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The new cable car installed in London Docklands rises from the base station to a height of 200ft on it's way to the North Greenwich Arena.mi had real trouble try to find the right angle for this shot, still not entirely happy but was unable to stand around to long with tight security due to the London 2012 Olympics.
Based off the V.I.N.E.S./S.M.I.L.E. Mech frames from Bennett Johnson.
I wanted to try those Mech frames out because they are so lovely. But of course I wanted to armor more as well. So I turned Rocka XL into a Exosuit.
巴基斯坦－Gilgit-Baltistan地区－喀喇昆仑中央国家公园－K2BC徒步－Urdukas－喀喇昆仑之晨光初照
Dawn light over snow covered peaks of Karakoram Range, with Baltoro glacier lies beneath, as seen from Urdukas on K2 Base Camp trekking route, located in CKNP (Central Karakoram National Park), Gilgit-Baltistan region, northern Pakistan.
© All rights reserved. You may not use this photo in website, blog or any other media without my explicit permission.
JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, Alaska (Oct. 2, 2019) - F-22 Raptors of the 3rd Wing taxi on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Oct. 2, 2019, while participating in the Polar Force 20-1 exercise. Polar Force 20-1 is designed to exercise multiple elements of the Agile Combat Employment (ACE) concept of operations, which include generating 5th Generation combat power from austere locations, command and control using non-traditional methods, and rapid airlift capabilities to sustain a forward operating location. The ACE concept enables 3rd Wing to deliver lethal Airpower for America, even in a contested environment. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher) 191002-F-LX370-0755
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Once the tower was opened, we were able to get right up to it and climb the stairs inside to the top. Photos available for purchase at Wits End Photography. Follow my blog Traveling at Wits End for ways to create travel adventures everyday.
Base B8301786
Camera 2 (X8111592)
Text 1: Grotto Plot
Battery Level: 100%
Pics on camera: 4
camera2/p_000421.jpg: PIR Trigger
Manhattan 2033
It's like yesterday the earthquake came and distroyed most of the city. It was like hell, death people everywhere. But there were survivors. At least, that how you could say it. We thought it was over when the earthquake stoped. But I am one of the few that know what happened that day. Yes, the earthquake was a disaster, but that's not the only thing that happened. When we got hit, a very dangerous gas came out of the ground. And it turned people into,.... ZOMBIES! So almost all the survivors turned into disgusting little zombies. Only a few are immune to it. I am, and so is my best friend. Be got ourselves a nice base, same for zombies, at least, what you can call save. Our mission is to survive, and survive we will.
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Ok, so the idea behind this one is basicaly the same as the previous one, but It does look a bit different. Some things I like more, others not. Please tell me if you like this one more or Consequenses of War.
Aslo this is an entry for the Zombie contest over at the LCN!
And thank you Julien for editing this one!
Previous Apoc moc
Consequenses of War:
www.flickr.com/photos/51675614@N05/6100227283/in/photostr...
Thanks, Daan.
Another shot courtesy of Flickr user m20wc51, taken in Korea in 1968-69 by Specialist Mueller. I don't quite know what we're seeing here, but other photos in the series seem to imply that five or six soldiers were brought by bus to this event, and Mueller thought it worth while to get shots of individual soldiers dismounting from the bus, followed by a group of shot of them lining up for whatever it was. One other shot appears to show them at tables enjoying a meal with the ladies. Note that the skin colour of the lady's legs is darker than her arms because she is probably wearing that new-fangled invention pantyhose. She also has a note-book and a pen, so she may be one of the organizers of this event, whatever it is.
The yellow plate on the bus tells us it is from Seoul area, and between the lights, two hanja (Chinese) characters and the hangeul characters to make an English word – 'beu-suh", that is, "bus."
Original shot can be found here for purposes of comparison. The shot was clean and only required minor detailing. Film stock unknown, but like a number of Mueller's shots, it fades down to emphasize the yellows and purples, with the blues tending to suffer.
During its sojourn at Bressingham, July 15th 1978
"The engine was completed at Crewe in May 1951 at a cost of £20,115 and entered service at Norwich Thorpe depot.
Whilst based at Norwich 70013 was a regular performer on the Broadsman, Norfolkman and East Anglian, the latter being a business train augmented in 1937 which was given a new timetable for the summer of 1951, although the journey times were only trimmed by five minutes. 70013 Oliver Cromwell was not without its problems in running, but this was no more than the average Britannia which were worked hard and gave good service and availability on the Great Eastern express passenger services.
During 1957, it was found that the drive wheels of 70013 had moved in relation to each other; this was caused by the square locking keys, which held the drive wheels in the correct position, being moved and pushed out (ie forced out) resulting in major work being undertaken at Doncaster Works. Towards the latter part of 1960, a substantial crack was noted within the mainframe and this, of course, required immediate remedial treatment, again by Doncaster Works. Only a relative short time later a problem occurred within one of the cylinders; on close inspection it was found that the inner lining had shifted and blocked off the oil supply causing a compression ring failure and consequent lack of power, however this defect occurred four times before actual replacement of the offending cylinder was actioned by Doncaster Works, a delay doubtless caused by austerity measures.
From 1958, diesel-electric locomotives began to replace steam locomotives and by 1961, the influx of new diesel locomotives had taken over many express duties in East Anglia which led to the Britannia class engines working many different trains away from their normal trips to Norwich. Consequently the class was reallocated away from Norwich Thorpe depot to March shed.
This locomotive hauled the last BR steam passenger train over Shap on 26th December 1967. The train carried returning Carlisle football supporters back from a match at Blackpool.
70013 was selected by British Railways to haul a number of special trains throughout 1968. In fact, it was in charge of 16 such trains before it was finally withdrawn from service.
Because of this it had been the last main line engine to receive a repair at Crewe, emerging from the Works on the 2nd February 1967 after a prolonged an expensive overhaul (The overhaul which started in November 1966 was deliberately slowed down to ensure that it was the last locomotive to leave Crewe Works). WD Austerity 2-8-0 90281 did return to Crewe Works on 23rd February to have a faulty regulator valve repaired but 70013 has returned twice to Crewe since being overhauled there. It is interesting to note that of the last fifteen locomotives outshopped from Crewe Works seven were 2-8-0 Austerities, four 4-6-0 Black Fives, two 4-6-2 Britanias (the other was 70014 Iron Duke) and two 2-10-0 standard locomotives. Of the fifteen only two have been preserved – 70013 and Standard 2-10-0 92203.
70013 returned to the works in June 1968 for a paint touch up. The second time it returned was in July 1968 to have its front buffer beam straightened after a rough shunt.
Following 70013’s overhaul at Crewe the locomotive was based at Crewe South depot for a week whilst it was run in on parcel train duties between Crewe and its home base of Carlisle. It then returned to its Carlisle Kingsmoor shed from where, following the withdrawal of the last of its class stablemates, it moved to Carnforth in January 1968.
