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Founded in 1906, Mesa Verde National Park was created to conserve and protect the Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites and cliff dwellings within the present-day park on the sides and top of a large tree-covered cuesta, known as Mesa Verde, that rises approximately 1,500 feet (785 meters) above the surrounding canyons and valleys, with rugged canyons cutting through the cuesta, lined with sandstone cliffs and ledges.
The area was inhabited by indigenous people for thousands of years prior to the rise of the Ancestral Puebloan culture, whom developed villages and farmsteads within what is today Mesa Verde National Park beginning around the year 750, with the structures built by the Ancestral Puebloans growing in complexity and durability, especially due to contact with the nearby culture centered around Chaco Canyon. The famous cliff dwellings for which the area is famous, however, were built between approximately 1020 and 1260, especially after a major drought in the region between 1130 and 1180, which led to a major migration of people from Chaco Canyon to Mesa Verde. The people of Chaco Canyon brought their culture, construction techniques, and goods with them, which is evident at archaeological sites on the cuesta.
The area began to depopulate between 1260 and 1285 due to environmental conditions becoming less favorable, with the people of Mesa Verde moving to the lowlands of what is today New Mexico and Arizona, with many founding or joining Pueblo settlements in these regions that still exist today. The stone houses were left to the elements, and were left uninhabited, only remembered by the descendants of the Ancestral Puebloans and the other indigenous groups who called the area home, most notably the Utes.
The ancient ruins were discovered by European-Americans in 1873, and were documented between 1875 and 1888, with various cliff dwellings and archaeological sites being relatively well-preserved and recognizable to explorers, archaeologists, and scientists whom visited the modern-day park. However, the removal of artifacts from the cuesta became a major concern, and efforts began in 1889 to protect the area as a National Park.
The park covers an area of 82 square miles (212 square kilometers), and features multiple Ancestral Puebloan and other indigenous archaeological sites, and was taken from the Ute people, with land being taken from the Utes after the establishment of the park to expand its borders. The park long struggled with proper interpretation and inclusion of the voices of the Puebloan people, whose ancestors built the ancient dwellings and lived at what are today archaeological sites, with work presently ongoing to redress these issues.
The ruins at the park underwent reconstitution and stabilization between 1908 and 1922, with extensive work being done on Spruce Tree House, Cliff Palace, and Sun Temple. Further work was carried out by the New Deal-era Civilian Conservation Corps starting in 1932 and extending through World War II, which included the construction of various park facilities for visitors and staff, and constructing roads atop the cuesta. The Wetherill Mesa ruins, meanwhile, were stabilized with work being carried out between 1958 and 1965, coinciding with the construction of the Far View accommodations atop the cuesta to the east.
The park today features a modern entrance road from US Highway 160, which climbs up the rugged slopes at the north end of the park to the top of the cuesta, stretching across the top of the cuesta to the south, where it connects to various roads that allow visitors to access the overlooks and trails for various cliff dwellings and archaeological sites on Chapin Mesa and Wetherill Mesa. Two areas of tourist accommodation also exist at Far View in the northern section of the park, and the administrative district at Spruce Tree Point at the southern end of the park.
The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966, and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. Today, the park sees over half a million visitors annually, and continues to preserve and maintain the ancient structures built by the Ancestral Puebloans.
"E" prior to conservation. The dark plate across the bottom of the letter was added at some point while the sign was still on display atop the Chase Hotel.
Cuyahoga Valley National Park conserves and reclaims the rural landscape along the Cuyahoga River between Akron and Cleveland in Northeast Ohio's Cuyahoga and Summit counties.
The 32,572-acre (50.9 square mile) park is administered by the National Park Service, but within its boundaries are areas independently managed as county parks or as public or private businesses. Cuyahoga Valley was originally designated as a National Recreation Area in 1974, then redesignated as a national park 26 years later in 2000, and remains the only national park that originated as a national recreation area.
Cuyahoga Valley is the only national park in the state of Ohio and one of three in the Great Lakes Basin, with Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior and Indiana Dunes National Park bordering Lake Michigan. Cuyahoga Valley also differs from the other national parks in the U.S. in that it is adjacent to two large urban areas and it includes a dense road network, small towns, and public and private attractions.
Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park
Wood-conserving stoves are saving thousands of trees, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and greatly improving women's and children's health in Central America. Utilizing up to 50% less wood as a “traditional” open pit fireplace and reducing the amount of smoke and black carbon in the home, the wood-conserving stoves (or Justa stoves) being implemented by SHI are a radical and healthy change. Traditionally, the walls and roofs of rural homes in Central America would be caked with black soot, while smoke being inhaled by women and children would be the equivalent of smoking 2 to 5 packs of cigarettes per day. Such traditional stoves, notorious for consuming large amounts of wood, are also a main cause of respiratory infections, tuberculosis, eye disease and more. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.6 million deaths around the world were associated with indoor air pollution or the burning of biomass as cooking fuel.
Using a combination of bricks and adobes, the wood conserving stoves being installed by SHI Field Trainers and participants have been known to:
-Cut wood consumption by up to 50%
-Reduce indoor smoke by 90%, thus reducing carbon monoxide and particulate matter
-Save an average of 1.5 tons of carbon emissions per year (according to tests conducted by Trees, Water, People)
More info and how you can contribute: www.sustainableharvest.org/techniques/wood-conserving-stoves
President Van Rompuy pledged his support for conserving biodiversity by signing the event book. Participants also inaugurated a monument for biodiversity. Watch a video synopsis
tvnewsroom.consilium.europa.eu/story/index/story_id/15346...
Conserved ruins of a late 13th Century castle on a hill in a long and tight valley. The builders formerly colonized western Bohemia, and when they secured eastern Bohemia, they built new castles which they named after those in the West, there is also another Litice Castle (almost non-existent today). This castle mas a major strongpoint in the area for the next centuries, besieged and damaged in 1421, rebuilt and extended after 1450. It lost importance in the 16th Century, only the most basic personal maintained it, it´s seen as half demolished on a 1657 illustration, and last repairs were made in 1681. The northern palace was saved when it got a new roof in 1776, but the southern palace was left to it´s faith. Conservations of the remaining buildings and walls were done between 1890 and 1935, the preserved remains show that it was indeed a well built and durable fortress. The ruin was closed for some years due bad statics in the 1980´s, and reopened only after basic stabilization, a palace wall partially collapsed in 2015 and the castle still needs rescue efforts.
Conserve Water! Do your part to help save our water and make our plant a better and healthier place to live!
Get more tips: www.facebook.com/windriverenvironmental
Septic Pumping Service Plymouth, MA
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Marion Karl visits her forested property in Cooperstown, N.Y., on May 21, 2015. Karl’s 173 acres are in a conservation easement with the Otsego Land Trust, and she hikes through it almost daily to take in a view of Otsego Lake. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)
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Kew's Millennium Seed Bank partnership celebrates banking its 24,200th species, a Yunnan banana seed - a pink wild banana from China which is an important staple for wild Asian elephants (Musa itinerans). Royal Botanical Gardens Kew is celebrating collecting, banking and conserving 10% of the world's wild plant species. Kew's Millennium Seed Bank, Wakehurst Place, East Sussex. Petri dishes in the Germination Room. October 15, 2009. Photo: Edmond Terakopian
Combining the power of the Clean and Conserve Education Program and the Project WET International Network, 40 Ecolab Argentina employees worked with Project WET Argentina partner Asociación de Amigos de la Patagonia (AAP) to help more than 300 students better understand water conservation and hygiene. This event was held during the first Corporate Volunteering Day in Argentina, part of their ECOLABorar corporate social responsibility program.
La façana d'aquest colmado del carrer Còrsega conforma una mena de mapa de marques, un deliciós lloc on perdre's. No recomanat per a abstemis.
Many people will be familiar with the name of Wilkin and their jams, still made in Tiptree in Essex and considered to be amongst the best. The company has its origins in this, the Britannia Fruit Preserving Co. Ltd. that was formed by Arthur Charles Wilkin in 1885 to exploit fruit farming in the fertile soils of Essex, north of London. The company prospered, aided by the growth of the railway network, and became known in both UK and overseas markets.
This is the 1901 price list and it shows the range of conserves (produced from fruit grown locally, usually by Wilkin's) and preserves (made from 'foreign' fruit that may have been partly prepared abroad) as well as various marmalades, preserved fruits and sauces. Much was made of the fact that Wilkin's, as they still do, grew most of the fruit necessary on their own farms and these were situated at Tiptree as well as further afield within the county such as at Feering and Dagenham. The later was known for being market gardens before the LCC's massive housing estate and industries such as Ford's encroached on the rural fields of Essex in post-WW1 days.
