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Okay so it might be tight for an actual minifig but this ship is all about the playability factor. The top half can come off to reveal a full internal cabin packed with the necessities for a longer orbital stint. The wings can come off too, but that isn't necessary to access the inside.
Strasbourg (/ˈstræzbɜrɡ/, French pronunciation: [stʁaz.buʁ, stʁas.buʁ]; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in north eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace were historically Alemannic-speaking, hence the city's Germanic name.[5] In 2006, the city proper had 272,975 inhabitants and its urban community 467,375 inhabitants. With 759,868 inhabitants in 2010, Strasbourg's metropolitan area (only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory) is the ninth largest in France. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 884,988 inhabitants in 2008.[6]
Strasbourg is the seat of several European institutions, such as the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and its European Audiovisual Observatory) and the Eurocorps, as well as the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman of the European Union. The city is also the seat of the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights.[7]
Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a bridge of unity between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. The largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque, was inaugurated by French Interior Minister Manuel Valls on 27 September 2012.[8]
Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. The port of Strasbourg is the second largest on the Rhine after Duisburg, Germany.
Etymology and Names
The city's Gallicized name (Lower Alsatian: Strossburi, [ˈʃd̥rɔːsb̥uri]; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is of Germanic origin and means "Town (at the crossing) of roads". The modern Stras- is cognate to the German Straße and English street, all of which are derived from Latin strata ("paved road"), while -bourg is cognate to the German Burg and English borough, all of which are derived from Proto-Germanic *burgz ("hill fort, fortress").
Geography
Strasbourg seen from Spot Satellite
Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the River Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the River Ill, which here flows parallel to, and roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from, the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city.
The city lies in the Upper Rhine Plain, at between 132 metres (433 ft) and 151 metres (495 ft) above sea level, with the upland areas of the Vosges Mountains some 20 km (12 mi) to the west and the Black Forest 25 km (16 mi) to the east. This section of the Rhine valley is a major axis of north-south travel, with river traffic on the Rhine itself, and major roads and railways paralleling it on both banks.
The city is some 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Paris. The mouth of the Rhine lies approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) to the north, or 650 kilometres (400 mi) as the river flows, whilst the head of navigation in Basel is some 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the south, or 150 kilometres (93 mi) by river.
Climate
In spite of its position far inland, Strasbourg's climate is classified as Oceanic (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with warm, relatively sunny summers and cold, overcast winters. Precipitation is elevated from mid-spring to the end of summer, but remains largely constant throughout the year, totaling 631.4 mm (24.9 in) annually. On average, snow falls 30 days per year.
The highest temperature ever recorded was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) in August 2003, during the 2003 European heat wave. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −23.4 °C (−10.1 °F) in December 1938.
Strasbourg's location in the Rhine valley, sheltered from the dominant winds by the Vosges and Black Forest mountains, results in poor natural ventilation, making Strasbourg one of the most atmospherically polluted cities of France.[10][11] Nonetheless, the progressive disappearance of heavy industry on both banks of the Rhine, as well as effective measures of traffic regulation in and around the city have reduced air pollution.
Prehistory
The first traces of human occupation in the environs of Strasbourg go back many thousands of years.[16] Neolithic, bronze age and iron age artifacts have been uncovered by archeological excavations. It was permanently settled by proto-Celts around 1300 BC. Towards the end of the third century BC, it developed into a Celtic township with a market called "Argentorate". Drainage works converted the stilthouses to houses built on dry land.[17]
From Romans
The Romans under Nero Claudius Drusus established a military outpost belonging to the Germania Superior Roman province at Strasbourg's current location, and named it Argentoratum. (Hence the town is commonly called Argentina in medieval Latin.[18]) The name "Argentoratum" was first mentioned in 12 BC and the city celebrated its 2,000th birthday in 1988. "Argentorate" as the toponym of the Gaulish settlement preceded it before being Latinized, but it is not known by how long. The Roman camp was destroyed by fire and rebuilt six times between the first and the fifth centuries AD: in 70, 97, 235, 355, in the last quarter of the fourth century, and in the early years of the fifth century. It was under Trajan and after the fire of 97 that Argentoratum received its most extended and fortified shape. From the year 90 on, the Legio VIII Augusta was permanently stationed in the Roman camp of Argentoratum. It then included a cavalry section and covered an area of approximately 20 hectares. Other Roman legions temporarily stationed in Argentoratum were the Legio XIV Gemina and the Legio XXI Rapax, the latter during the reign of Nero.
The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led to Argentoratum, in the suburb of Kœnigshoffen. This was where the largest burial places were situated, as well as the densest concentration of civilian dwelling places and commerces next to the camp. Among the most outstanding finds in Kœnigshoffen were (found in 1911–12) the fragments of a grand Mithraeum that had been shattered by early Christians in the fourth century. From the fourth century, Strasbourg was the seat of the Bishopric of Strasbourg (made an Archbishopric in 1988). Archaeological excavations below the current Église Saint-Étienne in 1948 and 1956 unearthed the apse of a church dating back to the late fourth or early fifth century, considered to be the oldest church in Alsace. It is supposed that this was the first seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Strasbourg.
The Alemanni fought the Battle of Argentoratum against Rome in 357. They were defeated by Julian, later Emperor of Rome, and their King Chonodomarius was taken prisoner. On 2 January 366, the Alemanni crossed the frozen Rhine in large numbers to invade the Roman Empire. Early in the fifth century, the Alemanni appear to have crossed the Rhine, conquered, and then settled what is today Alsace and a large part of Switzerland.
In the fifth century Strasbourg was occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks. In the ninth century it was commonly known as Strazburg in the local language, as documented in 842 by the Oaths of Strasbourg. This trilingual text contains, alongside texts in Latin and Old High German (teudisca lingua), the oldest written variety of Gallo-Romance (lingua romana) clearly distinct from Latin, the ancestor of Old French. The town was also called Stratisburgum or Strateburgus in Latin, from which later came Strossburi in Alsatian and Straßburg in Standard German, and then Strasbourg in French. The Oaths of Strasbourg is considered as marking the birth of the two countries of France and Germany with the division of the Carolingian Empire.[19]
A major commercial centre, the town came under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 923, through the homage paid by the Duke of Lorraine to German King Henry I. The early history of Strasbourg consists of a long conflict between its bishop and its citizens. The citizens emerged victorious after the Battle of Oberhausbergen in 1262, when King Philip of Swabia granted the city the status of an Imperial Free City.
Around 1200, Gottfried von Straßburg wrote the Middle High German courtly romance Tristan, which is regarded, alongside Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival and the Nibelungenlied, as one of great narrative masterpieces of the German Middle Ages.
A revolution in 1332 resulted in a broad-based city government with participation of the guilds, and Strasbourg declared itself a free republic. The deadly bubonic plague of 1348 was followed on 14 February 1349 by one of the first and worst pogroms in pre-modern history: over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to death, with the remainder of the Jewish population being expelled from the city.[20] Until the end of the 18th century, Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm. The time to leave the city was signalled by a municipal herald blowing the Grüselhorn (see below, Museums, Musée historique);.[21] A special tax, the Pflastergeld (pavement money), was furthermore to be paid for any horse that a Jew would ride or bring into the city while allowed to.[22]
Construction on Strasbourg Cathedral began in the twelfth century, and it was completed in 1439 (though, of the towers, only the north tower was built), becoming the World's Tallest Building, surpassing the Great Pyramid of Giza. A few years later, Johannes Gutenberg created the first European moveable type printing press in Strasbourg.
