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Waiale‘e, O‘ahu.
Here are a few more pinhole photos of an abandoned dormitory building that was part of the Boy's Industrial School. From what I've learned, the building was built in the early 1900's and was in use till the 1930s.
Le Bambole Mk. VI, "The Mini" pinhole camera. Expired Fujifilm Provia 100F film. Exposure: f/125 and 1/2 second.
Evening mist over the ice near our house.
(And don't nobody try to tell me the little Canon isn't a great camera...)
There are two air conditioners in my flat. When I last April first moved in, one of them began leaking which prompted a phone call from management informing me of this quality of life abomination. At the time, in my ignorance, I didn't bother to inform the landlord: I simply started the other air conditioner up and, it working perfectly, didn't have to trouble myself over these infernal machines for a year.
Last week, however, that all changed. The other machine, which had held up so well as to beguile me into a false sense of climate-controlled security, unleashed a steady trickle of water - drip, drip, drip - onto the flats below. Nonetheless, what between the myriad professional revelations and the impact of years of spiritual checks inundating me this past week, taking care of this leaky contraption dropped off my radar, up until the verbal warnings given to me by the building management became written ones, to which I surely had to respond.
It took a few days to finally reach my landlord with whom I had rarely spoken since he took control of the flat a few months earlier. In the meantime, I had called the repairman - that same surly bloke who has visited me on numerous occasions during my stay in this building; a verily grim reaper of repairs - to attend to the matter of fixing the leaking units. He came, pulled the unit out from the wall after exerting himself mightily, and then judged the situation - hopeless. The air conditioners indeed were so old and were installed so ineptly that removing one from its precipitous resting place to examine, even, would destroy the machine as he had just discovered. The verdict was to scrap the air conditioners and to purchase new ones. The repairman left the carcass of the conditioner on the floor, and used its cover to plug up the gaping hole in the wall as best as he could.
The landlord and his wife eventually visited the flat a few days later. They had never seen the flat before, and had purchased it as though they were blind and dumb. Unfortunately, upon inspecting the awkward configuration of the unit and hearing its disrepair history, which I readily supplied, both they and I realized how we had been conned by the previous landlord, a shifty sales agent who knew how to cover structural blemishes with a wave of a hand and a few cajoling words. The flat, as far as they were concerned, was not as they had imagined in their ignorance based on the duplicity of the previous landlord; and little wonder that that landlord wanted me to take responsibility for the air conditioners, I realized! The new landlords, humbled by their tragic mistakes, departed my abode to consider their options, the foremost of which is to flip the flat as soon as possible.
Actually, it hasn't been too taxing to sleep without an air conditioner. I purchased a steady fan which can blow a comforting gale into my face for hours at a time without it offering as much as a flinch.
But, the bugs began crawling on the walls. They either came out of the air conditioning unit, or they came in from the outside, through the hole in the wall. I only noticed these diabolical, diminutive vermin a few days ago. I had just stepped out of the shower when I examined closely the wall and remarked, "crap, there are dozens of small bugs crawling on my wall!" The initial shock rattled me greatly, only to transform into an arctic chill deep within my bones when I saw a few of these insects on the frame of my bed. That they were the benign sort neither bent on eating my flesh nor crawling into my orifices was my prayer. Thankfully, they have so far stayed away from my pillow, settling instead comfortably on my wall where they have multiplied exponentially over the past few days. The landlord recommended getting the repairman to remove the air conditioning obstruction from my flat as soon as possible, and covering up the hole in the wall with plastic wrap as well.
There are two air conditioners in my flat. When I last April first moved in, one of them began leaking which prompted a phone call from management informing me of this quality of life abomination. At the time, in my ignorance, I didn't bother to inform the landlord: I simply started the other air conditioner up and, it working perfectly, didn't have to trouble myself over these infernal machines for a year.
Last week, however, that all changed. The other machine, which had held up so well as to beguile me into a false sense of climate-controlled security, unleashed a steady trickle of water - drip, drip, drip - onto the flats below. Nonetheless, what between the myriad professional revelations and the impact of years of spiritual checks inundating me this past week, taking care of this leaky contraption dropped off my radar, up until the verbal warnings given to me by the building management became written ones, to which I surely had to respond.
It took a few days to finally reach my landlord with whom I had rarely spoken since he took control of the flat a few months earlier. In the meantime, I had called the repairman - that same surly bloke who has visited me on numerous occasions during my stay in this building; a verily grim reaper of repairs - to attend to the matter of fixing the leaking units. He came, pulled the unit out from the wall after exerting himself mightily, and then judged the situation - hopeless. The air conditioners indeed were so old and were installed so ineptly that removing one from its precipitous resting place to examine, even, would destroy the machine as he had just discovered. The verdict was to scrap the air conditioners and to purchase new ones. The repairman left the carcass of the conditioner on the floor, and used its cover to plug up the gaping hole in the wall as best as he could.
The landlord and his wife eventually visited the flat a few days later. They had never seen the flat before, and had purchased it as though they were blind and dumb. Unfortunately, upon inspecting the awkward configuration of the unit and hearing its disrepair history, which I readily supplied, both they and I realized how we had been conned by the previous landlord, a shifty sales agent who knew how to cover structural blemishes with a wave of a hand and a few cajoling words. The flat, as far as they were concerned, was not as they had imagined in their ignorance based on the duplicity of the previous landlord; and little wonder that that landlord wanted me to take responsibility for the air conditioners, I realized! The new landlords, humbled by their tragic mistakes, departed my abode to consider their options, the foremost of which is to flip the flat as soon as possible.
Actually, it hasn't been too taxing to sleep without an air conditioner. I purchased a steady fan which can blow a comforting gale into my face for hours at a time without it offering as much as a flinch.
But, the bugs began crawling on the walls. They either came out of the air conditioning unit, or they came in from the outside, through the hole in the wall. I only noticed these diabolical, diminutive vermin a few days ago. I had just stepped out of the shower when I examined closely the wall and remarked, "crap, there are dozens of small bugs crawling on my wall!" The initial shock rattled me greatly, only to transform into an arctic chill deep within my bones when I saw a few of these insects on the frame of my bed. That they were the benign sort neither bent on eating my flesh nor crawling into my orifices was my prayer. Thankfully, they have so far stayed away from my pillow, settling instead comfortably on my wall where they have multiplied exponentially over the past few days. The landlord recommended getting the repairman to remove the air conditioning obstruction from my flat as soon as possible, and covering up the hole in the wall with plastic wrap as well.