The catalogue also lists some fine hampers and casks, that gave a range of the company's products at prices ranging from 5/- to £2 2/-. The Family Cask, the Export Case and the Manager's Box all sound glorious!
sasrai-Movement’s sasrai Day, Earth Day, World Environment Day Slogan
If resources are preserved, happiness will be conserved.
Saving resources mean - saving the planet.
Use renewable fuels - reduce global warming.
Consume local Product - contribute to environmental preservation.
Eat more native fruits, plant more native trees
Save environment and nature – save happiness of the future generation.
Keep rivers, lakes, ponds, water body Clean - fill life with happiness
Make sure environment is healthy, ensure smooth development.
Plant native trees - in Country, Community, towns, ports and cities
Make sure environment is green, ensure pure peace.
Clogging hill cutting will stop water logging.
Stop building heaps of polythene bags – start building clean city
Elderly, children and youngster will be preserving everywhere.
In workplace, society and family, everyone will be environment friendly.
We will be preserving – happiness will be everlasting.
sasrai-Movement series Presentation in Observance of sasrai Day, Earth Day, Faith Climate Action Week, World Health Day, World Environment Day
sasrai Day –01 Boishakh/April 14 Appeal
Save Forest – Save Water – Save Earth & Life ensure Habitable Earth for Each
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Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish declined 52%
56 acres of Planet’s forests destroyed every minute
Half of Planet’s wildlife species lost last 40 years
Freshwater species decreased by an alarming 76 percent
Water and food are interdependent
One litre of water to produce one calorie of food
We will fail to feed the world until we fix the water crisis
The world’s thirst for water will grow by 50%. By 2030
https://www.facebook.com/fgaleeb/media_set?set=a.1708192856103255.1073741884.100007376703347&type=3&pnref=story
sasrai-Movement series Presentation in Observance of sasrai Day, Earth Day, Faith Climate Action Week, World Health Day, World Environment Day
sasrai Day –01 Boishakh/April 14 Appeal
Save Forest – Save Water – Save Earth & Life ensure Habitable Earth for Each
•Bangladesh has planned furnish the in Naba Barsha Dish Excluding National Fish Hilsha
•New Study Proves That People Who Don’t Believe In Climate Change Are Morons
•Global warming may be far worse than thought, cloud analysis suggests
•Global Fisheries Are Collapsing -- What Happens When There Are No Fish Left?
•Seas could rise higher than predicted, drenching coastal cities - study
•New York and London could be underwater within DECADES: Scientists say devastating climate change will take place sooner than thought
•6 Colorado Teenagers File Appeal in Fracking and Climate Lawsuit
•Scientists Warn Drastic Climate Impacts Coming Much Sooner Than Expected
•Drilling-induced earthquakes may endanger millions in 2016, USGS says
•Montreal Makes Plans To Ban All Plastic Water Bottles
•Climate Change Will Ruin Hawaii, New Study Suggests
•Global warming to scorch past milestone in 2047, study predicts
•Ocean acidity already crossed threshhold
•Every year after 2047 to be hotter than record-setting 2005, scientists predict
•Worst Mediterranean drought in 900 years has human fingerprints all over it
•Eating Less Meat Could Save 5 Million Lives, Cut Carbon Emissions by 33%
•‘We Have A Global Emergency,’ Must Slash CO2 ASAP
sasrai Day –01 Boishakh/April 14 Appeal
Save Forest – Save Water – Save Earth & Life ensure Habitable Earth for Each
650 million people, even the water they are able to find is unsafe
Water crises are among the top risks to global economic growth
Growing cities, populations, changing climate placing pressures on water
Every minute a newborn dies from infection caused by a lack of safe water and environment
42% of healthcare facilities in Africa do not have access to safe water.
Developing countries half occupied poor water, sanitation and hygiene caused disease
Around 315,000 children under-five die every year caused by dirty water and poor sanitation
That's 900 children per day or one child every two minutes.
2.3 billion people do not have access to adequate sanitation, one in three of the world's population.