Following this a grand total of 16 Railtours were organised including the infamous ’15 Guinea Special’ on the 11th August 1968, which involved Britannia 70013 ‘Oliver Cromwell’ hauling the train from Manchester to Carlisle, with other legs of the special’s itinerary shared by three ‘Black Fives’, 45110, 44871 and 44781.
It was withdrawn from service in August 1968 after hauling the Manchester to Carlisle leg of the Fifteen Guinea Special on 11th August. On the 12th August the engine moved under its own power from Carnforth to Norwich and then on to Diss the following day. After this it moved by road to the Bressingham Steam Museum.
Oliver Cromwell had been selected for preservation by the National Railway Museum as part of the National Collection but because of limited storage space an offer from Alan Bloom to house the locomotive at his Bressingham Steam Museum was accepted.
At Bressingham Steam Museum at Diss it provided footplate rides until the 1980s when it became a static exhibit. Following a very long dispute (about ten years) between Bressingham and the National Railway Museum the long term agreement to loan the engine to Bressingham was terminated and the locomotive left on 21st May 2004, travelling by road to York. It had spent nearly 36 years at Bressingham, compared with a main line working life of 17 years.
70013 was a star turn as a static exhibit at the very successful Railfest held at York before it was moved by road to Loughborough later that summer in line with the agreement concluded with the National Railway Museum that the locomotive should be restored to main line running standard by 2008 for the 40th anniversary of the end of steam.
The locomotive was overhauled at the Great Central Railway (GCR) to mainline standards which included the fitting of the train protection warning system, overhaul of 70013’s automatic warning system and the fitment of OTMR.
In early May 2008 it hauled its first revenue-earning passenger services since being restored on the GCR’s eight-mile route. The locomotive made an appearance at the National Railway Museum’s 1968 and All That event celebrating 40 years since the end of steam.
Its first mainline passenger charter since 1968 was on 10 August 2008 when the locomotive took part in a re-run of the Fifteen Guinea Special. It then went on to operate on the Scarborough Spa Express later in the month.
On 14 March 2009 Oliver Cromwell hauled a special on what was said to be the very last train (of any sort) to use the branch line down to Folkestone Harbour, where main line trains used to meet with cross channel ferries.
In March 2010 returned to Crewe for the first time since 1968 to work on the main line over Shap.
A month later, two years after its previous overhaul, Oliver Cromwell suffered from cracks in the firebox and was moved to the GCR for an inspection which lead to the locomotive being withdrawn from service.
During 2010, 70013 Oliver Cromwell underwent firebox repairs at Crewe Heritage Centre. The cab was removed before the rest of the locomotive was sent for repairs to the boiler. Following these repairs, in December 2010 the locomotive had a successful steam test at Crewe.
On 27 May 2012 the locomotive was involved in a blowback incident near Wood Green in North London on a Railway Touring Company railtour called ‘The Peak Forester’. Two of the three crew on board the locomotive had to attend hospital as a result. See Accidents and Incidents for full details.
In August 2013 70013 worked another Fifteen Guinea Special to celebrate the 45th Anniversary of the ending of steam on British Railways. 70013 was in charge of the Longsight to Carlisle leg of the special with the other legs being worked by LMS Black 5s numbers 45305, 45231 and 44932.
In early 2015 it was taken out of service as it needed repairs which were completed to allow 70013 to return to steam in August 2016.
Early in 2017 was out of service whilst its superheater elements were replaced at Loughborough. This is fifty years after its last overhaul under BR ownership at Crewe.
After returning to service on the Great Central Railway 70013 was back on the main line at the start of September 2017. It will be operational until March 2018 when the boiler certificate expires but was hoped that this would be extended.
In early 2018 agreement was reached between the National Railway Museum and the 5305 Locomotive Association which left the locomotive custodianship of 70013 with the Loughborough based group. The 5305 Locomotive Association will carry out another overhaul of the locomotive which will enable it to run on the main line again.
In March 2018, whilst hauling its last main line train before the boiler certificate expires, the locomotive suffered a hot big end. Having melted the whitemetal in the big end and adjoining coupling rod bearings took the train into Norwich at a reduced speed with the power being provided by a diesel on the rear.
The overhaul is scheduled to be undertaken during 2019 and will largely concentrate on the boiler as the bottom end has received considerable attention during the previous operating period.
In March 2018 the boiler inspector gave the boiler a clean bill of health during a cold examination. It was anticipated that this would be followed by a fully functional steam test later that month which would enable the boiler certificate to be extended by nine months. This would enable the locomotive to operate until the end of 2018 but only on heritage lines as it requires a full re-tubing before being allowed onto the national network.
The boiler certificate expired at the end of December 2018.
When the locomotive was taken out of service at the end of 2018 plans for its overhaul had not been agreed by the National Railway Museum although they did state that they planned that it continued to operate on the main line.
In January 2019 the National Railway Museum disclosed that the forty year agreement with the 5305 Locomotive Association would not be extended although the locomotive is likely to remain based on the Great Central Railway at Loughborough.
In March 2019 it was reported that the continued operation of the locomotive was in an agreement that was close to being completed by the National Railway Museum with the Great Central Railway. The National Railway Museum also emphasised that they wanted the locomotive to run on the main line.
Also in March 2019 work began at Loughborough to strip the locomotive down although at this stage the National Railway Museum were said to be unaware that work had started on the overhaul.
The overhaul will include a boiler overhaul which will involve a re-tubing in order to recertify the locomotive for preservation and main line running.
In July 2019 it was announced that an agreement had been concluded between the National Railway Museum and the Great Central Railway (GCR). The agreement provided for the locomotive to be based at the GCR until the end of 2021. Under the terms of the agreement the GCR will submit plans to overhaul the locomotive. Once the overhaul has been completed a second loan agreement will be confirmed to cover the operation of the locomotive.
By December 2019 the frames were placed back onto its wheels – just five months after being lifted off.
In November 2021 it was reported that the boiler had been sent to Tyseley for Overhaul in the previous month."
source: preservedbritishsteamlocomotives.com/70013-oliver-cromwell/
The port of Bremerhaven is the sixteenth-largest container port in the world and the fourth-largest in Europe with 4.9 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of cargo handled in 2007 and 5,5 million in 2015. The container terminal is situated on the bank of the river Weser opening to the North Sea. In the wet dock parts, accessible by two large locks, more than 2 million cars are imported or exported every year with 2,3 million in 2014. Bremerhaven imports and exports more cars than any other city in Europe. Another million tons of "High-and-Heavy" goods are handled with ro-ro ships. In 2011 a new panamax-sized lock has replaced the 1897 Kaiserschleuse, then the largest lock worldwide. [Wikipedia
From thedailylumenbox.blog LomoChrome Turquoise shot at ISO 100 with Leica Ic and Voigtlander 15mm, Heliar Super Wide. Developed by The Darkroom in San Clemente, CA
Completely closed, from a simple bird base. Easy to fold, but quite tricky to close and shape!
Creation : February 2017.