A mint condition Steward’s medal from the Royal Commercial Travellers Schools (RCTS) at Elliot Hall near Pinner, Middlesex. This medal would have been issued between 1918 and 1965 before its name changed to The Royal Pinner Schools. The schools closed down in 1967 due to financial difficulties and since then the buildings have gone through many uses before it was purchased by the Harrow Council as a new venue for their Arts Centre. The medal shows the Staff of Mercury which forms the central part of the school’s crest and from which past pupils are known as Old Mercurians.
The RCTS was a boarding school for the sons and daughters of “Commercial Travellers, Sales & Technical Representatives and Manufacturer’s Agents”. Admissions to the schools were prioritised according to the means of their parents for example; orphans of deceased parents or of parents who no longer had the capacity to make a living were given priority. From 1949, fee-paying pupils were admitted provided there were vacancies and subject to the parent’s income with fee levels being set accordingly.
The schools were founded in 1845 by John Robert Cuffley, a commercial traveller, for children of orphaned and “necessitous” fellow commercial travellers. The schools could accommodate around 365 pupils aged from 5 to 18 years and provided education to both O-level and A-level standards. Funding of the RCTS was mainly through voluntary contributions as they received no State grants.
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References:
www.childrenshomes.org.uk/PinnerTravellers/?LMCL=SO7d5D (A good history of the RCTS schools and that at Pinner).
www.royalcommercialtravellersschools.org.uk/ (RCTS website).
www.royalcommercialtravellersschools.org.uk/memorabilia/p... (Interesting article from Picture Post (1956) about everyday life in the RCTS).
drblayney.com/Asclepius.html (Staff of Mercury article).
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Enamels: 1 (blue).
Finish: Bright gilt.
Material: Brass.
Fixer: Pin ( 2 ½“ long).
Size: 3 ¼“ x 1 ½“ including the ribbon (about 82mm x 37mm).
Process: Die-stamped.
Maker: Spencer, London.
Thank you for reading.
Stuart.
This photo is part of a photo documentation condition status record of the Pasture Wash site, to include the ranger station, barn, water trough, cistern and water catchment system. This site is located within the Signal Hill Fire Tower District in Grand Canyon National Park. Each of these historic structures is included in the List of Classified Structures. All photos were taken on June 16, 2011 as part of an Interdisciplinary Team site visit. Visit intent included a visual condition assessment of the historic structures, photo documentation of the structures and discussion on necessary and proper conservation measures for structure rehabilitation.
Strength and Conditioning coach Rich Casella works with student athletes in the James Gym fitness center, fall term, 2021. Photography by Glenn Minshall.
If you are like me, and believe in keeping your car looking as close to showroom new as possible all the time, then interior care is just as important as the exterior. And automobile leather is NO exception. Leather in general, is rather robust, and degenerates slowly, taking about 50-55 years to disentigrate completely, depending on how it was originally cured. Proper treatment and conditioning, can extend that.
NOW, there are three main factors that determine the lifespan of leather in automobiles. First one, and probably the most important, is sunlight. Most cars made after 2000 have gotten better with this, but, tinted windows will SAVE an interior. I cannot stress that enough. If you buy a new car, that has no tint, go buy some 70% VLT tint. It's very light, one can hardly tell there is a tint there, not even enough to really darken the windows, but it will SAVE everything inside your car. My car has a factory tint, and believe me. My interior still looks new. No fading or warping anywhere.
When a tint is not applied to the windows of a car, whether factory or aftermarket, all of the suns rays are magnified inside the interior. (Picture sitting out in the sun every day, from sun up, to sun down, for years) because of this, after 5-10 years, that nice navy blue interior of yours has become a sky blue, and every time you touch the steering wheel, more original dye comes off. Of course, the effects this has on leather is remarkably poisonous. The leather absorbs the UV rays, and the UV rays pull the original conditioners, protectants, oils, etc out of the leather, until it becomes hard and dry. When the leather gets in this condition, it will tear very easily. It is no suprise to find cars from the 80's and early 90's with completely shredded interiors, simply because they were not taken care of.
Second biggest life span shortener, is us. Without conditioning the leather, it slowly becomes dry and brittle, and our sweat, tears, spilled Pepsi, etc does nothing to help it. In most cases, the leather will get "stress marks" or creases in it. Not a big deal, bound to happen, but, because it is not being conditioned and taken care of, the stress creases, become small cracks and tears. Very small, not a big deal, until you flop down one day and hear "Riiiip!" naturally, you jump up, scared to death that your friends will see your "Valentine's Day Special" boxers, but, to your dismay, there is a 4" long split in the center of the bottom of the seat. At this point, you realize, your pride and joy...isn't so new anymore, and....most people, simply do not care. The tear gets worse, and many more follow, until it gets to the point where you are pretty much just sitting on shreds of leather and foam cushion. Then, you break out the photos of the car when you first brought it home, and hold up the pic to your seat, and sigh.
Third largest, is a mixture of neglect, and lack of cleaning/conditioning. As you know, little bits and pieces of sand, dirt, and other debris will fall on the seat. Some people do not notice, and the particles get drug across the seat, scratching as they go. This creates a weak point, which will definately become a crease, and eventually a crack, if not taken care of. This type of thing, among lack of care, leads to cracked and split leather interiors.
Leather itself, is very robust, but like anything, it must be cared for. If you don't want to take the time, cheap out and get cloth.
So, here is how you PROPERLY take care of a leather interior, which will prevent any form of tears/cracks for probably as long as you own the car.
NEW CARS :
First thing you should do, is tint the windows. Window tint isn't only for punk-ass kids in Toyota Supra's that try and rattle your mirrors off at stoplights. They are very beneficial to the interior of a car, as I mentioned earlier. If your car came with factory tint, you're good. Next, upon getting the car home, Use some form of leather cleaner/conditioner on the seats. I recommend LEXOL. This removes any excess oils, dust, dirt, and sweat from the time the car was manufactured, to when you bought it, giving you a great foundation for future care. Next, apply cleaner/ conditioner every 2-3 weeks, or whenever a soda or some other such thing is spilled, if car is a daily driver. By doing this for several years, you will be suprised how new your seats look 5-10 years later, while the same interior in another car is cracks/torn. It will be worth the effort.
OLDER CARS:
Providing the leather is in good condition (i.e. no cracks or splits, leather is still supple, not wrinkled and/or dried out, creases are fine) do a THOROUGH cleaning with a leather cleaner, from experience, I recommend (LEXOL ph.) Do it twice, if needed, then follow up with two treatments of some form of conditioner, I recommend LEXOL, from experience. After this do so every 2-3 weeks for a daily driver, and every 1-2 months for a "Sunday" car.
