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Kīlauea is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawai'ian Islands. It is the most active of the five volcanoes that form the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. Located along the southern shore of the island in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, the volcano is about 300,000 and 600,000 years old and it emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago. It is about 4,200 ft tall (1280 m) at it's highest point, with a 540 ft (165 m) deep circular caldera at its summit. It is said that Kilauea is the home to Pele, the volcano goddess of ancient Hawaiian legends.
Mount Etna is one of the world’s most active volcanoes and is in an almost constant state of activity. The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations. In June 2013, it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
How many humans can you spot?
The hike out to Volcán Chico is a hike through time, where the layers of volcanic rock each speak of a different eruption.
Our guide pointed out red rusty colored rock from the eruption of 1979 and a darker, gray black rock from the more recent eruption in 2005 and 2018.
In fact, Volcán Chico and its surrounds are a panorama of earthy tones and the stark contrasts between rusty reds, bright golden yellows, dusty, dull ochre, and blue blacks constantly greet us on the trail.
The first colours of autumn in Japan is at Mt Asahidake in Hokkaido.
Thank you my friends for your faves and comments..cheers.
The southern and eastern side of the volcano is covered with lush tropical forest vegetation and fertile soil at moderate altitudes, the higher reaches are more barren with bushes and grasses of modest height of 2–3 meters.
As my group hiked up Hokkaido's highest Mt Asahidake(2291 m) i was content enjoying the beautiful Daisetsuzan National Park and become friends with the photographer up there..
Thanks for your visit and faves my friends..
*Sierra Negra Volcano and Chico Volcano:
Main Activities: Hiking/Walking
Intensity: Medium – High
Length of Tour: 5 hours
Daily Departures: 7:30am
This panorama was taken with my IPHONE 6S PLUS. I adjusted the lighting exposure by touching my screen and moving my finger downward to get the lighting I was looking for. I did no further editing after I uploaded the photo to Flicker. LENS: IPhone 6s Plus camera 4.15mm f/2.2
The northern side of the volcano is almost entirely devoid of vegetation (with the exception of some cacti) as it has been resurfaced in more recent times by lava flows.
***
Jasminocereus (meaning "jasmine-like cereus", referring to the flowers) is a genus of cacti with only one species, Jasminocereus thouarsii, endemic to the Galápagos Islands, territorially a part of Ecuador. In English it is often called the candelabra cactus (a name used for other cacti with a similar appearance). At maturity it has a branched, treelike habit, and may be up to 7 m (23 ft) tall. The stems are made up of individual sections with constrictions between them. Its creamy white to greenish flowers open at night and are followed by greenish to reddish fruits.
Jasminocereus thouarsii is endemic to the Galápagos, where it is found on Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz and Santiago, plus some islets, including Bartolomé. It is found in arid areas, from the coast up to about 300 m (980 ft) on the larger islands.
The fruits of Jasminocereus thouarsii (particularly var. delicatus for those who distinguish varieties) have been used to make a fruit juice described as "refreshing".
Often, as the lava flowed, the exterior portion cooled and hardened even as the molten material continued to flow in the interior. When the lava flow abated, there was not enough liquid to fill the inner cavity, and a tunnel was formed (called a lava tube or lava tunnel).
And be prepared for one of the most stunning views of your entire trip. As you walk down the slope of Volcán Sierra Negra to Volcán Chico, just as the green highlands change into a desert landscape worthy of Death Valley in California, the vista opens up. And instead of just seeing the edge of the island and the ocean spread out before you, you see other islands of the archipelago and begin to understand just how impossible it is to see all of the Galapagos in a single trip.
The hike out to Volcán Chico is a hike through time, where the layers of volcanic rock each speak of a different eruption. Our guide pointed out red rusty colored rock from the eruption of 1979 and a darker, gray black rock from the more recent eruption in 2005. In fact, Volcán Chico and its surrounds are a panorama of earthy tones and the stark contrasts between rusty reds, bright golden yellows, dusty, dull ochre, and blue blacks constantly greet you on the trail.
Sierra Negra Volcano has one of the biggest and most amazing calderas of an active volcano on earth. It is also the only active volcano that we visited in the Galapagos Islands.
Our tour took us on a 16km hike along the edge of the caldera (volcanic crater). Great views of the landscape and excellent photos can be taken during the hike.
As part of the tour, we also visited the area of Volcan Chico.
We went over the edge and 300 meters down outside the main caldera and we kept walking along the edge and visited the last eruption site of Sierra Negra Volcano in 2018 on the newest trail opened by the Galapagos National Park.
So why should we visit Sierra Negra Volcano? The first reason is the spectacular views of this massive caldera and Isabela Island itself. On a clear day we have the chance to see the Sierra Negra Volcano’s caldera, the whole chain of six volcanoes that form Isabela Island, and also Elizabeth Bay and Fernandina Island all in the same picture!