In July 1518, an incident known as the Dancing Plague of 1518 struck residents of Strasbourg. Around 400 people were afflicted with dancing mania and danced constantly for weeks, most of them eventually dying from heart attack, stroke or exhaustion.
In the 1520s during the Protestant Reformation, the city, under the political guidance of Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and the spiritual guidance of Martin Bucer embraced the religious teachings of Martin Luther. Their adherents established a Gymnasium, headed by Johannes Sturm, made into a University in the following century. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. Protestant iconoclasm caused much destruction to churches and cloisters, notwithstanding that Luther himself opposed such a practice. Strasbourg was a centre of humanist scholarship and early book-printing in the Holy Roman Empire, and its intellectual and political influence contributed much to the establishment of Protestantism as an accepted denomination in the southwest of Germany. (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city). The Strasbourg Councillor Sturm and guildmaster Matthias represented the city at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), where their protest led to the schism of the Catholic Church and the evolution of Protestantism. Together with four other free cities, Strasbourg presented the confessio tetrapolitana as its Protestant book of faith at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where the slightly different Augsburg Confession was also handed over to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
After the reform of the Imperial constitution in the early sixteenth century and the establishment of Imperial Circles, Strasbourg was part of the Upper Rhenish Circle, a corporation of Imperial estates in the southwest of Holy Roman Empire, mainly responsible for maintaining troops, supervising coining, and ensuring public security.
After the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, the first printing offices outside the inventor's hometown Mainz were established around 1460 in Strasbourg by pioneers Johannes Mentelin and Heinrich Eggestein. Subsequently, the first modern newspaper was published in Strasbourg in 1605, when Johann Carolus received the permission by the City of Strasbourg to print and distribute a weekly journal written in German by reporters from several central European cities.
From Thirty Years' War to First World War
The Free City of Strasbourg remained neutral during the Thirty Years' War 1618-1648, and retained its status as a Free Imperial City. However, the city was later annexed by Louis XIV of France to extend the borders of his kingdom.
Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg.[23] Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces,[24] and three times during the Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace.[25] In September 1681 Louis' forces, though lacking a clear casus belli, surrounded the city with overwhelming force. After some negotiation, Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation.[26]
This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was not applied in Strasbourg and in Alsace, because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif (a kind of foreign province of the king of France). Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands). Its language also remained overwhelmingly German: the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution. Famous students included Goethe and Herder.
The Duke of Lorraine and Imperial troops crossing the Rhine at Strasbourg during the War of the Austrian Succession, 1744
During a dinner in Strasbourg organized by Mayor Frédéric de Dietrich on 25 April 1792, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle composed "La Marseillaise". The same year François Christophe Kellermann, a child of Strasbourg was appointed the head of the Mosel Army. He led his company to victory at the battle of Valmy and saved the young French republic. He was later appointed Duke of Valmy by Napoléon in 1808.
During this period Jean-Baptiste Kléber, also born in Strasbourg, led the French army to win several decisive victories. A statue of Kléber now stands in the centre of the city, at Place Kléber, and he is still one of the most famous French officers. He was later appointed Marshal of France by Napoléon.
Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality. The tower was saved, however, when in May of the same year citizens of Strasbourg crowned it with a giant tin Phrygian cap. This artifact was later kept in the historical collections of the city until it was destroyed by the Germans in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war.[27]
In 1805, 1806 and 1809, Napoléon Bonaparte and his first wife, Joséphine stayed in Strasbourg.[28] In 1810, his second wife Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma spent her first night on French soil in the palace. Another royal guest was King Charles X of France in 1828.[29] In 1836, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte unsuccessfully tried to lead his first Bonapartist coup in Strasbourg.
During the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Strasbourg, the city was heavily bombarded by the Prussian army. The bombardment of the city was meant to break the morale of the people of Strasbourg.[30] On 24 and 26 August 1870, the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire, as was the Municipal Library housed in the Gothic former Dominican church, with its unique collection of medieval manuscripts (most famously the Hortus deliciarum), rare Renaissance books, archeological finds and historical artifacts. The gothic cathedral was damaged as well as the medieval church of Temple Neuf, the theatre, the city hall, the court of justice and many houses. At the end of the siege 10,000 inhabitants were left without shelter; over 600 died, including 261 civilians, and 3200 were injured, including 1,100 civilians.[31]
In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new city" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.
Strasbourg in the 1890s.
A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.[32]
Those forts subsequently served the French army (Fort Podbielski/Ducrot for instance was integrated into the Maginot Line[33]), and were used as POW-camps in 1918 and 1945.
Two garrison churches were also erected for the members of the Imperial German army, the Lutheran Église Saint-Paul and the Roman Catholic Église Saint-Maurice.
1918 to the present
A lost, then restored, symbol of modernity in Strasbourg : a room in the Aubette building designed by Theo van Doesburg, Hans Arp and Sophie Taeuber-Arp.
Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city.[34][35][36] Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".[37]
In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was annexed by France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections.[38] The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France.[39] At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians.
In 1920, Strasbourg became the seat of the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, previously located in Mannheim, one of the oldest European institutions. It moved into the former Imperial Palace.
When the Maginot Line was built, the Sous-secteur fortifié de Strasbourg (fortified sub-sector of Strasbourg) was laid out on the city's territory as a part of the Secteur fortifié du Bas-Rhin, one of the sections of the Line. Blockhouses and casemates were built along the Grand Canal d'Alsace and the Rhine in the Robertsau forest and the port.[40]
Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten months, completely empty, with the exception of the garrisoned soldiers. The Jews of Strasbourg had been evacuated to Périgueux and Limoges, the University had been evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand.
After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews were deported on 15 July 1940 and the main synagogue, a huge Romanesque revival building that had been a major architectural landmark with its 54-metre-high dome since its completion in 1897, was set ablaze, then razed.[41]
In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert Wagner, the highest commander of Alsace directly under the order of Hitler. In March 1942, Marcel Weinum was prosecuted by the Gestapo and sentenced to be beheaded at the age of 18 in April 1942 in Stuttgart, Germany. His last words will be: "If I have to die, I shall die but with a pure heart". From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft. While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake.[42] In August 1944, several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs, particularly the Palais Rohan, the Old Customs House (Ancienne Douane) and the Cathedral.[43] On 23 November 1944, the city was officially liberated by the 2nd French Armoured Division under General Leclerc. He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers, after the decisive Capture of Kufra. With the Oath of Kuffra, they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg.
Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.
