“If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed.”

“I use emotion for the many and reserve reason for the few.”

“The great strength of the totalitarian state is that it forces those who fear it to imitate it.”

“It is not truth that matters, but victory.”

“What good fortune for governments that the people do not think.”

“By the skillful and sustained use of propaganda, one can make a people see even heaven as hell or an extremely wretched life as paradise.”

“Make the lie big, make it simple, keep saying it, and eventually they will believe it. ”

“The man who has no sense of history, is like a man who has no ears or eyes”

“I do not see why man should not be as cruel as nature”

“Demoralize the enemy from within by surprise, terror, sabotage, assassination. This is the war of the future.”

“The only preventative measure one can take is to live irregularly.”

“He alone, who owns the youth, gains the future.”

“I begin with the young. We older ones are used up but my magnificent youngsters! Are there finer ones anywhere in the world? Look at all these men and boys! What material! With you and I, we can make a new world.”

“The receptivity of the masses is very limited, their intelligence is small, but their power of forgetting is enormous. In consequence of these facts, all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points and must harp on these in slogans until the last member of the public understands what you want him to understand by your slogan.”

“The Whites have carried to these (colonial) people the worst that they could carry: the plagues of the world: materialism, fanaticism, alcoholism, and syphilis. Moreover, since what these people possessed on their own was superior to anything we could give them, they have remained themselves... The sole result of the activity of the colonizers is: they have everywhere aroused hatred.”

“The very first essential for success is a perpetually constant and regular employment of violence.”

“I believe today that my conduct is in accordance with the will of the Almighty.”

“The great masses of the people will more easily fall victims to a big lie than to a small one.”

“The most foolish mistake we could possibly make would be to permit the conquered Eastern peoples to have arms. History teaches that all conquerors who have allowed their subject races to carry arms have prepared their own downfall by doing so.”

“The application of force alone, without support based on a spiritual concept, can never bring about the destruction of an idea or arrest the propagation of it, unless one is ready and able to ruthlessly to exterminate the last upholders of that idea even to a man, and also wipe out any tradition which it may tend to leave behind.”

“Any philosophy, whether of a religious or political nature - and sometimes the dividing line is hard to determine - fights less for the negative destruction of the opposing ideology than for the positive promotion of its own. Hence its struggle is less defensive than offensive. It therefore has the advantage even in determining the goal, since this goal represents the victory of its own idea, while, conversely,it is hard to determine when the negative aim of the destruction of a hostile doctrine may be regarded as achieved and assured. For this reason alone, the philosophy's offensive will be more systematic and also more powerful than the defensive against a philosophy, since here, too, as always, the attack and not the defence makes the decision. The fight against a spiritual power with methods of violence remains defensive, however, until the sword becomes the support,the herald and disseminator, of a new spiritual doctrine.”

“Instruction in world history in the so-called high schools is even today in a very sorry condition. Few teachers understand that the study of history can never be to learn historical dates and events by heart and recite them by rote; that what matters is not whether the child knows exactly when this battle or that was fought, when a general was born, or even when a monarch (usually a very insignificant one) came into the crown of his forefathers. No, by the living God, this is very unimportant. To 'learn' history means to seek and find the forces which are the causes leading to those effects which we subsequently perceive as historical events.”

Quote Source -> www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/30691.Adolf_Hitler

Volume One, Chapter Six:

"War Propaganda"

{1}The function of propaganda does not lie in the scientific training of the individual, but in calling the masses' attention to certain facts, processes, necessities, etc., whose significance is thus for the first time placed within their field of vision.

{2}The whole art consists in doing this so skillfully that everyone will be convinced that the fact is real, the process necessary, the necessity correct, etc. But since propaganda is not and cannot be the necessity in itself, since its function. . . consists in attracting the attention of the crowd, and not in educating those who are already educated or who are striving after education and knowledge, its effect for the most part must be aimed at the emotions and only to a very limited degree at the so-called intellect. . . .

{3}The art of propaganda lies in understanding the emotional ideas of the great masses and finding, through a psychologically correct form, the way to the attention and thence to the heart of the broad masses. The fact that our bright boys do not understand this merely shows how mentally lazy and conceited they are. . . .

{4}The receptivity of the great masses is very limited, their intelligence is small, but their power of forgetting is enormous. In consequence of these facts, all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points and must harp on these in slogans until the last member of the public understands what you want him to understand by your slogan. As soon as you sacrifice this slogan and try to be many-sided, the effect will piddle away, for the crowd can neither digest nor retain the material offered. In this way the result is weakened and in the end entirely cancelled out.

{5}Thus we see that propaganda must follow a simple line and correspondingly the basic tactics must be psychologically sound. For instance, it was absolutely wrong to make the enemy ridiculous, as the Austrian and German comic papers did. It was absolutely wrong because actual contact with an enemy soldier was bound to arouse an entirely different conviction, and the results were devastating; for now the German soldier, under the direct impression of the enemy's resistance, felt himself swindled by his propaganda service. His desire to fight, or even to stand film, was not strengthened, but the opposite occurred. His courage flagged.

{6}By contrast, the war propaganda of the English and Americans was psychologically sound. By representing the Germans to their own people as barbarians and Huns, they prepared the individual soldier for the terrors of war, and thus helped to preserve him from disappointments. After this, the most terrible weapon that was used against him seemed only to confirm what his propagandists had told him; it likewise reinforced his faith in the truth of his government's assertions, while on the other hand it increased his rage and hatred against the vile enemy For the cruel effects of the weapon, whose use by the enemy he now came to know, gradually came to confirm for him the 'Hunnish' brutality of the barbarous enemy, which he had heard all about; and it never dawned on him for a moment that his own weapons possibly, if not probably, might be even more terrible in their effects. . . .

{7}The function of propaganda is . . . not to weigh and ponder the rights of different people, but exclusively to emphasize the one right which it has set out to argue for. Its task is not to make an objective study of the truth, in so far as it favors the enemy, and then set it before the masses with academic fairness; its task is to serve our own right, always and unflinchingly.

{8}It was absolutely wrong to discuss war-guilt from the standpoint that Germany alone could not be held responsible for the outbreak of the catastrophe; it would have been correct to load every bit of the blame on the shoulders of the enemy, even if this had not really corresponded to the true facts, as it actually did. . . .

Volume One, Chapter Ten:

"Causes of the Collapse"

{9}The easiest and hence most widespread explanation of the present misfortune is that it was brought about by the consequences of the lost War and that therefore the War is the cause of the present evil.

{10}There may be many who will seriously believe this nonsense but there are still more from whose mouth such an explanation can only be a lie and conscious falsehood. . . . Didn't these apostles of world conciliation . . . . glorify the benevolence of the Entente, and didn't they shove full blame for the whole bloody struggle on Germany? . . . Will you claim that this was not so, you wretched, lying scoundrels?

Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1926) -> history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111hitler.html

When it comes to heating and air conditioning repair in alexandria, H and F Service Co. is the place to turn. Our team of certified technicians has the experience and training needed to diagnose any HVAC problem you may have.

www.handfhvac.com/about-us.html

Dance Show at Wellesley College

At the back of the complex, southwest of the mosque, stands an L-shaped construction, consisting of Alauddin Khilji's tomb dating ca 1316 AD, and a madrasa, an Islamic seminary built by him. Khilji was the second Sultan of Delhi from Khilji dynasty, who ruled from 1296 to 1316 AD.

The central room of the building, which has his tomb, has now lost its dome, though many rooms of the seminary or college are intact, and since been restored. There were two small chambers connected to the tomb by passages on either side. Fergusson in his book suggested the existence, to the west of the tomb, of seven rooms, two of which had domes and windows. The remains of the tomb building suggest that there was an open courtyard on the south and west sides of the tomb building, and that one room in the north served as an entrance.

It was the first example in India, of a tomb standing alongside a madarsa. Nearby stands the Alai Minar, an ambitious tower, he started constructing to rival the Qutub Minar, though he died when only its first storey was built and its construction abandoned thereafter. It now stands, north of the mosque.

The tomb is in a very dilapidated condition. It is believed that Ala-ud-din's body was brought to the complex from Siri and buried in front of the mosque, which formed part of the madrasa adjoining the tomb. Firoz Shah Tughluq, who undertook repairs of the tomb complex, mentioned a mosque within the madrasa.

________________________________________________

MADRASA

Madrasa (Persian: مدرسة‎‎, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madrasas are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum.

DEFINITION

The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة)‎; mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with the same innocuous meaning in many Arabic-influenced languages, such as: Urdu, Bengali, Hindi, Persian, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, Indonesian, Malay and Bosnian / Croatian. In the Arabic language, the word مدرسة madrasah simply means the same as school does in the English language, whether that is private, public or parochial school, as well as for any primary or secondary school whether Muslim, non-Muslim, or secular. Unlike the use of the word school in British English, the word madrasah more closely resembles the term school in American English, in that it can refer to a university-level or post-graduate school as well as to a primary or secondary school. For example, in the Ottoman Empire during the Early Modern Period, madrasas had lower schools and specialised schools where the students became known as danişmends. The usual Arabic word for a university, however, is جامعة (jāmiʻah). The Hebrew cognate midrasha also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term midrash literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations.