The brands I have in the photograpgh here, are the kinds I prefer the most, out of all the ones I have come across.
1. / 2. LEXOL Cleaner & Conditioner 2 Step System
4/5
I feel this does the most thorough job, with the best results, as far as conditioning goes. It's a wipe on, buff off deal. Works very well. Not the cheapest, both bottles will run around 20-25 bucks, but hey, they last.
3. Turtle Wax Cleaner/Conditioner
2.75/5
This is ok as a cleaner, but severely lacks the conditioners really needed to PRESERVE the leather. Cheap enough, around 6 dollars I think. Ideal cleaner, not much more.
4. Tannery Leather Cleaner and Conditioner
3.75/5
Does a very good job of cleaning the leather, no doube there. Sprays on as a foam, which lifts dirt and other impurities out of the leather. Does a good job of conditioning, as you cna fele the elather is noticeably softer afterwards, although not as good as LEXOL. Close. Best part..... the smell. this WILL make your entire car smell like new leather. It is the most authentic smell I have ever experienced. Not come crappy scented tree fragrance, smells like the real deal. If you do not want to spend 25 bucks for cleaner/conditioner, buy this for $5. Available ONLY at Ace Hardware. At least...only place I have seen it.
Hopefully this long description will aid in your care of your leather interior, and opened your eyes.
Unless you opted for vinyl. Cheapskate. :P
Attendees of the convention come together to take part in SMACNA's SMAC PAC Diamond Saloon night. SMACNA's Annual Convention is its premier event that blends exceptional education with world-class networking and social events. This year’s convention held at JW Marriott in Austin Texas, October 20-23, 2019. The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA) is an international trade association representing 1,834 member firms in 97 chapters throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, and Brazil. A leader in promoting quality and excellence in the sheet metal and air conditioning industry, SMACNA has offices in Chantilly, VA. For more information go to smacna.org. Photography by Steve Exum & Nathan Richards of exumphoto.com
“North Park” is a magnificent 42 room Queen Anne style mansion built on what is the most elevated section in the Borough of Essendon along Woodland Street. Still in remarkably original condition both inside and out, with its gardens well maintained, “North Park” is one of Melbourne’s grandest mansions and is representative of “Marvellous Melbourne”.
Built between 1888 and 1889 for Melbourne brewing magnate Alexander McCracken (1856 – 1915) and his family, the mansion was designed by architects Oakden, Addison and Kemp. The contract was let to builder D. Sinclair for £10,750. The foundations of the house are of bluestone and above that, the walls are faced with picked red Northcote bricks, relieved by dressing and bands. The residence is an excellent example of Federation Queen Anne style, as seen by the asymmetry in its design, terracotta ridge cresting, prominent gables and half-timbering to gables, and the tall chimneys. The entrance is central and reached by a wide flight of Malmsbury steps. The roof treatment is elaborate, with dormer windows, a steep central pavilion, cresting, and a widow’s walk. The roof of “North Park” still has its original imported Marseilles terracotta roof tiles made by the French company, Guichard Carvin de Cie, St Andrew. Apparently these unique tiles feature the firm's signature bee imprint on each one. Alterations and extensions were undertaken in 1906, including the complete redecoration of the interior to the design of Billing, Son and Peck. One magnificent edition to the house as part of the 1906 extension was a ballroom. It has a high domed, metal Arts and Crafts ceiling, Art Nouveau stained glass windows and French doors leading out into the garden to the estate’s ornamental fish pond, which is still as it was in 1900 when it was created. The ballroom was built by Alexander McCracken for the debut into society of his favourite daughter.
The estate grounds retain much of its original form, with a sweeping drive from the front gates on Woodland Street and the front of the house overlooking three curved terraces which are symmetrical about a central axis with the main towered entrance. The planting is a fine example of the Gardenesque style developed by John Claudius Loudon (1783 – 1843) in the early Nineteenth Century to display plants for their individual beauty. The grounds contain many mature trees which were planted when “North Park” was first constructed including; a pair of Himalayan Cedars, cypress trees, palm trees (almost as tall as the house itself) and a huge Moreton Bay Fig. All are surrounded by beds full of perennials which border a number of terraced lawns.
Alexander McCracken died at “North Park” in 1915. The mansion was sold to Harvey Patterson (1848 -1931), an executive of the Broken Hill Proprietary Company, in the early 1920s. He and his wife lived there for a short while after his retirement. “North Park” was then purchased by the Society for Saint Columban in December 1923. It is them we have to thank for the house remaining in such excellent condition. Most of the rooms are still in-tact with original interior decoration and furniture.
When I visited and asked permission to photograph “North Park”, I was amazed by the completeness of the interior. It was almost like stepping back in time. The hallway still has its heavy Arts and Crafts wallpaper, tiled floor and original Victorian hall furniture. It is illuminated by a group of stained glass windows above the stairway is the glory of the house. Their theme is the golden age of ancient Greece. A smaller set of windows shows the golden age of ancient Ireland. I would dearly love to have photographed them, but that was not something the Father would have permitted.
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Public School Foundation Theresianische Academy
Founded in 1746
♁ coordinates 48 ° 11 ' 35.2 " N, 16 ° 22' 15.5" OKoordinaten : 48 ° 11 ' 35.2 " N, 16 ° 22' 15.5 " E | |
831 students status: 2013
Teachers about 130
The Theresianum called state facility with buildings dating back several centuries in Vienna, 4th district, Favoritenstrasse 15, serves as the seat of the public high school of the Foundation Theresianische Academy, as the building for short Theresianum, and the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna. Both institutions have a tradition spanning centuries. Since 2011, the Foundation also offers a kindergarten and an elementary school.
The New Favorita seen from the favorite street, it houses today the Theresianum
View to the pediment with the coat of arms of the Empire of Austria under Francis I
The Theresianum, seen from the park
The school park
Nazi era: Library stamp of "NPEA Vienna Theresianumgasse"
(National Political Institutes of Education (German: Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten; officially abbreviated NPEA, commonly abbreviated Napola for Nationalpolitische Lehranstalt meaning National Political Institution of Teaching) were secondary boarding schools in Nazi Germany. They were founded as "community education sites" after the National Socialist seizure of power in 1933.), Wikipedia
History
1288 an estate was detectable in this area. 1614 the estate with fields, meadows and vineyards was acquired by the Habsburg monarchy, was first described as a Favoritenhof 1623 and served as the widow's home for the Empresses Anna of Austria-Tyrol, Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Magdalena Gonzaga of Mantua-Nevers. For this, the estate was remodeled in 1642 according to plans of Giovanni Battista Carlone to pleasure palace with pleasure garden called Favorita.
