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Bee participants were asked to make 12" finished blocks with a low volume path and warm and cool sides (gender neutral colours).
Quilt donation for St Kilda Mum's.
Bound with a Blue Kei Honeycomb print.
How the King Was Tricked
by Virginia Robinson
Illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen
From Childcraft Volume 12
Pioneers and Patriots
1968 Edition
I found a couple more volumes of Childcraft-The How and Why Library. This time they are from the 1968 edition instead of the 1964 edition. There isn't too much difference between these two editions though. I found Volume 10 What People Do, Volume 12 Pioneers and Patriots as well as Volume 15 Guide and Index. The Guide and Index is cool because it has a list of each illustrator who's work appears in any of the volumes and lists the volumes and pages for each time it appears. For instance, in the 1968 edition: Charles Harper's work appears in Volume 1 pgs 230-231, Volume 4 pgs 38-39, 58-59, 68-69, 126-127, 138-139, 146, 198-199, 332-333, 360-361, Volume 7 pgs 42-43 and Volume 12 pgs 8-17.
City Engineer's Department, Dunedin City Council
Reference: City Engineers (CE) Correspondence Series 2, Volume 18
This small volume of psalms was created for the private use of a noble lady, probably a relative of Duke Henry the Lion (1129-1195). It was made at Helmarshausen, the same monastery that produced the sumptuous Gospels of Henry the Lion, which sold at auction in 1983 for nearly 12 million dollars, making it the most expensive art object sold to that point. This psalter is much smaller and less elaborate than the Gospels, with only three miniatures, but the quality is very high. The identity of the manuscript’s owner, the lady pictured on fol. 6v, has been the subject of much debate. Scholars have conjectured that she is Gertrud, Henry’s daughter, Clementia, his first wife, or Matilda, his second wife. Because the portrait bears no inscription, and because the facing page, which may have shown the lady’s patron saint, is missing, the question must remain open.
To explore fully digitized manuscripts with a virtual page-turning application, please visit Walters Ex Libris.
EEE Magazine
August 1970
Volume 18, Number 8
p38
Nick DeWolf Of Teradyne Speaks Out: Speed Kills (cont'd)
____
when I say "slow" with reference to IC characteristics I don't mean glacial. When you do something in 50 nanoseconds, you're taking less time than it takes a typewriter key to move a quarter the wavelength of light. That's speed, no matter how you cut it. The problem is that what most people really want, if they only realized it, is results, not speed. They want to perform a given job in the shortest amount of time. People who test devices often use the term "productivity." Let me use an example to show that productivity and speed are not the same thing.
Suppose you're testing transistors, many thousands of them a shift, making 10 tests on each one and throwing them into bins on the basis of tests passed. Suppose each test takes 20 milliseconds. You can double productivity by cutting that test time down to 10 milliseconds, right? Wrong.
First, you find yourself bumping into some laws of physics. The transistor needs some time to achieve the desired test state and a measurement made too early might be invalid. Second, at 20 milliseconds a test you are probably already testing transistors faster than your mechanical handlers can operate. Third, you can really increase productivity by working out a test procedure that will eliminate superfluous and redundant test - in other words, one that will drop the transistor into the right bin with the smallest possible number of tests. This kind of planning can increase productivity by 30 or 40 percent.
Then figure out how to multiplex and time-share and use distribution curves and yield data to set bin priorities, and you might raise throughput by another 100 percent or so. That's what productivity is all about - not trying to puch ICs to their last nanoseconds.
Or, to put the matter in the latest context, consider the problems confronting those who want to test LSI devices. The fastest ICs anyone has dreamed up still fall pitifully short of doing the trick, because now you're involved in making, instead of a few dozen tests per device, n to the nth to the nth of them. Here speed doesn't kill; it simply fails. So again we attack the problem by reducing the number of tests required, through the generation of complex patterns.
Another factor that makes the speed race pretty academic is the amount of time required to program computer-controlled systems. And let's face it, computer control will soon overspread the whole range of electronic instrumentation. Once you enter the computer world, the key limitation isn't imposed by the speed of the magnetic memories, but by the level of complexity that you can tolerate. (Law: All things are as complex as the people involved can tolerate.)
A gang of monkeys sitting at typewriters for 40 years couldn't write the programs for what a computer-controlled test system can now accomplish in half a second. And future generations of test systems will even further outstrip programming ability.