However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community. A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history. In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I. Depending on the educational demands, some madrasas also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history. Ottoman madrasas along with religious teachings also taught "styles of writing, grammary, syntax, poetry, composition, natural sciences, political sciences, and etiquette."

People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams. The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study. A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madrasas. The madrasas also resemble colleges, where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories. An important function of the madrasas is to admit orphans and poor children in order to provide them with education and training. Madrasas may enroll female students; however, they study separately from the men.

EARLY HISTORY

The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers. After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi mosque. Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit was appointed there by Hazrat Muhammad as teacher and among the students. In the curriculum of the madrasa, there were teachings of The Qur'an, The Hadith, fara'iz, tajweed, genealogy, treatises of first aid, etc. There were also trainings of horse-riding, art of war, handwriting and calligraphy, athletics and martial arts. The first part of madrasa based education is estimated from the first day of "nabuwwat" to the first portion of the "Umaiya" caliphate.

Established in 859, Jāmiʻat al-Qarawīyīn (located in al-Qarawīyīn Mosque) in the city of Fas, Morocco, is considered the oldest university in the world by some scholars, though the existence of universities in the medieval Muslim world is debated. It was founded by Fāṭimah al-Fihrī, the daughter of a wealthy merchant named Muḥammad al-Fihrī. This was later followed by the establishment of al-Azhar in 959 in Cairo, Egypt.

During the late ʻAbbāsid period, the Seljuk vizier Niẓām al-Mulk created one of the first major official academic institutions known in history as the Madrasah Niẓāmīyah, based on the informal majālis (sessions of the shaykhs). Niẓām al-Mulk, who would later be murdered by the Assassins (Ḥashshāshīn), created a system of state madrasas (in his time they were called the Niẓāmiyyahs, named after him) in various ʻAbbāsid cities at the end of the 11th century.

During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madrasas through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to their descendants. Especially during the Mamlūk period, when only former slaves could assume power, the sons of the ruling Mamlūk elite were unable to inherit. Guaranteed positions within the new madrasas thus allowed them to maintain status. Madrasas built in this period include the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Ḥasan in Cairo.

Dimitri Gutas and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy consider the period between the 11th and 14th centuries to be the "Golden Age" of Arabic and Islamic philosophy, initiated by al-Ghazali's successful integration of logic into the madrasah curriculum and the subsequent rise of Avicennism.

At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the "rational sciences," as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madrasas, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.

The following excerpt provides a brief synopsis of the historical origins and starting points for the teachings that took place in the Ottoman madrasas in the Early Modern Period:

Taşköprülüzâde's concept of knowledge and his division of the sciences provides a starting point for a study of learning and medrese education in the Ottoman Empire. Taşköprülüzâde recognises four stages of knowledge - spiritual, intellectual, oral and written. Thus all the sciences fall into one of these seven categories: calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, intellectual sciences, spiritual sciences, theoretical rational sciences, and practical rational sciences. The first Ottoman medrese was created in İznik in 1331, when a converted Church building was assigned as a medrese to a famous scholar, Dâvûd of Kayseri. Suleyman made an important change in the hierarchy of Ottoman medreses. He established four general medreses and two more for specialised studies, one devoted to the ḥadīth and the other to medicine. He gave the highest ranking to these and thus established the hierarchy of the medreses which was to continue until the end of the empire.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madrasas (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to an endowed mosque. In the 11th century, the famous Persian Islamic philosopher and teacher Ibn Sīnā (known as Avicenna in the West), in one of his books, wrote a chapter about the maktab entitled "The Role of the Teacher in the Training and Upbringing of Children," as a guide to teachers working at maktab schools. He wrote that children can learn better if taught in classes instead of individual tuition from private tutors, and he gave a number of reasons for why this is the case, citing the value of competition and emulation among pupils, as well as the usefulness of group discussions and debates. Ibn Sīnā described the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school.

PRIMARY EDUCATION

Ibn Sīnā wrote that children should be sent to a maktab school from the age of 6 and be taught primary education until they reach the age of 14. During which time, he wrote, they should be taught the Qur'an, Islamic metaphysics, language, literature, Islamic ethics, and manual skills (which could refer to a variety of practical skills).

SECONDARY EDUCATION

Ibn Sīnā refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as a period of specialisation when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it was reading, manual skills, literature, preaching, medicine, geometry, trade and commerce, craftsmanship, or any other subject or profession they would be interested in pursuing for a future career. He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the student's emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account.

HIGHER EDUCATION

During its formative period, the term madrasah referred to a higher education institution, whose curriculum initially included only the "religious sciences", whilst philosophy and the secular sciences were often excluded. The curriculum slowly began to diversify, with many later madrasas teaching both the religious and the "secular sciences", such as logic, mathematics and philosophy. Some madrasas further extended their curriculum to history, politics, ethics, music, metaphysics, medicine, astronomy and chemistry. The curriculum of a madrasah was usually set by its founder, but most generally taught both the religious sciences and the physical sciences. Madrasas were established throughout the Islamic world, examples being the 9th century University of al-Qarawiyyin, the 10th century al-Azhar University (the most famous), the 11th century Niẓāmīyah, as well as 75 madrasas in Cairo, 51 in Damascus and up to 44 in Aleppo between 1155 and 1260. Many more were also established in the Andalusian cities of Córdoba, Seville, Toledo, Granada (Madrasah of Granada), Murcia, Almería, Valencia and Cádiz during the Caliphate of Córdoba.

In the Ottoman Empire during the early modern period, "Madrasas were divided into lower and specialised levels, which reveals that there was a sense of elevation in school. Students who studied in the specialised schools after completing courses in the lower levels became known as danişmends."

While "madrasah" can now refer to any type of school, the term madrasah was originally used to refer more specifically to a medieval Islamic centre of learning, mainly teaching Islamic law and theology, usually affiliated with a mosque, and funded by an early charitable trust known as waqf.

LAW SCHOOL

Madrasas were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'.

The Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant difference between the ijāzat al-tadrīs and the licentia docendi was that the former was awarded by the individual scholar-teacher, while the latter was awarded by the chief official of the university, who represented the collective faculty, rather than the individual scholar-teacher.

Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, called fatwa, a legal opinion (the religious law of Islam covers civil as well as religious matters). The mufti (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it. This process of scholarly research was called ijtihād, literally, the exertion of one's efforts to the utmost limit."

MEDICAL SCHOOL

Though Islamic medicine was most often taught at the bimaristan teaching hospitals, there were also several medical madrasas dedicated to the teaching of medicine. For example, of the 155 madrasa colleges in 15th century Damascus, three of them were medical schools. No medical degrees were granted to students, as there was no faculty that could issue them. Therefore, no system of examination and certification ever developed in the Islamic tradition, in contrast with medieval Europe.

In the Early Modern Period in the Ottoman Empire, "Suleyman I added new curriculums ['sic'] to the Ottoman medreses of which one was medicine, which alongside studying of the ḥadīth was given highest rank."

MADRASA AND UNIVERSITY

Note: The word jāmiʻah (Arabic: جامعة‎) simply means 'university'. For more information, see Islamic university (disambiguation).

There is disagreement whether madrasas ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madrasas indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Darleen Pryds questions this view, pointing out that madrasas and European universities in the Mediterranean region shared similar foundations by princely patrons and were intended to provide loyal administrators to further the rulers' agenda. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics.

al-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) differed in the sense that they were larger institutions, more universal in terms of their complete source of studies, had individual faculties for different subjects, and could house a number of mosques, madrasas, and other institutions within them. Such an institution has thus been described as an "Islamic university".

Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctorate in law was only obtained after "an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." ‘Abd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī also delivered lectures on Islamic medicine at al-Azhar, while Maimonides delivered lectures on medicine and astronomy there during the time of Saladin. Another early jāmiʻah was the Niẓāmīyah of Baghdād (founded 1091), which has been called the "largest university of the Medieval world." Mustansiriya University, established by the ʻAbbāsid caliph al-Mustanṣir in 1233, in addition to teaching the religious subjects, offered courses dealing with philosophy, mathematics and the natural sciences.

However, the classification of madrasas as "universities" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madrasas, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, including the natural sciences, philosophy and literary studies, were only treated "ancillary" to the study of the Sharia. For example, a natural science like astronomy was only studied (if at all) to supply religious needs, like the time for prayer. This is why Ptolemaic astronomy was considered adequate, and is still taught in some modern day madrasas. The Islamic law undergraduate degree from al-Azhar, the most prestigious madrasa, was traditionally granted without final examinations, but on the basis of the students' attentive attendance to courses. In contrast to the medieval doctorate which was granted by the collective authority of the faculty, the Islamic degree was not granted by the teacher to the pupil based on any formal criteria, but remained a "personal matter, the sole prerogative of the person bestowing it; no one could force him to give one".

