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Continuing the Echo Bridge theme of this week, all shots made within one hour of the most scenic conditions possible.
My new addition to the projector lens collection with DIY 3D mounts is a ISCO Projar 2.8/85. Quite useful I would say!
This was taken yesterday, but remains an accurate representation today. My COVID test this morning came out positive, which didn't surprise me. So another week-ish of isolation at home.
One week in -- my symptoms first appeared Sunday night, May 1 -- I'm noticing the fatigue more. And I don't like.
Continuing my personal project to capture images of the various London Theatre Stage Doors. The Theatre Royal is currently home to the smash hit musical 42nd Street.
Continuing my Astro Projection vision...
On a dramatically beautiful sunset last week, I had my out-of-body and lens experience on cityscapes of Toronto... It's always exciting to capture the flow of light particles in whimcical sunset dimensions.
...all brought to you by my manual zoom and ICM magic :-)
Taken on 25 July 2015 and uploaded 22 November 2024.
A brick, seen at Tilbury's 'Clinker Beach' on the north bank of the River Thames.
Eltringham brick works was adjacent to Eltringham Colliery. The brick works seems to have been started prior 1881 and continued to 1970. Eltringham seems to refer to the location rather than the (full) maker's name: Eltringham Sanitary Pipe and Brick Company.
Info at brocross.com - a large database with basic information and photos, very helpful !
[DSC_3951e]
oh, thinking about all younger years
there was only you and me
we were young and wild and free
now nothing can take you away from me
we've been down that road before
but that's over now
you keep me coming back for more*
Baby you're all that I want
When you're lying here in my arms
I'm finding it's hard to believe
We're in heaven
And love is all that I need
And I found it there in your heart
It isn't to hard to see
we're in heaven
Oh, once in your life you find someone
Who will turn your world around
Bring you up when you're feeling down
nothing could chang what you mean to me
there's lost that i could say but just hold me now
Cause our love will light the way
I've been waiting for so long
For something to arrive
For love to come along
Now our dreams are coming true
Through the good times and the bad
I'll be standing there by you...
_________________ heaven________
Verdun (55)
Verdun, officially named Verdun-sur-Meuse from 1801 to 1970, is a French commune located in the department of Meuse, in the Grand Est region. It is also the most populated city in the department, even if it has continued to see its number of inhabitants decrease since the 1970s.
The existence of the Verdun agglomeration dates back to Antiquity when the Celts founded an oppidum overlooking a meander of the Meuse. Having become the capital of the Civitas Verodunensium, the city is one of the four cities of the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. In 843, the Treaty of Verdun which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms was signed there. Verdun was a city of the Holy Roman Empire since the 10th century, but subjugated by France in 1552, during the Voyage of Austrasia. As a fortress in eastern France, the city was the scene of several battles, such as that of 1792 during the French Revolutionary Wars, and that of 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. But it is especially the battle of Verdun of 1916, during the First World War, which makes the city forever famous all over the world.
Verdun was little affected by the industrial revolution of the 19th century, and is now turning to remembrance tourism. The city has many military remains due to its history as a stronghold, as well as several places of memory of the Great War. The city also has a rich religious heritage as the seat of the bishopric of Verdun since the 4th century.
Source: fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun
The "centre mondial de la Paix, des Libertés et des Droits de l'Homme" (World Center for Peace, Freedoms and Human Rights) is a place of exhibition, meeting and reflection for the promotion of peace, freedoms and human rights. Created in 1990, it has been located since 1994 in the former episcopal palace of Verdun, in the department of Meuse, in the Grand Est region.
The "palais épiscopal" was built in the 18th century (from 1725 to 1789) to serve as a prestigious residence for the bishops of Verdun. Acquired by the municipality in 1906 after the separation of Church and State, the building was badly damaged during the Battle of Verdun in 1916. After a major restoration campaign, the bishop was able to return to the premises in 1935. He leaves the palace definitively in 1993 to allow the World Center for Peace to settle there the following year.
The center hosts temporary exhibitions of varying duration, conferences, symposiums and concerts. A wing of the episcopal palace also houses the municipal library.
Continuing my Little Planets theme in frames of Toy-ronto Life series...
It's time to cast my globular magic upon Toy-ronto Planet and start our origami balloon ride too :-)
Join the fun!
More of toy-some Toy-ronto fun is coming next Miniature Sunday - stay tuned! / Bientot a l'ecran!
A note for origami enthusiasts: The diagrams of our origami hot air balloon are published in our Book ORILAND BALLOON RIDE www.oriland.com/store/books/oriland_balloon_ride/main.php
Happy folding!
