and started to wonder what that would be. So they removed the soil and found the beautiful shining lingam and started worshiping it.
TEMPLE COMPLEX
The area of Pashupatinath encompasses 264 hectare of land including 518 temples and monuments. Main pagoda style temple is located in the fortified courtyard within the complex guarded by Nepal Police and has a police outpost post along with living quarter within. In front of the western door there is a huge statue Nandi bull, in bronze. Along with many temples and shrines of both Vaishnav and saiva tradition.
TEMPLES AND SHRINES IN THE INNER COURTYARD
Vasuki nath temple
Unmatta Bhairav temple
Surya narayan temple
Kirti mukh bhairav shrine
Budanil kantha shrine
Hanuman shrine
184 shivaling shrine
TEMPLES AND SHRINES IN THE OUTER COMPLEX
Ram mandir
Virat swaroop temple
12 jyotirlingha and Pandra Shivalaya
Guhyeshwari Temple
MAIN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
This main temple is built in the Nepalese pagoda style of architecture. All the features of pagoda style is founded here like cubic constructions, beautifully carved wooden rafters on which they rest (tundal). The two level roofs are of copper with gold covering. The temple resides on a square base platform with a height of 23m 7 cm from base to pinnacle. It has four main doors, all covered with silver sheets. This temple has a gold pinnacle (Gajur). Inside are two Garbhagrihas, outer and inner. The inner garbhagriha or sanctum sanctorum is where the idol is placed and outer sanctum is an open corridor like space.
THE DEITY
The sacro sanctum, or the main idol is a stone Mukhalinga with a silver yoni base bound with silver serpent. The lingam is one metre high and has faces in four directions. These faces represents various ascepts of Shiva; Sadyojata (also known as Barun), Vamdeva (also known as Ardha nareshwor), Tatpurusha, Aghor & Ishana (imaginative). Facing West, North, East, South and Zenith respectively representing five primary elements namely earth, water, air, light and ether. Each face has tiny protruding hands holding rudraksha mala on right hand and a kamandalu on the other.Unlike other shiva lingams in India and Nepal this pashupati shiva lingam is always Dressed in its golden vastra except during abhishakam, so pouring milk and ganga jal is only possible during abhishakam through the main priests.
PRIESTS
Daily rituals of Pashupatinath are carried out by two sets of priests ;one being the Bhatt priests and other Bhandari. Bhatta or Bhatt are the one who performs the daily ritual and can touch the lingam, where as Bhadaris are the helper and temple care taker priests but are not qualified perform pooja rituals or to touch the deity.
Bhatta or Bhat are highly educated Vedic bhramin Scholars from Brahmin family from South Indian State Karnataka.Unlike other Hindu temples priesthood of Pashupatinath is not hereditary. Priests are selected from a group of scholars educated by Shri Shankaracharya Dakshinamnaya Peeth Sringeri on Rig Vedic Recitation, initiated in Pashupata Yoga by Kashi Math,Shiva Āgama and learned Recitation of Samaveda from Haridwar.After qualifying and fulfilling all those criteria they will be selected for Priesthood by Raj Guru of Pashupatinath Temple undergoing strict examination on Vedas and Shiva Agamas and then the qualifies are sent to Kathmandu for performing Puja and Daily Worship of Lord Shri Pashupatinath This tradition is reported to have started by the request of Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century, who sought to unify the different states of Bharatam (Unified India) by encouraging cultural exchange. This procedure is also followed in other temples around Bharata-varsa which were sanctified by Adi Shankaracharya. The unique feature of this temple is that only 4 Bhatta priests can touch the deity.Current Bhatt priests of the temple are;
Ganesh Bhat (15th head priest of the Pashupatinath Temple aka Mool Bhat) from Udupi.
Ram Karanth Bhat from Mangaluru.
Girish Bhat from Sirsi.
Narayan Bhat(Recently appointed) from Bhatkal
Raghavendra Bhat (Priest for Vasuki Nath temple only)
Bhandaris or Rajbhandari are the treasurers, temple caretakers, and assistant priest of the temple.