Medievalist specialists who define the university as a legally autonomous corporation disagree with the term "university" for the Islamic madrasas and jāmi‘ahs because the medieval university (from Latin universitas) was structurally different, being a legally autonomous corporation rather than a waqf institution like the madrasa and jāmiʻah. Despite the many similarities, medieval specialists have coined the term "Islamic college" for madrasa and jāmiʻah to differentiate them from the legally autonomous corporations that the medieval European universities were. In a sense, the madrasa resembles a university college in that it has most of the features of a university, but lacks the corporate element. Toby Huff summarises the difference as follows:

From a structural and legal point of view, the madrasa and the university were contrasting types. Whereas the madrasa was a pious endowment under the law of religious and charitable foundations (waqf), the universities of Europe were legally autonomous corporate entities that had many legal rights and privileges. These included the capacity to make their own internal rules and regulations, the right to buy and sell property, to have legal representation in various forums, to make contracts, to sue and be sued."

As Muslim institutions of higher learning, the madrasa had the legal designation of waqf. In central and eastern Islamic lands, the view that the madrasa, as a charitable endowment, will remain under the control of the donor (and their descendent), resulted in a "spurt" of establishment of madrasas in the 11th and 12th centuries. However, in Western Islamic lands, where the Maliki views prohibited donors from controlling their endowment, madrasas were not as popular. Unlike the corporate designation of Western institutions of higher learning, the waqf designation seemed to have led to the exclusion of non-orthodox religious subjects such a philosophy and natural science from the curricula. The madrasa of al-Qarawīyīn, one of the two surviving madrasas that predate the founding of the earliest medieval universities and are thus claimed to be the "first universities" by some authors, has acquired official university status as late as 1947. The other, al-Azhar, did acquire this status in name and essence only in the course of numerous reforms during the 19th and 20th century, notably the one of 1961 which introduced non-religious subjects to its curriculum, such as economics, engineering, medicine, and agriculture. It should also be noted that many medieval universities were run for centuries as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools prior to their formal establishment as universitas

scholarium; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the university dates back to the 6th century AD, thus well preceding the earliest madrasas. George Makdisi, who has published most extensively on the topic concludes in his comparison between the two institutions:

Thus the university, as a form of social organization, was peculiar to medieval Europe. Later, it was exported to all parts of the world, including the Muslim East; and it has remained with us down to the present day. But back in the middle ages, outside of Europe, there was nothing anything quite like it anywhere.

Nevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic origins, including "the fact that we still talk of professors holding the 'Chair' of their subject" being based on the "traditional Islamic pattern of teaching where the professor sits on a chair and the students sit around him", the term 'academic circles' being derived from the way in which Islamic students "sat in a circle around their professor", and terms such as "having 'fellows', 'reading' a subject, and obtaining 'degrees', can all be traced back" to the Islamic concepts of aṣḥāb ('companions, as of Muhammad'), qirāʼah ('reading aloud the Qur'an') and ijāzah ('licence [to teach]') respectively. Makdisi has listed eighteen such parallels in terminology which can be traced back to their roots in Islamic education. Some of the practices now common in modern universities which Makdisi and Goddard trace back to an Islamic root include "practices such as delivering inaugural lectures, wearing academic robes, obtaining doctorates by defending a thesis, and even the idea of academic freedom are also modelled on Islamic custom." The Islamic scholarly system of fatwá and ijmāʻ, meaning opinion and consensus respectively, formed the basis of the "scholarly system the West has practised in university scholarship from the Middle Ages down to the present day." According to Makdisi and Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was also "modelled on Islamic custom" as practised in the medieval Madrasa system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately planned university" in Europe, the University of Naples Federico II founded by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1224.

However, all of these facets of medieval university life are considered by standard scholarship to be independent medieval European developments with no tracable Islamic influence. Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on "the accumulation of close parallels", but all the while failing to point to convincing channels of transmission between the Muslim and Christian world. Norman Daniel points out that the Arab equivalent of the Latin disputation, the taliqa, was reserved for the ruler's court, not the madrasa, and that the actual differences between Islamic fiqh and medieval European civil law were profound. The taliqa only reached Islamic Spain, the only likely point of transmission, after the establishment of the first medieval universities. In fact, there is no Latin translation of the taliqa and, most importantly, no evidence of Latin scholars ever showing awareness of Arab influence on the Latin method of disputation, something they would have certainly found noteworthy. Rather, it was the medieval reception of the Greek Organon which set the scholastic sic et non in motion. Daniel concludes that resemblances in method had more to with the two religions having "common problems: to reconcile the conflicting statements of their own authorities, and to safeguard the data of revelation from the impact of Greek philosophy"; thus Christian scholasticism and similar Arab concepts should be viewed in terms of a parallel occurrence, not of the transmission of ideas from one to the other, a view shared by Hugh Kennedy.

Tony Huff, in a discussion of Makdisi's hypothesis, concludes:

It remains the case that no equivalent of the bachelor's degree, the licentia docendi, or higher degrees ever emerged in the medieval or early modern Islamic madrasas.

FEMALE EDUCATION

Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century.[64] al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ to female scholars, giving information on 1,075 of them. More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them.

From around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud, "a slave girl who was said to have been bought at great cost by Hārūn al-Rashīd because she had passed her examinations by the most eminent scholars in astronomy, medicine, law, philosophy, music, history, Arabic grammar, literature, theology and chess".[68] Moreover, among the most prominent feminine figures was Shuhda who was known as "the Scholar" or "the Pride of Women" during the 12th century in Baghdad. Despite the recognition of women's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty, all these came to an end in Iraq with the sack of Baghdad in 1258.

Women played an important role in the foundations of many Islamic educational institutions, such as Fatima al-Fihri's founding of the University of Al Karaouine in 859. This continued through to the Ayyubid dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries, when 160 mosques and madrasas were established in Damascus, 26 of which were funded by women through the Waqf (charitable trust) system. Half of all the royal patrons for these institutions were also women.

According to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted to ensure the highest possible education for both their sons and daughters. Ibn ʻAsakir had himself studied under 80 different female teachers in his time. Female education in the Islamic world was inspired by Muhammad's wives, such as Khadijah, a successful businesswoman. According to a hadith attributed to Muhammad, he praised the women of Medina because of their desire for religious knowledge:

How splendid were the women of the ansar; shame did not prevent them from becoming learned in the faith.

While it was not common for women to enroll as students in formal classes, it was common for women to attend informal lectures and study sessions at mosques, madrasas and other public places. While there were no legal restrictions on female education, some men did not approve of this practice, such as Muhammad ibn al-Hajj (d. 1336) who was appalled at the behaviour of some women who informally audited lectures in his time:

[Consider] what some women do when people gather with a shaykh to hear [the recitation of] books. At that point women come, too, to hear the readings; the men sit in one place, the women facing them. It even happens at such times that some of the women are carried away by the situation; one will stand up, and sit down, and shout in a loud voice. [Moreover,] her 'awra will appear; in her house, their exposure would be forbidden — how can it be allowed in a mosque, in the presence of men?

The term ʻawrah is often translated as 'that which is indecent', which usually meant the exposure of anything other than a woman's face and hands, although scholarly interpretations of the ʻawrah and ḥijāb have always tended to vary, with some more or less strict than others.

WIKIPEDIA

Condition-8/10. Size 10.5

I use all of these to cool one room

1979 Renault Gordini R1326 ( USA specs), 1647 cc Hemi, engine type 843-13, 109 HP, Bosh- L –Jetronic injection, factory air conditioning and power steering. “Decouverable” sliding fabric electric roof over stainless steel structure.

History:

The chassis and most of the running gear came from the Renault 12, while the 1647 cc 108 PS (79 kW; 95 hp) 843-Type engine in the more powerful R17 TS and R17 Gordini models was derived from the engine in the Renault 16 X. The R17 Gordini was to be the last model to bear the Amedee Gordini name fitted for USA with the 843-13 Hemi engine with 1647 cc. Though the mechanicals of the cars were derived from other Renaults, the body was completely new.

Please check the car and driver test for the R17 gordini at:

forums.vwvortex.com/showthread.php?5770450-JD%92s-archive...

Motosport:

Renault abandoned plans to contest the World Rally Championship which it won in 1973. Instead, the factory developed a high-performance version of the 17 coupé at the Alpine Competition Factory which used many of the A110 bits to compete in "selected" European events. The Gordini-developed engine had two twin-choke Webers, a hot cam, an 11.5 compression ratio, big valves and tuned extractor exhaust system. The body was very light, featured fibreglass doors, boot and bonnet panels, plus plastic windows and a stripped interior. The factory said the car's weight was lowered by more than 25 percent.