The emperors Leopold I, Joseph I and Charles VI. served the Favorita as a preferred summer residence. During this time, extensions were built, the in the second Turkish siege in 1683 originated ravages repaired and sold some of the fields.
Charles' VI. daughter, Maria Theresa, heiress to the throne in the Austrian dominions, in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1745, when her husband became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, as Empress was dubbed, preferred as summer residence the Schönbrunn Palace and had it expanded. To this decision may have contributed that the Favorita, concerning location and architecture, with Belvedere Castle could not compete, which the for Habsburg victorious commander Eugene of Savoy, of Charles VI. richly endowed, had built about 800 meters to the east form here using a prominent hillside.
The baroque Favorita (it was by now called New Favorita, the Old Favorita had been in the Augarten) in the suburb of Wieden handed Maria Theresia to the Jesuits - with the condition in it to establish an educational institution, a knight's academy for the benefit of the universal essence, but especially the noble youth. Main task should be the raising of educated and loyal government officials and diplomats. In the 18th and 19th Century followed various extensions and increases in the building.
1783 dissolved the reformer Joseph II in the Austrian hereditary lands all knights academies, as well as the Theresianum. In 1797 Emperor Franz II as sovereign approved the reopening under the management of the Piarists. The facade was rebuilt in the classical style. After the revolution of 1848, Emperor Franz Joseph I. disposed the admission of sons of the middle class as students.
The Oriental Academy, founded by Maria Theresa in 1754, was since the 19th Century in the Theresianum. In 1900 renamed, moved the Consular Academy in 1904 in its newly constructed own building (9, Boltzmanngasse 16, since 1947 Embassy of the United States). It was in 1938 by the Nazi regime canceled. Its role was in 1964 by the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna (see below) resumed.
After the "Anschluss" of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, the Nazis dissolved the Theresianische Academy and established on 13 March 1939, exactly one year after the "Anschluss", in the buildings a National Political Education Institute (Napola). 1944/1945, the plant was badly damaged by bombs and grenades. 1945, the buildings in the occupied postwar Austria were by the Soviet occupying power monopolised, in the four-sector city of Vienna the 4th district controlling. It handed the Theresianum over to the USIA, the administration of Soviet Property in Austria.
After the State Treaty of 1955, the Austrian State resp. the Foundation Theresianum got the property on 20 September 1955 refunded, and in September 1957, the school system of the private school with public status could be resumed. The re-establishment of the in the war damaged buildings was carried out by the State from 1956 to 1964. In 1964 in a part of the buildings the by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs established Diplomatic Academy of Vienna started operations, with which the Viennese educational establishement for this topic after 60 years returned into the Theresianum .
Since 1989, in the high school female students are accepted, too.
The gymnasium in the presence
In addition to general education, the focus of the school is placed on language education - the compulsory subjects include other than German, English, French, Latin, Russian and mathematics - and in the education to internationality. Special emphasis is placed on politeness and good appearance. An additional service is available in the areas of sport, art, creativity, information and communication technology and music, and economic projects. The school is run as half-and full boarding.
The school campus is 50,000 square meters and includes a soccer field, and a fun court, two other soccer fields, a swimming pool, a tennis court, a running track, two beach volleyball courts, a basketball court, a large, divisible gymnasium and a smaller, older hall, in both of the are climbing walls as well as other sporting items available.
Currently nearly 800 students attend the Theresianische Academy. Many come from more distant states or from abroad and have the opportunity to live in a boarding school in this case.
The selection of professors is made by the respective school management in cooperation with the Vienna Board of Education. The boarding school, as well as some activities are shared with the Lycée Français de Vienne.
Known graduates
Josef Franz de Paula Hieronymus von Colloredo-Waldsee- Mels, 1732-1812, Bishop of Gurk and Prince Archbishop of Salzburg
Vincent Joseph of Schrattenbach, 1744-1816, Prince-Bishop of Lavant and Bishop of Brno
Wilhelm Florentin von Salm-Salm, 1745-1810, Bishop of Tournai and Archbishop of Prague
Johann Prokop Schaffgotsch, 1748-1813, Auxiliary Bishop of Prague and Bishop of Budweis
Franz Xaver II Altgraf of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim, 1749-1822, Prince-Bishop of Gurk, Cardinal and organizer of the first ascent of the Grossglockner
Franz von Spaun, 1753-1826, Austrian jurist, mathematician, and nonconformist writer
Ferenc Széchenyi, 1754-1820, Hungarian scholar and founder of the Hungarian National Library
Josef Wenzel Radetzky von Radetz, 1766-1858, Austrian field marshal, knight of the Golden Fleece
Ignaz Edler von Mitis, 1771-1842, Austrian engineer and chemist, inventor of the Schweinfurt green
Ignacy Hilary Count Ledochowski, 1789-1870, Austrian and Polish general
Joseph Jelacic of Bužim, 1801-1859, k.k. officer
Moritz Freiherr Ebner von Eschenbach, 1815-1898, Austrian engineer, inventor and writer, husband and supporter of Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach
Tivadar Puskás, 1844-1893, Hungarian engineer and inventor
Karl Lueger, politician and mayor of Vienna, graduation year of 1862
Olivier Marquis de Bacquehem, Minister of Trade and Minister of the Interior 1847-1917
Ernest von Koerber, 1850-1919, bourgeois-liberal politician of Austria-Hungary
Wilhelm Carl Gustav Ritter von Doderer 1854-1932, Austrian architect, engineer and contractor
Alfonso XII., 1857-1885, King of Spain
Konstantin Jirecek, Swedish politician, diplomat, historian and Slawist
Peter Altenberg, letters, graduation year of 1876
Wladimir Ledochowski, General of the Society of Jesus, graduation year of 1884
Count István Bethlen von Bethlen, 1874-1946 (?), Hungarian politician and Prime Minister
Clemens Peter Freiherr von Pirquet, pediatrician, bacteriologist and immunologist, graduation year of 1892
Baron Franz Nopcsa of Felsöszilvás, founder of palaeophysiology and Albania researcher, graduation year of 1892
Friedrich Hasenohrl, physicists, graduation year of 1892
Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando, writer and artist, graduation year of 1896
Edgar Leon Calle Ernst, 1879-1955, Austrian composer and pianist
Rudolf Sieczynski, 1879-1952, Austrian Viennese song-composer, writer and official
Ernst August von Hoffmansthal, 1829-1915, German Wiener Song Composer
Joseph Schumpeter, 1883-1950, economist
Odo Neustädter-Stürmer, politician, graduation year of 1905
Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi, writer, politician and founder of the Pan-movement
Teddy Kern, 1900-1949, actor
Egon Brunswik, 1903-1955, American psychologist
Godfrey Edward Arnold, 1914-1989, physician, phoniatrist, explorer of speech defects and disorders of the vocal cords
Ertuğrul Osman, 1912-2009, head of the House Osman
Hans Jaray, actor, writer and director
Ernst Gombrich, an art historian, graduation year of 1927
Max Ferdinand Perutz, chemist and Nobel Prize winner in 1962, year of graduation 1932
Herbert Hinterleithner, poet and painter, graduation year of 1934
Rolf Olsen, actor, director and screenwriter, 1919-1998
Hans Hass, biologist, underwater pioneer and documentary filmmaker, graduation year of 1937
Peter Zinner, editor and Oscar winner, graduation year of 1937
Kurt Schubert, Judaic scholar, graduation year of 1941
Werner Fasslabend, politician and jurist, graduation year of 1963
Hans Winkler, Austrian diplomat and Secretary of State, graduation year of 1963
Alexander Wächter, actor, director and theater manager, graduation year of 1966
Thomas Angyan, director of the Society of Friends of Music in Vienna, graduation year of 1971
Rudolf Striedinger, Officer, graduation year of 1979
Dimitris Droutsas, Greek politician, graduation year of 1986
Nicholas Scherak, Member of Parliament, Matura group 2004
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ffentliches_Gymnasium_der_Sti...