These Bhandaris are the descendants of helper priests brought up by early Bhatts, but were allowed to settle in Kathmandu valley and later assimilated in existing Newar caste of Rajbhandari - a high-caste Chathariya/Kshatriya clan of Kashyapa gotra. Their main function is to help the Bhatta priest and perform maintenance of the inner Garbhagriha. They can have little or no Vedic knowledge but still qualify as assistant priests if they belong from the same family lineage and undergo some basic criteria like caste, gotra, lineage purity, educational qualification, etc. They work in set of four and change in every full moon day. There are a total of 108 Bhandaris.
ENTRY AND DARSHAN
Temple courtyard has 4 entrances in all directions.The western entrance is the main entrance to the temple courtyard and rest three entrances are only opened during big festival . Temple security (Armed Police Force Nepal) is selective regarding who is allowed entry into the inner courtyard . Practicing Hindus and buddhist of Indian and Tibetan descendent are only allowed into temple courtiyard . Practicing Hindus of western descent are not allowed into the temple complex along with other non Hindu Visitors. Sikh and Jain groups are allowed into the temple compound if they are of Indian ancestry. Others can look at the main temple from adjacent side of the river and has to pay a nominal fee of $10 (1000 Nepali rupee) for visiting hundreds of small temples in the external premises of the temple complex . The inner temple courtyard remains open from 4 am to 7 pm for the devotee but the Inner Pashupatinath Temple where the Lingam of lord Pashupatinath is established is open from 5am to 12 pm for the morning ritual and viewing and from 5pm to 7 pm for evening ritual. Unlike many other Saiva temples devotees are not allowed to enter in the inner-most Garbhagriha but are allowed to view from the exterior premises of the outer Garbhagriha.
FESTIVALS
There are many festivals throughout the year .Thousands of people attend these festival.The most important festival is the Maha Shiva Ratri .Bala chaturthi and Teej.
CONTROVERSY OF 2009
In January 2009, after the forced resignation by the chief priest of Pashupatinath temple, the Maoist-led government of Nepal "hand picked" Nepalese priests to lead the temple, thus bypassing the temple's long-standing requirements. This appointment was contested by the Bhandaris of the temple, stating that they were not against the appointment of Nepalese priests but against the appointment without proper procedure. After the appointment was challenged in a civil court, the appointment was overruled by Supreme Court of Nepal.However, the government did not heed the ruling and stood by its decision. This led to public outrage and protests over a lack of transparency. The paramilitary group of the CPN (Maoist), called YCL, attacked the protesters, leading to over a dozen injuries. Lawmakers and activists from opposition parties joined protests, declaring their support for the Bhatta and other pro-Bhatta protesters. After long dissatisfaction and protest by Hindus both in and outside Nepal, the government was forced to reverse its decision that had been declared illegal by the Supreme Court of Nepal and reinstate Bhatta priests.
2015 EARTHQUAKE
The main temple complex of Pashupatinath and the sanctum sanctorum was left untouched but some of the outer buildings in the World Heritage Site were damaged by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.
WIKIPEDIA
Top marks to the guys on the end of platform 3, braving the elements to record 60163 Tornado's latest visit to Shrewsbury, in her new coat of BR blue livery.
The working is the return Cathedrals Express, 1Z28 Shrewsbury to Paddington, 17.52 departure in extremely wet and inclement weather. The wind had got up by this time, as can be seen from the spare steam from the safety valves, my brolly turned inside out too! Saturday, 24.11.12.
dedicated to gremxul (timmy gambin)
When I saw out of my window at this rainy day while the sun came out to delight the tiles my brain said: it's a gremxul !
Dedicated to Екатерина Аверкина and her colours (and Eka Shonya). But you're much better than me as photographers.
Dedicated to the memory of our dear friend, John Fawcett, Head of Collection Development, Buswell Library, Wheaton College, Illinois. A man of great soul, mighty laughter, profound depth of faith, a counselor of others, a musician, and, in his long battle with cancer, an inspiration and amazement to us all. For Margie, Charlotte, and Josiah, may you find yourselves wrapped in the tender love of family and friends, as you suffer this great loss.