In Africa, an estimated 40 billion working hours are spent fetching water
Water in Accra, Ghana, costs three times as much as in New York.
Dhaka’s water tariff of Tk 6.99 per 1,000 litres ‘lowest in the world’.
The biggest threat to the present Planet Earth is Rapid Running Out of the Resources (RRR).
sasrai-Movement must be the Central to Realizing Sustainable Global Development
Ensure Peace, Justice, Dignity, Rights, Prosperity, Security for Each
No matter Climate Changing or Not, Ice Melting or Not – We must stop Consumption Competition
www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1045800938775669.107374...
Cuyahoga Valley National Park conserves and reclaims the rural landscape along the Cuyahoga River between Akron and Cleveland in Northeast Ohio's Cuyahoga and Summit counties.
The 32,572-acre (50.9 square mile) park is administered by the National Park Service, but within its boundaries are areas independently managed as county parks or as public or private businesses. Cuyahoga Valley was originally designated as a National Recreation Area in 1974, then redesignated as a national park 26 years later in 2000, and remains the only national park that originated as a national recreation area.
Cuyahoga Valley is the only national park in the state of Ohio and one of three in the Great Lakes Basin. Cuyahoga Valley also differs from the other national parks in the U.S. in that it is adjacent to two large urban areas and it includes a dense road network, small towns, and public and private attractions.
Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park
A jar of conserve, an item on display in the museum. You can also stop for scones and jam in the restaurant. Perfect.
Il date vraisemblablement des années 1920, bien que je n'ai pas trouvé d'informations à ce sujet sauf celles mises en remarque ...
1 août 2014: désormais disparues merci Flickr !
Le vieux pont fut construit au 14e siècle (arche restante à droite de l'image). Lors de la construction de la N 67 plusieurs arches furent recouvertes. Le pont s'écroula en 1916 et une arche fut conservée à titre de souvenir. Le site, comprenant les cascades de la Loue, l'arche du vieux pont et leurs abords, fut inscrit le 4 janvier 1943 à l'inventaire général du patrimoine culturel.
Le salon
Seule pièce conservée dans son ensemble, le salon est à l’italienne, de forme circulaire et coiffé d’une coupole (lointain héritier du salon de Vaux !)
Il est éclairé par une lanterne zénithale et par l’illusion de huit baies cintrées, dont seulement trois sont réelles, les autres étant à glaces qui renvoient l’image du jardin, ce qui tend à y intégrer le salon.
L’ensemble des trumeaux et écoinçons est orné de stuc et de camées. Ainsi, Régnier fit les 24 camées " en stuc imitant les marbres les plus rares et pierres précieuses " et Dugourc y peignit "vingt quatre sujets antiques imitant des reliefs d’albâtre ".
Le décor fut complété par Dussaux qui peignit dans les embrasements des portes des arabesques en « ornements de coloris ».
Le salon a en outre conservé son parquet en échiquier peint « en graine d’Avignon », ses portes en « bois veiné » et sa cheminée de Bocciardi en marbre blanc veiné.
Coupe du salon, du boudoir, de la salle de bains et de la chambre du prince, Prieur
Peintes vers 1080-1120, les peintures romanes sont très bien conservées et extrêmement bien réali-sées. Bien que lacunaire, ce programme est riche de plusieurs thèmes iconographiques. Sur le mur est, une frise grecque avec effet de relief et différents oiseaux parcourt tout le baptistère. Entre les deux oculi, un Christ avec un nimbe crucifère se tient en majesté dans sa mandorle avec un livre ouvert où est inscrit EGO [SUM V] I [TA] : Je suis la vie (Jean, XIV, 6). Autour de lui, deux anges épousent parfaitement la forme des fenêtres, tous deux tournés vers les Apôtres désignant le Christ. Ceux-ci ne sont pas reconnaissables individuellement, hormis saint Pierre à la droite du Christ. Ils sont en mouvement et marchent sur des vagues représentants le monde sur lequel répandre la parole divine, avec au dessus d'eux une inscription en latin AS-CENDO AD PA-TREM [MEUM E] T PA-TREM [VES-TRVM, DEVM ET DEVM VES-TRVM]. VI[RI G]A[LIL] EI [QVIS S]TA[TIS AS-PI-CIENT] ES IN CELVM. HIC HIESVS QVI ASVMTVS EST A VOBIS : Je monte vers mon Père et votre Père, mon Dieu et votre Dieu. Galilée qui lève les yeux au ciel. C'est Jésus qui vous a été enlevé.
