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Metz, France - St Stephen's Cathedral
Saint-Étienne de Metz (French for "Saint-Stephen of Metz"), also known as Metz Cathedral, is a historic Roman Catholic cathedral in Metz, capital of Lorraine, France. Saint-Étienne de Metz is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz and the seat of the Bishop of Metz, currently Pierre Raffin.The cathedral treasury exhibits the millennium rich collection of the Bishopric of Metz, including paraments and items used for the Eucharist.
Saint-Stephen of Metz has one of the highest naves in the world. The cathedral is nicknamed the Good Lord's Lantern (French: la Lanterne du Bon Dieu), displaying the largest expanse of stained glass in the world with 6,496 m2 (69,920 sq ft). Those stained glass windows include works by Gothic and Renaissance master glass makers Hermann von Münster, Theobald of Lixheim, and Valentin Bousch and romantic Charles-Laurent Maréchal, tachist Roger Bissière, cubist Jacques Villon, and modernist Marc Chagall.
Built between 1220 and 1552, it is the product of the unification of two distinct churches. With its 42 metre high vaults, it is one of the highest Gothic edifices in Europe. With its 6,500 m² of stained glass windows, the nickname “God’s lantern” is well merited. There are windows from the 13th to the 20th centuries by Hermann de Münster, Thiebault de Lixheim, Valentin Bousch, Jacques Villon and Marc Chagall. These masterpieces of the art of fire and light form a veritable encyclopaedia of the art of stained glass.
Architecture
Saint-Stephen Cathedral is a Rayonnant Gothic edifice built with the local yellow Jaumont limestone. Like in French Gothic architecture, the building is compact, with slight projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels. However, it displays singular, distinctive characteristics in both its ground plan and architecture compared to most of the other cathedrals. Because of topography of Moselle valley in Metz, the common west-east axis of the ground plan could not be applied and the church is oriented north-northeast. Moreover, unlike the French and German Gothic cathedrals having three portals surmounted by a rose window and two large towers, Saint-Stephen of Metz has a single porch at its western facade. One enters laterally in the edifice by another portal placed at the south-western side of the narthex, declining the usual alignment of the entrance with the choir.
The nave is supported by flying buttresses and culminates at 41.41 metres (135.9 ft) high, making one of the highest naves in the world. The height of the nave is contrasted by the relatively low height of the aisles with 14.3 metres (47 ft) high, reinforcing the sensation of tallness of the nave. This feature permitted the architects to create large, tall expanses of stained glass. Through its history, Saint-Stephen Cathedral was subjected to architectural and ornamental modifications with successive additions of Neoclassical and Neogothic elements.
Construction history
The edification of Saint-Stephen of Metz took place on an Ancient site from the 5th century consecrated to Saint Stephen protomartyr. According to Gregory of Tours, the shrine of Saint Stephen was the sole structure spared during the sack of 451 by Attila's Huns. The construction of the Gothic cathedral began in 1220 within the walls of an Ottonian basilica dating from the 10th century. The integration into the cathedral's ground plan of a Gothic chapel from the 12th century at the western end resulted in the absence of a main western portal; the south-western porch of the cathedral being the entrance of the former chapel. The work was completed around 1520 and the new cathedral was consecrated on 11 April 1552.
In 1755, French architect Jacques-François Blondel was awarded by the Royal Academy of Architecture to built a Neoclassical portal at the West end of the cathedral. He disengaged the cathedral's facade by razing an adjacent cloister and three attached churches and achieved the westwork in 1764.
In 1877, the Saint-Stephen of Metz was heavily damaged after a conflagration due to fireworks. After this incident, it was decided the refurbishment of the cathedral and its adornments within a Neogothic style. The western facade was completely rebuilt between 1898 and 1903; the Blondel's portal was demolished and a new Neogothic portal was added.
Workforce Alignment workshop "Building strong partnerships to support Wisconsin’s workforce need." A conversation hosted by UW Oshkosh, Department of Workforce Development, Fox Valley Tech and WAICU.
This is a easy place to miss at Exit 176 on I-44 turn right and go past the old alignment of I-44 to get to the old alignment of Route 66 between Jerome and Doolittle, Mo.
Some creative workers set these concrete blocks in a row along the road. Blocks are very old, so it looks just like some megalithic alignment. It makes me thinking about Breizh land.
At some time in the past, there used to be road here. A segment of the old alignment ends just behind this photograph, and you can see the road in the distance on the other side of the tracks. If that's not enough evidence, the utility poles in line with the road's path are another clue.
This picture represents the idea of rhythm by the alignment of the several flags. When taking this picture I had the idea to mix the idea of rhythm plus the color effect that the flags could provide for my picture, this way I could create a great effect.
The small bright spot to the lower right is Venus. Somewhere near it should be Mars, Jupiter and Uranus in alignment from below left to above right, though I haven't been able to find them.
Another view of clamping scheme. The trick was to still have room to at least tack the 4 corners of the butt joint with the TIG before reducing the number of clamps to have room to MIG the rest of the joint.
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This Volvo S60R came to Excelerate Performance to have a set of front and rear sway bars installed, 4 wheel alignment and road force tire balance.
14 Sept. 2019
Maryhill Stonehenge megalith alignment. Columbia River Gorge. Washington State.
Photo by Bill Yake
Vertical ends only have one axle position. It's got to be right. A series of checks is carried out ensuring equidistant features from the centre line and parallel bearing surfaces.
Atlanta, Illinois.
Route 66 (Alignment 1926-1946).
J.H. Judy & Sons Grocers at corner of S Race St and SW Arch St.
Splendid mural. (2)
J.H. Judy & Sons Grocers à l'angle de S Race St et SW Arch St.
Splendide peinture murale. (2)
getting ready to check head tube twist and make sure the head tube is aligned to the center plane of the frame.
A look on the former alignment of A50 just north of Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. This alignment dates from 1930's or earlier. It is unknown how this road was perceived, as the alignment is too narrow for contemporary freeway design.
Seligman, Arizona.
Route 66 (Alignment 1932-1979) - Business Loop 40 - Arizona 66.
Canyon Lodge, 114 E Chino Ave (Between Floyd St and Main St).
Very comfortable, clean and pleasant motel. (2)
Canyon Lodge, 114 E Chino Ave (Entre Floyd St et Main St).
Motel très confortable, propre et agréable. (2)