For my double portrait of John & Margie, and tribute to them both, see also:
www.flickr.com/photos/walford/2363827457/
While the doctors thought John would die the night before this poem was written, in his great fortitude, he pressed on until the end of May, defying all possible expectations, and inspired many in the intervening months. Such was John!
John Fawcett's funeral was a three-hour epic of music and celebration for a life richly lived and devoted to the worship and service of the God he loved. It was masterfully crafted and composed--in all its parts--around a dazzlingly rich array of musical sound and acclaimed Word of God--that took all present through a full gamut of emotions, from the grieving of our loss, to the joyful celebration of the resurrection, the latter aspect of which included all the many children dancing in the aisles--something I have never seen at a funeral. It was a fitting culmination to his long recent months (and years) of battle with cancer, and the tone of the service was triumphal, while not escapist, nor pretending that death is not anything but our last and worst enemy. I have never experienced anything like it, and I presume that John himself orchestrated the entire musical production, which included a piece composed and performed especially for the event, by his friend, professional pianist, Danial Paul Horn, also of Wheaton College.
The Lakshmana Temple is a Hindu temple located in Khajuraho, India. Dedicated to Vaikuntha Vishnu - an aspect of Vishnu.
This temple is located in the Western Temple complex in Khajuraho. Khajuraho is a small village in Chattarpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India.
It is a Sandhara Temple of the Panchayatana Variety. The entire temple complex stands on a high platform (Jagati). The structure consists of all the elements of Hindu temple architecture. It has entrance porch (ardh-mandapa), Mandapa, Maha-Mandapa, Antarala and Garbhagriha.
Unlike other temples in Khajuraho, its sanctum is Pancharatha on plan. Its sikhara is clustered with minor urushringas.
The wall portion is studded with balconied windows with ornate balustrades.
It has two rows of sculptures including divine figures, couples and erotic scenes.
The sanctum doorway is of seven sakhas (vertical panels). The central one being decorated with various incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The Lintel depicts goddess Lakshmi in the centre flanked by Brahma and Vishnu. The sanctum contains four-armed sculpture of Vishnu.
Main image is of tri-headed & four-armed sculpture of Vaikuntha Vishnu.
The central head is of human, and two sides of boar (depicting Varaha) and lion (depicting Narshima).
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Der Lakshmana-Tempel ist der erste wirklich große Tempelbau der Chandella-Dynastie im Tempelbezirk von Khajuraho; zu seiner Bauzeit (ca. 930−950) war er der größte Tempel im Norden Indiens. Der Tempel ist dem Gott Vishnu in seinem Aspekt als Vaikuntha ('Herr des Paradieses') geweiht; im Zentrum der Cella (garbhagriha) steht eine dreiköpfige Vishnu-/Vaikuntha-Figur.
In den Ecken der Tempelplattform sind noch vier Begleitschreine erhalten und so ergibt sich das seltene Bild eines kompletten nordindischen Tempelkomplexes (panchayatana), wie es schon im frühen 6. Jahrhundert im Dashavatara-Tempel von Deogarh geplant und verwirklicht wurde, sich aber dort nicht erhalten hat.
ETYMOLOGIE
Der Name Vaikuntha ist wahrscheinlich von den Sanskritwörtern vi und kuntha herzuleiten und bedeutet in etwa 'ohne Bruch' im Sinne von 'ganzheitlich' oder 'vollkommen'. Vaikuntha ist für viele Anhänger Vishnus (vaishnavas) Ziel und Ort nach Erreichung der Erlösung (moksha), d. h. nach der Befreiung aus dem endlosen Kreislauf der Wiedergeburten (samsara). Dieser Ort − in etwa gleichzusetzen mit dem Paradies − liegt an den Hängen des Weltenbergs Meru und besteht nur aus Gold und kostbaren Edelsteinen; der Ganges fließt mitten durch ihn hindurch. Das Bildnis im Innern der Cella wurde − da seine ursprüngliche Bedeutung in Vergessenheit geraten war − in späterer Zeit volkstümlich auch als Lakshmana, Ramachandra oder Chaturbuja bezeichnet; der Name 'Lakshmana-Tempel' ist haften geblieben.