The second and maybe the most important reason we should visit Sierra Negra Volcano is to understand and witness the continuing geological process of the Galapagos Islands.
Oh yes, and for the picture at the edge of the caldera too!
***
The morphology of Sierra Negra is the upturned soup bowl shape of the other Isabela volcanoes, however it does not have the steep sloping sides that are on others. Instead the slope goes from approximately 2 degrees at its base and although increasing averages only 5 degrees.
The volcano has the largest caldera of all of the Galapagos volcanoes, with dimensions of 7.2 x 9.3 km, with the long axis being south west to north east. The caldera is also the shallowest of the Isabela volcanoes at only 100 meters. The caldera is structurally complex with a 14 km long ridge within it. A large fumarolic area, Volcan de Azufre, lies between this ridge and the western caldera wall.
This fumarolic area is one of the locations where terrestrial sulfur flows have been identified, this is associated with the melting of sulfur deposits.
As we walked down the slope of Volcán Sierra Negra to Volcán Chico, just as the green highlands change into a desert landscape worthy of Death Valley in California, the vista opens up.
The active volcano is the Sabancaya, a 5,976-metre-high stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, about 70 kilometres northwest of Arequipa. It is considered part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the three distinct volcanic belts of the Andes.
Putana volcano, with the summit fumaroles, sulfur deposits and the summit road all visible.
***
Putana, sometimes referred to as Jorqencal or Machuca, is a volcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile and close to the Sairecabur volcanic complex. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its summit is 5,890 metres (19,320 ft) above sea level and contains a summit crater with two smaller craters nested within it. Beneath the summit, the volcano features a number of lava domes and lava flows, some of which originated in flank vents.
While the occurrence of historical activity is unclear (aside from an episode in 2009–2010 where the edifice was uplifted by 4 centimetres (1.6 in)), the volcano features vigorous fumarolic activity that creates a large plume of gas above the summit. Sulfur deposited by the fumaroles has been mined.
The highlight of this hike was the destination point.
As we hiked down the mountain, you saw the outlines of hikers bodies on distant crater rim. It was easy to tell that not one of them was looking back towards us or the trail – they were all looking out at a vista we couldn’t yet see.
That view we saw earlier on the trail was about to be magnified a thousand-fold.
From the ridge, we saw the northern half of Isla Isabela spread out in full glory, the Wolf Volcano, the islands Fernandina, Rábida, Santa Cruz, even the tiny little islets of Cuatro Hermanos, and the striking blue waters in between them all.
When we arrived, we wanted to sit down and enjoy the view.
This was certainly not an experience to be rushed.
***
The hike out to Volcán Chico was a hike through time, where the layers of volcanic rock each speak of a different eruption.
Our guide pointed out red rusty colored rock from the eruption of 1979 and a darker, gray black rock from the more recent eruption in 2005 and 2018. In fact, Volcán Chico and its surrounds are a panorama of earthy tones and the stark contrasts between rusty reds, bright golden yellows, dusty, dull ochre, and blue blacks constantly greet us on the trail.
PS We are waiting for the other group to come down from the top.
The morphology of Sierra Negra is the upturned soup bowl shape of the other Isabela volcanoes, however it does not have the steep sloping sides that are on others. Instead the slope goes from approximately 2 degrees at its base and although increasing averages only 5 degrees.
The volcano has the largest caldera of all of the Galapagos volcanoes, with dimensions of 7.2 x 9.3 km, with the long axis being south west to north east. The caldera is also the shallowest of the Isabela volcanoes at only 100 meters. The caldera is structurally complex with a 14 km long ridge within it. A large fumarolic area, Volcan de Azufre, lies between this ridge and the western caldera wall.
This fumarolic area is one of the locations where terrestrial sulfur flows have been identified, this is associated with the melting of sulfur deposits.
***
The volcano is one of the most active in the Galapagos, with the most recent eruption beginning on 26 June 2018, only ten days after a nearby Volcano, La Cumbre, also began erupting. The previous eruption began on 22 October 2005 and ended on 30 October 2005. That eruption was estimated to have produced 1.5x108 m3 of lava. Despite the GPS monitoring on Sierra Negra there was no advance warning of the eruption. There had been expansion of the caldera floor since 1992 but no short term deformational signal was noted before the eruption. Contraction continued through the nine-day eruption before starting again immediately after the eruption ended.
Other eruptions in the historical record are 1911, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1963, 1979 and 2005. Eruptions in earlier years are recorded by dating lava flows but their location on the volcano and the dates of the eruption are not known precisely.
But perhaps even more exciting than the beautiful, if stark, landscape are the vents where you can feel the moist, hot air escaping from the earth itself. Just look across the landscape for a spot of bright green, a fern or a small flowering plant, or maybe some sprouting mushrooms, and you will likely find a vent that is providing the moisture this small plant needs to survive. It is a reminder of how this land is still in the process of active change.