Continuing my Astro Projection series on maximum WARP!!
Zoom-long exposure travelling in my out-of-body & lens experience on downtown-scapes during Canada Day festivities this summer! It was an exciting 2-stop manual zoom-journey during the long 30 sec exposure, experiencing all these festive city colours, lights and CN Tower's magical projection too...
...all brought to you by my manual zoom / long exposure magic! : )
*It's a SOOC image, manual zooming during long exposure - no processing involved!
Continuing on with this black and white spree I've been going on. This is a re-edit of a black and white I decided to add a bit of color to.
Pictured from left to right: the late Rhamar Fielder, Lord Baron Fielder (before his imprisonment in the Black Mountain), the late Charmos Fielder and the late Trentin Fielder.
When Lord Baron (Born 687AV) was a young prince, and heir to Thronfeld, he always had the desire to travel the world. After years of debate with his father about his duty, he left his home in 705AV and renounced his claim to the throne. He met his wife, Helana in the Western Cities and he continued to travel the world, learning about culture and the art of war until word of the war with the Orcs reached him and he returned to Thronfeld in 722AV. His sons were all born during his travels, his wife died of an illness in 719AV and he rescued Mhumbad from Attonight slavers in 720AV. When he returned to Thronfeld, he refused to take his rightful place as heir and instead chose to take a leadership role in the military as a strategist.
Rhamar 'the Tower' (Born 706AV) always resented his father for renouncing his claim, because he always wanted to be King. His size and strength were legendary, but he lacked in empathy and intellignce. In 727AV after two failed rescue attempts of Harrison Blythe, the husband of the princess left Sir Arthur Guant and countless other soldiers dead, Rhamar declared to the court that Harrison was not worth the loss of life it would take to rescue him. Princess Vianna, in her rage, struck him and forced his face into the embers of a fire in the hall and burned his face. His father Baron was ordered to apologize to his sister and he refused. Baron was then given the choice to see his youngest sons on the front lines or be banished, and so he left his home once more with his 2 sons, leaving Rhamar behind. Rhamar lead another failed mission to rescue his Uncle Harrison and was present at the Sacking of the Storm Hold in 728AV and is presumed dead.
Charmos 'the Thinker' (Born 709AV) was aways more interested in books than anything else. He either followed his older brother around or found quiet places to read. He was devasted when his father took them to the Pale Green Isles and left Rhamar behind. He was always jealous of Mhumbad, because he thought his father showed him favouritism. In 736AV, for unknown reasons, he invited the Eastern raiders to attack his father's property and he killed his brother Trentin. Baron and Mhumbad were imprisoned and tortured in the Black Mountain and Charmos returned to Thronfeld to be a spy for the enemy in the council of his cousin King Davian III. In 738AV, when Baron and Mhumbad escaped prison, they returned to Thronfeld and killed Charmos.
'Small' Trentin (Born 717AV) was always a gifted singer and flute player. He was a kind and empathetic young man and a favourite of the common people. On his nineteenth birthday in 736AV, Eastern raiders attacked his father's land and he was stabbed in the back by his older brother Charmos, which broke his father's heart, forcing his surrender and causing his imprisonment.
Continuing with the Bharani photologue..(.time is short and finite so the posts are more frequent now)
A hamlet band escorts the Oracle / deity dressed up in fiery finery of molten gold and sliken red. This is the progression of the group into the temple complex where offerings will be made and the dance of ecstatic devotion will start with a nip and a tuck from the head to offer the supreme sacrifice of your own blood.( Edit - Inserted here.. The Oracles give token sacrifice of their own blood which comes out when they cut themselves on the head with those sabres/machetes in their hand, )
One temple iin India which is a shocker.You do not have to take off your shoes inside the temple complex.
DSC_7722 sq crop from a VLSF file
In 1949 (the year of my birth), Horsham was a sleepy market town recovering from World War II. Rationing was still in place and would continue until 1954. The population of the Horsham district was circa 60,000. It now stands at circa 150,000. It has increased by 12% in the past 10 years and by 50,000 since 1981. The town seemed to change forever with the arrival in 1965 of the Sun Alliance insurance group and its five storey office building. We hadn’t seen anything above two storeys until then.
Although the new money brought in by Sun Alliance led to some improvements in the town, it has lost a lot of its charm. For instance, North Street (where the Sun Alliance building is located) used to house the Fire Station, a doctor’s surgery, a great record shop and my first dentist! All now long gone as is St. Mark’s church, only the spire remains.
Speaking of dentists, my first dentist was called Lancelot (yes, Lancelot) Bufton. A visit to his surgery filled you with dread. His instruments of torture surrounding the chair resembling those cranes you now see on top of skyscrapers under construction. That is when they were still using gas to knock you out!