In 1947, a fire broke out in the Musée des Beaux-Arts and devastated a significant part of the collections. This fire was an indirect consequence of the bombing raids of 1944: because of the destruction inflicted on the Palais Rohan, humidity had infiltrated the building, and moisture had to be fought. This was done with welding torches, and a bad handling of these caused the fire.[44]
In the 1950s and 1960s the city was enlarged by new residential areas meant to solve both the problem of housing shortage due to war damage and that of the strong growth of population due to the baby boom and immigration from North Africa: Cité Rotterdam in the North-East, Quartier de l'Esplanade in the South-East, Hautepierre in the North-West. Between 1995 and 2010, a new district has been built in the same vein, the Quartier des Poteries, south of Hautepierre.
In 1958, a violent hailstorm destroyed most of the historical greenhouses of the Botanical Garden and many of the stained glass windows of St. Paul's Church.
In 1949, the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia. Since 1952, the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg, which was formally designated its official 'seat' at the Edinburgh meeting of the European Council of EU heads of state and government in December 1992. (This position was reconfirmed and given treaty status in the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam). However, only the (four-day) plenary sessions of the Parliament are held in Strasbourg each month, with all other business being conducted in Brussels and Luxembourg. Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss, inaugurated in 1999, which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world. Before that, the EP sessions had to take place in the main Council of Europe building, the Palace of Europe, whose unusual inner architecture had become a familiar sight to European TV audiences.[45] In 1992, Strasbourg became the seat of the Franco-German TV channel and movie-production society Arte.
In 2000, a terrorist plot to blow up the cathedral was prevented thanks to the cooperation between French and German police that led to the arrest in late 2000 of a Frankfurt-based group of terrorists.
On 6 July 2001, during an open-air concert in the Parc de Pourtalès, a single falling Platanus tree killed thirteen people and injured 97. On 27 March 2007, the city was found guilty of neglect over the accident and fined €150,000.[46]
In 2006, after a long and careful restoration, the inner decoration of the Aubette, made in the 1920s by Hans Arp, Theo van Doesburg, and Sophie Taeuber-Arp and destroyed in the 1930s, was made accessible to the public again. The work of the three artists had been called "the Sistine Chapel of abstract art".
Architecture
Strasbourg, Cathedral of Our Lady
The city is chiefly known for its sandstone Gothic Cathedral with its famous astronomical clock, and for its medieval cityscape of Rhineland black and white timber-framed buildings, particularly in the Petite France district or Gerberviertel ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned Maison Kammerzell stands out.
Notable medieval streets include Rue Mercière, Rue des Dentelles, Rue du Bain aux Plantes, Rue des Juifs, Rue des Frères, Rue des Tonneliers, Rue du Maroquin, Rue des Charpentiers, Rue des Serruriers, Grand' Rue, Quai des Bateliers, Quai Saint-Nicolas and Quai Saint-Thomas. Notable medieval squares include Place de la Cathédrale, Place du Marché Gayot, Place Saint-Étienne, Place du Marché aux Cochons de Lait and Place Benjamin Zix.
Maison des tanneurs.
In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played,[49] the Gothic Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century, the Gothic Église Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture, the Gothic Église Saint-Jean, the part Gothic, part Art Nouveau Église Sainte-Madeleine, etc. The Neo-Gothic church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique (there is also an adjacent church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Protestant) serves as a shrine for several 15th-century wood worked and painted altars coming from other, now destroyed churches and installed there for public display. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental Ancienne Douane (old custom-house) stands out.
The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "Hôtel de Hanau" (1736, now the city hall), the Hôtel de Klinglin (1736, now residence of the préfet), the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts (1755, now residence of the military governor), the Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin (1725, now seat of the administration of the Port autonome de Strasbourg) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the 150 m (490 ft) long 1720s main building of the Hôpital civil. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style.
Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles[50] and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.[51]
Notable streets of the German district include: Avenue de la Forêt Noire, Avenue des Vosges, Avenue d'Alsace, Avenue de la Marseillaise, Avenue de la Liberté, Boulevard de la Victoire, Rue Sellénick, Rue du Général de Castelnau, Rue du Maréchal Foch, and Rue du Maréchal Joffre. Notable squares of the German district include: Place de la République, Place de l'Université, Place Brant, and Place Arnold
As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest. Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new Music school Cité de la Musique et de la Danse, the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain and the Hôtel du Département facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station Hoenheim-Nord designed by Zaha Hadid.
Place Kléber
The city has many bridges, including the medieval and four-towered Ponts Couverts that, despite their name, are no longer covered. Next to the Ponts Couverts is the Barrage Vauban, a part of Vauban's 17th-century fortifications, that does include a covered bridge. Other bridges are the ornate 19th-century Pont de la Fonderie (1893, stone) and Pont d'Auvergne (1892, iron), as well as architect Marc Mimram's futuristic Passerelle over the Rhine, opened in 2004.
The largest square at the centre of the city of Strasbourg is the Place Kléber. Located in the heart of the city's commercial area, it was named after general Jean-Baptiste Kléber, born in Strasbourg in 1753 and assassinated in 1800 in Cairo. In the square is a statue of Kléber, under which is a vault containing his remains. On the north side of the square is the Aubette (Orderly Room), built by Jacques François Blondel, architect of the king, in 1765–1772.
Parks
The Pavillon Joséphine (rear side) in the Parc de l'Orangerie
The Château de Pourtalès (front side) in the park of the same name
Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Joséphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban;[52] the Parc de Pourtalès, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel,[53] and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture.[54] The Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the Observatory of Strasbourg, built in 1881, and still owns some greenhouses of those times. The Parc des Contades, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. The futuristic Parc des Poteries is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. The Jardin des deux Rives, spread over Strasbourg and Kehl on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. The most recent park is Parc du Heyritz (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the hôpital civil.
My photo buddies remarking on the lovely new Porthdinllaen Lifeboat Station which is nearing completion after about two years of construction.
I'm in love with the mods I made to my original design. Now featuring a working drivers hatch as well as opening ammo storage on the turret. Also has a much more realistic rotation point as I had been off before. Other than that it's pretty straight forward. All in all this has gone from a design I was 75% happy with to one I'm 100% happy with. Let me know what you think!
INCLUDES:
SOUTH PARK: THE COMPLETE THIRTEENTH SEASON:
Year Released: 2009
Studio: Paramount / Comedy Central
Aspect Ratio: 1.78:1
AUDIO & SUBTITLES:
- English (Dolby TrueHD 5.1)
- English (Dolby 2.0)
FUTURAMA: VOLUME 6:
Year Released: 2011
Studio: 20th Century Fox
Aspect Ratio: 1.78:1
AUDIO:
- English (DTS-HD 5.1)
SUBTITLES:
English SDH, Spanish, French
RALPH BREAKS THE INTERNET:
Year Released: 2018
Studio: Disney
Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1 SCOPE
AUDIO & SUBTITLES:
- English (DTS-HD 7.1)
- French (Canadian) (Dolby 5.1)
- Spanish (Dolby 5.1)
ANT-MAN:
Year Released: 2015
Studio: Disney / Marvel
Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1 SCOPE
AUDIO & SUBTITLES:
- English (DTS-HD 7.1)
- French (Canadian) (Dolby 5.1)
- Spanish (Dolby 5.1)
READY PLAYER ONE 4K:
Year Released: 2018
Studio: Warner Bros.
Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1 SCOPE
AUDIO (REGULAR BLU-RAY):
- English (Dolby Atmos)
- English (DTS-HD 5.1)
- French (Canadian) (Dolby 5.1)
- Spanish (Dolby 5.1)
- Portuguese (Brazilian) (Dolby 5.1)
AUDIO (4K BLU-RAY):
- English (Dolby Atmos)
- English (DTS-HD 5.1)
- French (Canadian) (Dolby 5.1)
- Italian (Dolby 5.1)
- Spanish (Dolby 5.1)
- Portuguese (Brazilian) (Dolby 5.1)
- Czech (Dolby 5.1)
- Hungarian (Dolby 5.1)
- Polish (Dolby 5.1)
- Polish (Voiceover) (Dolby 5.1)
- Russian (Dolby 5.1)
- Thai (Dolby 5.1)
- Turkish (Dolby 5.1)
SUBTITLES (REGULAR BLU-RAY):
English SDH, French, Spanish, Portuguese
SUBTITLES (4K BLU-RAY):
English SDH, French, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese Chinese, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic, Czech, Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Thai, Turkish
*ICARUS*complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame:*ICARUS* BLUE LUG CUSTOM
Headset:*CHRIS KING*nothread
Front wheels:*PACENTI*rim × *SCHMIDT*son hub
Rear wheels:*PACENTI*rim × *PHILWOOD* hub
Tire:*COMPASS*
Brake lever:*PAUL*canti lever
Shift lever:*DIA-COMPE*
Crankset:*RENE HERSE*
Pedal:*MKS*touring lite
FD&RD: *SHIMANO*
Brake:*PAUL*neoretro
Handle:*NITTO*b354aaf
Stem:*ICARUS*custom stem
Seat post:*NITTO*65
Saddle:*BROOKS*titanium
Front rack:*PASS AND STOW*
Front light:*SCHMIDT*son
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
N.V. Koolhoven was an aircraft manufacturer based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. From its conception in 1926 to its destruction in the Blitzkrieg in May 1940, the company remained the Dutch second major aircraft manufacturer after Fokker.
Although many of its aircraft were as unsuccessful economically as they were brilliant from a design standpoint, the company managed to score several 'hits', amongst them the FK-58 single-seat monoplane fighter, the FK-50 twin-engine passenger transport and the FK-41.
The FK-58 was the last aircraft to be produced in the Netherlands, but Koolhoven's engineers remained active in their British exile. So it came that the FK-60 fighter, which had been onm the drawing board when the Netherlands fell victim to the German aggressors, was eventually built in England by Desoutter in Croydon, Surrey.
The FK-60 had been designed with a more powerful armament, compared to the relatively light FK-58, with focus on a good rate of climb and manouverability. It was a conservative monoplane with low wings, a fully retractable landing gear and an all-metal skin, expect for the rudder surfaces which remained covered with fabric. The fall of continental resources prevented any hardware tests in 1940, when the first protytype was under construction.
After having re-established itself with the help of Desoutter in early 1941, the FK-60 project was taken up again, primarily for the Netherlands East Indies where the ML-KNIL needed more modern and powerful fighters. Originally the FK-60 was to be powered by a Gnôme-Rhône 14 N-49 double-row radial engine with 1.150 hp (845 kW), but this had become unobtainable. Anyway, the new base in England offered new options, and imported Wricht Cycloen R-18200 engines with 1.200 hp (882 kW) was chosen. This 9 cylinder radial engine required a re-design of the engine cowling, though, for a bigger diameter at the front that gave the FK-60 an apperance that reminded much of the stubby Polikarpov I-16 fighter.
A unique feature was that the heavy armament was to be placed in the fuselage, firing thorugh the propeller disc, so that the center of gravity could be kept close to the longitudal axis. As a consequence, a total of three 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine guns were grouped around the radial engine, firing from compartments alongside the forward fuselage. This required the ammunition to placed right behind the engine, so that the cockpit had to be moved relatively far back. With the new cowling, though, this resulted in a poor field of view for the pilot, especially when taxiing on the ground. This armament was complemented by four 7.62mm (0.303 in) machine guns in the wings.
Flight tests with the modified, newly built prototype, started in November 1941 and the design proved to be promising. Speed and handling at low altitude was very good,
The new Dutch fighter came just in time: On 1 January 1942 the Dutch forces joined the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, but at the onset of the Japanese assault the ML-KNIL was not up to full combat strength. Of the aircraft that had been ordered, only a small number had been delivered, and many were obsolete models, like the Brewster Buffalo, the Curtiss Hawk 75 or the Curtiss-Wright CW-21 Demon. Production of the FK-60 was immediately taken up and the airframes transported by ship to the Dutch New-Guinea theatre.
There were five groups, three of bombers and two of fighters, each of three to four squadrons. A sixth depot group provided support, transport and training. Reconnaissance aircraft were placed directly under command of the Army to give support to ground troops. Despite stubborn resistance the Japanese occupied the Dutch colonies, though numbers of aircraft found their way to northern Australia in order to continue the fight.
Following the fall of the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) three joint Australian-NEI squadrons were formed. The first of these, No. 18 (NEI) Squadron RAAF, was formed in April 1942 as a medium bomber squadron equipped with B-25 Mitchell aircraft. The second joint Australian-NEI squadron, No. 119 (NEI) Squadron RAAF, was also to be a medium bomber squadron. No. 119 NEI Squadron was only active between September and December 1943 when it was disbanded to form No. 120 (NEI) Squadron RAAF which was a fighter squadron.
In 1943, 120 (NEI) Squadron was established. Equipped with Kittyhawk fighters and the newly arrived FK-60 fighters, it flew many missions under Australian command, including the recapturing of Dutch New Guinea.
No. 120 (NEI) Squadron was formed at RAAF Station Fairbairn in Canberra on 10 December 1943. As a joint Australian-Dutch unit, the Dutch authorities provided all the squadron's aircrew and aircraft while the RAAF provided its ground crew. This arrangement had been previously used for No. 18 (NEI) Squadron and the short-lived No. 119 (NEI) Squadron. It was originally intended that once formed, No. 120 (NEI) Squadron would be deployed to northern Australia and operate alongside No. 18 (NEI) Squadron. However, it was later decided to deploy the unit to Merauke on the south coast of New Guinea, which formed part of the pre-war Netherlands East Indies (NEI).
The Squadron completed its training in early 1944. During December 1943, the No. 120 (NEI) Squadron pilots who had been trained in the United States received training at No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit to familiarise them with RAAF procedures. The squadron acquired its full complement with additional P-40 Kittyhawk fighters by 22 January 1944; at this time it was manned by 28 Dutch pilots and 213 RAAF personnel.
In the course of first combat experiences with the FK-60 it became clear that the light wing machine guns were rather obsolete, lacking range and esp. hitting power. Frequently, these weapons were removed by the crews, and it was in April 1944 that first field modifications were made to improve the FK-60's firepower: two 20mm (0.787 in) Hispano cannons of Australian origin were mounted in the wings, with 60 RPG.
While these guns were heavy and their ammunition supply limited, this measure turned the FK-60 into a very effective ground attack aircraft that was comparable with the Australian Commonwealth CA-14 Boomerang - even though the poor field of view made manouvering at low altitude hazardous.