The Transamerica Pyramid rises here with a clarity that still feels quietly radical. Seen from the street, its geometry does the work: a disciplined taper, a relentless grid of windows, and a structural logic that reads cleanly even at full height. This view anchors the building where it meets the city—trees, pavement, and the human-scaled threshold—before letting the eye climb, uninterrupted, toward the pale San Francisco sky.
Designed to be read as much as experienced, the Pyramid rewards this straight-on, ground-up vantage. The repeating window bays become a measured rhythm rather than texture, emphasizing proportion over ornament. The flared base—often overlooked—reveals its role as a mediator between monument and neighborhood, opening space at street level while supporting the tower’s unmistakable silhouette above.
What’s striking today is how contemporary the building still feels. Against softer glass towers nearby, the Pyramid’s concrete discipline and precise geometry assert a different kind of confidence—less about spectacle, more about intent. The softened light here brings out subtle tonal shifts in the façade, while the trees frame the structure without competing with it, reinforcing a sense of calm rather than scale alone.
In a city defined by constant reinvention, the Transamerica Pyramid remains a fixed point of orientation—geographic, architectural, and emotional. It doesn’t ask for attention. It earns it, simply by standing exactly where it is, doing exactly what it was designed to do.
Goolwa.
The Currency Creek Special Survey was taken out in 1839 by the Currency Creek Association based in England. Locally it was their agent Robert Wright who paid for it on behalf of about 30 men. The Currency Creek Association laid out a major town which they hoped would become the New Orleans of the South. It was after all on a good river, near a great lake and near the mouth of the might Murray River system just like the location of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi in the USA. They named it after the local river- Currency Creek. They also laid out a much smaller port for the town which they called Goolwa. Currency Creek town covered 8 acres, Goolwa 2 acres. History would show they made the wrong decision as Goolwa prospered and Currency Creek withered! One of the early explorers of this region Young Hutchinson (who explored with Thomas Strangways) liked the area so much that he became a major landowner in Goolwa in 1856. Another explorer William Younghusband gave his name to the peninsula near the Murray Mouth. Although the town of Goolwa was laid out in 1840 sales were minimal until the Governor committed the state to developing Goolwa as a river port and Port Elliot as a coastal port for future riverboat trade up the Murray with a horse railway to connect the two. Work began on this £20,000 project in 1851. (An alternate plan to build a canal between the two at an estimated cost of £28,000 was not pursued by the government.) Apart from the Currency Creek Special Survey of 1839 the government also surveyed land along the proposed rail route to Port Elliot in 1849 making land available to buyers. The first land purchases in this region were made in 1849 at Middleton. But Governor Young’s dream of river trade up the Murray and a railway to Port Elliot were not generally popular. A newspaperman wrote in the SA Gazette and Mining Journal in 1851 “There is great difficulty in characterising Sir Henry Young's job "in terms polite". The Goolwa Railway, in the nostrils of the colonists, is odorous of assafoetida, and there are in their mouths, in common use, epithets reflecting upon his Excellency far more offensive than have ever yet appeared in print... Where are the produce, the population, the traffic of the Murray crowding the banks, and suffering for want of an outlet to a market? Why, a single bullock dray once a month will suffice to bring to Adelaide all its exportable produce for the next five years...”
At Goolwa work proceeded and the government invested in the new port town with the construction of the Railway Superintendent’s house in 1852(first occupied in 1854) and the Goolwa wharf in 1852. But the town laid out by the Currency Creek Special Survey in 1840 was still almost non-existent. Its English names like Fenchurch Street and Liverpool Street are now located in North Goolwa. The government surveyed a government town in 1853 next to the Currency Creek Survey town. The first commercial building in the new government town was the Goolwa Hotel (oldest single storey part) built in 1853 and the two storey section was added in 1865. In 1853 the Governor announced a prize of several thousand pounds for the first river boat to prove the Murray was navigable from Goolwa to Wentworth on the Darling River. The Governor and his wife and party journeyed with Captain Cadell. Meantime Captain Randell of Mannum also set off about the same time and the two boats raced to Wentworth. The friend of the Governor - Cadell picked up the prize money and Randell received nothing. But this river boat expedition was so important as it indicated a prosperous future and thus Goolwa began to emerge as a small town with the main street named Cadell after the famous riverboat captain. Next to the government town “Little Scotland” was subdivided into town blocks in 1854. Sales of more town blocks continued in 1855 followed by more in 1856 and some of the first buildings included the bow fronted general store in the Main Street near the old horse tram museum (around 1860), the first Post office 1857(now the Visitor Information Centre), the Police station and Courthouse 1859, the Customs House 1859, the former Australasian Hotel 1857(closed 1934) and the Corio Hotel also 1857 were erected in the fledgling town. Land speculators could see a future for Goolwa and they also began to purchase blocks of land. The first residential stone cottages were erected around 1857 although Highlands House, just a small cottage, was erected in Goolwa in 1853. Goolwa prospered in the 1860s and 1870s when significant development occurred.
One of the finest private buildings of this period from 1860 to 1880 was what is now known as Rose Eden House. This grand two storey Italianate house was built in 1876 with some wrought iron lacework and an upper veranda. It was built for the town school headmaster Mr Phillip Hill who must have run a private school in the town as well as the government school, of which he was headmaster. The government school did not open until 1879. But Mr Hill was a headmaster from 1873 of the town school which became the state school after the passing of the 1785 Education Act. It is claimed that he accommodated school boarders in this large house so that they could attend the Goolwa government school from 1879. Hill left the town of Goolwa in 1884 and the property was sold by him in 1886 when it was known as Hygiene House. It changes hands several times before it was purchased by the SA government in 1913 as a residence for the headmaster of Goolwa Primary School. It served that purpose until sold by the Education Department in 1973. In 2005 it was restored and re-opened as luxury bed and breakfast accommodation with the new name of Rose Eden House. Other fine structures of this 1860 to 1890 era are:
•Thomas Goode’s General Store next to the Goolwa Hotel was built in 1860 and then rebuilt in classical style in 1884. Thomas Goode was the first Post Master of Goolwa in 1857.
•the former Bank of South Australia (1872).
•the Holy Evangelist Anglican church was built in 1867, with the tower added in 1905. But the church was surrounded in controversy as the Governor gave a free land grant in 1855 for the church to be erected.
•the town morgue behind the Courthouse 1883.
•the first part of the Institute opened in 1878. That was the rear part of the current building in a very different style. The Town Hall (now the Alexandrina Council Chamber/Library) was added to the Institute in 1907 facing onto Cadell Street. It was later doubled in size when a matching room was added to the 1907 one.
•the superb Gothic state school built in 1879. The first town school began in Goolwa in 1855.
• the figurehead from the wreck of the Mozambique on the roof line of the Goolwa Hotel. The 403 ton barque Mozambique was built in 1832. It was wrecked off the Coorong in 1854 on a voyage from London to Melbourne. The 22 crew and 24 passengers were all saved but one died from the experience.
•the magnificent ceiling paintings in the Corio Hotel dining room (The Great Yankee Doodle Tobacco mural).