The pavement on one side of North Street was raised about two feet above the surface of the road, a throwback to the times before tarmac when the road would be a sea of mud. The raised pavement allowed pedestrians to reach their destination relatively unscathed.
The fields where I used to roam free with my mates are now all covered with new housing. I guess we were lucky that we were able to roam free. Seems it’s not possible these days.
The photos in my collage focus on the older parts of the town that still mean a lot to me. The Bear Inn was my sometime local in the sixties. At the time you could get eight pints of bitter (King & Barnes, brewed in Horsham) for £1. Mind you I was only earning about £6 per week. All relative. We were married in the Town Hall.
Horsham. My home town.
The Grade I Listed Bishop's Palace, Wells, Somerset.
Construction began around 1210 by Bishop Jocelin of Wells but principally dates from 1230. Bishop Jocelin continued the cathedral building campaign begun by Bishop Reginald Fitz Jocelin, and was responsible for building the Bishop's Palace, as well as the choristers' school, a grammar school, a hospital for travellers and a chapel within the liberty of the cathedral. The chapel and great hall were built between 1275 and 1292 for Bishop Robert Burnell. The windows had stone tracery. Stone bosses where the supporting ribs meet on the ceiling are covered with representations of oak leaves and the Green Man. The building is seen as a fine example of the Early English architectural style.
In the 14th century, Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury continued the building. He had an uneasy relationship with the citizens of Wells, partly because of his imposition of taxes, and surrounded his palace with crenellated walls, a moat and a drawbridge. The 5 metres (16 ft) high three-storey gatehouse, which dates from 1341, has a bridge over the moat. The entrance was protected by a heavy gate, portcullis and drawbridge, operated by machinery above the entrance, and spouts through which defenders could pour scalding liquids onto any attacker. The drawbridge was still operational in 1831 when it was closed after word was received that the Palace of the Bishop of Bristol was subject to an arson attack during the Bristol riots. These took place after the House of Lords rejected the second Reform Bill. The proposal had aimed to get rid of some of the rotten boroughs and give Britain's fast growing industrial towns such as Bristol, Manchester, Birmingham, Bradford and Leeds greater representation in the House of Commons; however there was no rioting in Wells. The water which filled the moat flowed from the springs in the grounds which had previously chosen its own course as a small stream separating the cathedral and the palace and causing marshy ground around the site. The moat acted as a reservoir, controlled by sluice gates, which powered watermills in the town.
The north wing (now the Bishop's House) was added in the 15th century by Bishop Beckington, with further modifications in the 18th century, and in 1810 by Bishop Beadon. It was restored, divided, and the upper storey added by Benjamin Ferrey between 1846 and 1854. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1548, Bishop Barlow sold Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset the palace and grounds. These were recovered after the Duke's execution in 1552.
In the 1550s, Bishop Barlow sold the lead from the roofs of the great hall. This resulted in it falling into a ruined state. It can be seen in an engraving of 1733 but was largely demolished around 1830 by Bishop Law. He created a "more picturesque ruin" by removing the south and east walls and laying out and planting the area previously occupied by the great hall. The palace was used as a garrison for troops in both the English Civil War and Monmouth Rebellion after which it was used as a prison for rebels after the Battle of Sedgemoor.
Bishop Kidder was killed during the Great Storm of 1703, when two chimney stacks in the palace fell on him and his wife, while they were asleep in bed. A central porch was added around 1824 and, in the 1840s and 1850s, Benjamin Ferrey restored the palace and added an upper storey. He also restored the chapel using stained glass from ruined French churches.
The palace now belongs to the Church Commissioners and is managed and run by The Palace Trust. The main palace is open to the public, including the medieval vaulted undercroft, chapel and a long gallery, although the Bishops House is still used as a residence and offices. There is a cafe overlooking the Croquet Lawn. The palace is licensed for weddings and used for conferences and meetings. The croquet lawn in front of the palace is used on a regular basis. The palace was used as a location for some of the scenes in the 2007 British comedy Hot Fuzz, and more recently in the 2016 film The Huntsman.
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Worn~
Lelutka Billie
ebody Reborn
[coconut.]chae skin/icey tone
Sunday, 16 February 2020: our temperature this morning is -7C (windchill -9C). Sunrise is at 7:47 am, and sunset is at 5:54 pm. Forecast is for partly cloudy with a few snow flurries into the afternoon.