Anyway, England-based production of the FK-60 already ceased in late 1943 after only about 60 aircraft had been built - the British resources were needed elsewhere, so that the FK-60 became the ultimate Koolhoven aircraft to be produced in significant numbers.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1
Length: 24 ft 7 3/4 in (7,54 m)
Wingspan: 33 ft 4½ in (10.19 m)
Height: 11 ft 5½ in (3.50 m)
Wing area: 187.1 ft² (17.44 m²)
Empty weight: 5,518 lb (2,505 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 7,378 lb (3,350 kg)
Performance
Maximum speed: 343 mph (555 km/h)
Range: 692 mi (1.117 km)
Service ceiling: 35,363 ft (10,800 m)
Rate of climb: 2,303 ft/min (11.7 m/s)
Wing loading: 29.5 lb/ft² (192 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.16 hp/lb (0.26 kW/kg)
Engine:
1× Wright Cyclone R-1820-60 9 cylinder radial engine with 1.200 hp (882 kW)
Armament:
3× 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine guns with 250 RPG in the forward fuselage, synchronized to fire through the propeller disk
Provisions for 4× 7.62 (0.303 in) machine guns in the wings, outside of the landing gear; often replaced in the field by 2× 20mm (0.787 in) Hispano or CAC cannons with 60 RPG.
Hardpoint under the fuselage for a 500 lb (227 kg) bomb or a drop tank
The kit and its assembly
This aircraft is completely fictional, and the result of a spontaneous purchase: it's Art Model's kit of the I-210 prototype, also known as MiG-3 Ash-82 or MiG-9 (first use of designation) - a rather disappointing attempt to mate the MiG-3 with a radial engine.
Art Model is AFAIK a relatively new Russian manufacturer, and I already built their Grumman Bearcat. This one confirms the good initial impression, and actually the I-210 kit is a good one. It appears a bit simple, as the wings are just one massive piece. But all parts fit very well - except for the fuselage halves, which need massive shaping and sanding effort. But, on the positive side, there are nice interior details in the cockpit and the landing gear wells, and there's a fine resin engine (which I did not use, though).
It took a while to find a whiffy use for the kit, and finally settled on the idea to make another contribution to this year's Group Build at whatifmodelers.com under the theme "Asiarama". From there, and the wish to build a whif aircraft in a Dutch East Indies livery. But I had to de-sovietize this MiG somehow...
The kit was taken more or less OOB, but its engine and the nose were modified. The cowling was shortened, making place for a fan-less single radial engine from the scrap box (I suspect that it comes from a Matchbox Gladiator, the first one I built maybe 30 years ago!). A new cowling ring, also from a Matchbox Gloster Gladiator, was implanted. The original propeller received a smaller spinner from a Matchbox Fw 190, and that already changed the overall look of the aircraft considerable, even though it appears now like a Polikarpov I-16 on steroids?
I adapted the I-210's weapon installations with three MGs around the engine. Odd, but why not? The wing armament is a personal addition, the 20mm cannons were built from scratch.
Some bulges for the weapons and a pilot were added to the basic kit, that was all.
Painting and markings:
At first glance, the paint scheme looks familiar, like the typical RAF Dark Earth/Dark Green from above. But upon closer inspection, the ML-KNIL's typical scheme actually consists of two green tones, with silver undersides. This scheme was frequently used on many other ML-KNIL planes, e. g. the P-36/Hawk 75 or, Curtiss-Wright CW-21, and also on some RAAF Spitfires in that region.
For the lighter 'Oudeblad' ("old leaves") tone I used Olive Drab from Humbrol (155), which is rather brown-ish. 155 seems to be a perfect choice, and it was shaded with FS 34087 from Model Masters and Humbrol 26 (Khaki Drab).
For the darker Jongblad ("young leaves") tone I used Humbrol 195 as basic tone. FS 34092 is often recommended (as well as for RAAF "Foliage Green"), but I found this modern FS tone to be much too bluish and light. It just does not look right. After consulting pictures of a ML-KNIL Buffalo replica at airliners.net, I settled for the darker Chromeoxyde Green, setting some shades with Marine Green (Humbrol 105) and Army Green (Humbrol 102)
Taking Hawk 75 in ML-KNIL use as a benchmark I wrapped the paint scheme around the leading edges and the rear fuselage, so that only the lower wing surfaces and the engine cowling received a coat with Revell's acyrlic Aluminum. The fabric-covered rudders were painted with the darker, more gray-ish Humbrol 56. Model MAster Aluminum was used for some light shading.
A nice, colorful detail is the typical collector ring at the engine front - painted with a mix of Copper and Titanium Metallizer - it really turns the MiG into something different.
The interior surfaces became Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), I deemed it an appropriate tone as the aircraft was assembled in the UK.
Finally, the kit was considerably weathered through a black ink wash, dry brushing on all surfaces with lighter/bleached tones of the camouflage colours, some emphasized panel lines, plus some soot stains around the guns and the exhaust - the humid conditions would certainly take their toll on the aircraft.
Markings were puzzled together. The triangles come from two Matchbox Buffal kits - the marking on the upper wings are not authentic, but I wanted to add them as these insignia are so exotic and stand out so well from the all-green background. The white fuselage stripe is another detail taken from ML-KNIL Buffalos, improvised with white decal strpis from a TL Modellbau sheet. The tactical code "K-164/D" is totally fictional and also created thorugh single digits from TL decal sheets.
In the end, a small project from the long idea list, done in just two days as nothing much was changed and I had all ingredients at hand.
PAUL McCARTNEY UNPLUGGED COMPLETE 1991 BLU-RAY
The complete Unplugged performance from January 25, 1991 at Limehouse Studios, Wembley, London!
Remastered and upscaled - Looks and sounds fantastic! In stereo! Includes rehearsals from the show and
the TV Broadcast version and a bonus interview on the show. You will LOVE this! 43 chapters approx 165 mins.
VIDEO SAMPLE: youtu.be/b_1gQN12uM8
Unplugged MTV complete uncut stereo version from original videotape.