That's the heart of the argument, really. We already have more speed than we know how to use. Our ability to absorb, reduce, and use information is limited not by some DTL gate plodding along at 50 nanoseconds but by the bandwidth of the people operating the system. There's a new paper shredder outside mu office. It shreds the paper none of us has time to read, and I have a dark suspicion that it is the paper shredder that ultimately will set the pace for all of us.
EEE
Who is Nick DeWolf
Even his friends feel that Nick DeWolf is a bit of a maverick. The president, director and cofounder of Teradyne just doesn't do things the way most of us would. When he left his job as chief electronics engineer of Transitron 10 years ago (he was the second employee), he didn't just shift into a job that was waiting for him. Instead, he took a year off to think and plan or, to use his own words, "to scheme."
He decided he wanted a partner so, instead of looking for a man with his own background and ideas, he sought one with entirely different experience. He found an old school buddy, Alex d'Arbeloff, who had been involved in South American real estate and who had worked for several companies that folded. This was Nick's way of preparing for lean years - but they never came. Teradyne has been an outstandingly successful manufacturer of equipment for automatic component testing.
Nick is a tall, gangly redhead who punctuates his remarks with frequent laughs, flailing gestures and a variety of sound effects. His family wanted him to be a banker but, as he expresses it, "I'm too skinny and I never played football well enough."
He calls his design philosophy creative pragmatism, which he spells out in terms of building better Mack trucks or doing well known things well. Despite his talk of sticking to "known" things, he's a compulsice inventor and has been since he took his BSEE at MIT in 1948. But he prefers to see himself as an architect. Thus, he didn't "invent" his company's SLOT machine (a Sequential LOgic Tester), he "architectured" it.
Nick, who walks to work (briskly), and his wife Maggie have six little DeWolfs and the biggest milk bill on Beacon Hill. When he's not running Teardyne, Nick is a sometimes (and expert) photographer, an avid skier and a civic leade who specializes in crossing the generation gap.
38
part of an archival project, featuring the work of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Requests for use are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
-- Page 5
in "Art and Artists" December, 1966
art and artists
Volume One Number Nine November 1966
EDITED BY MARIO AMAYA
ASSOCIATE EDI TOR KENNETH COUTTS-SMITH
NEW YORK EDITOR BRIAN O'DEHERTY
PARIS EDITOR OTTO HAHN
GERMAN EDITOR JURGEN CLAUS
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT PATRICIA WHITE
DESIGN GWYN LEWIS
In View 7
Light and Movement Frank Popper 8
The Big Turn-On Christopher Finch 12
New York: 9 Armored
Nights Brian O'Doherty 14
Talks Kenneth Coutts-Smith 18
Current Electrics Jean Clay 20
Less is Less (for Dan Flavin) Mel Bochner 24
Oldenburg's Monuments Gene Baro 28
Gentleman's Agreement Alexander Watt 32
Italy: In the Lombard Camp Henry Martin 46
Wasp-wasted Smith Hodgson 50
Ground Zero Cyril Barrett 54
The Early Tragic Death of
John Everett Millias Jonathan Mayne 58
Salesroom Simon Fleet 64
London: If Only W Had
the Money ... Eddie Wolfram 66
Books: Simon Hodgson 70
Briefly Jacques Brunius 72
Gallery Guide 37
Published by Hansom Books monthly on the first Friday of each moth. By
post to any address: single copies 5s 6d; one year 66s ($8); 2 years 125s
($15); 3 years 198s ($33). Loose leaf binder (value 15s) to hold 12 copies
given with three-year subscriptions. Foreign pay in sterling or International
Money Order. Binders for purchase are 15s by post. hansom Books also pub-
ishes monthly Dance and dancers, Films and Filming, Plays and Payers,
Records and Recording, Books and Bookmen, Music and Musicians, and Seven
Arts.
Second Class Postage paid at New York, N.Y. U.S.A. office; 155 West 15th
St., New York, N.Y. 10011. For information regarding advertising, newsstand
sales written to Eastern News Distributors Inc. 155 west 15th st., New York,
N.Y. 10011. Printed in England by Holbrook & Son Ltd., Norway Road,
Hilsea, Portsmouth. (c)Copyright Hansom Books Ltd., 1966. 16 Buckingham
Palace Road. London SW1. VICtoria 3571 (5 lines).
ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER MICHAEL KINLOCH
overseas advertisement representatives:
U.S.A: PAUL SHANLEY, 663 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK;
ITALY: S. J. ALLEN, 12 VICOLO DEL CEDRO, ROME.