After my complicated, time-consuming drive in the city two days ago, yesterday, 15 February 2020, was another challenge. A group of friends was meeting at Griffith Woods for a morning birding walk. I had avoided several previous walks there, as I knew that I would have to face the absolute nightmare of road construction that side of the city. They are building a massive Ring Road around the whole city. This is causing an absolute nightmare for drivers, to put it very mildly, and will take a few years to complete.
Most of my drive would be on familiar roads, but I knew the last part would not be pleasant. They desperately need some new road signs and signs that are accurate. On the drive to the park, I found myself in the wrong lane, heading north on Sarcee Trail. Thankfully, there was no traffic coming towards me, and I was able to cut through some muddy ground and large, orange barrels and quickly continue in the opposite direction. I couldn't tell where I was going - the whole landscape has changed - and was so relieved when I saw a sign pointing to the road to the park.
Our walk gave us a few very nice sightings, with a male Three-toed Woodpecker being the highlight. It was a long way away, so I don't know how someone was able to spot it. It was also good to see a Tundra Swan hanging out with a group of Canada Geese in the creek. A lone White-tailed Deer female was a happy sight to see, too.
After our very enjoyable walk, I arranged to follow friend, Tony, out of the whole area, as I knew I would never be able to find the correct roads. Thanks to a sign that said "South Sarcee", we found ourselves heading north on that road. My friend kept driving further and further north, and I suddenly wondered if I might be following the wrong car! A few more roads and turns and I was more than happy to see familiar Crowchild Trail. Shortly after reaching home, an email arrived, about the "scenic route home". No kidding, ha! At least now, if I ever tried getting to this park again, which is highly unlikely, I would have some idea of how to get home.
Continued wanders around Lincoln....
Taken with Hasselblad 501cm and 80mm Planar *t CB lens, on Ilford HP5 Plus at 400asa and developed in Ilford ID-11 (1+1) for 13 minutes. Digitised with Epson v550 and SilverFast®8 (SE) software at 3200ppi.
I took this photo on last year's Easter Friday at St. Patrick's Basilica. I saw this lady about a block away. She was struggling with her walk because of her disability. Every 10 or so paces, she had to stop to rest or to kneel. Passers by offered to help but she refused. She insisted to continue on with her own strength. As she entered the church I hesitated to take a picture but I must capture her dedication and devotion.
I decided to process the photo a year later, to look at the photo with a fresh min, to make sure it purely centers on documenting a moment of her life, with dignity and respect.
Rolleiflex Automat MX Zeiss Tessar f/3,5
Ilford Delta 400, TMAX Developer 1:4, CanoScan 9000F
Continuing our itinerary around North West Germany on our tandem. A few days travelling the Moseltal.
Continuing with views taken in an old friend's garden who was a keen gardener but ill health is stopping him looking after the garden. This shows a fine display of colour to good effect. These were taken using a Leica M6 using Kodacolor 200.
With the Fourth of July festivities continuing through the weekend, the fireworks show du jour for Saturday, July 6th was in Amboy, IL. Amboy was chosen specifically for the proximity of the Amboy Depot Museum, and specifically the steam locomotive, to the fireworks. The Depot Museum used to be the division headquarters of Illinois Central Railroad's original mainline from Galena to Cairo. The Charter Line has direct ties to Abraham Lincoln, but got subsequently downgraded after the IC built a branch line to a sleepy little town named Chicago. Renamed the "Gruber Line" in it's later years, the line was abandoned in the early 1980s.
Meanwhile, the steam locomotive that now resides here is one of the last operating steam locomotives in everyday revenue service. Now on static display, ole' 8376 is an 0-8-0 built in 1929 as a switcher for the Grand Trunk Western RR.
When it and her sisters were sent to scrap at Northwestern Steel and Wire in Sterling, IL, they liked them so much they decided to keep them. The steamers remained operational until late 1980, when the fires were dropped for good shortly after the passing of NWS&W's owner. This particular locomotive was brought out of storage, restored, and officially re-commissioned in 1976, as NWS&W #76, making it the last steam engine to be commissioned for regular freight service (industrial switching) in America.
I continue my emigre project, previous stories can be viewed by tagging - #emigrationisraelproject
They arrived in Israel in March 2022
Oksana is a psychotherapist and psychotherapist, a specialist in eating disorders.
Fedor is an art-construction engineer and a creator of scientific exhibits.
Petya and Varya go to school and learn Hebrew. They like the school. Especially nice that the loading in the school is small. Petya plays rugby, and Varya does gymnastics. Recently, Petya went to a scout camp for two days, and his parents missed him.
They teach language and build all processes anew. It is both difficult and interesting at the same time.
Bangladesh is going through a difficult period of time- the country has seen more hartals than regular days in the past few weeks.