01 Introduction
02 Mean Woman Blues
03 Matchbox
04 Midnight Special
05 I Lost My Little Girl
06 Here, There And Everywhere
07 San Francisco Bay Blues
08 We Can Work It Out false start
09 We Can Work It Out breakdown
10 We Can Work It Out
11 Blue Moon Of Kentucky
12 I’ve Just Seen A Face
13 Every Night
14 Be-Bop-A-Lula
15 She’s A Woman
16 And I Love Her
17 The Fool
18 Things We Said Today
19 That Would Be Something
20 Blackbird (with false start)
21 Hi-Heel Sneakers
22 Good Rockin’ Tonight
23 Junk
24 Ain’t No Sunshine
25 Ain’t No Sunshine
26 We Can Work It Out
27 Singing The Blues
Jan 25: Broadcast Version
Aired on MTV April 3, 1991
28 Be Bop A Lula
29 I Lost My Little Girl
30 Here There and Everywhere
31 Blue Moon of Kentucky
32 We Can Work It Out
33 I've Just Seen a Face
34 Every Night
35 She's a Woman
36 And I Love Her
37 That Would Be Something
38 Blackbird
39 Good Rocking Tonight
40 Singing The Blues
41 Junk
42 Rehearsals for Unplugged
Midnight Special, Every Night & Blackbird
43 July 19: MTV Unplugged Interview For Japan
*AFFINITY* lo pro complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *AFFINITY* lo pro (chrome plate)
Front Wheel: *H PLUS SON* the box rim × *GRAN COMPE* small track hub
Rear Wheel: *H PLUS SON* super lite rim × *GRAN COMPE* small track hub
Crankset: *AFFINITY CYCLES* original crankset (silver)
Brake lever:*CANE CREEK* crosstop brake levers (black)
Stem:*NITTO* UI-2 cr-mo ahead stem (OS/blk)
Handle: *NITTO* rb001aa BL special (ganmeta)
Saddle: *SELLE SAN MARCO* zoncolan urban saddle (black suede)
Seatpost: *VELO ORANGE* grand cru seatpost (silver)
Pedal: *MKS* urban platform pedal (silver)
Apple MacBook Pro 15", display Acer TFT 19", mini-ITX Ubuntu Linux based, workstation Red Hat Linux based and other.
:D
An aerial look at the SR 20 Sharpes Corner and SR 20 Miller Gibralter roads roundabouts in Skagit County.
L to R, from Back Row (where a head is up or down from the last named person, it is indicated as such; only non-PRC members are annotated):
Back Row: Stephan Strybol (Tour Guide Bus #2), Tom Shillington, Erika Slager, Peter Ross (Tour Guide Bus #1), Tracey Francis, Ron McConnell, Bob Stewart, David Black, Stuart Weeks on flag, Paul Hale on flag, Robert Marsh, Richard Marsh, David Moore, Barbara Masterman, William Turner, Nadine Turner, Glenn Nordick, Doug Delaney (Historian)
Second: Stan Tenson in ball cap, Vince Kennedy, Ron Paquin in hat, Ed Kenney, Al Johnston down, Kenella Johnston to his side, up to Dave Pentney, Del Foster, Janet Pentney, Kent Foster, RSM Kevin Lewis, Jacqueline Girouard, Ed Staniowski, Gillian Parker, Barbara Metaxas, Perry Metaxas-Mariatos, John Plantz, Doug Brooks, Bruce McDonald, Mathew Willow
Third: John de Chastelain in wide hat, Lisa Williams, Gina Roline, Carol Romses, Ray Romses, Sasha Ellyn, Cathan Perry, Phil Tweedie, Bev Tweedie (independents), CherylLynn Nordick, Wendy Kennedy, Jeanne Paquin, below Marie Paquin. Paul Paquin, Student Colin Kaduck, Ray Paquin, Cadt Bailey Nehring, Terry Loveridge (historian), Capt Christian Stenner, Stan Willow
Fourth: MaryAnn de Chastelain in hat, Margaret Ellis, Bill Hewson, Norah Hewson, Sgt Brad Lowes, Jason Magnan, Robert Curtin, above Karen Storwick, Aileen Beninger, Cdt Brayden Einboden, above Bill Johnson, Cdt Tristen Gagne, Valerie Johnson, below Cdt Athena Nash, Cdt Charlotte Clark, above Diana Cardoni, below Cdt Sara Bridal, Cdt Catherine Kroeker, Jane McKay-Byers, John Byers, Cdt David Wiebe, Cdt Owen Lepp, Patricia Forigio, Capt Stephanie Russell, Angela Reid, Tom Reid.
Front: Stdg – BGen Wayne Eyre (Guard President) , Madame Adrienne Clarkson Colonel-in-Chief PPCLI, LGen Ray Crabbe (Colonel of the Regiment), CWO Schiedl (Regimental CWO)
Photo by MCpl Louis Brunet, Canadian Army Public Affairs, 3rd Can Div PA HQ
AS01-2015-0011-005
J’aime la couleur jaunâtre rajoutée et qui complète la teinte de l’albumine.
Juste du rouge, jaune et violet, mais très bien employé !
Pas de doublon par Herbert, seule deux personnages et pas du même sexe !
BK , Adolph Block vendait ces productions en trois choix suivant ce que vous vouliez payer.
-Albumine neutre.
-Peint directement sur l’albumine.
-Diorama.
Personnellement, je pense que la mise en couleur directement sur l’albumine demandait de grandes qualités graphiques à nos "petites mains". La moindre bavure entre la gauche et la droite en coloration rendait la stéréo vibrante, non agréable à regarder.
I love the added yellowish tint that complements the albumen's hue.
Just red, yellow, and purple, but very well used! No duplicates by Herbert, only two characters, and not of the same gender!
BK, Adolph Block sold these productions in three options depending on your budget:
- Plain albumen.
- Painted directly on the albumen.
- Diorama.
Personally, I think that coloring directly on the albumen required great graphic skill from our "little hands." The slightest smudge between left and right in the coloring made the stereo effect vibrate, unpleasant to look at.
The central motif is cured, sanded and buffed. The remainder of the top veneer will be assembled as two side panels.
*SURLY* crosscheck complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *SURLY* crosscheck BLUE LUG CUSTOM PAINT by COOK PAINT WORKS
Headset: *CHRIS KING* nothreadset (mango)
Wheels: *H PLUS SON* archetypex rim × *SHIMANO* 105
Tire: *GRAND BOIS*
Handle:*SALSA CYCLES* cowbell
Saddle:*BROOKS* swift
Brake&Shift Lever:*SHIMANO* 105
RD:*SHIMANO* 105
Chainkeeper:*FAIRWEATHER* chainkeeper
Brake:*PAUL* minimoto
Crankset:*WHITE INDUSTRIES* eno single speed crank (black)
Nicholas Hair (top right) is joined by many in celebrating the last ever South London Line arrival at London Bridge. Nicholas is, famously, the last person to ever drink an alcoholic beverage on board the South London Line!
*SURLY* krampus complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *SURLY* krampus BLUE LUG CUSTOM PAINT by COOK PAINT WORKS
Headset: *CANE CREEK* 40
Front Wheel: *SURLY* rabbit hole × *SURLY*
Rear Wheel: *SURLY* rabbit hole × *SHIMANO*
Tire: *SURLY* knard
Brake lever:*AVID*
Crankset: *SHIMANO* zee
Shifter:*SHIMANO* slx
Brake: *AVID* bb7
Handle: *SALSA CYCLES*
RD:*SHIMANO* slx
A delicious blend of triangles from my Fat Quarter Shop bundle and a few extra fabrics including some hoarded AMH fabrics. Made and completed for my husband for Father's Day 2013.