•the original railway station(1872) now an opportunity shop is beside public toilet block near the town rotunda. The railway station was moved to the Goolwa wharf after 1884 when steam trains started operating through to Adelaide. The old yards converted to a park, now the Soldiers’ Memorial Park as the rail yards moved to the Goolwa wharf where it is still located.
•Highlands House in Goyder Street built in 1853. It is probably the oldest residence in Goolwa still in use.
The early churches of Goolwa apart from the Anglican Church include the Congregational Church built in 1859 which is now a dental practice office but it was also used as a Catholic Church from 1896 to 1961. The Wesleyan Methodist Church was built in 1861 with transepts added in 1881 and the Goolwa Church of Christ was built in 1905. The Anglican Church was surrounded in some controversy as without any real authority Governor MacDonnell donated a town block to the Anglican Church in 1855. This was against state policy as it was favouring the Anglican Church as an established church. But the Premier of the day Boyle Finniss put some political spin on it and said the Governor had the right give away one of the government reserves in Goolwa. The local Congregational Minister Reverend Newland of Encounter Bay disputed this and rightly objected but to no avail. The newspapers were flooded with letters of objection.
The fine stone Goolwa flourmill was totally demolished in the 1920s. Edward Dutton had a brewery at Goolwa for some years from 1864 to 1879. Shipbuilding as in river boats and repairs was a major industry in Goolwa but few of these structures remain as they were usually iron and timber and relatively temporary. One of the main companies repairing and building boats was the Goolwa Foundry and Iron Works and Abraham Graham’s Patent Slip and Iron Works established in 1864. Abraham Graham owned Graham’s Castle etc. Ten river barges or steamers were made at Goolwa between 1853 and 1859. Many more followed. Among the many paddle steamers built in Goolwa were the PS Industry (number two) in 1911, the government owned vessel named Prince Alfred (1867), the Canberra - a diesel paddle steamer built late in 1912 and well known paddle steamers such as the Eureka, the Goolwa, the Avoca, the Darling, the Wentworth, the Queen, the Miriam, the Express, the Princess Royal, the Cadell, the Victor, the Kookaburra, the Renmark, etc. Around 60 paddle steamers and barges were constructed in Goolwa with the last completed in 1912. Once the river boat traffic declined Goolwa was left with little industry or employment but this changed in the 1930s when the construction of the Murray River Mouth barrages began. Physical work started in 1935 but preliminary work had started earlier. The five barrages were completed in 1940. They were designed to maintain the river levels between Goolwa and Lock One at Blanchetown and to keep the salt water from the Southern Ocean and the Coorong out of the Murray River channels to Lake Alexandrina. Basically the barrages keep lakes Alexandrina and Albert free of salt so that the water is usable by cattle and stock. The five barrages total 7.6 kms.
Graham’s Castle/Nelcoongal.
Abraham Graham arrived at Port Adelaide in 1853 and then spent a couple of years at the Victorian goldfields looking for a fortune. He returned to South Australia and decided to make money from the gold diggers of Victoria who wanted to buy goods carried by steamer up the Murray River. So he looked at opportunities in Goolwa from where river steamers plied the waters of the Murray River up to Echuca. From there goods were transported overland to the goldfields of Mt Alexander and Bendigo. In 1858 Abraham Graham was appointed as Manager of the River Murray Navigation Company offices in Goolwa. After his arrival in Goolwa he purchased 31 acres of land and in 1863 he built a classical style house called Nelcoongal which the locals referred to as Graham’s Castle. It was on Goolwa Hill and built into the hill and from the flat roof Abraham Graham could watch the shipping along the coast or in the port of Goolwa. The walls of the house were two feet thick and composed of Goolwa limestone. He stayed in Nelcoongal for only a few years before he built Mill Cottage in the centre of Goolwa. Later in 1885 Abraham Graham built a grander house on the Port Elliot Road which he called Burrang and Graham’s Castle was sold. Apart from managing the offices of the Murry River Navigation Company Graham established the Graham’s Iron Works and (boat) Slip in 1864. This company built paddle steamers, barges engines and boilers for the river craft. Graham closed that business in 1886 after he had built Burrang and after the new railway line between Mt Barker Junction and Goolwa had opened thus impacting upon the Murray River traffic and business. In its heyday the Goolwa Works had employed 30 to 40 men. Only the old Chart Room remains of what was once an extensive barge and steamer building foundry and slip. The last of the major machinery and engines were sold to the Chaffey Brothers irrigation scheme at Renmark in 1888. Abraham Graham died at Burrang in 1903 and was buried in the Currency Creek/Goolwa cemetery.
Grahams Castle had numerous owners after the 1890s and gradually fell into disrepair. In 1962 it was purchased by the WEA of Adelaide as a residential centre for adult education courses. But first hundreds of volunteer hours by WEA students and tutors and a small government grant saw Graham’s Castle restored and refurnished. The WEA President of the day Dorothy Pash attended local clearing sales and furnished Graham’s Castle with antiques which at that time were almost worthless and generally unwanted. The refurbished Graham’s Castle was officially opened for the WEA by the Attorney General Don Dunstan in 1967. Although students loved the courses at Graham’s Castle they seldom covered costs and in 1973 the WEA was forced to sell the property which the National Fitness Council purchased. They in turn sold the property a few years later to the government for use by the Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport. Today Graham’s Castle has lost all of its surrounding lands and it is just another Goolwa residential property.
A C-130J Super Hercules prepares to drop a container deployment system during a flying training deployment July 16, 2013, in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. FTD Thracian Summer is an opportunity for American and Bulgarian forces to train together and learn how each other perform their mission. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Trevor Rhynes)
This image is loosely based on an EFE model of an AEC Mammoth Major Mk II. As it has a later cab, I’ve captioned it as a Mk III, although the distinction is not that clear-cut, with many MkIIs being re-cabbed to extend their working lives. I presume that the black (rather than blue) mudguards and Blue Circle Group (rather than Blue Circle Cement) lettering were correct for EFE’s model 16-Jun-23).
All rights reserved. Not to be posted on Facebook or anywhere else without my prior written permission. Please follow the link below for additional information about my Flickr images:
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Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod
Cape Cod
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This article is about the area of Massachusetts. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Cod (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 41°41′20″N 70°17′49″W / 41.68889°N 70.29694°W / 41.68889; -70.29694
Map of Massachusetts, with Cape Cod (Barnstable County) indicated in red
Dunes on Sandy Neck are part of the Cape's barrier beach which helps to prevent erosion
Cape Cod, often referred to locally as simply the Cape, is an island and a cape in the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. It is coextensive with Barnstable County. Several small islands right off Cape Cod, including Monomoy Island, Monomoscoy Island, Popponesset Island, and Seconsett Island, are also in Barnstable County, being part of municipalities with land on the Cape. The Cape's small-town character and large beachfront attract heavy tourism during the summer months.