This series of strikes are affecting the general mass, hampering business like never before, creating hysteria in the minds of the people.
GEC Circle.Chittagong.
Continuing my low-light experiment. Not sharp enough here, but I otherwise liked the colours and comp so decided to keep it anyways.
Continuing to add "new" (to me) organ works to learn to play in the run-up to his Christmas Day birthday, Billy has chosen to learn Dubois's Noël (12 Pièces nouvelles pour orgue, No. 7). Listen to David Lamb's performance on the Cavaillé Coll organ of St. Etienne Abbey, Caen, France (via Hauptwerk):
Bones surround us now...
We had continued on for only a short while before stopping to rest. There was no way to tell what time it was in the sunless cavern, but I was beginning to feel very tired, and I estimated it was at least past sunset. So I called to Djiimi that we were going to stop and sleep a little. I had picked an ideal-looking spot close to the tunnel wall that would guard our backs. We sat down and I began to prepare some more rope to secure Djiimi to a nearby stalagmite when something in the distance caught my eye. I couldn't make it out though; the lighting in the tunnel was terrible, as there were only a few of the glowing crystals left, and all of them were on the ceiling (Out of the worm's reach, I guessed).
“Hold on,” I said, “I'm going to check that out.”
We got up and walked a few yards over to the strange mound. It appeared to be a giant semi-opaque purple pod sticking out of the ground. It was cone shaped and big enough to fit a person inside...I glimpsed a pale form inside and gasped as I was faced by a skull through the dull clear surface. I raced over to Djiimi and slipped her gag off.
“Is that...HER?” I asked, panicked.
“No, you can tell that's a male skeleton by the contours around the jaw bone and-”
“Okay! All I needed to know,” I said hastily, replacing her gag before she tried anything. Her despondent voice disturbed me. She sounded-broken, as if she didn't have any happiness left in her. Even when I tied her up she retained a little of her ever-present cheerfulness...
We walked back to the chosen resting place and I finished the odious duty of tying Djiimi to the stalagmite. Then I settled down to sleep. I felt guilty for wasting time sleeping when Quane was in mortal danger, but my tiredness dragged me down and my common sense helped it by assuring me I would be useless in saving Quane if I was too tired. My eyelids slid into place and blissful peace overtook me...
Orrid...
I loved you...
And now we're doomed and you're dead and...No!
I just hope they don't do to me what they'll do to Reldan...
I hope they kill me.
[I continue uploading photographs from my “Grand Tour 2022”, a 10-day road trip around France undertaken at the beginning of June 2022.]
Continuing our visit of the Benedictine abbey in Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne, founded in 855 by local lord Raoul (or Rodolfus) de Turenne. To further warrant the development of the budding abbey, Raoul gifted it the relics of three saints, Prime, Félicien and Félicité, which he had obtained in Rome. During the Middle Ages, the veneration for saintly relics was such that possession of them would guarantee a steady flow of pilgrims. Very few of those were wealthy (although some were), but their sheer numbers created richness wherever they congregated, regardless of the amount spent individually by each pilgrim. Additionally, the abbey was on a side itinerary to Compostela, although not on one of the main routes, which also brought a steady inflow of pilgrims who needed to be sheltered for the night and fed.
The abbey church as we see it now was begun in the early 1100s and replaced an earlier one. Parts from the 800s and 900s still remain. Listed very early on as a Historic Landmark in 1843, the church was strongly influenced by architectural traits from the neighboring province of Limousin. It was affiliated with Cluny in 1076, which is certainly what prompted the design and erection of a new, larger church, which consequently retains many characteristics of Cluniac architecture and art as well.
During this “Grand Tour” of 2022, I visited at least half a dozen first-class masterpieces of Romanesque architecture and art, and Beaulieu ranks easily among them, even though it is probably the less well-known.
These three high reliefs have been attached to the façade of the southern porch in modern days. No one knows where they were supposed to be originally. They illustrate some of the Sins: on the left, Gluttony with the empty plate; in the center, Avarice holding its full purse; and on the right, Lust with a female body bitten by a toad and a pair of snakes.
Once again, continuing the New Orleans to Atlanta rail journey on the Southern Crescent, we are still somewhere between Birmingham and Atlanta. The bracket signal and signal box are again distinctive but I'm not sure where we were when I took this shot. Any ideas?
On the curve we get a good view of the 4 EMD E8 diesels, 6904 & 6903 leading, at the head of our train.
Looking up Michaelgate towards the Grade I Listed Lincoln Cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of Lincoln, in Lincoln, Lincolnshire.