D.J. Allen leads a Business development session on verbal and non-verbal communication. SMACNA's Annual Convention is its premier event that blends exceptional education with world-class networking and social events. This year’s convention is held at Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 10-14, 2022. The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA) is an international trade association representing 1,834 member firms in 97 chapters throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, and Brazil. A leader in promoting quality and excellence in the sheet metal and air conditioning industry, SMACNA has offices in Chantilly, VA. For more information go to smacna.org. Photography by Steve Exum & Finley Quillen of exumphoto.com.
Brand: Yatming
Series: 1000 series
Livery: Blue and red graphics, "man and machine", #76
Scale: 1/64
Base: Unpainted metal -
Collector/casting number: 1076
Country of manufacture: China
Place/date of purchase: eBay Jun 7, 2020
Condition: A few nicks 8.5/10
Remarks/comments:
www.artotels.com/hotels/hunbuart
This photo links to my blog article
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Here is my new air conditioner just installed!
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The old one was dark brown and dingy. This one is cream colored and blends in with my walls. Tried it out and it's deliciously chilly in here.
Angkor Wat or "Capital Temple" is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world. It was first a Hindu and later a Buddhist temple. It was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in Yaśodharapura, present-day Angkor, the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual mausoleum.
Breaking from the Shiva tradition of previous kings, Angkor Wat was instead dedicated to Vishnu. As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious center since its foundation. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors. Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple-mountain and the later galleried temple, based on early Dravidian architecture, with key features such as the Jagati. It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology: within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres long are three rectangular galleries, each raised above the next. At the centre of the temple stands a quincunx of towers. Unlike most Angkorian temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west; scholars are divided as to the significance of this. The temple is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture, its extensive bas-reliefs, and for the numerous devatas adorning its walls.
The modern name, Angkor Wat, means "Temple City" or "City of Temples" in Khmer; Angkor, meaning "city" or "capital city", is a vernacular form of the word nokor (នគរ), which comes from the Sanskrit word nagara (नगर). Wat is the Khmer word for "temple grounds" (Sanskrit: वाट vāṭa ""enclosure").
HISTORY
Angkor Wat lies 5.5 kilometres north of the modern town of Siem Reap, and a short distance south and slightly east of the previous capital, which was centred at Baphuon. It is in an area of Cambodia where there is an important group of ancient structures. It is the southernmost of Angkor's main sites.
According to one legend, the construction of Angkor Wat was ordered by Indra to act as a palace for his son Precha Ket Mealea.
According to the 13th century Chinese traveler Daguan Zhou, it was believed by some that the temple was constructed in a single night by a divine architect. The initial design and construction of the temple took place in the first half of the 12th century, during the reign of Suryavarman II (ruled 1113-C. 1150). Dedicated to Vishnu, it was built as the king's state temple and capital city. As neither the foundation stela nor any contemporary inscriptions referring to the temple have been found, its original name is unknown, but it may have been known as "Varah Vishnu-lok" after the presiding deity. Work seems to have ended shortly after the king's death, leaving some of the bas-relief decoration unfinished.
In 1177, approximately 27 years after the death of Suryavarman II, Angkor was sacked by the Chams, the traditional enemies of the Khmer. Thereafter the empire was restored by a new king, Jayavarman VII, who established a new capital and state temple (Angkor Thom and the Bayon respectively) a few kilometers to the north.
In the late 13th century, Angkor Wat gradually moved from Hindu to Theravada Buddhist use, which continues to the present day. Angkor Wat is unusual among the Angkor temples in that although it was somewhat neglected after the 16th century it was never completely abandoned, its preservation being due in part to the fact that its moat also provided some protection from encroachment by the jungle.
One of the first Western visitors to the temple was António da Madalena, a Portuguese monk who visited in 1586 and said that it "is of such extraordinary construction that it is not possible to describe it with a pen, particularly since it is like no other building in the world. It has towers and decoration and all the refinements which the human genius can conceive of."
In the mid-19th century, the temple was visited by the French naturalist and explorer, Henri Mouhot, who popularised the site in the West through the publication of travel notes, in which he wrote:
"One of these temples - a rival to that of Solomon, and erected by some ancient Michelangelo - might take an honorable place beside our most beautiful buildings. It is grander than anything left to us by Greece or Rome, and presents a sad contrast to the state of barbarism in which the nation is now plunged."
Mouhot, like other early Western visitors, found it difficult to believe that the Khmers could have built the temple, and mistakenly dated it to around the same era as Rome. The true history of Angkor Wat was pieced together only from stylistic and epigraphic evidence accumulated during the subsequent clearing and restoration work carried out across the whole Angkor site. There were no ordinary dwellings or houses or other signs of settlement including cooking utensils, weapons, or items of clothing usually found at ancient sites. Instead there is the evidence of the monuments themselves.