ADVERTISEMENT DIRECTOR ALFRED FISHBURN
CIRCULATION DIRECTOR STANLEY NORMAN
SUBSCRIPTION MANAGER KENNETH SPARKS
On the Cover:
The Light of Piccadilly
Photographed by Iain Macmillian
from his forthcoming 'The Book of London'
to be published by Michael Joseph.
Private collection of Mikihiko Hori
LAKE KIVU
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lake Kivu
Coordinates 2°0′S 29°0′ECoordinates: 2°0′S 29°0′E
Type Rift Valley lakes, Meromictic
Primary outflows Ruzizi River
Catchment area 2,700 km2 (1,000 sq mi)
Basin countries Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Max. length 89 km (55 mi)[1]
Max. width 48 km (30 mi)[1]
Surface area 2,700 km2 (1,040 sq mi)[1]
Average depth 240 m (787 ft)
Max. depth 480 m (1,575 ft)
Water volume 500 km3 (120 cu mi)
Surface elevation 1,460 m (4,790 ft)
Islands Idjwi
Settlements Goma, Congo
Bukavu, Congo
Kibuye, Rwanda
Cyangugu, Rwanda
Lake Kivu with Goma in the background
Lake Kivu is one of the African Great Lakes. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift. Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which flows southwards into Lake Tanganyika. The name comes from kivu which means "lake" in some Bantu languages, just like the words tanganyika or nyanza.[citation needed]
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
3 Chemistry
3.1 Methane extraction
4 Biology and fisheries
5 See also
6 References
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012)
People on the shore at Gisenyi
The first European to visit the lake was German Count Adolf von Götzen in 1894. Since then it has been caught up in the conflict between Hutu and Tutsi people in Rwanda, and their allies in DR Congo, which led to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and the First and Second Congo Wars. Lake Kivu gained notoriety as a place where many of the victims of the genocide were dumped.
Geography
The lake covers a total surface area of some 2,700 km2 (1,040 sq mi) and stands at a height of 1,460 metres (4,790 ft) above sea level. Some 1 370 km2 or 58% of the lake's waters lie within DRC borders. The lake bed sits upon a rift valley that is slowly being pulled apart, causing volcanic activity in the area, and making it particularly deep: its maximum depth of 480 m (1,575 ft) is ranked eighteenth in the world.
The world's tenth-largest inland island, Idjwi, lies in Lake Kivu, as does the tiny island of Tshegera, which also lies within the boundaries of Virunga National Park; while settlements on its shore include Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake, and Goma in Congo, and Gisenyi, Kibuye, and Cyangugu in Rwanda.
Chemistry
Lake Kivu is a fresh water lake and, along with Cameroonian Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun, is one of three that experience limnic eruptions. Around the lake, geologists found evidence of massive biological extinctions about every thousand years, caused by outgassing events. The trigger for lake overturns in Lake Kivu's case is unknown, but volcanic activity is suspected. The gaseous chemical composition of exploding lakes is unique to each lake; in Lake Kivu's case, methane and carbon dioxide due to lake water interaction with a volcano. The amount of methane is estimated to be 65 cubic kilometers (if burnt over one year, it would give an average power of about 100 gigawatts for the whole period). There is also an estimated 256 cubic kilometers of carbon dioxide. The water temperature is 24°C, and the pH level is about 8.6.[2] The methane is reported to be produced by microbial reduction of the volcanic CO2.[3] The risk from a possible Lake Kivu overturn is catastrophic, dwarfing other documented lake overturns at Lakes Nyos and Monoun, because of the approximately two million people living in the lake basin.
Cores from the Bukavu Bay area of the lake reveal that the bottom has layered deposits of the rare mineral monohydrocalcite interlain with diatoms, on top of sapropelic sediments with high pyrite content. These are found at three different intervals. The sapropelic layers are believed to be related to hydrothermal discharge and the diatoms to a bloom which reduced the carbon dioxide levels low enough to precipitiate monohydrocalcite.[4]
Scientists hypothesize that sufficient volcanic interaction with the lake's bottom water that has high gas concentrations would heat water, force the methane out of the water, spark a methane explosion, and trigger a nearly simultaneous release of carbon dioxide.[5][6] The carbon dioxide would then suffocate large numbers of people in the lake basin as the gases roll off the lake surface. It is also possible that the lake could spawn lake tsunamis as gas explodes out of it.[7][8]
The risk posed by Lake Kivu began to be understood during the analysis of more recent events at Lake Nyos. Lake Kivu's methane was originally thought to be merely a cheap natural resource for export, and for the generation of cheap power. Once the mechanisms that caused lake overturns began to be understood, so did awareness of the risk the lake posed to the local population.