BAUGESCHICHTE
Eine während der Ausgrabungs- und Restaurierungsarbeiten zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts in der Nähe gefundene Steinplatte mit einer Weiheinschrift aus dem Jahr 953/4, die sich auf eine Vaikuntha-Statue bezieht, erwähnt den Chandella-Herrscher Yasovarman (reg. ca. 925−950) als Bauherren und Stifter. Bei einer angenommenen Bauzeit von etwa 20 Jahren dürfte der Baubeginn des Tempels etwa um das Jahr 930 anzusiedeln sein, als die Chandellas gegenüber ihren Lehnsherren, den Pratiharas, mehr und mehr an Einfluss und Macht gewannen. Die Inschriftenplatte ist heute in der kleinen Vorhalle (mukhamandapa) des Tempels angebracht.
ARCHITEKTUR
Der komplett aus Sandstein errichtete Tempel ist ca. 21,5 m hoch, etwa 24,5 m lang und ca. 14,5 m breit. Er erhebt sich auf einer rechteckigen, ca. 3 m hohen, ca. 40 m langen und ca. 27 m breiten Umgangsplattform (jagati), die über einen vorgezogenen Treppenaufgang erreichbar ist. Der Tempel selbst ruht auf einem mehrfach gegliederten und leicht zurückgestuften Unterbau (adhishthana), so dass ein weiterer, ebenfalls etwa 3 m hoher Treppenaufgang notwendig ist um in den Portikus (mukhamandapa oder ardhamandapa) zu gelangen; es folgt die Vorhalle (mandapa), dann die Große Vorhalle (mahamandapa) und schließlich der Sanktumsbereich mit innenliegender Cella (garbhagriha) sowie einem Umgang (pradakshinapatha).
Sanktumsbereich und Große Vorhalle sind flächenmäßig etwa gleich groß − ein Schema, dass bereits ca. 250 Jahre früher beim Kalika-Mata-Tempel in Chittorgarh erstmals auftritt und über Zwischenstufen in Rajasthan und Gyaraspur nach Khajuraho gelangte. Da die Dachaufbauten des Tempels im Wesentlichen auf Pfeilern ruhen, konnten die drei Vorhallen sowie der Umgangsbereich der Cella durch schräggestellte Brüstungen mit gedrechselten Steinsäulchen, vor denen sich im Innern steinerne Sitzbänke befinden, nach außen geöffnet werden.
Die verschiedenen Räume sind durch Stufen voneinander getrennt und haben somit ein geringfügig wechselndes Bodenniveau; die Cella des Tempels mit dem Vaikuntha-Bildnis hat von allen Räumen das höchste Fußbodenniveau und wird von einem Shikhara-Turm mit kleinen Begleittürmchen (urushringas) überhöht. Die Vorhallen sind jeweils von pyramidenförmigen Dächern (phamsanas) bedeckt. Im Äußeren entsteht so das Bild eines die umgebende Landschaft überragenden Gebirges oder Bergstocks, doch auch im Innern müssen die Gläubigen einige Stufen überwinden um zum "Höchsten", dem Vaikuntha-Bildnis, zu gelangen.
Im Innern wie im Äußeren ist jedes Bauteil des Tempels reich gegliedert und mit Skulpturen oder abstrakten geometrischen oder vegetabilischen Ornamenten bedeckt; eine Wand- bzw. Steinsichtigkeit wird also weitgehend vermieden.
SKULPTUREN
Die obere Ebene der mehrfach gestuften Sockelzone ist als etwa 35 cm hoher umlaufender Fries mit über hundert kleinen Elefanten gestaltet, die den gesamten Tempel auf dem Rücken tragen − ein Hoheitszeichen, das sich an keinem der anderen Tempel Khajurahos findet. Die Elefanten werden von jeweils zwei Wärtern (mahuts) begleitet.