*GEEKHOUSE* mudville complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *GEEKHOUSE* mudville BLUELUG SPECIAL
Headset:*CANE CREEK* forty (black)
Wheels: *FULCRUM* Racing 5 CX Wheels
Tire: *IRD* cross fire (blue) 700c×32c
Crankset: *WHITE INDUSTRIES* eno single speed crank (black)
Chainring:*WHITE INDUSTRIES* VBC outer chainring (black)
Pedal: *CRANK BROTHERS* candy 3 pedal (blue)
Brake&shift lever:*SHIMANO* 105
RD: *SHIMANO* 105
Brake:*CANE CREEK* scx-5 cantilever brakes
Handle: *SALSA*
Stem:*THOMSON* elite x2 stem (black)
Seat post: *THOMSON* elite seatpost (black)
Saddle:*FIZIK* arione saddle (blue)
50 George Square, Edinburgh University was designed by Robert Matthew, Johnston-Marshall and Partners, and completed in 1970. It is Category B listed and forms part of the Category A listed Modernist campus buildings which includes David Hume Tower.
Page/Park architects, Harley Haddow engineers, Thomson Bethune quantity surveyors and Balfour Beatty construction refurbished 50 George Square and the linked basement level of David Hume Tower as part of a £40m project (completed 2014). A new semi-circular glazed extension above the projecting lecture theatre provides a project room. The development has been designed to have a low energy and CO2 emissions to the BREEAM 2008 Education standard. The project won the building conservation category at the RICS Scotland Annual Awards 2015.
The School of Languages, Literatures & Cultures has relocated to 50 George Square with a central teaching hub formed in the DHT basement.
www.urbanrealm.com/buildings/981/50_George_Square.html
www.urbanrealm.com/news/4877/Page%5CPark_unveil_revamp_of...
www.harleyhaddow.com/project/project-title-8/
pagepark.co.uk/projects/50-george-square-university-of-ed...
Wentworth
limited edition
plywood
200 pieces, used and complete
200 x 280 mm
2022 piece count: 149,300
puzzle: 204
Blurb on the box lid:
"WARNING - An adult wooden puzzle NOT suitable for children"
the NAUGHTY WOODEN JGSAW
AN EROTIC ADULT WOODEN JIGSAW PUZZLE FOR MEN
Selected pieces designed with imagination!
limited edition VOLUME 1
When I saw this Wentworth puzzle for sale on eBay I was intrigued, to say the least. There was just a brief description and photos of the packaging but no photo of the puzzle itself. I assumed it would be an artistic nude, perhaps a classic painting, so put in a low bid and won it. When it came I started to assemble it, and that's when I realised it was Wentworth's one and only venture into what I can only describe as smut! I'm reliably informed it's from 2001, if you're interested.
Although I've photographed the image I've chosen to only show you a censored version plus a photo of the reverse to show the whimsies.
I'm keeping it but only because I wouldn't want some poor innocent soul to buy it and be shocked!
LOCATION
Anvaya Cove is an easy and comfortable drive 2 ½ hours from Metro Manila. The travel to the north has improved greatly due to the rehabilitation on the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX). It is expected to improve further once the Clark Subic Tollway is completed in 2007.
MORONG, BATAAN
Anvaya Cove’s location takes advantage of the pristine beaches and verdant forests of Morong, Bataan. The shores of Morong, Bataan serve as nesting habitats for the endangered pawikan.
SUBIC BAY
Anvaya Cove is a convenient 20-minute drive from favorite vacation hotspot, Subic Bay Freeport. Subic’s offerings complete the variety of recreation options your family is looking for.
Teenage Thrills
* Kart racing at Le Mans Go-kart track
* Car races at the Subic International Raceway
* JEST (Jungle Environment & Survival Training) Camp
* Wreck-diving at Subic Bay
Adult Activities
* A round or two of golf at the SBMA Golf Course
* Yachting at the Subic Bay Yacht Club
* Shopping at the duty free stores and Nike outlet
PROJECT FACT SHEET
Anvaya Cove is Ayala Land, Inc.’s (ALI) first leisure community. It is strategically located in an area which boasts of natural surroundings and yet is close enough to the varied range of leisure offerings of Subic.
Overview of the Site
* Approximately 320 hectares of land area
* 3.5-km coastline with 2 private coves
* Peak elevation of 130 meters above sea level
* Rolling hills of mango and narra trees and bamboo groves
* Natural stream with fresh running water
Low Impact Development
Anvaya Cove strives to preserve the natural beauty of the site. Guidelines adapt to the natural beauty of the land, which ensures the preservation of wide open spaces.
* Safeguarding of natural features like trees, wetlands and other scenic qualities.
* Rolling asphalt roads
* Low impact pedestrian, bicycle and cart paths
Envisioned to be a place where families will be brought closer through unique natural experiences.
Exclusive Amenities
* • Anvaya Cove Beach and Nature Club
* • Chapel
* • View Pavillions
* • Nature’s camp
Families will be able to interact with nature in interesting ways. Anvaya Cove will endeavor to retain ecologically valuable areas where migratory birds, wildlife thrive and occasionally visit within and around the area, such as the pawikan and the Philippine Mallard.
Resort-quality Service
The needs of families and their guests will be attended to with great detail.
* Activity coordinators to assist families or planning and customizing their activities.
* Marine and Forest Rangers to guide and assist families on outdoor activities.
Product Offerings
Taking advantage of the sites best qualities, homeowners will have breathtaking views and scenic surroundings. Initial product offerings include:
* Membership shares in the Anvaya Cove Beach and Nature Club
* Choice of residential lots at The Cliffside at Anvaya Cove
Membership and Ownership
Membership in the Anvaya Cove Beach and Nature Club is a prerequisite to acquiring a residential lot or seaside villa.
Anvaya Cove is a joint development of Ayala Land Inc. and SUDECO, a privately owned real estate holding company.
BEACH AND NATURE CLUB PROJECT FACT SHEET
The only exclusive club of its kind in the country, Anvaya Cove Beach and Nature Club redefines leisure by providing varied activities for all members of the family in a setting where the amenities are integrated into the natural landscape. It is at the center of the community, offering multiple alternatives for respite and recreation, pleasure and pampering.
Adding to its uniqueness is its architecture which carries a unified Tropical-Asian theme that blends with its natural surroundings.
Targeted club opening is on the summer of 2007.
Facilities and Amenities:
RECREATIONAL BEACH AREA
The Recreational Beach area will have an active area for fun in the sun, as well as a passive area for quiet relaxation.
* Water Sports Pavilion
Water sports equipment rental such as jet skis and kayaks and arrangements for diving and fishing expeditions.
* Beach Cabanas
Charming open air huts for lounging that can accommodate whole families.
* Lookout Tower
Landmark where people can look far out into the sea from an elevated view check. At its best will be the Tower Bar, a lively hangout for party goers.
* Pawikan Bar and Grill
All fresco restaurant that will serve grilled seafood, cocktails and other tropical food favorites.
NATURE CAMP*
Will be nestled in the forested area east of the Club. Amenities and provisions for classic outdoor activities such as:
* Ziplines
An exciting ride through the forest harnessed on lofted cables
* Ropes Course
Obstacle course involving ropes and heights that will challenge the mind, body and team spirit
* Camping & Picnic Grounds
* Ecological Trails with varying degrees of difficulty which can be enjoyed by walking, hiking or biking
• Other Nature Camp facilities include the Nature Playground, the Nature Discovery Classroom and the Kiddie Obstacle Course.