Building commenced in 1088 and continued in several phases throughout the medieval period. It was reputedly the tallest building in the world for 238 years (1311–1549) before the central spire collapsed in 1549 and was not rebuilt. It is highly regarded by architectural scholars; the eminent Victorian writer John Ruskin declared: "I have always held... that the cathedral of Lincoln is out and out the most precious piece of architecture in the British Isles and roughly speaking worth any two other cathedrals we have."
Remigius de Fécamp, the first bishop of Lincoln, moved the Episcopal seat there between 1072 and 1092. Up until then St. Mary's Church in Stow was considered to be the "mother church" of Lincolnshire (although it was not a cathedral, because the seat of the diocese was at Dorchester Abbey in Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire).
Bishop Remigius built the first Lincoln Cathedral on the present site, finishing it in 1092 and then dying on 9 May of that year, two days before it was consecrated. In 1141, the timber roofing was destroyed in a fire. Bishop Alexander rebuilt and expanded the cathedral, but it was mostly destroyed by an earthquake about forty years later, in 1185. The earthquake was one of the largest felt in the UK. The damage to the cathedral is thought to have been very extensive: The Cathedral is described as having "split from top to bottom"; in the current building, only the lower part of the west end and of its two attached towers remain of the pre-earthquake cathedral.
After the earthquake, a new bishop was appointed. He was Hugh de Burgundy of Avalon, France, who became known as St Hugh of Lincoln. He began a massive rebuilding and expansion programme. Rebuilding began with the choir and the eastern transepts between 1192 and 1210. The central nave was then built in the Early English Gothic style. Until 1549 the spire was reputedly the tallest medieval tower in Europe, though the exact height has been a matter of debate.
The two large stained glass rose windows, the matching Dean's Eye and Bishop's Eye, were added to the cathedral during the late Middle Ages. The former, the Dean's Eye in the north transept dates from the 1192 rebuild begun by St Hugh, finally being completed in 1235.
After the additions of the Dean's eye and other major Gothic additions it is believed some mistakes in the support of the tower occurred, for in 1237 the main tower collapsed. A new tower was soon started and in 1255 the Cathedral petitioned Henry III to allow them to take down part of the town wall to enlarge and expand the Cathedral, including the rebuilding of the central tower and spire.
In 1290 Eleanor of Castile died and King Edward I of England decided to honour her, his Queen Consort, with an elegant funeral procession. After her body had been embalmed, which in the 13th century involved evisceration, Eleanor's viscera were buried in Lincoln cathedral, and Edward placed a duplicate of the Westminster tomb there.
Can face masks help slow the spread of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19? Yes. Face masks combined with other preventive measures, such as getting vaccinated, frequent hand-washing and physical distancing, can help slow the spread of the virus. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends fabric masks for the general public. People who haven’t been fully vaccinated should continue to wear face masks in indoor public places and outdoors where there is a high risk of COVID-19 transmission, such as crowded events or large gatherings. The CDC says that N95 masks should be reserved for health care providers. How do the different types of masks work? Medical masks Also called surgical masks, these are loosefitting disposable masks. They're meant to protect the wearer from contact with droplets and sprays that may contain germs. A medical mask also filters out large particles in the air when the wearer breathes in. To make medical masks more form-fitting, knot the ear loops where they attach to the mask. Then fold and tuck the unneeded material under the edges.
An N95 mask is a type of respirator. It offers more protection than a medical mask does because it filters out both large and small particles when the wearer inhales. Because N95 masks have been in short supply, the CDC has said they should be reserved for health care providers. Health care providers must be trained and pass a fit test before using an N95 mask. Like surgical masks, N95 masks are intended to be disposable. However, researchers are testing ways to disinfect and reuse them. Some N95 masks, and even some cloth masks, have valves that make them easier to breathe through. Unfortunately, these masks don't filter the air the wearer breathes out. For this reason, they've been banned in some places. A cloth mask is intended to trap respiratory droplets that are released when the wearer talks, coughs or sneezes. It also acts as a barrier to protect the wearer from inhaling droplets released by others.
The most effective cloths masks are made of multiple layers of tightly woven fabric like cotton. A mask with layers will stop more droplets from getting through your mask or escaping from it. How to get the most from your mask; The effectiveness of cloth and medical masks can be improved by ensuring that the masks are well fitted to the contours of your face to prevent leakage of air around the masks' edges. Masks should be snug over the nose, mouth and chin, with no gaps. You should feel warm air coming through the front of the mask when you breathe out. You shouldn't feel air coming out under the edges of the mask. Masks that have a bendable nose strip help prevent air from leaking out of the top of the mask. Some people choose to wear a disposable mask under their cloth mask. In that case, the cloth mask should press the edges of the disposable mask against the face. Don't add layers if they make it hard to breathe or obstruct your vision. Proper use, storage and cleaning of masks also affects how well they protect you. Follow these steps for putting on and taking off your mask: Wash or sanitize your hands before and after putting on your mask. Place your mask over your mouth and nose and chin. Tie it behind your head or use ear loops. Make sure it's snug.,Don't touch your mask while wearing it. If you accidentally touch your mask, wash or sanitize your hands. If your mask becomes wet or dirty, switch to a clean one. Put the used mask in a sealable bag until you can get rid of it or wash it. Remove the mask by untying it or lifting off the ear loops without touching the front of the mask or your face.