Cape Cod was formed as the terminal moraine of a glacier, resulting in a peninsula in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1914, the Cape Cod Canal was cut through the base or isthmus of the peninsula, forming an island. The Cape Cod Commission refers to the resultant landmass as an island; as does the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in regards to disaster preparedness.[1] It is still identified as a peninsula by geographers, who do not change landform designations based on man-made canal construction.[citation needed]
Unofficially, it is one of the biggest barrier islands in the world, shielding much of the Massachusetts coastline from North Atlantic storm waves. This protection helps to erode the Cape shoreline at the expense of cliffs, while protecting towns from Fairhaven to Marshfield.
Road vehicles from the mainland cross over the Cape Cod Canal via the Sagamore Bridge and the Bourne Bridge. The two bridges are parallel, with the Bourne Bridge located slightly farther southwest. In addition, the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge carries railway freight as well as tourist passenger services.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Geography and political divisions
o 1.1 "Upper" and "Lower"
* 2 Geology
* 3 Climate
* 4 Native population
* 5 History
* 6 Lighthouses of Cape Cod
* 7 Transportation
o 7.1 Bus
o 7.2 Rail
o 7.3 Taxi
* 8 Tourism
* 9 Sport fishing
* 10 Sports
* 11 Education
* 12 Islands off Cape Cod
* 13 See also
* 14 References
o 14.1 Notes
o 14.2 Sources
o 14.3 Further reading
* 15 External links
[edit] Geography and political divisions
Towns of Barnstable County
historical map of 1890
The highest elevation on Cape Cod is 306 feet (93 m), at the top of Pine Hill, in the Bourne portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The lowest point is sea level.
The body of water located between Cape Cod and the mainland, bordered to the north by Massachusetts Bay, is Cape Cod Bay; west of Cape Cod is Buzzards Bay. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; it shortened the trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles.[2] To the south of Cape Cod lie Nantucket Sound; Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, both large islands, and the mostly privately owned Elizabeth Islands.
Cape Cod incorporates all of Barnstable County, which comprises 15 towns: Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee, Barnstable, Yarmouth, Dennis, Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. Two of the county's fifteen towns (Bourne and Sandwich) include land on the mainland side of the Cape Cod Canal. The towns of Plymouth and Wareham, in adjacent Plymouth County, are sometimes considered to be part of Cape Cod but are not located on the island.
In the 17th century the designation Cape Cod applied only to the tip of the peninsula, essentially present-day Provincetown. Over the ensuing decades, the name came to mean all the land east of the Manomet and Scussett rivers - essentially the line of the 20th century Cape Cod Canal. Now, the complete towns of Bourne and Sandwich are widely considered to incorporate the full perimeter of Cape Cod, even though small parts of these towns are located on the west side of the canal. The canal divides the largest part of the peninsula from the mainland and the resultant landmass is sometimes referred to as an island.[3][4] Additionally some "Cape Codders" – residents of "The Cape" – refer to all land on the mainland side of the canal as "off-Cape."
For most of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, Cape Cod was considered to consist of three sections:
* The Upper Cape is the part of Cape Cod closest to the mainland, comprising the towns of Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee. Falmouth is the home of the famous Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and several other research organizations, and is also the most-used ferry connection to Martha's Vineyard. Falmouth is composed of several separate villages, including East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, Hatchville, North Falmouth, Teaticket, Waquoit, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Davisville, Falmouth Heights, Quissett, Sippewissett, and others).[5]
* The Mid-Cape includes the towns of Barnstable, Yarmouth and Dennis. The Mid-Cape area features many beautiful beaches, including warm-water beaches along Nantucket Sound, e.g., Kalmus Beach in Hyannis, which gets its name from one of the inventors of Technicolor, Herbert Kalmus. This popular windsurfing destination was bequeathed to the town of Barnstable by Dr. Kalmus on condition that it not be developed, possibly one of the first instances of open-space preservation in the US. The Mid-Cape is also the commercial and industrial center of the region. There are seven villages in Barnstable, including Barnstable Village, Centerville, Cotuit, Hyannis, Marstons Mills, Osterville, and West Barnstable, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Craigville, Cummaquid, Hyannisport, Santuit, Wianno, and others).[6] There are three villages in Yarmouth: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth and Yarmouthport. There are five villages in Dennis including, Dennis Village(North Dennis), East Dennis, West Dennis, South Dennis and Dennisport.[7]
* The Lower Cape traditionally included all of the rest of the Cape,or the towns of Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. This area includes the Cape Cod National Seashore, a national park comprising much of the outer Cape, including the entire east-facing coast, and is home to some of the most popular beaches in America, such as Coast Guard Beach and Nauset Light Beach in Eastham. Stephen Leatherman, aka "Dr. Beach", named Coast Guard Beach the 5th best beach in America for 2007.[8]
[edit] "Upper" and "Lower"
The terms "Upper" and "Lower" as applied to the Cape have nothing to do with north and south. Instead, they derive from maritime convention at the time when the principal means of transportation involved watercraft, and the prevailing westerly winds meant that a boat with sails traveling northeast in Cape Cod Bay would have the wind at its back and thus be going downwind, while a craft sailing southwest would be going against the wind, or upwind.[9] Similarly, on nearby Martha's Vineyard, "Up Island" still is the western section and "Down Island" is to the east, and in Maine, "Down East" is similarly defined by the winds and currents.
Over time, the reasons for the traditional nomenclature became unfamiliar and their meaning obscure. Late in the 1900s, new arrivals began calling towns from Eastham to Provincetown the "Outer Cape", yet another geographic descriptor which is still in use, as is the "Inner Cape."
[edit] Geology
Cape Cod and Cape Cod Bay from space.[10]
East of America, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. Worn by the breakers and the rains, and disintegrated by the wind, it still stands bold.
“
”
Henry Beston, The Outermost House
Cape Cod forms a continuous archipelagic region with a thin line of islands stretching toward New York, historically known by naturalists as the Outer Lands. This continuity is due to the fact that the islands and Cape are all terminal glacial moraines laid down some 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Most of Cape Cod's geological history involves the advance and retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet in the late Pleistocene geological era and the subsequent changes in sea level. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, researchers have determined that around 23,000 years ago, the ice sheet reached its maximum southward advance over North America, and then started to retreat. Many "kettle ponds" — clear, cold lakes — were formed and remain on Cape Cod as a result of the receding glacier. By about 18,000 years ago, the ice sheet had retreated past Cape Cod. By roughly 15,000 years ago, it had retreated past southern New England. When so much of Earth's water was locked up in massive ice sheets, the sea level was lower. Truro's bayside beaches used to be a petrified forest, before it became a beach.
As the ice began to melt, the sea began to rise. Initially, sea level rose quickly, about 15 meters (50 ft) per 1,000 years, but then the rate declined. On Cape Cod, sea level rose roughly 3 meters (11 ft) per millennium between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. After that, it continued to rise at about 1 meter (3 ft) per millennium. By 6,000 years ago, the sea level was high enough to start eroding the glacial deposits that the vanished continental ice sheet had left on Cape Cod. The water transported the eroded deposits north and south along the outer Cape's shoreline. Those reworked sediments that moved north went to the tip of Cape Cod.