*The Nature camp facilities will be separately owned and developed by Ayala Land but will be available for the benefit and enjoyment of Anvaya Cove Beach & Nature Club Members
SPA AREA
The Spa Area will be set within a tropical garden that overlooks the beach.
* Veda Spa
Offers various health and beauty treatments in individual and group rooms.
* Beach Massage Salas
Provides a blissful outdoor massage experience.
RECREATIONAL LAGOON AREA
For fishing, paddling boats and remote controlled boats. With a wide open expanse for field games such as kite flying and Frisbee throwing. This will also serve as a venue for large outdoor functions.
MAIN PAVILLION
* Welcome Pavilion
Members and guests will be treated to a vacation resort arrival. Here, visitors can make arrangements for lodging and can plan their schedule of activities with the help of activity coordinators.
* Bamboo Café
Main dining facility which serves buffet and ala carte meals in both elegant and casual dining settings.
* Wine Room
For a sophisticated dining and drinking experience. Enjoy the Club’s collection of fine wine, cheeses and cold cuts.
* Sambali Lounge
For relaxing, easy-listening music after an activity-filled day.
* Narra Room and Molave Room
Private function rooms for corporate meetings, family parties and special gatherings.
* Other facilities in the Main Pavilion are the Game Room, Library Lounge, Convenience Shop and Clinic.
RECREATIONAL POOL AREA
* Infinity-edged Swimming Pool with a lapping area
* Pool Deck with lounging areas
* Seashore Kiddie Village, a gated children’s activity area with Pool, Arts & Crafts Center and Indoor & Outdoor Play Zones.
Why YOU need a Real Estate Broker?
•Save you time and makes buying a real estate property much easier.
•Providing prospective clients with information that can help them identify areas to look for property
•Researching listings of property for sale
•Helping buyers identify properties that meet their needs
•Showing homes to clients
•Protect your investments by having a clear marketable title to your property.
•Negotiating purchase agreements with sellers and/or their agents
•Coordinating various aspects of the closing process on behalf of clients
•You do not pay extra for our service; it’s the SELLER\DEVELOPER who pays the brokerage fee.
•In Project Selling we follow Standard Price (same price as the Developer)
Contact us for more information…
Real Estate Broker Jennie P Malit
PRC Lic: 0002679
Wow Bahay Realty
Website: www.wowbahay.com
Email: jennie@wowbahay.com
salesbroker@gmail.com
Tel No.: (+63) (45) 436.4637 (PLDT)
Mobile No.: (+63) 0916.343.0877 (Globe)
for US and CANADA (magicjack)
Tel No.: +650.993.1568
Real Estate Broker Sherwin Rex Malit
PRC Lic: 0003933
Mobile No.: (+63) 0919.744.6577 (Smart)
(+63) 0922.980.1996 (Sun)
(+63) 0917.503.0877 (Globe)
Landline: 436-4637 (PLDT line)
Email: sherwin@wowbahay.com
Yahoo Messenger: bahaylistahan
*SURLY* krampus complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *SURLY* krampus BLUE LUG CUSTOM PAINT by COOK PAINT WORKS
Headset: *CHRIS KING* inset7 (black)
Wheels: *SURLY* rabbit hole × *CHRIS KING* classic hub (black)
Tire: *SURLY* knard
Brake lever:*PAUL* love lever (black)
Crankset: *SHIMANO* zee crankset
Bottom Bracket:*CHRIS KING*
Shifter:*SHIMANO* xt
RD:*SHIMANO* xt
Saddle: *WTB* volt
Brake: *AVID* bb7
Handle: *SALSA CYCLES* pro moto2 bar
Stem: *THOMSON* x4 stem (black)
Seatpost: *THOMSON* elite seatpost (black)
Chainkeeper: *PAUL* chain keeper
*SURLY* disk trucker complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *SURLY* disc trucker
Headset:*CANE CREEK*
Wheels: *ALEX RIMS* × *SHIMANO*
Tire: *CONTINENTAL*
Shifter: *SHIMANO*
FD&RD: *SHIMANO*
Pedal:*MKS* bm-7
Brake:*AVID* bb7
Brake Levers:*TEKTRO*
Panniers:*SWIFT INDUSTRIES* roll top
37425 TNT 37422 Complete with 50A Headboard on 3J51 York Thrall Europa - York Thrall Europa, Powering uphill at Seamer / Eastfield 15/12/2023
Day two of Oscars posting for 2025! Congrats to the best films of 2024, whether you're in this list or not.
I did see this one - it wasn't half bad but it got weirder and weirder as I looked things up after the movie. Bob Dylan is a weird guy and this movie definitely captures a part of that lol
*ANT*touring complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *ANT*touring
Headset:*CANE CREEK* 110
Front Wheels:*MAVIC*open sport × *PHILWOOD*road
Rear Wheels:*MAVIC*open sport × *SON*delux
Tire:*SCHWALBE*marathon
Crankset: *WHITE INDUSTRIES* VBC road
Brake&shift lever:*SHIMANO*
FD&RD:*SHIMANO*deore
Brake:*SHIMANO*
Handle: *NITTO*b352
Stem:*NITTO*UI-2
Seat post: *NITTO*s65
Saddle:*BROOKS*b17 imperial
Pannier:*SWIFT INDUSTRIES* mini short stack
light:*SON*edelux
Completed in 1922, this Beaux Arts-style hotel replaced the earlier Golden Eagle Hotel, later the Eagle Hotel, which had operated on the same site since 1822, and was located in a building constructed as a general store in 1794, which was heavily renovated in the Second Empire style in the 1870s. The hotel was constructed by The Bethlehem Hotel Corporation starting in 1921, utilizing funding from multiple investors whom were heavily involved with Bethlehem Steel, seeking to improve the city with a modern hotel to replace the antiquated Eagle Hotel. The 11-story building features a brown wire brick exterior, low-slope roofs with brick parapets, stone trim consisting of sills, keystones, cartouches, and decorative panels between windows on the top floor, a cornice with modillions, large multi-story arched windows on the first and second floors, a stone base, a metal canopy over the front entrance, and replacement windows. The interior of the hotel features a large lobby with massive arched windows, an old solarium, now a restaurant, with Moravian tile, and intact historic ballrooms with Classical detailing. The hotel suffered a major fire in 1989 that killed 4 people, and stood vacant through the late 1990s, before being heavily renovated and reopened as a hotel, which has remained a viable and popular enterprise. The hotel is a contributing structure in the Central Bethlehem Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and expanded to include additional buildings in 1988.
*SURLY* pugsley complete bike
BLUE LUG custom
SPEC
Frame: *SURLY* pugsley BLUE LUG CUSTOM PAINT by COOK PAINT WORKS
Headset: *CHRIS KING* gripnut 1-1/8"
Rims: *SURLY* large marge rim
Tire: *SURLY* nate tire (black)
Grip:*BROOKS* plump leather grip (brown)
Saddle:*BROOKS* B17
Seatpost:*PAUL* tall and handsome seatpost (polish)
Brake Lever:*KOOKA*
Crankset:*WHITE INDUSTRIES* eno single speed crank (silver)
Shifter:*SHIMANO* XTR
RD:*SHIMANO* XTR