Plattform und Tempel sind mit über tausend kleineren und größeren Figuren geschmückt. Vor allem die größeren Skulpturen sind nicht mehr – wie früher – von Architekturelementen oder Nischen eingerahmt, sondern stehen nahezu vollplastisch auf Steinplatten, d. h. sie sind kaum noch mit dem rückwärtigen Reliefgrund verbunden. Sie sind nicht mehr als künstliche Abbilder gemeint, sondern als lebendige, lebensnahe Figuren. Die etwas hervorstehenden Bauteile zeigen zumeist Götterfiguren (Shiva, Vishnu u. a.), die seitlich in den etwas zurückspringenden Teilen von gleich großen weiblichen Figuren – leicht bekleideten 'Schönen Mädchen' (surasundaris) in unterschiedlichen Posen und aus bildhauerischen Gründen stets mit aufgebundenem Haar – begleitet werden. Die etwas breiteren, aber am stärksten zurückgestuften Mittelregister der drei Außenwände des Sanktums präsentieren in der unteren Ebene erotische Szenen aller Art, für die die Tempel von Khajuraho in der ganzen Welt berühmt sind; darüber finden sich 'Himmlische Liebespaare' (mithunas). Die oberste Zone zeigt in der Mitte ein Götterbild mit Begleitfiguren; die seitlichen Dekorfelder (udgamas) zeigen ornamentalen Schmuck bestehend aus neben- und übereinander angeordneten kleinen Fensternischen (chandrasalas).
PLATTFORM
Als einziger Tempel in Khajuraho hat der Lakshmana-Tempel einen weitgehend erhaltenen und die gesamte Plattform umschließenden Figurenfries mit Szenen aus dem höfischen Alltagsleben – Unterricht, Kriegszug, Musikanten, erotisch-sexuelle Liebesszenen etc.; Götterfiguren oder Dämonen sind dagegen hier nicht zu sehen. Die Szenen des etwa in Augenhöhe angebrachten Frieses sind zwar originell, aber von keiner großen handwerklichen oder künstlerischen Meisterschaft.
TEMPEL (AUSSEN)
Während die kleinen Vorhallen außen keinerlei Figurenschmuck besitzen, sind die Eckpfeiler zwischen Vorhalle (mandapa) und Großer Vorhalle (mahamandapa) in zwei Ebenen mit Figuren versehen. Hauptsächlich ist jedoch der Bereich zwischen Großer Vorhalle (mahamandapa) und Sanktum in mehreren Ebenen und überreich mit Figuren besetzt. Hier überwiegen ganz eindeutig Götterfiguren, 'Himmlische Liebespaare' (mithunas) und 'Schöne Mädchen' (surasundaris). Nur die unteren Ebenen der Mittelregister zeigen auch erotisch-sexuelle Szenen; somit ist am Lakshmana-Tempel noch die Hierarchie zwischen der oberen (himmlischen) Ebene und der unteren (erdnahen) Ebene gewahrt.
TEMPEL (INNEN)
Zu den interessantesten und künstlerisch bedeutsamsten Figuren im Innern des Tempels gehören die weiblichen Nymphen (apsaras) an den Streben im Deckenbereich der Großen Vorhalle (mahamandapa); diese zeigen sich in verschiedenen − oft extrem verdrehten − Posen beim Musizieren, beim Ballspiel aber auch beim Entkleiden. In den Wandnischen finden sich diverse Götterfiguren, darunter auch einige nicht (mehr) identifizierbare.
VAIKUNTHA-KULTBILD
Das freiplastisch aus einer großen Steinplatte herausgearbeitete Götterbildnis ist in ganz Indien nahezu einzigartig und zeigt Vishnu/Vaikuntha mit vier zerstörten Armen, so dass keinerlei Attribute mehr vorhanden sind, sowie drei Köpfen (Mensch, Eber und Löwe). Ein rückwärtiger vierter Kopf, der die Universalität Vishnus vervollkommnet hätte, ist nicht ausgeführt; stattdessen findet sich ein in Indien einzigartiger durchbrochener und gezackter Strahlenkranz um Vaikunthas Haupt. Die Figur ist umgeben von einem – aus derselben Steinplatte herausgearbeiteten – Rahmen mit Wächterfiguren sowie Ganga und Yamuna im Sockelbereich und jeweils drei darüber befindlichen vorstehenden Nischen mit Vishnu-Avataras (Matsya, Varaha, Vamana, Kurma, Narasimha, Parashurama). Zwei seitliche Pfeiler mit reichem z. T. freiplastischen Architektur- und Figurendekor und einem doppelten, aus dem aufgerissenene Mäulern von Wasserungeheuern (makaras) hervorquellenden Torana-Bogen als verbindendem oberem Abschluss bilden den äußeren Rahmen des Kultbildes.