Provincetown Spit, at the northern end of the Cape, consists largely of marine deposits, transported from farther up the shore. Sediments that moved south created the islands and shoals of Monomoy. So while other parts of the Cape have dwindled from the action of the waves, these parts of the Cape have grown.
Cape Cod National Seashore
This process continues today. Due to their position jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean, the Cape and islands are subject to massive coastal erosion. Geologists say that, due to erosion, the Cape will be completely submerged by the sea in thousands of years.[11] This erosion causes the washout of beaches and the destruction of the barrier islands; for example, the ocean broke through the barrier island at Chatham during Hurricane Bob in 1991, allowing waves and storm surges to hit the coast with no obstruction. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches is being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by waters running through them.
[edit] Climate
Although Cape Cod's weather[12] is typically more moderate than inland locations, there have been occasions where Cape Cod has dealt with the brunt of extreme weather situations (such as the Blizzard of 1954 and Hurricane of 1938). Because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures are typically a few degrees cooler in the summer and a few degrees warmer in the winter. A common misconception is that the climate is influenced largely by the warm Gulf Stream current, however that current turns eastward off the coast of Virginia and the waters off the Cape are more influenced by the cold Canadian Labrador Current. As a result, the ocean temperature rarely gets above 65 °F (18 °C), except along the shallow west coast of the Upper Cape.
The Cape's climate is also notorious for a delayed spring season, being surrounded by an ocean which is still cold from the winter; however, it is also known for an exceptionally mild fall season (Indian summer), thanks to the ocean remaining warm from the summer. The highest temperature ever recorded on Cape Cod was 104 °F (40 °C) in Provincetown[13], and the lowest temperature ever was −12 °F (−24.4 °C) in Barnstable.[14]
The water surrounding Cape Cod moderates winter temperatures enough to extend the USDA hardiness zone 7a to its northernmost limit in eastern North America.[15] Even though zone 7a (annual low = 0–5 degrees Fahrenheit) signifies no sub-zero temperatures annually, there have been several instances of temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero across the Cape (although it is rare, usually 1–5 times a year, typically depending on locale, sometimes not at all). Consequently, many plant species typically found in more southerly latitudes grow there, including Camellias, Ilex opaca, Magnolia grandiflora and Albizia julibrissin.
Precipitation on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is the lowest in the New England region, averaging slightly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year (most parts of New England average 42–46 inches). This is due to storm systems which move across western areas, building up in mountainous regions, and dissipating before reaching the coast where the land has leveled out. The region does not experience a greater number of sunny days however, as the number of cloudy days is the same as inland locales, in addition to increased fog. Snowfall is annual, but a lot less common than the rest of Massachusetts. On average, 30 inches of snow, which is a foot less than Boston, falls in an average winter. Snow is usually light, and comes in squalls on cold days. Storms that bring blizzard conditions and snow emergencies to the mainland, bring devastating ice storms or just heavy rains more frequently than large snow storms.
[hide]Climate data for Cape Cod
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.06
(35.7) 2.5
(36.5) 6.22
(43.2) 11.72
(53.1) 16.94
(62.5) 23.5
(74.3) 26.39
(79.5) 26.67
(80.0) 25.06
(77.1) 18.39
(65.1) 12.56
(54.6) 5.44
(41.8) 26.67
(80.0)
Average low °C (°F) -5.33
(22.4) -5
(23.0) -1.33
(29.6) 2.72
(36.9) 8.72
(47.7) 14.61
(58.3) 19.22
(66.6) 20.28
(68.5) 15.56
(60.0) 9.94
(49.9) 3.94
(39.1) -2.22
(28.0) -5.33
(22.4)
Precipitation mm (inches) 98
(3.86) 75.4
(2.97) 95
(3.74) 92.5
(3.64) 83.6
(3.29) 76.7
(3.02) 62.2
(2.45) 65
(2.56) 74.7
(2.94) 84.8
(3.34) 90.7
(3.57) 92.7
(3.65) 990.9
(39.01)
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (United Nations) [16]
[edit] Native population
Cape Cod has been the home of the Wampanoag tribe of Native American people for many centuries. They survived off the sea and were accomplished farmers. They understood the principles of sustainable forest management, and were known to light controlled fires to keep the underbrush in check. They helped the Pilgrims, who arrived in the fall of 1620, survive at their new Plymouth Colony. At the time, the dominant group was the Kakopee, known for their abilities at fishing. They were the first Native Americans to use large casting nets. Early colonial settlers recorded that the Kakopee numbered nearly 7,000.
Shortly after the Pilgrims arrived, the chief of the Kakopee, Mogauhok, attempted to make a treaty limiting colonial settlements. The effort failed after he succumbed to smallpox in 1625. Infectious diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza caused the deaths of many other Kakopee and Wampanoag. They had no natural immunity to Eurasian diseases by then endemic among the English and other Europeans. Today, the only reminder of the Kakopee is a small public recreation area in Barnstable named for them. A historic marker notes the burial site of Mogauhok near Truro, although the location is conjecture.
While contractors were digging test wells in the eastern Massachusetts Military Reservation area, they discovered an archeological find.[citation needed] Excavation revealed the remains of a Kakopee village in Forestdale, a location in Sandwich. Researchers found a totem with a painted image of Mogauhok, portrayed in his chief's cape and brooch. The totem was discovered on property on Grand Oak Road. It is the first evidence other than colonial accounts of his role as an important Kakopee leader.
The Indians lost their lands through continued purchase and expropriation by the English colonists. The documentary Natives of the Narrowland (1993), narrated by actress Julie Harris, shows the history of the Wampanoag people through Cape Cod archaeological sites.
In 1974, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was formed to articulate the concerns of those with Native American ancestry. They petitioned the federal government in 1975 and again in 1990 for official recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag as a tribe. In May 2007, the Wampanoag tribe was finally federally recognized as a tribe.[17]
[edit] History
Cranberry picking in 1906
Cape Cod was a landmark for early explorers. It may have been the "Promontory of Vinland" mentioned by the Norse voyagers (985-1025). Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 approached it from the south. He named Martha's Vineyard Claudia, after the mother of the King of France.[18] The next year the explorer Esteban Gómez called it Cape St. James.
In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold named it Cape Cod, the surviving term and the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.[19] Samuel de Champlain charted its sand-silted harbors in 1606 and Henry Hudson landed there in 1609. Captain John Smith noted it on his map of 1614 and at last the Pilgrims entered the "Cape Harbor" and – contrary to the popular myth of Plymouth Rock – made their first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620. Nearby, in what is now Eastham, they had their first encounter with Native Americans.
Cape Cod was among the first places settled by the English in North America. Aside from Barnstable (1639), Sandwich (1637) and Yarmouth (1639), the Cape's fifteen towns developed slowly. The final town to be established on the Cape was Bourne in 1884.[20] Provincetown was a group of huts until the 18th century. A channel from Massachusetts Bay to Buzzards Bay is shown on Southack's map of 1717. The present Cape Cod Canal was slowly developed from 1870 to 1914. The Federal government purchased it in 1928.