Its most famous outing was the "Press on Regardless" WRC in the United States, in Michigan, 1974. The Rally was the USA section of the World Rally Championship. The car that won the rally was a Renault 17 Gordini driven byJean-Luc Thérier and Christian Deiferrer, with a similar car coming third.

This car:

I bought this car in California on April 2012. An extensive restoration took place at my shop located in Miami were my friend Alberto Cordero, a former mechanical engineer from Renault, retired after 42 years working with the company, comes to help me with the restoration of the car. He was the chief mechanic of Juan Manuel Fangio a famous Argentinean race driver who won 5 times the F1 championship and Alberto was at the 84 hs of Nurburgring with the first Renault model derived from the AMC rambler named “Torino 380 W” who gets the third place in that race on 1969.

The car was abandoned in a yard and the last registration proving the car was running was back in 1997.

The car was straight, with only surface rust and off course a not running car.

We start the restoration from the ground up, the car was completely disassembled, body was take it to the bare metal, epoxy primed and painted in its original black color. Gordini stripes and logos were drawn by myself and plotted in 3M vinyl with the original scheme color.

All interior of the cabin, floor, panels, back and engine compartment was fitted with anti-rattle-sound/heat auto adhesive insulation with aluminum foil.

The carpet is a velour German carpet, Burgundy color with leather sewed trims.

I have owned the same model back in Argentina in 1979 so I was completely familiar with the car, and after owning more than 60 high end cars in my life, I always remember the R17 as an outstanding performer, economical yet powerful and beautiful car.

The outstanding design of the “petal” seats, the sliding electric roof that leaves the car completely open, the pillar less design makes this car shine out of the crowd not only now 35 years later, but back in his own era. The feeling you will have driving the car with the roof open will be better than in a convertible car, no wind noise at all.

All parts replaced in the car are original parts coming from France, Argentina, Israel, Puerto Rico, USA.

All suspension, power steering, brakes, hoses,fittings, etc. has been replaced. Engine was with original 45,000 miles, we disassembled the engine, head, valves, gaskets, replaced all necessary parts to meet the original compression specs with 150 PSI on each of the 4 cylinders.

All Bosch –L- Jetronic was overhauled, new sensors, valves, vacuums, switches, electric fuel pump, new injectors, etc. were replaced for original parts, most of them from Germany and others locally as the R17 share most of the injection parts with the BMW 2002 TTI.

The antipollution system was restored at his original state, overhauled air pump, new vacuums, valves, sensors, brand new catalyzer.

New original windshield was fitted to replace the scratched one in the car, new upgraded upholstery in German leather as the original car was fitted with grey cloth. The petal front seat is articulated and adjustable on the sides and behind the knees for firm support as a sport car should be. Is hard to think that 35 years ago this outstanding design on the seats are still bringing one of the most comfortable position that I have had in most top of the line cars.

The car runs perfect, as a brand new car!!!, all electric and electronic components are in 100% working order, the Air conditioning was upgraded with a new Sanden compressor, new condenser, new hoses, blows at 10° Celsius (50 Fahrenheit degrees) as per original specs.

All around upgraded LED lights fitted in back up, brake light, directional lamps. New 4 halogen YELLOW headlights with 45-70w halogen lamps.

Original vintage CIBIE fog lights with covers as the Rally version.

Pioneer stereo with hand free Bluetooth phone and 4 stereo speakers.

The car is fitted with disc brakes at front wheels and drum at the rear wheels with a servo booster and brake limiter valve with weight sensor.

All weather trims were replaced with brand new weather strips.

I have published this car at the Amicale R15 R17 website, you will see the comments on the most important website dedicated at Renault 15 and 17 and you could check the comments of my fellow members about the car on

amicale-r15-r17.forumpro.fr/t6019-restauration-1326-alberto

Also, there is a link I have pusblished with the process of the restoration of this car. You will be amazed of the job we have performed on this car to bring it back to life.Please follow this link with 140 PICTURES:

plus.google.com/photos/105876176090498194630/albums/57689...

A little history of this land -

Stow, Massachusetts

Descriptive Catalogue of Farms in Massachusetts

by William Robert Sessions (1891)

"Farm of 120 acres mowing 30 pasture 50 woodland 40 suitable for cultivation 50 Grass can be cut with a machine No house Barn 36x40 in poor repair Mostly fenced with stone wall in fair condition Good water supply Two hundred and twenty five apple trees 14 pear 3 quince 6 cherry and 20 peach trees besides 6 young grape vines and a quantity of raspberry and blackberry bushes Railroad station Whitman's Station J mile post office Rock Bottom 1 mile Price $4,000 cash at sale $2,500 interest on balance 5 per cent Address Jerome Barton Rock Bottom Mass "

Stow

1683-1933

published by

REV. AND MRS. PRESTON R. CROWELL (1933)

On Gleasondale:

"The village of Gleasondale is of no small importance to the town, not only in its early historical interest, but in its later industrial and business development and connection with the cherished names of its patriotic and enterprising citizens, indicated in the village names, "Randall Mills" (1776-1815); "Rock Bottom" (1815-1898); "Gleasondale" (1898-1933).

The first certain record of the establishment of mills of any kind is in the deed of February 19, 1770 by which John Gordon and his wife Mercy conveyed to Timothy Gibson for $300, land with a grist and saw mill, previously the property of their father, Ebenezer Graves--land purchased by him September 17, 1716 from Zachariah Whitman. The dam and mills were built by Mr. Graves before 1750.

Timothy Gibson sold this property (sixty acres with corn and saw mill) to Abraham Randall for $462; from whom it received its name, by which it was known for more than half a century. These mills were located on the east side of the Assabet river; the dam

being some five or six rods below the present dam of B. W. Gleason & Sons. On the death of Mr. Randall early in 1815 these mills became the property of his two sons Abram and Paul, who deeded them; one, August 20, 1819 for $471.50, and the other February 12, 1822 for $1200 to Joel Cranston, Silas Felton and Elijah Hale, enterprising merchants of that part of Marlboro, now the town of Hudson. These gentlemen together with Silas Jewell, an old resident of the vicinity, are chiefly responsible for the early development of the cotton manufacturing enterprise, which was finally conducted under the name of the Rock Bottom Cotton & Woolen Company. The first record of the name of "Rock Bottom" is in connection with this factory. According to tradition, the name had its origin with the remark of Joel Cranston who, when his men were digging the foundation of the factory and came to solid rock, said to them, "you've reached rock bottom." At first this was a by-word, but soon this chance remark became the permanent designation of the locality.

After being conducted with varying success and passing through the hands of different operators, the manufacturing interests of the village were absorbed February 14, 1849 by B. W. Gleason & Co.; the firm included Benjamin Gleason of Andover, Mass. and Samuel Dale of Ware, Mass. Both were fitted by experience and executive ability to handle an enterprise of the kind and under these new auspices, the business soon assumed a new aspect of vigor and energy. In the next year an addition and improvements were made. A serious interruption was caused by a fire May 9, 1852 which entirely destroyed the mill. Out of the ashes however, arose a new brick mill, 125 feet long, 50 feet wide and 5 stories high, ready for operation in 1854.

On the death of Mr. Dale, March 1, 1853, his brother Ebenezer Dale became a partner with Mr. Gleason; the name of the firm remaining as before. Thereon J. Dale, youngest brother of Ebenezer Dale, became a partner in 1850. In 1860 the firm name

was changed to Dale Bros. & Co. On the death of Ebenezer December 3, 1871, Mr. Gleason purchased from his heirs their interest and on June 1, 1872, received into partnership his three sons, Charles Whitney, born April 9, 1841, Stilman Augustus, born

August 12, 1843, Alfred Dwight, born February 7, 1845; all of them in North Andover,Mass. The business was continued under the name, B. W. Gleason & Sons. After the death of Benjamin W. Gleason, the firm was known as B. W. Gleason's Sons; later, C. W. & A. D. Gleason; then Gleasondale Mills and the prestige and substantial prosperity of the concern has been continued to be maintained throughout.

The Humphrey Brigham Shoe factory, located near the Fitchburg Railroad Station, carried on a large business for many years. This four story building, with cupola, was burned to the ground in 1878.

From 1875-1878, we find "Reed Bros.," cabinet-makers, manufacturing chairs, frames and doing all kinds of upholstering work, in this section of Gleasondale.

In the early days there was no railroad, and wool and all supplies for the mills and stores were brought from Boston by teams of horses. Gilman Hapgood of Feltonville was a familiar sight to the villagers as he drove in with his large four-horse team loaded down with wool, and later on loaded up with bales of flannels as he started off over the hills for Boston. Another familiar sight was Amos Sawyer of Berlin as he drove his four horse mail coach over the road from Berlin to South Acton, in the early morning, returning at nightfall, always stopping at the store to take and leave the mail bag. Daily papers were scarce in those days and Sunday papers unheard of.