BEDEUTUNG
Der Lakshmana-Tempel (ca. 930−950) mit seinen vier hintereinanderliegenden und in der Höhe gestaffelten Bauteilen sowie seiner − im Wesentlichen auf Pfeilern ruhenden − Bauweise gilt als früher Höhepunkt der Chandella-Architektur und war nach seiner Fertigstellung für etliche Jahrzehnte der größte Tempelbau Indiens. Spätere Tempelbauten in Khajuraho wurden von ihm maßgeblich beeinflusst, darunter auch der Kandariya-Mahadeva-Tempel.
Das außergewöhnliche Vaikuntha-Bildnis in der Cella sowie der reiche, beinahe vollplastische Figurenschmuck sind innen wie außen nahezu vollständig erhalten und bezeugen die handwerkliche und künstlerische Meisterschaft der Bildhauer der damaligen Zeit.
Mit seinem mehrteiligen Grundriss, einer von einem Umgang umschlossenen Cella und in Teilen seines Dekors (Balkonbrüstungen mit gedrechselten Säulchen) ist der Lakshmana-Tempel wahrscheinlich direkt beeinflusst von dem ca. 50 Jahre zuvor erbauten, aber insgesamt noch der Pratihara-Architektur zuzurechnenden Maladevi-Tempel in Gyaraspur.
WIKIPEDIA
Air Force Lt. Col. Tyler N. Hague (Nick), 37, calls Hoxie, Kan., home. He is a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, Edwards, Calif. Hague currently is supporting the Department of Defense as Deputy Chief of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization.
Hague was selected as one of eight people for NASA's Group 21.
No idea why the photo is dedicated "To Bob." ;) It definitely is my photo, as the print on the back is from the place I had my pictures made.
Dedicated Home Cinema Room- Anthem MRX 500,Artcoustic 65-50SL 4-2s Speakers, Rako Lighting, Screen Research Screen, JVC X30 3D Projector. Sounding & Looking Amazing!
Germanwings confirmed its flight #4U9525 from Barcelona to Dusseldorf crashed in the French Alps with 144 passengers and six crew members on board.
My thoughts go out to families of the victims :'(
www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/24/us-france-crash-airbus...
Dedicated to the designers, developers and engineers who build the world’s most engaging user interfaces. From the community, for the community.
Foz do Arelho, Portugal.
Dedicated to my Flickr friend Sunset Luísa, wishing you a less stressing year.
The long text below has to do with the Portuguese language and the way we should write "sunset" in Portuguese : "pôr-do-sol", "por-do-sol", "por do sol", "pôr do sol" or "pôr do Sol" ? Believe me or not, there are Portuguese using all those forms - and I shall not tell you about the problems with the plural!
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Dedicada à minha amiga do Flickr Luísa-dos-pores-do-sol, desejando-te um ano menos desgastante.
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Nota para o/a visitante de língua portuguesa, que anda muito baralhado/a
(pois, pois, a maioria das pessoas, professores e tudo, anda no Flickr a escrever "o sol" e não "o Sol", como devia e, se calhar, também me apanham a mim)
Escreve-se "pôr-do-sol" e o plural é "pores-do-sol".
"Pôr" tem acento, para não se confundir com a preposição "por", mas os verbos por si formados (supor, compor, repor, etc.) não têm, pois não são susceptíveis de confusão. Perde o acento no plural. E escreve-se com hífenes, quando nos referimos ao momento do dia e não ao astro em determinada posição. "Sol" passa a "sol com minúscula, porque não se usam maiúsculas entre hífens.
Fontes:
ciberduvidas.sapo.pt/pergunta.php?id=486
ciberduvidas.sapo.pt/pergunta.php?id=541
ciberduvidas.sapo.pt/pergunta.php?id=2845
ciberduvidas.sapo.pt/pergunta.php?id=268 (quanto ao plural)
www.gramaticaonline.com.br/gramaticaonline.asp?menu=3&... (fonte brasileira)
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