Thanks to early colonial settlement and intensive land use, by the time Henry Thoreau saw Cape Cod during his four visits over 1849 to 1857[21], its vegetation was depauperate and trees were scarce. As the settlers heated by fires, and it took 10 to 20 cords (40 to 80 m³) of wood to heat a home, they cleared most of Cape Cod of timber early on. They planted familiar crops, but these were unsuited to Cape Cod's thin, glacially derived soils. For instance, much of Eastham was planted to wheat. The settlers practiced burning of woodlands to release nutrients into the soil. Improper and intensive farming led to erosion and the loss of topsoil. Farmers grazed their cattle on the grassy dunes of coastal Massachusetts, only to watch "in horror as the denuded sands `walked' over richer lands, burying cultivated fields and fences." Dunes on the outer Cape became more common and many harbors filled in with eroded soils.[22]
By 1800, most of Cape Cod's firewood had to be transported by boat from Maine. The paucity of vegetation was worsened by the raising of merino sheep that reached its peak in New England around 1840. The early industrial revolution, which occurred through much of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, mostly bypassed Cape Cod due to a lack of significant water power in the area. As a result, and also because of its geographic position, the Cape developed as a large fishing and whaling center. After 1860 and the opening of the American West, farmers abandoned agriculture on the Cape. By 1950 forests had recovered to an extent not seen since the 18th century.
Cape Cod became a summer haven for city dwellers beginning at the end of the 19th century. Improved rail transportation made the towns of the Upper Cape, such as Bourne and Falmouth, accessible to Bostonians. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Northeastern mercantile elite built many large, shingled "cottages" along Buzzards Bay. The relaxed summer environment offered by Cape Cod was highlighted by writers including Joseph C. Lincoln, who published novels and countless short stories about Cape Cod folks in popular magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post and the Delineator.
Guglielmo Marconi made the first transatlantic wireless transmission originating in the United States from Cape Cod, at Wellfleet. The beach from which he transmitted has since been called Marconi Beach. In 1914 he opened the maritime wireless station WCC in Chatham. It supported the communications of Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, Admiral Byrd, and the Hindenburg. Marconi chose Chatham due to its vantage point on the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on three sides by water. Walter Cronkite narrated a 17-minute documentary in 2005 about the history of the Chatham Station.
Much of the East-facing Atlantic seacoast of Cape Cod consists of wide, sandy beaches. In 1961, a significant portion of this coastline, already slated for housing subdivisions, was made a part of the Cape Cod National Seashore by President John F. Kennedy. It was protected from private development and preserved for public use. Large portions are open to the public, including the Marconi Site in Wellfleet. This is a park encompassing the site of the first two-way transoceanic radio transmission from the United States. (Theodore Roosevelt used Marconi's equipment for this transmission).
The Kennedy Compound in Hyannisport was President Kennedy's summer White House during his presidency. The Kennedy family continues to maintain residences on the compound. Other notable residents of Cape Cod have included actress Julie Harris, US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis, figure skater Todd Eldredge, and novelists Norman Mailer and Kurt Vonnegut. Influential natives included the patriot James Otis, historian and writer Mercy Otis Warren, jurist Lemuel Shaw, and naval officer John Percival.
[edit] Lighthouses of Cape Cod
Race Point Lighthouse in Provincetown (1876)
Lighthouses, from ancient times, have fascinated members of the human race. There is something about a lighted beacon that suggests hope and trust and appeals to the better instincts of mankind.
“
”
Edward Rowe Snow
Due to its dangerous constantly moving shoals, Cape Cod's shores have featured beacons which warn ships of the danger since very early in its history. There are numerous working lighthouses on Cape Cod and the Islands, including Highland Light, Nauset Light, Chatham Light, Race Point Light, and Nobska Light, mostly operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The exception is Nauset Light, which was decommissioned in 1996 and is now maintained by the Nauset Light Preservation Society under the auspices of Cape Cod National Seashore. These lighthouses are frequently photographed symbols of Cape Cod.
Others include:
Upper Cape: Wings Neck
Mid Cape: Sandy Neck, South Hyannis, Lewis Bay, Bishop and Clerks, Bass River
Lower Cape: Wood End, Long Point, Monomoy, Stage Harbor, Pamet, Mayo Beach, Billingsgate, Three Sisters, Nauset, Highland
[edit] Transportation
Cape Cod is connected to the mainland by a pair of canal-spanning highway bridges from Bourne and Sagamore that were constructed in the 1930s, and a vertical-lift railroad bridge. The limited number of access points to the peninsula can result in large traffic backups during the tourist season.
The entire Cape is roughly bisected lengthwise by U.S. Route 6, locally known as the Mid-Cape Highway and officially as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Commercial air service to Cape Cod operates out of Barnstable Municipal Airport and Provincetown Municipal Airport. Several bus lines service the Cape. There are ferry connections from Boston to Provincetown, as well as from Hyannis and Woods Hole to the islands.
Cape Cod has a public transportation network comprising buses operated by three different companies, a rail line, taxis and paratransit services.
The Bourne Bridge over the Cape Cod Canal, with the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge in the background
[edit] Bus
Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority operates a year-round public bus system comprising three long distance routes and a local bus in Hyannis and Barnstable Village. From mid June until October, additional local routes are added in Falmouth and Provincetown. CCRTA also operates Barnstable County's ADA required paratransit (dial-a-ride) service, under the name "B-Bus."
Long distance bus service is available through Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway, with regular service to Boston and Logan Airport, as well as less frequent service to Provincetown. Peter Pan Bus Lines also runs long distance service to Providence T.F. Green Airport and New York City.
[edit] Rail
Regular passenger rail service through Cape Cod ended in 1959, quite possibly on June 30 of that year. In 1978, the tracks east of South Dennis were abandoned and replaced with the very popular bicycle path, known as the Cape Cod Rail Trail. Another bike path, the Shining Sea Bikeway, was built over tracks between Woods Hole and Falmouth in 1975; construction to extend this path to North Falmouth over 6.3 miles (10.1 km) of inactive rail bed began in April 2008[23] and ended in early 2009. Active freight service remains in the Upper Cape area in Sandwich and in Bourne, largely due to a trash transfer station located at Massachusetts Military Reservation along the Bourne-Falmouth rail line. In 1986, Amtrak ran a seasonal service in the summer from New York City to Hyannis called the Cape Codder. From 1988, Amtrak and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation increased service to a daily frequency.[24] Since its demise in 1996, there have been periodic discussions about reinstating passenger rail service from Boston to reduce car traffic to and from the Cape, with officials in Bourne seeking to re-extend MBTA Commuter Rail service from Middleboro to Buzzards Bay[25], despite a reluctant Beacon Hill legislature.