To protect the fish, laws were passed obliging all mill owners to provide fish ways. By this means a direct communication was made from the ocean to Boon's pond by way of the Merrimac, Concord and Assabet rivers. Capt. Thomas Whitman, being at "Ram's Horn Brook," so-called from its crookedness, saw a large quantity of fish. He came home, took his team of four oxen, and with his boys, dipped up over sixty bushels, making the largest amount of fish ever caught in one day in town.

In the more prosperous days of the town, we find a physician living in Gleasondale, named Dr. John Whitman. He had a very fine house, said to be three stories high. This house was burned and the ruins were in what is now Herbert Underwood's door-yard.

In 1830, there was a store in Rock Bottom, kept by Col. Elijah Hale. He was succeeded by his nephews for a time.

Opposite the place now owned and occupied by Clifford Martin, is the "Sibley Place." At one time there was a saw-mill on this place.

Just below the home of F. Keeler Rice, opposite Mrs. Charlotte Hearsey's house, was a brick-yard owned by Abijah Parks, great-grandfather of Miss Clara Houghton, of Hudson. He lived in a house on the site of the Whitney Ferguson homestead. Abraham Priest 2nd began working there when 16 years old. Quite a lively business was carried on there about 1830-40.

On the Hallock farm, formerly the Wolcott farm, stood a building which was started for a hotel thinking the main road to Boston was going past the place. As the road went in another direction, this building was never finished and was later used for a cider-mill. Ox-teams carted cider from this mill to Boston, over the old road that goes past the Lake Boon monument. On more than one occasion the oxen were so tired on the return trip,

that they were unyoked, so they could climb the hill.

In colonial days ox-teams were used for all trucking and carting. The oxen were also used for ploughing and other farm work.

About 1880, horses began to be used on the farms; they were quicker in motion and because of this were considered to be more advantageous, as more could be accomplished in one day. But many of the farmers reluctantly changed to this new method, as the steady pull of the oxen and their ability to haul greater loads, could not be replaced by horses. The "gee" and "haw" of the farmer is no longer heard and we find no yoke of oxen in town today.

About 1920, tractors were seen ploughing and hauling out the big rocks and boulders in parts of the town. Today, tractors are in common use."

"From the " Haletonian, 1889"-"The highways are in good condition, the distances on the street from Rock Bottom to Stow center were marked by Elm trees, the space from tree to tree being one-half of a mile. The first from Rock Bottom, being the one in front of "Minister" Randall's, now owned and occupied by Joseph Hale. The second, a little to the west of Grove School, on the site of the old school-house. The third, at Mark Whitcomb's. The fourth, at A. J. Smith's. The fifth, at Robert Carr's, and the distance from there to the store being one-half of a mile. "

From www.farnwr.org/news_details/AssabetTripNotes.html

3. Orchard Hill

Orchard Hill lies directly behind (to the west) of the mill buildings at the Route 62 (Gleasondale Road) crossing over the Assabet River in Gleasondale. The hill has played a fascinating role in the overall topographical scheme of the SuAsCo rivers system. Ron McAdow described this role in his book, The Concord Sudbury And Assabet Rivers, as follows:

New England bedrock lies beneath a thin layer of broken and powdered rock left when the ice sheet melted. A little fresh soil has been produced in the short time since glaciation, from decomposing stone and decaying vegetation. Soil is thinnest on ridges and hillsides, where it varies from inches to a few feet in depth. It becomes deeper along the bases of hills and in the valleys.

In some places glacial debris is piled high. Oval hills called drumlins are scattered throughout the Concord Basin. Orchard Hill (AS mile 17.0), at the Stow-Hudson boundary, is an example. The gentle form of this drumlin is all the more observable because it has been kept in grass. At the top of Orchard Hill, not visible from the river, is a "meltwater channel" washed out when ice melted from the glacier that once lay overhead.

Today the Assabet winds around the north of Orchard Hill. It is thought that prior to the Ice Age the Assabet ran to the south of the hill, through the current locations of Lake Boon and White's Pond, to merge with the Sudbury near Heard Pond (SU mile 18.1). This change of course was caused by the sudden drainage of a glacial lake.

Topographical maps of the area serve to underscore Ron's point. The maps indicate that the high ground or "continental divide" between the Sudbury and Assabet basins lies along Hudson and Sudbury Roads, suggesting that the Assabet River could well have flowed towards Sudbury and Wayland if the river had gone south of Orchard Hill.

4. Gleasondale (a.k.a. Randall's Mill and Rock Bottom)

Gleasondale has a long and illustrious history as a major milling center in New England. The first mill and dam - for grist and lumber - in what is now Gleasondale was built by Ebenezer Graves prior to 1750. The dam was located 80 to 100 feet downstream from the current dam. In 1769 the town built the first bridge over the Assabet (then known as the Elizabeth River) so that Abraham Randall, a respected citizen and scion of one of the first settlers, could get to his Methodist Church on Gospel Hill without getting his feet wet. In honor of the Randall family, the area in the vicinity of the dam and crossing was known at the time as Randall's Mills. (One local historian speculates that this first bridge was located just above the current dam behind the double white house at 457/459 Gleasondale Road where a number of large rocks along the bank may have served as bridge abutments.)

In 1813, the Rock Bottom Cotton & Woolen Company built a wood-framed textile mill at Randall's Mills and the emerging village and new post office became known as Rock Bottom. The current five-story brick mill building was built in 1854 after the original wooden building burned. A second building was added in 1919. Upwards of a hundred people, most living locally, were employed in the mill during this period. Textile milling continued until after World War II when operations were shut down and the building subsequently sold and converted into the Gleasondale Industrial Park.

A variety of other businesses came and went in Rock Bottom during the village's heyday in the bustling 1800's. These ranged from small artisan-type operations in woodworking, leather, farm implements, wicks, furniture, toys, and the like to the large Humphrey Brigham Shoe Factory at Railroad Avenue and Marlborough Road which employed over 100 people until it burned down in 1875.

As if in a final remembrance to a remarkable century, the name of the village and new post office was changed in 1898 from Rock Bottom to Gleasondale in honor of Benjamin Gleason and Samuel Dale who had been partners in the mill which spawned and nurtured this bustling community on the Assabet.

5. Historic Gleasondale Homes

Various of the older homes in Gleasondale reflect the golden era of New England textile milling. Unlike most of the rest of Stow the architecture in Gleasondale center is Victorian. Ethel B. Childs in her 1983 book, History of Stow, described it very eloquently (pp. 74-75) as follows:

The architecture reflected the prosperity of Rock Bottom. There was an elegance, Victorian in all its glory, quite different from the quiet conservatism in the center of [Stow]. The Gleason houses in particular are notable. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Perkins - nee Emily Gleason - have a house that has been greatly altered from its earlier style with four white columns on the front. No expense was spared; a mansard roof, a tower, and a verandah were added; the back extends from the kitchen some distance to connect with a carriage house and stables beyond.

Howard Gleason's house, built for his parents by their parents, is less ornate and more compact. A gable is arte neuveau, done in carved wood applique. Its interior is comfortable and handsome in its detail, and its fence deserves more than a passing glance. Flowers grow profusely, and lawns bounded by stone walls slope down to the Assabet River that curves around the side of a very fine drumlin on which there is a substantial farm. Still pasture for cows, one is reminded that after all, without the farmer, none of the rest could be.

The yellow Perkins house is at 449 Gleasondale Road. The original house was built in 1836. Next door at 451 Gleasondale Road is the wedding gift house of Howard Gleason and across the road at 452 Gleasondale is the Dale house which was built in 1803. A trolley line from Stow Center to Gleasondale ran across the front lawn of the Dale house in the late 1800's and early 1900's.

Vallejo, CA - July 2015

air conditioning akron oh

Get On WIth It - View On Black

São Paulo, Brazil. December 2013

B l a c k M a g i c

At Dublin Airport

Apologies to all my usual contacts for not visiting your streams of late. It's been full on. I hope to do the rounds soon.

CanonA-1

FD50mmF1.4

DNPCenturia400

35mm

Photograph by: Ryan Nyenhuis

Sunday June 15th 2008, Fathers Day. Ryan and I woke with a plan. The plan being to sneak into the abandon R.L. Hearn Thermal Generation Power Plant which is located in the south east area of downtown Toronto. We wanted to photograph the beauty of decay.

We had made a trip over to the power plant a week prior to scout out the area, to see where guards were located and to find easy access inside.

Sneaking past the guard house located at the front of the property and making our way along the north west section of property towards the back of the plant where the barbed wire fence was weakest.

We then smoked three quarters of a joint together before working up the nerve to hop the fence. Ryan went first, watching him hop the fence and dart out into the yard and hiding behind scrap metal for cover then finally making it to the back of the building. Then it was my turn. What excitement that was, knowing your breaking the law to do something adventurous.

After getting onto the property we were standing at the back of the Hearn and looking for our way inside. To do so we had to hop up onto a metal fence post and from there had to reach up and grab a hold of plywood that covered up the tall entrance area. A good 15 foot climb up, over and in.