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, is a United States National Park located on the island of Hawaii. This site contains two of the most active volcanoes in the world, Mauna Loa, 13,651 ft high (4,170 m) and Kilauea 4,101 ft high (1,250 m), both of which tower over the Pacific Ocean. Volcanic eruptions have created a constantly changing landscape, and the lava flows reveal surprising geological formations.
And be prepared for one of the most stunning views of our entire trip. As we walked down the slope of Volcán Sierra Negra to Volcán Chico, just as the green highlands change into a desert landscape worthy of Death Valley in California, the vista opens up. And instead of just seeing the edge of the island and the ocean spread out before us, we saw other islands of the archipelago and began to understand just how impossible it was to see all of the Galapagos in a single trip.
The hike out to Volcán Chico is a hike through time, where the layers of volcanic rock each speak of a different eruption.
Our guide pointed out red rusty colored rock from the eruption of 1979 and a darker, gray black rock from the more recent eruption in 2005 and 2018. In fact, Volcán Chico and its surrounds are a panorama of earthy tones and the stark contrasts between rusty reds, bright golden yellows, dusty, dull ochre, and blue blacks constantly greet us on the trail.
***
Volcán Chico is located northeast of Sierra Negra volcano at an altitude of approximately 860masl. There is access by footpath and horse trail, which are clearly signposted.
Volcan Chico is a fissure of some parasitic cones, composed of slag and lava. This fissure had its last eruption in November 1979. Its activity lasted for a period of two weeks. On 13 April 1963, Chico Volcano had even stronger eruption, the activity lasted one month, and at that time, the lava flows fell to Elizabeth Bay and covered a large sector east of the Sierra Negra volcano, consuming large sections of vegetation.
Volcan Chico is just northwest of the caldera, so it is not affected by the drizzle that always percipitates into the southeastern sector of the high islands. This is one of the reasons why Volcan Chico is in perfect condition and visitors can appreciate it when there is good visibility and sunshine.
In the northeast side of the caldera of Sierra Negra volcano, on 22 October 2005 an eruption occurred that lasted one week. The lava flow covered much of the interior of the caldera and in some places rose more than two meter.
The highlight of this hike was the destination point.
From the ridge, we saw the northern half of Isla Isabela spread out in full glory, the Wolf Volcano, the islands Fernandina, Rábida, Santa Cruz, even the tiny little islets of Cuatro Hermanos, and the striking blue waters in between them all.
When we arrived, we wanted to sit down and enjoy the view.
This was certainly not an experience to be rushed.
***
The hike out to Volcán Chico was a hike through time, where the layers of volcanic rock each speak of a different eruption.
Our guide pointed out red rusty colored rock from the eruption of 1979 and a darker, gray black rock from the more recent eruption in 2005. In fact, Volcán Chico and its surrounds are a panorama of earthy tones and the stark contrasts between rusty reds, bright golden yellows, dusty, dull ochre, and blue blacks constantly greet you on the trail.
The hike out to Volcán Chico was a hike through time, where the layers of volcanic rock each speak of a different eruption.
Our guide pointed out red rusty colored rock from the eruption of 1979 and a darker, gray black rock from the more recent eruption in 2005 and 2018. In fact, Volcán Chico and its surrounds are a panorama of earthy tones and the stark contrasts between rusty reds, bright golden yellows, dusty, dull ochre, and blue blacks constantly greet us on the trail.
'Feed me, please! No one is watching us.' Asked me quietly the male bird.
'No way!' My answer, unfortunately.
***
Darwin's finches (also known as the Galápagos finches) are a group of about 15 species of passerine birds. They are well known for their remarkable diversity in beak form and function. They are often classified as the subfamily Geospizinae or tribe Geospizini. They belong to the tanager family and are not closely related to the true finches. The closest known relative of the Galápagos finches is the South American Tiaris obscurus. They were first collected by Charles Darwin on the Galápagos Islands during the second voyage of the Beagle. Apart from the Cocos finch, which is from Cocos Island, the others are found only on the Galápagos Islands.
The birds vary in size from 10 to 20 cm and weigh between 8 and 38 grams. The smallest are the warbler-finches and the largest is the vegetarian finch. The most important differences between species are in the size and shape of their beaks, which are highly adapted to different food sources. The birds are all dull-coloured.
The Galápagos mockingbird (Mimus parvulus) is a species of bird in the family Mimidae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.