Sous le Christ la main de Dieu représentée dans un médaillon. Sur l’arc en plein cintre, un Agnus Dei et deux anges thuriféraires, avec sous cet arc des personnages non identifiables dans des médaillons. Enfin, sur le dernier registre du mur, deux cavaliers sont situés de part et d’autre, le premier complètement effacé dont ne reste que la tête du cheval. A droite, le cavalier Constantin tenant un sceptre et un orbe, et marchant dans la direction du Christ, est le seul des quatre dont l’identité nous soit parvenue. Sur cette partie du mur se superposent le cavalier roman et les dernières scènes du cycle de la vie de saint Jean-Baptiste, datant du XIIIe siècle.
Sur le mur Nord, de gauche à droite, se situent une figure profane, un paon sous chaque oculi et sous l’arc en mitre un saint anonyme, avec à droite du mur deux apôtres. Sur le mur Ouest, les peintures sont très endommagées, un paon est tou-jours visible bien que pâle, un vase ocre s'y distingue aussi (vase de vie ou pour utiliser le chrême en vue d'oindre les catéchumènes. Un deuxième paon devait se trouver à côté avec, plus bas, deux autres cavaliers dont l’un est complet, couronné et tenant un sceptre. Le quatrième et dernier cavalier est lui aussi endommagé, seul le haut de son corps étant visible tenant les rênes de son cheval.
Sur le mur Sud, deux apôtres, non complets avec sous l’oculus un paon et sous l’arc en mitre, saint Maurice d’Agaune, désigné ici par MAVRICIVS en habit de légionnaire, ses reliques étant conservées dans la cathédrale primitive. Sous le second oculus, un dragon fait face à un homme brandissant une épée, symbole du combat entre le bien et le mal. Entre ces deux figures, une inscription CIL CRIA MARCI ET VRNA : il demanda grâce et s’enfuit (plus vieille inscription connue en langue vernaculaire) (cf. fra.archinform.net).
Each of the letters had to be carefully moved into the gallery to ensure the neon tubing wasn't damaged.
Toasted sprouted wheat bread; Labneh, a cheese made from yogurt; Jalapeno conserve; heirloom tomatoes; leeks, onions.
Piedras Blancas State Marine Reserve, San Luis Obispo County, California, August 20, 2014 (by Kent Kanouse)
Des stalles du château de Gaillon sont conservées dans la basilique Saint-Denis près de Paris. Ce château était la résidence de loisir des archevêques de Rouen. Commandées au début du XVIe siècle par Georges d’Amboise, ces stalles ont été construites lorsque cet archevêque, devenu légat du pape et premier conseiller de Louis XII a fait transformer le château médiéval en palais de la Renaissance. Seules stalles en France à présenter de nombreux panneaux de marqueterie et une iconographie inédite, elles forment un mobilier unique, chef-d’œuvre de cette période charnière entre gothique et Renaissance, arborant une grande mixité de styles. Ces stalles sont les chaires qui étaient destinées aux trois chanoines qui officiaient dans la chapelle haute du château de Gaillon, dédiée à saint Georges. Elles étaient ceintes d’une clôture en boiset constituaient ainsi le chœur liturgique de l'édifice.
Les stalles en chêne sont composées de deux rangées disposées côté nord et sud du transept de la basilique de Saint-Denis. La rangée nord présente un ensemble de six stalles, la rangée sud de cinq stalles et une isolée. Seules douze stalles ont été créées au XVIe siècle alors que le programme iconographique en prévoyait quatorze. De 2,83 m de haut, elles composées d’un siège et d’un dorsal, ce dernier comprenant deux registres : un bas-relief surmontant un panneau de marqueterie. Tous les éléments sont sculptés ou marquetés. De manière unique, les dossiers, les dorsaux et les voussures des dais sont galbés. De même les chaires ont des largeurs variées, fixées par celles des bas-reliefs des dorsaux. Pour s’adapter, les largeurs d’autres composants ont été rectifiées. La mixité de style se retrouve dans la globalité, les interdorsaux et deux dais étant gothiques alors que les faibles reliefs sont apparentés aux grotesques de la Renaissance, les bas-reliefs et les marqueteries des dorsaux étant quant à eux à la fois d’inspiration péninsulaire et septentrionale.