Once inside the first photo that was taken was the one of Ryan and I standing together, titled "final hours".

This place was like no other we had ever explored together. The shear size of it all was breathtaking and mind blowing at the same time. The beauty of destruction.

After the first photo was taken we started exploring the plant. Taking the necessary precautions we had come prepared with asbestos masks and flashlights.

We had made our way around on the ground floor, through locker rooms, showers, storage rooms. Then we started making our way up stairs to the 2nd and 3rd level offices, had the remainder of our joint together.

From the office levels we went back onto the factory area and started climbing the metal stairs up further still. Some photos show how high up we were in that building.

We then made ourselves up onto the roof. What a view from there looking out over the city core. Looking out over Lake Ontario we saw really dark storm clouds. Ryan pulled out a cigarette and had a smoke.

We were up on the roof for about a half hour before Ryan asked me "what do you want to do now man?". "Do you want to go home now or stay a bit longer and explore?". My camera battery had died at this point and being there any longer served no purpose for me. I was hesitant on a response because at the same time I wanted to keep exploring because the plan was to keep coming back weekend after weekend to explore and document the old structure.

I then agreed to keep exploring. We came in off the roof, coming down a level, walked through a doorway into a long looking dark room. All across the top level of The Hearn runs conveyor belts that run coal from one end to the other. Walking together along the metal grating flooring. Ryan was 2 feet in front of me.

I then ended up tripping over a small extruded piece of metal on the floor, and from that second on I pointed my flashlight directly onto the floor to see where I was walking.

Very shortly after this happens, in mid sentence Ryan just falls into blackness. All I see is from his waist up as he plunges into complete blackness and followed by about 4-5 seconds before hearing a sick crash far below.

I then look 2 feet in front of me and see there is no more floor. My imediant thought is that he is dead. Then my brain clicks "I have to get my best friend out of here".

I then tried my best to back track to get out of the building, taking a route that he and I had not taken to get to this point. All I knew is I had to get out of The Hearn and find someone that could help.

I don't even know how I got out of that place. When I did I came out on the back side of the building, ran around to the guard house screaming for help.

I screamed to the guard that my best friend just fell in there and is hurt really bad, he asked what we were doing in there and I told him we were just taking photos.

The guard then called like every paramedic, fire and police officer in the city. About 10 minutes after the call was made all I could hear were the sirens. Scared and relived at the same time I was.

Once they all showed up I told them Ryan was in there, that we were up high in the building and he fell. All the cops were telling me to retrace my steps, they wanted to see where we came in from. I screamed at them "we don't have time for that right now, my best friend is dying in there". I then started leading them to the front of the Hearn because I knew it was the closet way inside. We get to the front and all entrances were boarded up. One cops said to me "Ian there is no way in through this way, you have to show us where you came in from". I then demanded to the fire fighters that they bust this plywood down to get inside.

Once inside the cops started fucking with my mind, me being in total shock at the time they started asking me where we had explored, they wanted me to take them on what would have been a few hours of exploration, which we didn't have time for.

Then an officer finds his asbestos mask and glasses. My first thought is he was okay, that he somehow managed to crawl out under his own power. I was wrong. His mask and glasses had bounced off of objects on the fall and Ryan was nowhere to be found.

The police tried getting a hold of Rogers Communication to see if they could pin point his location with the cell phone he had on him. They ended up using thermal vision to locate him. He was trapped in a coal hopper located high up in the building.

I was escorted out at this point in time because I was too "hysterical" for the cops liking.

Two and a half hours went by, a fierce thunderstorm was passing through.

While they were working on getting Ryan out I was giving my statement to the police. Never gave one of those in my life. I told them everything that I am writing here right now, everything, even the joint smoking. I had Nothing to hide.

We went in undetected but I didn't care if the whole world was watching at this point, I was doing what any best friend would do. I was trying to save him. City Pulse News was there and I was trying to hide from them. I was scared that this is how his family would find out and how my family would find out, being Fathers days and all.

After two and a half hours of hell they finally got Ryan out. I watched them carry him out on a backboard and I yelled to him that I loved him.

Ryan was rushed to St. Micheal's Hospital, the best in all the city for trauma.

I followed about an hour after him, being escorted in a police car. On the drive one officer said to me "this is going to cost you and your buddy about a hundred thousand dollars for all that had to be done here today". What a jackass thing to say. I responded by saying "I don't give a fuck about money, take all I have from me I don't care, I'm loosing the most important person in my life right now".

We get to the hospital, I enter the trauma wing of St. Micheal's. They told me that I was going to be the one to call the home of the Nyenhuis'. I thought that was insane, and told them I could not make that call, that they would have to.

I then went into the waiting room, sat down. I remember the NBA finals were on the televisions in there and I ended up falling asleep somehow.

Waking to Stevie and Tammy's faces hours later (Stevie being Ryan's room mate and Tammy being Ryan's girlfriend).

Stevie told me that John and Cheryl were on their way and that we could go up stairs to the trauma ward to see Ryan.

The trauma centre, located on the 9th floor of St. Micheal's Hospital.

Hours passed by, as the night went on the news kept getting worse and worse about his condition.

I ended up leaving to come back to my apartment at 6am the following morning, I had to talk to my parents and try and shovel some food into my system. Still being in shock and never got treatment for shock when it happened.

I returned to the hospital at 3pm that day. Only to find nothing had changed with his condition.

Then came the worst words I ever had to hear, Ryan's father coming in the room and telling me it was time to say goodbye to Ryan.

We made our way into where he was being cared for. To see my best friend in the state he was in broke my heart. Blood coming out the back of his head, body black and blue bruised from head to toe, internal damage that could not be repaired, feeling his forehead and it being ice cold. He was laying there in front of us, dead. Machines were the only thing keeping him "alive".

I said my goodbyes to him, telling him that he can't leave me here, he can't leave the creation of Studies In Comfort behind, something that is so brilliant, that we were supposed to take over the world together and do all that was planned. I told him to haunt me.

I then looked at his eyes and saw tears. He may have been brain dead but I know he heard every word I said. Doctors did not give an explanation to what was coming out of his eyes.

If only I had said to Ryan "hey man watch your step" he might still be alive today. I have been told over and over again that I can not blame myself for what happened that day. I sometimes still do.

Ryan and I once had a conversation that if something ever happened to one of us that Studies In Comfort would stop, without a core creator there is no sense to continue it. Well I am going against those wishes. I can't lose what he and I created even before it took off the ground.

I now know my purpose in life. To carry on Studies In Comfort. I must continue on for him, finish off the 3 studio albums we had in the works and continue on with this art form.

Ryan died at the wheel and I have moved his lifeless body to the passengers seat and now a fucking insane madman is driving.

Ryan Nyenhuis, whos favourite artist was Nine Inch Nails, who lived on floor number 9, who wore a roman numeral 9 on his right arm, who died on the 9th floor at St. Micheal's Hospital, Toronto.

Thank you to 55 Division and all the paramedics and fire fighters who helped get Ryan out of that terrible dark place.

Ryan Nyenhuis is survived by his father, John, mother Cheryl, sisters, Jennifer and Leah, their beautiful children, myself and Studies In Comfort.

Ryan John Nyenhuis

July 28th 1981 - June 15th 2008

We love and miss you.

___________________________

All photographs were taken by Ryan Nyenhuis & Ian Levack with a Casio EX-Z1050 camera.

A firefighter from San Diego Fire Station 21, at Mission Blvd and Grand Ave in Pacific Beach, joins other members of the SDFD for physical training on the beach--located a block away from their station. Firefighters need to be in top physical condition. Their turnout gear alone weighs about 55 pounds, and one length of fire hose weighs roughly the same. There are less demanding jobs.

Stout's Hotel Marquee: Air Conditioned, Steam Heat and Referigerated

Villa Yiali Glossa

www.skopelosholidays.de

Property description

Villa Yiali has one air-conditioned bedroom (with extra fold-down bed or cot), and is fully self-contained with kitchen, one bathroom, sitting area, large balcony and private outside space. Enjoying stunning views over the adjacent islands of Skiathos and Evia, the gardens and pool area are a haven of relaxation. In addition, the location at the edge of the village of Glossa means that shops, bakery, cafes and tavernas are within a few minutes walk. Otherwise the beautiful area to the north of Skopelos island is also within easy reach with many walks and trails accessible. The west facing aspect delivers the most breathtaking sunsets from the garden, whilst the sun traverses from the south giving all-day sunshine – the terrace and trees giving shade and cool when required.Glossa is situated on the northwest coast of Skopelos, 10 minutes from the port of Loutraki where the ferry docks from the neighboring island of Skiathos and the nearest airport. The ferry journey is about 25 minutes.

Accommodation description:

Bedrooms:

Bedroom. King sized bed and open traditional beamed ceiling and wooden floors. Air conditioned with dressing area and double access to large balcony. Ample storage, hairdryer, full length mirror, sofa-bed or cot if required. Quality bed linen from M&S

Bathrooms:

Located on the ground floor, with shower cabinet, washbasin and wc. Quality towels and locally made olive oil soap, complimentary gels from L'Occitane and Body Shop provided.