The Galápagos mockingbird is one of four mockingbird species endemic to the Galápagos Islands. These four are all closely related, and DNA evidence shows they likely all descended from an ancestor species which reached the islands in a single colonization event. When John Gould first described the species in 1837, based on specimens brought back from the islands by Charles Darwin, he named it Orpheus parvulus. However, because of the rules of binomial nomenclature, Orpheus was declared a junior synonym, and in 1841, George Robert Gray moved all of the Orpheus mockingbirds to the older genus Mimus. In 1890, Robert Ridgway created the genus Nesomimus for the mockingbirds found on the Galápagos Islands, and most taxonomists adopted the change. Recent DNA studies, however, show that the Nesomimus mockingbirds fall within the traditional genus Mimus, making the latter paraphyletic, so some taxonomists have moved them back into Mimus.
There are six subspecies, each endemic to a particular island or islands:
M. p. parvulus is found on Santa Cruz, North Seymour, Daphne Major, Isabela and Fernandina.
Like all of the mockingbirds found in the Galápagos, this species is long-tailed and relatively long-legged, with a long, slim, decurved beak.
The Galápagos mockingbird is the most widespread of the mockingbird species found in the Galápagos; it is found on most of the major (and many of the minor) islands of the archipelago.
Fuji-san, the mighty, the sacred, the eternally mysterious - central to the identity of Japan and her people.
For me, a pilgrimage of sorts; to finally stand before this most beautiful of natural wonders, a deeply moving 24 hours in my life.
Fuji-san leaves one breathless and bewildered. Parting earth and sky with remarkable symmetry, its beauty beyond description in text or letter; no poem powerful enough to create the emotion in one's heart and mind upon seeing for the first time, in person and close at hand.
Here is Fuji-san with Lake Kawaguchiko as the sun slowly disappeared and night began to fall. This wonderful view was enjoyed from our balcony with its own private onsen, at the hotel Kukuna. Highly recommended.
Mount Fuji is an active stratovolcano and the tallest mountain in Japan, standing at 3,776 m.
Link to dawn the following morning: www.flickr.com/photos/112623317@N03/49582116291/in/album-...
Link to a little later in the morning: www.flickr.com/photos/112623317@N03/53569433772/
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Had to set out very early, drove up the adjacent mountain in pitch darkness to arrive at the spot before sunrise just to get the shot. It was surprisingly cold near the peak, foggy as well but fortunately it cleared a little for some shots before the scene got engulfed again in fog.
With Nikon D800E and prosumer zoom AF-S 18-35mm f3.5-4.5 G.
Lava rubble like a lunar landscape awaited us at the volcanos top.
Unlike the well-known Mt Merapi on Java, this Mt. Marapi does not have the typical cone shape. The tip is flattened and has several crater holes from which sulfur-containing vapors emerged. Unfortunately we were surrounded by clouds and didn't have the desired view of the surroundings.
.. to be continued... ;)
More about the volcano:
www.volcanodiscovery.com/sumatra/marapi.html
The photo was taken in 1983 with my analog Nikon FE camera and 35mm slide film, and now scanned with Nikon Coolscan film scanner.
© This photo is the property of Helga Bruchmann. Please do not use my photos for sharing, printing or for any other purpose without my written permission. Thank you!
sometimes, you just get lucky...what a scene!!! this was the 2nd out of 3 smokin' volcanoes we saw this morning
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park/East Java/Indonesia (Mount Bromo is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif. At 2,329 metres (7,641 ft) it is not the highest peak of the massif, but is the most well known. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma, the Hindu creator god.
Mount Bromo sits in the middle of a plain called the "Sea of Sand", a protected nature reserve since 1919. The best view- point is on Mount Penanjakan (2,770 m or 9,088 ft)...).
*(3 photomerge)
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It is very pleasant to take morning walks in the villages surrounding this volcanic park . Good to observe the life of the simple people living there . Mt Bromo is active and smoke is usually seen .
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Mount Shasta is a potentially active volcano in Siskiyou County, California. At an elevation of 14,180 feet (4,321 meters), it is the fifth highest in California.
Board walk crossing at Norris Geyser Basin/Norris Porcelain Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
Many thanks to all those who view, fav or comment my pictures. I very much appreciate it.
Led by the Australian geologist we climbed the volcano. With his jeep we drove as far as possible on the slope of the mountain where we then walked through the jungle. There was no hiking trail, but the local guide knew exactly where to go.
In these latitudes the tree line is far higher than in our temperate zones, finally we started the last part of the way, which has been
only loose lava rubble which slipped under our feet. We finally reached the edge of the crater in altitude of 2.892 meters (9,485 ft). The geologist wanted some rock samples.
... to be continued...;)
www.volcanodiscovery.com/sumatra/marapi.html
I took this photo in December 1983 with my analog Nikon FE camera and 35mm slide film, and later scanned with a Nikon Coolscan film scanner.
© This photo is the property of Helga Bruchmann. Please do not use my photos for sharing, printing or for any other purpose without my written permission. Thank you!