Cape Cod Central Railroad operates passenger train service on Cape Cod. The service is primarily tourist oriented and includes a dinner train. The scenic route between Downtown Hyannis and the Cape Cod Canal is about 2½ hours round trip. Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is also planning to return passenger railroad services eventually to the Bourne-Falmouth rail line in the future. An August 5, 2009 article on the New England Cable News channel, entitled South Coast rail project a priority for Mass. lawmakers, mentions a $1.4-billion railroad reconstruction plan by Governor Deval Patrick, and could mean rebuilding of old rail lines on the Cape. On November 21, 2009, the town of Falmouth saw its first passenger train in 12 years, a set of dinner train cars from Cape Cod Central. And a trip from the Mass Bay Railroad Enthusiasts on May 15, 2010 revealed a second trip along the Falmouth line.
[edit] Taxi
Taxicabs are plentiful, with several different companies operating out of different parts of the Cape. Except at the airport and some bus terminals with taxi stands, cabs must be booked ahead of time, with most operators preferring two to three hours notice. Cabs cannot be "hailed" anywhere in Barnstable County, this was outlawed in the early nineties after several robbery attempts on drivers.
Most companies utilize a New York City-style taximeter and charge based on distance plus an initial fee of $2 to $3. In Provincetown, cabs charge a flat fare per person anywhere in the town.
[edit] Tourism
Hyannis Harbor on Nantucket Sound
Although Cape Cod has a year-round population of about 230,000, it experiences a tourist season each summer, the beginning and end of which can be roughly approximated as Memorial Day and Labor Day, respectively. Many businesses are specifically targeted to summer visitors, and close during the eight to nine months of the "off season" (although the "on season" has been expanding somewhat in recent years due to Indian Summer, reduced lodging rates, and the number of people visiting the Cape after Labor Day who either have no school-age children, and the elderly, reducing the true "off season" to six or seven months). In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat (see above). Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries include cranberries, shellfish (particularly oysters and clams) and lobstering.
Provincetown, at the tip of Cape Cod, also berths several whale watching fleets who patrol the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Most fleets guarantee a whale sighting (mostly humpback whale, fin whale, minke whale, sei whale, and critically endangered, the North Atlantic Right Whale), and one is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. Many hotels and resorts are friendly to or cater to gay and lesbian tourists and it is known as a gay mecca in the summer.[26]
Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over. With 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline, beaches, both public and private, are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). The Cape Cod National Seashore has 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.
Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities like beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.[27] Bed and breakfasts or vacation houses are often used for lodging.
Each summer the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located in East Falmouth,(typically) during the first weekend of August. This Music festival features local, regional and national talent along with food, arts and family friendly activities.
[edit] Sport fishing
Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued are striped bass, bluefish, bluefin tuna, false albacore (little tunny), bonito, tautog, flounder and fluke. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has several harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.
The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such as mahi-mahi and marlin will also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.[28]
[edit] Sports
The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in the Cape Cod Baseball League. The Wareham Gatemen also play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearby Wareham, Massachusetts in Plymouth County. The league originated 1923, although intertown competition traces to 1866. Teams in the league are the Bourne Braves, Brewster Whitecaps, Chatham Anglers (formerly the Chatham Athletics), Cotuit Kettleers, Falmouth Commodores, Harwich Mariners, Hyannis Harbor Hawks (formerly the Hyannis Mets), Orleans Firebirds (formerly the Orleans Cardinals), Wareham Gatemen and the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. Pro ball scouts frequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.
Cape Cod is also a national hot bed for baseball and hockey. Along with the Cape Cod Baseball League and the new Junior Hockey League team, the Cape Cod Cubs, many high school players are being seriously recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball, Harwich has also won three State titles in the past 12 years (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, known rivals in hockey have won state championships recently. Bourne in 2004, and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth also hold the title of having one of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on the Thanksgiving since 1895. The Bourne and Barnstable girl's volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable in the country. With Bourne winning the State title in 2003 and 2007. In the past 15 years, Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 State titles and has won the state title the past two years.
The Cape also is home to the Cape Cod Frenzy, a team in the American Basketball Association.
Soccer on Cape Cod is represented by the Cape Cod Crusaders, playing in the USL Premier Development League (PDL) soccer based in Hyannis. In addition, a summer Cape Cod Adult Soccer League (CCASL) is active in several towns on the Cape.
Cape Cod is also the home of the Cape Cod Cubs, a new junior league hockey team that is based out of Hyannis at the new communtiy center being built of Bearses Way.
The end of each summer is marked with the running of the world famous Falmouth Road Race which is held on the 3rd Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.2 miles (11.6 km) long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is no longer there, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.
[edit] Education
Each town usually consists of a few elementary schools, one or two middle schools and one large public high school that services the entire town. Exceptions to this include Dennis-Yarmouth Regional High School located in Yarmouth which services both the town of Yarmouth as well as Dennis and Nauset Regional High School located in Eastham which services the town of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown (optional). Bourne High School is the public school for students residing in the town of Bourne, which is gathered from villages in Bourne, including Sagamore, Sagamore Beach, and Buzzards Bay. Barnstable High School is the largest high school and is known for its girls' volleyball team which have been state champions a total of 12 times. Barnstable High School also boasts one of the country's best high school drama clubs which were awarded with a contract by Warner Brothers to created a documentary in webisode format based on their production of Wizard of Oz. Sturgis Charter Public School is a public school in Hyannis which was featured in Newsweek's Magazine's "Best High Schools" ranking. It ranked 28th in the country and 1st in the state of Massachusetts in the 2009 edition and ranked 43rd and 55th in the 2008 and 2007 edition, respectively. Sturgis offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in their junior and senior year and is open to students as far as Plymouth. The Cape also contains two vocational high schools. One is the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich and the other is Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School located in Bourne. Lastly, Mashpee High School is home to the Mashpee Chapter of (SMPTE,) the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result. The officers of this group who have made history are listed below:
* President: Ryan D. Stanley '11
* Vice-President Kenneth J. Peters '13
* Treasurer Eric N. Bergquist '11
* Secretary Andrew L. Medlar '11
In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy, Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, and Pope John Paul II High School. Bourne offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Orleans offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offers Falmouth Academy. Riverview School is located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school which services students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities. Another specialized school is the Penikese Island School located on Penikese Island, part of the Elizabeth Islands off southwestern Cape Cod, which services struggling and troubled teenage boys.
Cape Cod also contains two institutions of higher education. One is the Cape Cod Community College located in West Barnstable, Barnstable. The other is Massachusetts Maritime Academy in Buzzards Bay, Bourne. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States.
[edit] Islands off Cape Cod
Like Cape Cod itself, the islands south of the Cape have evolved from whaling and trading areas to resort destinations, attracting wealthy families, celebrities, and other tourists. The islands include Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as well as Forbes family-owned Naushon Island, which was purchased by John Murray Forbes with profits from opium dealing in the China trade during the Opium War. Naushon is one of the Elizabeth Islands, many of which are privately owned. One of the publicly accessible Elizabeths is the southernmost island in the chain, Cuttyhunk, with a year-round population of 52 people. Several prominent families have established compounds or estates on the larger islands, making these islands some of the wealthiest resorts in the Northeast, yet they retain much of the early merchant trading and whaling culture.
I KNOW, IT IS AN OLD CREATION. I just edit it.
A small base but it is cool ! :)
Video link : www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygnHtIwCi7E