An experimental vent pipe was installed at Lake Nyos in 2001 to remove gas from the deep water, but such a solution for the much larger Lake Kivu would be considerably more expensive. No plan has been initiated to reduce the risk posed by Lake Kivu.[dubious – discuss] The approximately 500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in the lake is a little under 2 percent of the amount released annually by human fossil fuel burning. Therefore the process of releasing it could potentially have costs beyond building and operating the system.
Methane extraction
Methane extraction platform.
Lake Kivu has recently been found to contain approximately 55 billion cubic metres (1.94 trillion cubic feet) of dissolved biogas at a depth of 300 metres (1,000 ft). Until 2004, extraction of the gas was done on a small scale, with the extracted gas being used to run boilers at a brewery, the Bralirwa brewery in Gisenyi.[9][10] As far as large-scale exploitation of this resource is concerned, the Rwandan government has negotiated with a number of parties to produce methane from the lake.
In 2011 ContourGlobal, a U.S. based energy company focused on emerging markets, secured project financing to initiate a large-scale methane extraction project. The project will be run through a local Rwandan entity called KivuWatt, using an offshore barge platform to extract, separate, and clean the gasses obtained from the lake bed before pumping purified methane via an underwater pipeline to on-shore gas engines. Stage one of the project aims to build and supply three "gensets" along the lake shore, totaling 25MW of electrical capacity. Initial project operations are scheduled to commence in 2012.[11] In addition to managing gas extraction, KivuWatt will also manage the electrical generation plants and on-sell the electrical power to the Rwandan government under the terms of a long-term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). This allows KivuWatt to control a vertically integrated energy offering from point of extraction to point of sale into the local grid. Extraction is said to be cost-effective and relatively simple because once the gas-rich water is pumped up, the dissolved gases (primarily carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and methane) begin to bubble out as the water pressure gets lower. This project is expected to increase Rwanda's energy generation capability by as much as 20 times, and will enable Rwanda to sell electricity to neighboring African countries.[10] The firm was awarded the 2011 Africa Power deal of the year for innovation in the financing arrangements it obtained from various sources for the KivuWatt project. [12] .[13]
A problem associated with the prevalence of methane is that of mazuku.
Biology and fisheries
Fishing boats on Lake Kivu, 2009.
Reflection of the sky on Lake Kivu
The fish fauna in Lake Kivu is relatively poor with 28 species, including four introduced species.[14] The natives are the Lake Rukwa minnow (Raiamas moorii), four species of Barbus (B. altianalis, B. apleurogramma, B. kerstenii and B. pellegrini), an Amphilius catfish, two Clarias catfish (C. liocephalus and C. gariepinus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 15 endemic Haplochromis cichlids.[14] The introduced species are three cichlids, the longfin tilapia (Oreochromis macrochir), O. leucostictus and redbreast tilapia (Coptodon rendalli), and a clupeid, the Lake Tanganyika sardine, Limnothrissa miodon.[14]
The exploitable stock of the Lake Tanganyika sardine was estimated at 2000–4000 tons per year.[15] It was introduced to Lake Kivu in the late 1959 by a Belgian Engineer A. Collart. At present, Lake Kivu is the sole natural lake in which L. miodon, a sardine originally restricted to Lake Tanganyika, has been introduced initially to fill an empty niche. Prior to the introduction, no planktivorous fish was present in the pelagic waters of Lake Kivu. In the early 1990s, the number of fishers on the lake was 6,563, of which 3,027 were associated with the pelagic fishery and 3,536 with the traditional fishery. Widespread armed conflict in the surrounding region from the mid-1990s resulted in a decline in the fisheries harvest.[16]
Following this introduction, the sardine has gained substantial economic and nutritional importance for the lakeside human population but from an ecosystem standpoint, the introduction of planktivorous fish may result in important modifications of plankton community structure. Recent observations showed the disappearance during the last decades of a large grazer, Daphnia curvirostris, and the dominance of mesozooplankton community by three species of cyclopoid copepod: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis and Tropocyclops confinis.[17][18]
The first comprehensive phytoplankton survey was released in 2006.[19] With an annual average chlorophyll a in the mixed layer of 2.2 mg m-3 and low nutrient levels in the euphotic zone, the lake is clearly oligotrophic. Diatoms are the dominant group in the lake, particularly during the dry season episodes of deep mixing. During the rainy season, the stratified water column, with high light and lower nutrient availability, favour dominance of cyanobacteria with high numbers of phototrophic picoplankton.[19][20][21][22] The actual primary production is 0.71 g C m-2 d-1 (~ 260 g C m-2 y-1).[23]
A study of evolutionary genetics showed that the cichlids from lakes in northern Virunga (e.g., Edward, George, Victoria) would have evolved in a "proto-lake Kivu", much older than the intense volcanic activity (20,000-25,000 years ago) which cut the connection.[24] The elevation of the mountains west of the lake (which is currently the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, one of the largest reserves of eastern lowland (or Grauer's) gorillas in the world), combined with the elevation of the eastern rift (located in eastern Rwanda) would be responsible for drainage of water from central Rwanda in the actual Lake Kivu. This concept of "proto-lake Kivu" was challenged by lack of consistent geological evidence,[25] although the cichlid's molecular clock suggests the existence of a lake much older than the commonly cited 15,000 years.