Sont illustrées sur les bas-reliefs originaux des dorsaux deux scènes de la vie d’Anne et Joachim, parents de la vierge Marie, cinq scènes de la vie de saint Jean-Baptiste le précurseur et sept scènes de la vie de saint Georges selon les textes d’Évangile ou de la Légende dorée. Nombre d’autres saints sont présentés en pied, sous forme de statuettes sur les interdorsaux ou de bas-reliefs sur les soubassements des jouées, notamment les quatre évangélistes sur ces derniers. Sur les panneaux marquetés des quadrants des parcloses sont figurées les affres des enfers des condamnés selon les sept péchés capitaux, avec les planètes et leurs influences. Les représentations sont inspirées des gravures du Calendrier des bergers imprimé à cette époque.
Les miséricordes figurent des scènes des Métamorphoses d’Ovide ainsi que les arts libéraux selon la Margarita Philosophica de G. Reisch. Les artisans se sont inspirés de gravures d’ouvrages imprimés au début du XVIe siècle, par exemple le soldat romain Caius Mucius Scaevola devant le roi Étrusque Porsenna y étant représenté exposant ainsi des thématiques propres à la culture antique. De manière également tout à fait inédite, les 7 vertus, cardinales et théologales, et 7 sibylles sont figurées et représentées sur les panneaux de marqueterie du premier registre des dorsaux. Les allégories et les prophétesses sont encadrées d’architectures identiques deux à deux qui les mettent en concordance. Les sibylles ont été choisies parmi celles du manuscrit des Heures de Louis de Laval dont les auteurs ont cité les prophéties. Ces dernières proviennent du manuscrit des Institutions divines de Lactance qui était de nouveau traduit et que le cardinal a lui-même fait enluminer. Ce grand rhéteur du IVe siècle ayant quant à lui repris les oracles rédigés dans les Oracles sibyllins.
Georges Ier d’Amboise n’a pas manqué de faire valoir qu’il était le commanditaire des stalles en demandant à ce que ses armes et sa devise y figurent à de nombreuses reprises. Le légat a donné pour modèles aux artisans des stalles des enluminures ou gravures de manuscrits faisant partie de sa splendide bibliothèque, digne d'un grand érudit humaniste. Il fit venir l’Italie en choisissant la marqueterie figurative en sus de la sculpture, seule technique utilisée à l'époque en France. Sans renier la tradition en faisant figurer les saints, il a fait représenter de manière inédite leur cycle de vie, dont il a choisi des événements bien spécifiques. De plus, il a incité les fidèles à s’instruire et à étudier les auteurs antiques en faisant sculpter des allégories des arts libéraux et des personnages mythiques ou héroïques. Enfin, par le dialogue des sibylles et des vertus, il a montré que la rhétorique de Lactance était convaincante. Il a ainsi non seulement introduit en France la mode italienne dans le mobilier, le décor et les ornements du château de Gaillon, mais surtout donné corps à l’esprit humaniste en faisant de ses stalles les messagères qui appellent à une vie vertueuse, dans la foi au Christ annoncé à tous les hommes (cf. wikipédia, merci Glass Angel pour la photo).
the exposed oak roof timbers were cutdown about 1619, while a few were felled mid 1700s. Tree rings show some had been growing since the 1390s and were from local area. During 2015 renovation some were replaced due to wet rot.
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Silage is a form of conserved grass that is made by farmers during the summer months when the grass supply is plentiful and not required for grazing. Silage is fed to cattle and sheep during winter months and is made by preserving the grass under naturally produced acidic conditions which effectively pickle the crop. Silage is quite moist and usually preferred by livestock to hay as it is more palatable and of higher food value. It often forms the bulk of the livestock diet for six months of the year through the winter months.
Grass silage is usually produced by stock farmers two or three times a year, however it is the first cut of grass in late May that is the most important. Growth at this time of year is vigorous and the grass is rich in energy as it produces leaf rather than going to seed. Grass crops for silage are fertilised to increase production and can look very much like a conventional arable crop. The image illustrates grass ready for silage making and is typical of the many hundreds of thousands of hectares that are conserved each year