Kitchen:

Whirlpool appliances. Oven and ceramic hob, microwave, fridge freezer. Ample kitchen storage with quality pans, crockery and cutlery. Fully equipped. Laundry machine (detergent provided). Complimentary welcome pack. Tea, coffee, bread, cheese, wine etc.

Living Rooms:

Wooden floor, fold down dining table, open fire place. TV, DVD, iPod dock, WiFi, satellite TV, comfortable furniture. Most living is outdoors and there is a patio table and 6 chairs under a shady verandah, as well as a morning coffee set on the balcony.

Cleaning/Towels/Linen/Maid service:

All towels/beach towels/pool towels and linen provided. The house is cleaned and

changed twice each week. Outside BBQ, pool shower, sunbeds. Don't use valuable luggage space with towels as they are all provided.

Amenities/Facilities:

Barbecue, Private Pool, Garden.

Fridge/Freezer, Hob/Stove, Iron, Microwave, Oven, Washing Machine.

Air Conditioning, Cot, High Chair, Internet Access, Room Fans, Satellite, TV.

Location Type:

Beach, Village.

Important notes on accommodation

This former ‘kalivi’ was painstakingly restored in the traditional village style and is finished to a high standard of craftsmanship. The private garden, pool area and planted terraces provide a ‘home from home’ feel.

We make sure that we provide most kitchen essentials that many rental house lack such as condiments, some spices , sugar, coffee and tea together with our own olive oil for the kitchen. Soap powder, washing up liquid, in fact most kitchen comforts that we feel you shouldn't have to worry about on your holidays.

We also provide all towels including beach towels and pool towels. There are even beach mats and an umbrella available for that inevitable visit to one of Skopelos’s enviable beaches.

If you visit in June / July / August, as a highlight to your stay your holiday price will include dinner for two on one night at the acclaimed Agnanti restaurant (5 minutes walk away). Please ask us for details.

About the area

Accessibility

Glossa is unfortunately not wheelchair friendly due to the steps. However, it is possible to walk (within 10 minutes) from the main road to Villa Yiali with only 1 or 2 inclines and no steps. Parking can be arranged close by. Pets accepted by prior arrangement.

Outside

There is a private garden area approx 400 sq. mtrs. with a swimming pool of 7m by 4m, gently sloping to a depth of 1.6m. Along two sides of the pool are underwater seating areas allowing relaxation and refreshment at the same time. The private gardens are not overlooked and offer stunning views over the Aegean to Skiathos, Pilion, towards Mount Olympus in the north and even towards Athens.

Coast/Beach

The closest beach is at Loutraki, with a few tavernas / cafe’s. This is 10 minutes drive or a pleasant 25 minute downhill walk. Within 20 minutes drive are the beaches on Armenopetra, Elios, Milia, Kastani and Panormos. Glossa enjoys a unique position between both sides of the island, and the famous Mamma Mia church at Aghios Ioanni is only 15 minutes drive, as is the beach at Perivoliou. Buses run about every 2 hours in the high season. Skopelos town and the south of the island are 35 mins away

Special Interest Holidays

We have friends on the island who are running sea kayaking tours for all levels of experience and there are mountain bikes to hire to explore the beautiful deserted tracks that lead through the mountains. With a license and an off-road motorbike you can take a guided trail ride up the mountains, jeep, 4x4 or quad bike, or you can rent a motor boat or yacht or go on a sea fishing trip. Walking, birdwatching, painting and local crafts are all available. Also at the villa we have a telescope for stargazing, which on a balmy summer evening opens up the whole universe.

How to get there

Nearest airport is Skiathos which is 25 minutes by boat from the local port of Loutraki (Glossa). Volos airport is on the mainland then its 2hrs 20 by boat to Glossa. Athens and Thessaloniki both connect through. Out of season there is an air connection from Athens to Skiathos which takes only 25 minutes with Olympic Air. We can advise you on flights and also book you a car at discount rates from a small family company on the island (the car will be waiting for you next to the boat as it docks)

Distances

Glossa town is a traditional hill village with shops, cafe’s, bakeries and tavernas. Villa Yiali is on the edge of the village and all amenities are within 10 minutes walk.

Skopelos Town, the main center of the island is about 35 minutes drive away, from where day trips to Alonissos and the World Marine Park are available. Loutraki (10 mins) has much of archaeological interest, including remains of Roman baths and a hill fort. Ancient ruins remain on Mount Delphi and surrounding areas.

Further Details

Glossa has a selection of tavernas,cafe’s and restaurants including one regarded as the best in the Aegean, a number of local supermarkets, bakeries and butchers. Fish is sold from vans or straight from the port of Glossa (known as Loutraki).

Loutraki also has a number of tavernas on the waterfront, and cafes. We will be happy to help you with recommendations and advise on travel arrangements. We will collect you from the port and lead you to the house, introducing you to the wonderful wood fired bakery and friendly little supermarket on the way and demonstrate all the features of the house before leaving you to relax in this beautiful environment. As the English owners, we live next door! Unlike some villa owners, we do not charge commissions or receive payments from restaurants, car hire companies and the like. Our advice is impartial and geared to the needs of the holidaymaker. During June, July and August we offer an included meal for two at the renowned Agnanti restaurant for one night of your stay. Otherwise we have arrangements to have quality restaurant food delivered to your holiday villa so that you can enjoy the local cuisine without the trouble of leaving your comfortable surroundings.

Booking notes

Please contact us for booking details. A deposit of 20% is required to confirm booking. Deposits received will confirm booking and remainder to be payed 6 weeks in advance of arrival. If you wish to pay in € that isn't a problem we use the National Bank of Greece rates on the day of

booking confirmation and set that as your personal rate so there are no surprises with rate fluctuations. Cancellation will forfeit 10% of the booking cost if it is more than 6 weeks, otherwise the full is payable.

www.skopelosholidays.de

All Air Services provides the Australia leading company of Air conditioners in Perth. Offered with Air conditioning repairs and installation, contact us now. Wanneroogas and air is Australia’s leading brands of Air Conditioning Repairs Perth. We provide best offers for air conditioning repair and installation. @ wanneroogasandair.com.au/air-conditioning-installation-re...

The number of air conditioning units used in China is beyond belief!

The home my husband and I bought had central heating and air conditioner when we bought it. However, after a few years we started having issues with our AC.

© This photograph is copyrighted. Under no circumstances can it be reproduced, distributed, modified, copied, posted to websites or printed or published in media or other medium or used for commercial or other uses without the prior written consent and permission of the photographer.

okay, so by a crazy crazy coincidence, both of the mystery air conditioners I posted a few days back are both the same brand in which I never heard of before. furthermore, the are both in OREGON, different parts, but same state none the less. this tells me that the were probably only distributed on the west coast. also note that they appear to be made by Gibson. the brown one represents the medium sized ones, and the white one looks like the smaller ones. is all of this coincidence? I think not... id like some input on this one if anyone has any for me. that brown one may be the nicest unit with the Gibson outside case ever made. wouldn't mind owning this unit if it were close by.

Aquired 7-16-2013

So, i picked up my 1955 GE today out of the auto body shop. the thing still works perfectly and blows ice cold air out of the front and some really hot air out of the back. this beast is freakin' heavy too!! Here is some photos to show the quality. this is before cleaning. i will post pictures of the case and the front grille tomorrow. i have to go back for the grill and front cover and to spray some insulation in around the new one. i dont need to do any painting for this unit as it was never exposed to any weather elements.

I borrowed this photo from another Flickr user, Christop. Here is the original URL:http://www.flickr.com/photos/christop/ / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Got this 10,000 BTU A/C for the main living area of our apartment, which joins the 5,500 BTU unit we have in the bedroom.

An infographic showing different models, together with some fast facts and stats

ROOF HEAT PROOFING COMPANY PROFILE:

We would like to introduce ourselves as one of the Pioneer of ROOF HEAT PROOFING in Pakistan. Our company was established in the year 2000.

ROOF HEAT PROOFING Family Business Background.

Our Business Background is that we are importer of chemicals. When Pakistan got independence our grandfather Mr.Abdul Khaliq Gandhak wala (Late) was the first one to open a chemical outlet in Jodia Bazar Karachi. Every chemical related industrialist and Business men know him really well.

What is ROOF HEAT PROOFING Cool Tech?

In chemical field, we started ROOF HEAT PROOFING, a new business which fulfills the need of every house, Factory, Office, Hotel, School, Hospital and any other organization. ROOF HEAT PROOFING is the mixture of different types of chemicals, and Sun block chemicals from Pakistan, Korea, China and Germany.

ROOF HEAT PROOFING Vision and Mission.