Angkor Wat required considerable restoration in the 20th century, mainly the removal of accumulated earth and vegetation. Work was interrupted by the civil war and Khmer Rouge control of the country during the 1970s and 1980s, but relatively little damage was done during this period other than the theft and destruction of mostly post-Angkorian statues.The temple is a powerful symbol of Cambodia, and is a source of great national pride that has factored into Cambodia's diplomatic relations with France, the United States and its neighbor Thailand. A depiction of Angkor Wat has been a part of Cambodian national flags since the introduction of the first version circa 1863. From a larger historical and even transcultural perspective, however, the temple of Angkor Wat did not become a symbol of national pride sui generis but had been inscribed into a larger politico-cultural process of French-colonial heritage production in which the original temple site was presented in French colonial and universal exhibitions in Paris and Marseille between 1889 and 1937. Angkor Wat's aesthetics were also on display in the plaster cast museum of Louis Delaporte called musée Indo-chinois which existed in the Parisian Trocadero Palace from C. 1880 to the mid-1920s. The splendid artistic legacy of Angkor Wat and other Khmer monuments in the Angkor region led directly to France adopting Cambodia as a protectorate on 11 August 1863 and invading Siam to take control of the ruins. This quickly led to Cambodia reclaiming lands in the northwestern corner of the country that had been under Siamese (Thai) control since 1351 AD (Manich Jumsai 2001), or by some accounts, 1431 AD. Cambodia gained independence from France on 9 November 1953 and has controlled Angkor Wat since that time.
ARCHITECTURE
SITE AND PLAN
Angkor Wat, located at 13°24′45″N 103°52′0″E, is a unique combination of the temple mountain, the standard design for the empire's state temples and the later plan of concentric galleries. The temple is a representation of Mount Meru, the home of the gods: the central quincunx of towers symbolises the five peaks of the mountain, and the walls and moat the surrounding mountain ranges and ocean. Access to the upper areas of the temple was progressively more exclusive, with the laity being admitted only to the lowest level. Unlike most Khmer temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west rather than the east. This has led many (including Maurice Glaize and George Coedès) to conclude that Suryavarman intended it to serve as his funerary temple.Further evidence for this view is provided by the bas-reliefs, which proceed in a counter-clockwise direction - prasavya in Hindu terminology - as this is the reverse of the normal order. Rituals take place in reverse order during Brahminic funeral services. The archaeologist Charles Higham also describes a container which may have been a funerary jar which was recovered from the central tower. It has been nominated by some as the greatest expenditure of energy on the disposal of a corpse. Freeman and Jacques, however, note that several other temples of Angkor depart from the typical eastern orientation, and suggest that Angkor Wat's alignment was due to its dedication to Vishnu, who was associated with the west.
A further interpretation of Angkor Wat has been proposed by Eleanor Mannikka. Drawing on the temple's alignment and dimensions, and on the content and arrangement of the bas-reliefs, she argues that the structure represents a claimed new era of peace under King Suryavarman II: "as the measurements of solar and lunar time cycles were built into the sacred space of Angkor Wat, this divine mandate to rule was anchored to consecrated chambers and corridors meant to perpetuate the king's power and to honor and placate the deities manifest in the heavens above." Mannikka's suggestions have been received with a mixture of interest and scepticism in academic circles. She distances herself from the speculations of others, such as Graham Hancock, that Angkor Wat is part of a representation of the constellation Draco.
STYLE
Angkor Wat is the prime example of the classical style of Khmer architecture - the Angkor Wat style - to which it has given its name. By the 12th century Khmer architects had become skilled and confident in the use of sandstone (rather than brick or laterite) as the main building material. Most of the visible areas are of sandstone blocks, while laterite was used for the outer wall and for hidden structural parts. The binding agent used to join the blocks is yet to be identified, although natural resins or slaked lime has been suggested. The temple has drawn praise above all for the harmony of its design. According to Maurice Glaize, a mid-20th-century conservator of Angkor, the temple "attains a classic perfection by the restrained monumentality of its finely balanced elements and the precise arrangement of its proportions. It is a work of power, unity and style." Architecturally, the elements characteristic of the style include: the ogival, redented towers shaped like lotus buds; half-galleries to broaden passageways; axial galleries connecting enclosures; and the cruciform terraces which appear along the main axis of the temple. Typical decorative elements are devatas (or apsaras), bas-reliefs, and on pediments extensive garlands and narrative scenes. The statuary of Angkor Wat is considered conservative, being more static and less graceful than earlier work. Other elements of the design have been destroyed by looting and the passage of time, including gilded stucco on the towers, gilding on some figures on the bas-reliefs, and wooden ceiling panels and doors.
FEATURES
OUTER ENCLOSURE
The outer wall, 1024 by 802 m and 4.5 m high, is surrounded by a 30 m apron of open ground and a moat 190 m wide. Access to the temple is by an earth bank to the east and a sandstone causeway to the west; the latter, the main entrance, is a later addition, possibly replacing a wooden bridge. There are gopuras at each of the cardinal points; the western is by far the largest and has three ruined towers. Glaize notes that this gopura both hides and echoes the form of the temple proper. Under the southern tower is a statue of Vishnu, known as Ta Reach, which may originally have occupied the temple's central shrine.Galleries run between the towers and as far as two further entrances on either side of the gopura often referred to as "elephant gates", as they are large enough to admit those animals. These galleries have square pillars on the outer (west) side and a closed wall on the inner (east) side. The ceiling between the pillars is decorated with lotus rosettes; the west face of the wall with dancing figures; and the east face of the wall with balustered windows, dancing male figures on prancing animals, and devatas, including (south of the entrance) the only one in the temple to be showing her teeth. The outer wall encloses a space of 820,000 square metres, which besides the temple proper was originally occupied by the city and, to the north of the temple, the royal palace. Like all secular buildings of Angkor, these were built of perishable materials rather than of stone, so nothing remains of them except the outlines of some of the streets. Most of the area is now covered by forest. A 350 m causeway connects the western gopura to the temple proper, with naga balustrades and six sets of steps leading down to the city on either side. Each side also features a library with entrances at each cardinal point, in front of the third set of stairs from the entrance, and a pond between the library and the temple itself. The ponds are later additions to the design, as is the cruciform terrace guarded by lions connecting the causeway to the central structure.
CENTRAL STRUCTURE
The temple stands on a terrace raised higher than the city. It is made of three rectangular galleries rising to a central tower, each level higher than the last. Mannikka interprets these galleries as being dedicated to the king, Brahma, the moon, and Vishnu.