Wash your hands immediately after removing your mask.
Regularly wash cloth masks in the washing machine or by hand. (They can be washed along with other laundry.)
And don't forget these precautions: Don't put masks on anyone who has trouble breathing or is unconscious or otherwise unable to remove the mask without help. Don't put masks on children under 2 years of age. Don't use face masks as a substitute for physical distancing. What about face shields? The CDC doesn't recommend using face shields instead of masks because it's unclear how much protection shields provide. However, wearing a face mask may not be possible in every situation. If you must use a face shield instead of a mask, choose one that wraps around the sides of your face and extends below your chin.
Do you still need to wear a facemask after you’re fully vaccinated? After you're fully vaccinated, the CDC recommends that it's ok not to wear a mask except where required by a rule or law. However, if you are in an area with a high number of new COVID-19 cases in the last week, the CDC recommends wearing a mask indoors in public and outdoors in crowded areas or when you are in close contact with unvaccinated people. If you are fully vaccinated and have a condition or are taking medications that weaken your immune system, you may need to keep wearing a mask. You're considered fully vaccinated 2 weeks after you get a second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine or 2 weeks after you get a single dose of the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. In the U.S., everyone also needs to wear a mask while on planes, buses, trains and other forms of public transportation. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends medical masks for health care workers as well as for anyone who has or may have COVID-19 or who is caring for someone who has or may have COVID-19.``
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The Covid-19 pandemic seems to have sorted us into three types based on our attitudes toward masking: Call them nervous maskers, never-maskers and uncertain maskers. The first feel guilty or nervous about unmasking, so they tend to default to wearing masks; the second feel angry and resentful about being told to mask, so they often refuse entirely. And the third group is just trying to do the right thing without a lot of certainty one way or another. Winter is coming, with its continued battles against delta or mu or another variant. We have better protections now (vaccinations, natural antibodies) but also are returning to higher-risk environments (nightclubs, offices, schools). To complicate matters, there are additional factors to consider such as waning immunity from vaccines and the potential of a bad flu season.
Fortunately, there have been a number of important studies on the efficacy of masking over the past 18 months. The good news is that the research suggests most of us can actually de-mask without guilt or worry in many instances — and not just outdoors. It tells us, for example, that plexiglass dividers are in most cases useless or worse. But relaxed refuseniks need a rethink, too — we shouldn’t be ditching masks entirely. On the contrary, the more people adopt a policy of tactical masking, taking situational factors into account, the lower the infection risk and the more freedoms we can enjoy again. As the probability of infection increases, mask wearers lower the risk of catching the virus compared with no masking. For N95 or FFP2 masks, the protection is far greater. Note: Relative reduction in risk-of-infection figures are for an infection probability of 4%.
It’s no wonder we’re either nervous, angry or confused about masks when you consider how masking guidance and conventions have been all over the map. It seems amazing now that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization and various governments had warned against using masks in the early days of the pandemic. When Thomas Nitzsche, mayor of Jena, Germany, made the decision to require masks in public in early April 2020, his city became one of the first to do so. Infections dropped by up to 75% over the next few weeks. In May, the CDC said fully vaccinated people no longer needed to wear masks in most public settings. Two months later, as delta variant cases rose, the CDC revised that guidance. Now seven U.S. states — Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon and Washington — require most people to wear masks indoors in public places. Some states, including Texas and Florida, bar local authorities from imposing Covid-19 restrictions, including mask-wearing. In places that view masking as an affront to liberty, university professors can’t even ask students to wear masks during office hours without putting their jobs at risk. In England, there was a general lifting of restrictions in July, though U.K. Health Secretary Sajid Javid said last week that masking may become mandatory again in some indoor settings this winter, depending mainly on whether hospitalizations from Covid spike. While masks are required on public transport, I’d say about half or fewer comply during my journeys. Many offices require workers to mask while walking around, but few Tory lawmakers are wearing them in the House of Commons. Scotland still requires masks to be worn in shops and restaurants while not seated, as well as on public transport. Berlin requires the medical-grade FFP2 masks on public transport. Certain regions of France also have masking requirements in place. But if you care about what the evidence says (and some people don’t), the jury is in: Masks help a lot. Take, for example, the study that shows most U.S. states that had high mask usage in one month avoided high Covid rates in the subsequent month, even after adjusting for masking policy, social-distancing policy and demographic factors. The majority of states with low mask usage ended up with high Covid case rates. Note: Low mask adherence means states that fall below the 25th percentile; high adherence are those states above the 75th percentile. Study analyzed data from April to October 2020.