After 35 years all over the world such as USA, GULF, Saudi Arabia and Hot region countries Cool Tech brought ROOF HEAT PROOFING facility in Pakistan in 2000. Approx.: 8000sq ft clean Area can be done within a day without any disturbance and noise. You can use your roof conveniently and you can search that type of coating on internet by any search engine like yahoo Google etc. Just mention ROOF HEAT PROOFING. Your Air Conditioner Bill will be deducted around 20 to 30%. Recommended by Engineers and consultant all over the world.

WHY ROOF HEAT PROOFING IS NECESSARY FOR ALL TOP FLOORS.

ROOF HEAT PROOFING saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills.

Cool Tech Saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills. The best reason to use Cool tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is simply put……..You save Money! How much does it cost? Well, considering reduced electric bills, less wear and tear on air conditioner components, extended roof life, increased comfort and the beauty supplied, it’s almost FREE! Cool Tech will help pay for itself before you know it by enabling you to save 20-30% of your electricity cost. Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is a high built coating made from highly water-resistant polymers and additives that give flexibility and durability.

ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against hot sun rays.

Roof Heat Proofing provides SOLAR REFLECTANCE, which means it reflects most of the infrared and visible light striking the surface of the coating. Over 80% of the light striking Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is reflected back into the atmosphere and away from your roof. Then Roof Heat Proofing repels over 80% of the heat striking it. It bounces this heat back into the atmosphere. This synergistic effect means that Cool Tech reflects the majority of radiant energy away from the structure while the micro-porous structure of the coating dissipated and blocks any radiation that is absorbed and reduces the energy transmitted to the substrate.

ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against thermal shocks

Roof Heat Proofing also helps prevent thermal shocks. A hot roof can experience thermal shocks when a passing shower of cold rain hits the hot roof causing a rapid and tremendously violent contraction. These violent contractions can rip seams open, pop fasteners out of the roofs substrate, pull flashing out of the imbedding plies and generally destroys your roof. Keeping your roof cool prevents the radical contraction that leads to “ROOF SHOCK”, premature roof failure and costly replacement costs.

SOME OF OUR VALUABLE CLIENTS (COMMERCIAL)

• BAY VIEW HIGH SCHOOL CLIFTON 2012

• PAK GREASE MANUFAC KEEMARI KARACHI 2013

• BONANZA GARMENTS 2013

• SOUTH SHORE O-LEVEL SCHOOL DHA 2013

• KARACHI GRAMMAR SCHOOL CLIFTON 2011

• SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CO. LTD. SITE 2010

• (FOTCO) FAUJI OIL TERMINAL & DISTRIBUTION Co. Ltd (PORT QASIM) 2010

• OYSTER TECHNOLOGIC (PVT)LTD KORANGI 2011

• THE RESIDENCY HOTEL (LAHORE) 2011

• ARENA KARSAZ (2010)

• ARY DIGITAL NETWORK STUDIO (SITE) 2009

• MERCK (PVT) LTD QUETTA 2011

• CARE LOGISTIC SHARA-E-FAISAL 2011

• PRECISION POLYMERS (PVT) LIMITED 2011

• S. ABDULLAH & COMPANY (K-SHAMSHEER) (DHA) 2005

• MEDICAIDS PAKISTAN PVT LTD (KORANGI) 2011

• ICON TOWER (SITE OFFICE) ADJACENT ABDULLAH SHAH GHAZI MAZAR 2010

• CENTURY 21 TEXTILE (S.I.T.E) 2004

• HAKEEM ABDUL GHAFFAR AGHA (AGHA HERBAL, TARIQ ROAD) 2009

• (FOTCO) GUEST HOUSE (DHA) 2010

• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009

• EDEN ROBE GARMENTS (SITE) 2007

• RAZAQUE STEEL (SITE) 2008

• STAR CNG N.NAZIMABAD 2011

• ST. PETERS HIGH SCHOOL KASHMIR ROAD 2009

• K.N. ACCADEMY (MALIR CANTT) 2003

• HAMPTON SCHOOL (CLIFTON) 2007

• WOODWARDS (PVT) LTD (AMEER KHUSRO ROAD) 2010

• CHAS. A MENDOZA (RAZI ROAD) 2010

• KIRAN HOSPITAL (SAFFORA GOTH) 2004

• USMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (F.B. AREA) 2003

• CIVIL HOSPITAL 2004

• M.M. TOWERS (DHA) (MAIN KHAYABAN-E-ITEHAD) 2004

• LOYA ASSOCIATE (P.E.C.H.S) 2005

• ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE (KORANGI OFFICE AREA) 2010

• OXYHEALTH LOUNGE & RELAXATION CLUB (CLIFTON) 2008

• SHAN SILK (KORANGI) 2011

SOME OF OUR VALUABALE CLIENTS (RESIDENTIAL)

• MR. FAROOQ (BONANAZA GARMENTS) 2013

• MR. JUNAID JAMSHED DHA 2013

• MR ASHRAF S/O MR. LIAQUT ALI KHAN 1ST PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN

• MIAN NASEER ARCHITECT 2013

• MR. SIKANDER BAKHT (FORMER PAKISTANI CRICKETER) D.H.A 2011

• MR. MASOOD HASSAN (CLIFTON) 2009 M/S. SIEMENS CO. LTD. SITE 2010

• MR. MURAD ALI SHAH MINISTOR OF IRRIGATION AND POWER (DHA) 2010

• MR. IMRAN S. SATTAR OXFORD SWETTERS DHA 2011

• MR. ASGHAR RANGOON WALA (ROYAL RODALE CLUB) (DHA) 2007

• MR YASIN SIDDIQUI CHAIRMAN “APTMA” DHA 2010 (SINDH & BALOCHISTAN ZONE)

• MR. SAJJAD HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010

• MR. SARFARAZ HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010

• MR. RAFIQ (ORIENT TEXTILE) DHA 2011.

• MS. FATIMA (D/O LATE MR. KAMAL FILM ACTOR) DHA 2011

• MR. BUKSH JUMANI (KHAIRPUR HOUSE) DHA 2011

• MR DANISH KHWAJA (A.R.Y) 2011 D.H.A / MR. NOFEL HUM T.V. 2011

• MR. YOUSUF DEWAN. (DEWAN GROUP OF INDUSTRIES) (DHA) 2003

• MR. HAMZA FAROOQ / MR. ABDUL BAAQI DEWAN. (DHA) 2008

• DR. RAHEEM-UL-HAQ (DHA) (SOUTH CITY HOSPITAL CLIFTON) 2007

• DR. ZEENAT ESSANI D.H.A 2008 / DR. ZAKIR ALVI D.H.A 2011

• MR. A. KARIM PARACHA (C.I.M. SHIPPING COMPANY) (DHA) 2008

• MR. SHAKEEL MASOOD (C.E. DAWN NEWS). (DHA) 2008

• MR ABBAS / MR SHABBIR (ARENA KARSAZ) 2010

• MR. AHMED ZAFAR EMIRATES GLOBAL BANK (DHA) 2010

• MR. POLAD SUZUKI MOTORS DEALER CLIFTON 2010

• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009

• MR SIKANDAR (CAFÉ FLOW) / MR. NADEEM ISLAM (BAYVIEW SCHOOL)

• MR. ALI ADAMJEE / MR. BILAL DAILY AGHAZ NEWS DHA 2010

• MR. HASSAN AKHTER (DHA) (MATRIX COMPANY CLIFTON) 2004

• MR. BILAL (DHA) DAILY AGHAZ NEWS 2009

• MR. NOSHAER (YAZDANI MOTORS D.H.A) 2008

• MRS. ANWAR PIONEER CABLES (D.H.A) 2011

• MR. ASLAM PAKISTAN CABLES (CLIFTON) 2011

• MR. ABDUL HANNAN (KHAS INDUSTRIES) D.H.A 2010

• MR. NAVEED ILLAHI “ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE” (DHA RESIDENCE) 2010.

roof heat proofing, roof treatment services, roof insulation pakistan, roof insulation chemical, roof heat protection, heat reflection white coating, heat proof HOME

Roof Heat Proofing for existing roofs to protect your place from heat.

Available in all major cities of Pakistan.

For client list and more details.

contact: salman matin

03332284724

02135486688

www.cooltechpk.com/videos.html

www.cooltechpk.com

www.facebook.com/cooltech2000

www.facebook.com/roofheatproofing

www.facebook.com/roofheatproofingkarachi

www.roofheatproofing.com ,

www.roofinsulationpakistan.com,

www.roofinsulationchemical.com

www.rooftreatmentservices.com

www.cooltech.com.pk

Inside the Victory Liner Bus

Alleyway off Surrey Street.

air conditioner repair pensacola

Elite Mechanical Systems, LLC

8804 Grow Drive

Pensacola, FL 32514

(850) 332-5123

www.EliteMechanical.us

Full Service Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing company serving Pensacola as well as Milton, Pace, Molino, Cantonment, Gulf Breeze, and tiger Point. We are licensed, bonded, and insured for your protection.

Window in a backstreet in Sanford, Florida