Each gallery has a gopura at each of the points, and the two inner galleries each have towers at their corners, forming a quincunx with the central tower. Because the temple faces west, the features are all set back towards the east, leaving more space to be filled in each enclosure and gallery on the west side; for the same reason the west-facing steps are shallower than those on the other sides.
The outer gallery measures 187 by 215 m, with pavilions rather than towers at the corners. The gallery is open to the outside of the temple, with columned half-galleries extending and buttressing the structure. Connecting the outer gallery to the second enclosure on the west side is a cruciform cloister called Preah Poan (the "Hall of a Thousand Gods"). Buddha images were left in the cloister by pilgrims over the centuries, although most have now been removed. This area has many inscriptions relating the good deeds of pilgrims, most written in Khmer but others in Burmese and Japanese. The four small courtyards marked out by the cloister may originally have been filled with water.
North and south of the cloister are libraries.
Beyond, the second and inner galleries are connected to each other and to two flanking libraries by another cruciform terrace, again a later addition. From the second level upwards, devatas abound on the walls, singly or in groups of up to four. The second-level enclosure is 100 by 115 m, and may originally have been flooded to represent the ocean around Mount Meru.
Three sets of steps on each side lead up to the corner towers and gopuras of the inner gallery. The very steep stairways represent the difficulty of ascending to the kingdom of the gods. This inner gallery, called the Bakan, is a 60 m square with axial galleries connecting each gopura with the central shrine, and subsidiary shrines located below the corner towers. The roofings of the galleries are decorated with the motif of the body of a snake ending in the heads of lions or garudas. Carved lintels and pediments decorate the entrances to the galleries and to the shrines. The tower above the central shrine rises 43 m to a height of 65 m above the ground; unlike those of previous temple mountains, the central tower is raised above the surrounding four. The shrine itself, originally occupied by a statue of Vishnu and open on each side, was walled in when the temple was converted to Theravada Buddhism, the new walls featuring standing Buddhas. In 1934, the conservator George Trouvé excavated the pit beneath the central shrine: filled with sand and water it had already been robbed of its treasure, but he did find a sacred foundation deposit of gold leaf two metres above ground level.
DECORATION
Integrated with the architecture of the building, and one of the causes for its fame is Angkor Wat's extensive decoration, which predominantly takes the form of bas-relief friezes. The inner walls of the outer gallery bear a series of large-scale scenes mainly depicting episodes from the Hindu epics the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Higham has called these, "the greatest known linear arrangement of stone carving".
From the north-west corner anti-clockwise, the western gallery shows the Battle of Lanka (from the Ramayana, in which Rama defeats Ravana) and the Battle of Kurukshetra (from the Mahabharata, showing the mutual annihilation of the Kaurava and Pandava clans). On the southern gallery follow the only historical scene, a procession of Suryavarman II, then the 32 hells and 37 heavens of Hindu mythology.
On the eastern gallery is one of the most celebrated scenes, the Churning of the Sea of Milk, showing 92 asuras and 88 devas using the serpent Vasuki to churn the sea under Vishnu's direction (Mannikka counts only 91 asuras, and explains the asymmetrical numbers as representing the number of days from the winter solstice to the spring equinox, and from the equinox to the summer solstice). It is followed by Vishnu defeating asuras (a 16th-century addition). The northern gallery shows Krishna's victory over Bana (where according to Glaize, "The workmanship is at its worst"). and a battle between the Hindu gods and asuras. The north-west and south-west corner pavilions both feature much smaller-scale scenes, some unidentified but most from the Ramayana or the life of Krishna. Angkor Wat is decorated with depictions of apsaras and devata; there are more than 1,796 depictions of devata in the present research inventory. Angkor Wat architects employed small apsara images (30–40 cm) as decorative motifs on pillars and walls. They incorporated larger devata images (all full-body portraits measuring approximately 95–110 cm) more prominently at every level of the temple from the entry pavilion to the tops of the high towers. In 1927, Sappho Marchal published a study cataloging the remarkable diversity of their hair, headdresses, garments, stance, jewelry and decorative flowers, which Marchal concluded were based on actual practices of the Angkor period.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
The stones, as smooth as polished marble, were laid without mortar with very tight joints that are sometimes hard to find. The blocks were held together by mortise and tenon joints in some cases, while in others they used dovetails and gravity. The blocks were presumably put in place by a combination of elephants, coir ropes, pulleys and bamboo scaffolding. Henri Mouhot noted that most of the blocks had holes 2.5 cm in diameter and 3 cm deep, with more holes on the larger blocks. Some scholars have suggested that these were used to join them together with iron rods, but others claim they were used to hold temporary pegs to help manoeuvre them into place. The monument was made out of millions of tonnes of sandstone and it has a greater volume as well as mass than the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. The Angkor Wat Temple consumes about 6 million to 10 million blocks of sandstone with an average weight of 1.5 tons each. In fact, the entire city of Angkor used up far greater amounts of stone than all the Egyptian pyramids combined, and occupied an area significantly greater than modern-day Paris. Moreover, unlike the Egyptian pyramids which use limestone quarried barely half a km away all the time, the entire city of Angkor was built with sandstone quarried 40 km (or more) away. This sandstone had to be transported from Mount Kulen, a quarry approximately 40 km to the northeast. The route has been suggested to span 35 kilometres along a canal towards Tonlé Sap lake, another 35 kilometres crossing the lake, and finally 15 kilometres upstream and against the current along Siem Reap River, making a total journey of 90 kilometres. However, Etsuo Uchida and Ichita Shimoda of Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan have discovered in 2012 a shorter 35-kilometre canal connecting Mount Kulen and Angkor Wat using satellite imagery. The two believe that the Khmer used this route instead.
Virtually all of its surfaces, columns, lintels even roofs are carved. There are miles of reliefs illustrating scenes from Indian literature including unicorns, griffins, winged dragons pulling chariots as well as warriors following an elephant-mounted leader and celestial dancing girls with elaborate hair styles. The gallery wall alone is decorated with almost 1000 square metres of bas reliefs. Holes on some of the Angkor walls indicate that they may have been decorated with bronze sheets. These were highly prized in ancient times and were a prime target for robbers. While excavating Khajuraho, Alex Evans, a stonemason and sculptor, recreated a stone sculpture under 1.2 m, this took about 60 days to carve. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehner also conducted experiments to quarry limestone which took 12 quarrymen 22 days to quarry about 400 tons of stone. The labor force to quarry, transport, carve and install so much sandstone must have run into the thousands including many highly skilled artisans. The skills required to carve these sculptures were developed hundreds of years earlier, as demonstrated by some artifacts that have been dated to the seventh century, before the Khmer came to power.