The largest study yet on the effectiveness of masking, posted online in pre-print earlier this month, was a randomize trial conducted in 600 villages across Bangladesh covering a population of more than 340,000 adults. It offered strong evidence that masks, and surgical masks in particular, reduce virus transmission. Researchers found that a 29 percentage-point increase in mask adoption led to an 11% reduction in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, where surgical masks were distributed; and a 35% reduction in people over 60. Symptom reductions using surgical masks were not statistically significant in younger age groups. While vaccines have largely broken the link between infections and hospitalizations (and death), they haven’t eliminated the need for mask-wearing. Data released last week showed that two doses of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine were 67% effective against delta-variant infections (compared with 80% for two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech’s). Infections can still be nasty; long Covid remains another reason for vigilance. Not only can fully vaccinated people catch and transmit the virus, but it is unvaccinated adults who are more mask-resistant. Since it’s estimated that around half of all transmissions come from asymptomatic persons, masks are still key to preventing infections. But masking shouldn’t be performative, as it often is with those uncertain maskers who just want to show they are being thoughtful. Which masks we wear, and especially how they fit, is important. Mind the Gap . While N95s offer a higher level of protection, a well-fitted surgical mask blocks most particles.
More particles get through mask; Of course, not all masks are created equal, as a recent study published in the journal Nature highlighted. The authors measured the thermal behavior of face masks in real time during inhalation and exhalation to determine the relationship between the fabric structure of the masks and their performance. Their experiment helped shed light on how aerosol-containing bacteria and coronaviruses penetrate three different kinds of masks — reusable face masks, disposable surgical masks and the N95 — and how we can evaluate air filtration performance.Reusable masks have longer, thicker fibers with a larger average pore diameter. Unsurprisingly, they have
higher levels of permeability, with the surgical mask coming second, followed by the F95 (similar to the FFP2 in Europe). Those findings should even help manufacturers create a new generation of masks that offer more breathability while also improving filtration. The CDC doesn’t recommend scarves and other headwear because they tend to be made from loosely woven fabrics. Loosely Denser fabrics such as cotton with a 600 thread count compared with cotton that is woven with 80 threads per inch, are much more effective. Mixed fabrics also tend to have better results. A study on masks with and without gaps shows that leaks can significantly reduce their effectiveness. In addition to materials, layering them can also improve efficacy. New lab evidence on different kinds of masks showed that a three-ply surgical mask blocked 42% of particles from a simulated cough; a three-ply cloth mask was pretty similar. But the protection jumped to 92% when a cloth mask was worn over a surgical mask. Comfort is important to being able to wear a mask for long periods of time. In addition to metal nose-bridge strips that can help a mask stay on better, straps that tie behind the head and mask extenders can help reduce soreness around the ears. Insertable filters can be replaced when masks get wet.
Masks will also help prevent more vaccine-resistant variants from emerging as well as higher rates of flu infections, which can also cause serious illness and even death. Even so, the research strips away some of the mask myths and can help all categories of maskers — nervous, nevers and uncertains — be more tactical and aware. To know whether a mask is a must-have, a good idea or entirely superfluous, check the risk factors the way you might a weather report in the mountains: How densely packed and how well-ventilated is the space you are entering? Will you be moving around or stationary? It’s certainly good to mask up in an elevator or on public transport where people are pretty close together. It’s probably not necessary in an open-planned, well-ventilated office, provided people observe a measure of social distancing. Then be mindful of the infection and vaccination rates where you are. If you are in Broward County, Florida, where 70% of over-18s are vaccinated, you’d be justified in having a more relaxed approach; drive next door to Glades County, where only 31% are vaccinated and infection rates are high, and you’ll want to be more vigilant. Similarly only 16% of over-65s in King County, Texas, are vaccinated compared with 70% next door in Knox County, where the CDC recommends even vaccinated people mask. By moving beyond the “hygiene theater” of practices that don’t offer much benefit while also accepting that there are many different levels of risk tolerance and factors that increase or lower situational risk, we can treat masking a little like checking the weather forecast. Some days require a little more covering up than others.
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