ANGKOR WAT TODAY
The Archaeological Survey of India carried out restoration work on the temple between 1986 and 1992. Since the 1990s, Angkor Wat has seen continued conservation efforts and a massive increase in tourism. The temple is part of the Angkor World Heritage Site, established in 1992, which has provided some funding and has encouraged the Cambodian government to protect the site. The German Apsara Conservation Project (GACP) is working to protect the devatas and other bas-reliefs which decorate the temple from damage. The organisation's survey found that around 20% of the devatas were in very poor condition, mainly because of natural erosion and deterioration of the stone but in part also due to earlier restoration efforts. Other work involves the repair of collapsed sections of the structure, and prevention of further collapse: the west facade of the upper level, for example, has been buttressed by scaffolding since 2002, while a Japanese team completed restoration of the north library of the outer enclosure in 2005. World Monuments Fund began conservation work on the Churning of the Sea of Milk Gallery in 2008 after several years of conditions studies. The project restored the traditional Khmer roofing system and removed cement used in earlier restoration attempts that had resulted in salts entering the structure behind the bas-relief, discoloring and damaging the sculpted surfaces. The main phase of work ended in 2012, and the final component will be the installation of finials on the roof of the gallery in 2013. Microbial biofilms have been found degrading sandstone at Angkor Wat, Preah Khan, and the Bayon and West Prasat in Angkor. The dehydration and radiation resistant filamentous cyanobacteria can produce organic acids that degrade the stone. A dark filamentous fungus was found in internal and external Preah Khan samples, while the alga Trentepohlia was found only in samples taken from external, pink-stained stone at Preah Khan. Angkor Wat has become a major tourist destination. In 2004 and 2005, government figures suggest that, respectively, 561.000 and 677.000 foreign visitors arrived in Siem Reap province, approximately 50% of all foreign tourists in Cambodia for both years. The site has been managed by the private SOKIMEX group since 1990, which rented it from the Cambodian government. The influx of tourists has so far caused relatively little damage, other than some graffiti; ropes and wooden steps have been introduced to protect the bas-reliefs and floors, respectively. Tourism has also provided some additional funds for maintenance - as of 2000 approximately 28% of ticket revenues across the whole Angkor site was spent on the temples - although most work is carried out by foreign government-sponsored teams rather than by the Cambodian authorities. Since Angkor Wat has seen significant growth in tourism throughout the years UNESCO and its International Co-ordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC), in association with representatives from the Royal Government and APSARA, organized seminars to discuss the concept of "cultural tourism". Wanting to avoid commercial and mass tourism, the seminars emphasized the importance of providing high quality accommodation and services in order for the Cambodian government to benefit economically, while also incorporating the richness of Cambodian culture. In 2001, this incentive resulted in the concept of the "Angkor Tourist City" which would be developed with regard to traditional Khmer architecture, contain leisure and tourist facilities, and provide luxurious hotels capable of accommodating large amounts of tourists. The prospect of developing such large tourist accommodations has encountered concerns from both APSARA and the ICC, claiming that previous tourism developments in the area have neglected construction regulations and more of these projects have the potential to damage landscape features. Also, the large scale of these projects have begun to threaten the quality of the nearby town's water, sewage, and electricity systems. It has been noted that such high frequency of tourism and growing demand for quality accommodations in the area, such as the development of a large highway, has had a direct effect on the underground water table, subsequently straining the structural stability of the temples at Angkor Wat. Locals of Siem Reap have also voiced concern over the charming nature and atmosphere of their town being compromised in order to entertain tourism. Since this charming local atmosphere is the key component to projects like Angkor Tourist City, local officials continue to discuss how to successfully incorporate future tourism without sacrificing local values and culture. At the ASEAN Tourism Forum 2012, both parties have agreed Borobudur and Angkor Wat to become sister sites and the provinces will become sister provinces. Two Indonesian airlines are considering the opportunity to open a direct flight from Yogyakarta, Indonesia to Siem Reap.
WIKIPEDIA
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Please mark your calendars for our Spring Bread and Cheese Creek which will be are largest cleanup to date! These photos show the current sad condition of this historic stream. We plan to clean up Bread and Cheese Creek form the Berkshire section to North Point Road on Saturday, April 5, 2014 at 8:00 AM - 2:00 PM, All the assistance from volunteers and sponsor is greatly appreciated! We know this is a huge section of stream to tackle but I know we can do it!
This cleanup will be in conjunction with the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay’s Project Clean Stream and it will be our fifth year working with them! This cleanup will also be in conjunction with American Rivers. We will supply trash bags, gloves, water, snacks and lunch. A limited supply of waders and tools will also be available for sign out during the cleanup.
Remember, there plenty of ways for volunteers to participate. We will need every type of person of every ability level to contribute and assist with the Clean Up. Though it is true we will need people to dig out shopping carts and haul trash to the dumpsters, we can use people to run water, food, tools, and trash bags (both empty and full) to individuals in the creek. People to sort recyclables from the debris removed. People will be needed to work the grills as well as many other less strenuous activities. We are also authorized to sign-off on Community Service and Service Learning Hours for students. The more people we have, the easier the work will be for everyone. Please feel free to pass this information on to other who might be interesting in helping as well. As my grandfather always said, "Many hands makes the work light". We run our cleanups as a family event with all age groups welcome by developing plenty of ways for volunteers to participate.
Our cleanups are part of an ongoing effort clean the entire stream by the 2014 bicentennial celebration of War of 1812 Bicentennial Celebration. (Bread and Cheese Creek has been noted as one of the highlighted location on the Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail) The creek played a rather significant part in the Battle of North Point which took place on September 12, 1814. Both the American and British Troops camped along its banks. It is rumored that the young heroes Daniel Wells (19) and Henry McComas (18) used the stream channel to sneak up on British General Robert Ross killing him with their muskets before being killed in return fire. This important part of our history should not be left the eyesore it currently is and those who died defending our country honored in this way.
You can learn more about us through our website at www.BreadandCheeseCreek.org, become our friend on FaceBook, Google+, Instagram, Pinterest or follow us on Twitter and/or join the Clean Break and Cheese Creek Group. You can also see photos of our past cleanups on Flickr and our videos on YouTube. You can also subscribe to out Electronic Newsletter.
If you have any comments or questions please contact us. Thank you again for your interest!