Lake Kivu is the home of four species of freshwater crab, including two non-endemics (Potamonautes lirrangensis and P. mutandensis) and two endemics (P. bourgaultae and P. idjwiensis).[26] Among Rift Valley lakes, Lake Tanganyika is the only other with endemic freshwater crabs.[26]
7.16 — 42 / 365
opening my mouth yet nothing comes out
as if thoughts alone would make a sound
sharing feelings with unspoken words
is someone around to hear them?
Several days after leaving Fergus-Ostby Hospital, Tony found himself once again inside his father’s old workshop. Feeling the new piece of technology firmly placed in his chest for a moment, he suddenly heard a noise nearby and turned to see two figures entering the room. Rhodes and Maya both examined the area, as it had changed drastically in those short days. Tony had moved out the remains of the old cars to make room for what he was tentatively calling ‘The Legion Stronghold’, but was really just a place to house the suits he intended to create. All day and most of every night for his days back, Tony had been working on rebuilding the Mark I as well as enhancing it. At the same time, he was attempting to find a way to mass-produce the suits, currently only at a process where he was able to craft two at the same time. Pointing to the rebuilt Mark I (which Tony now referred to as the Mark II), he said,
“I know I promised you the Mark I but I’m not sure you would’ve wanted it in the condition it was in…plus the Mark II is much more advanced. I’m working on a way to attach an arm cannon to it, should be fun.” He referred to Rhodes as he said this but then approached Maya, saying, “Thanks for the flowers. Matched my eyes perfectly. I told Jarvis to put them in a vase but I’m not sure that he did…mine as well replace him with one of my suits at this point.” Maya smiled for a moment before asking,
“The first armor was for protection…what’s this one for?” She pointed to what Tony had been working on when the two walked in. He turned excitedly to it and said,
“Well…Mark IV meet Mr Rhodes and Ms Hansen. Mr Rhodes and Ms Hansen…the Mark IV.” Confused, Rhodes asked,
“Mark IV? What happened to the Mark III?” Tony shrugged, saying,
“Tried to make it all gold…didn’t really work out. Guess I didn’t really like the color…then the functionality and maneuverability…so I thought to start over and splash a bit of red in there. Voila,” Standing back to admire the new suit alongside Rhodes and Maya, Tony finished, “He’s my favorite so far…I think it’s the coloring.” Maya nodded before saying,
“I just wanted to drop by to see how you were recovering Tony, but, I have to ask: why are you trying out these suits personally? Why not just send them into the company for private testing in case something goes wrong?”
“That, my dear, has a two part answer: for one…” Tony tapped the arc reactor in his chest with the palm of his hand, saying, “Without one of these the energy that flows through the suits isn’t regulated. The beat of my heart keeps it in check.”
“And the other?” Rhodes asked as he revealed that he had left his position at Tony and Maya’s sides to get a closer look at the Mark II. As Rhodes admired the suit, Tony finished,
“Something the Mandarin said. It’s been eating away at me ever since we fought him…he offered that I join him because it would save lives. But that’s obviously not true, as his version of saving lives involves knocking off the one percenters to try and balance the world out,” Taking a pause for a moment, Tony said, “Before all this…I was a complete and utter screw-up. I’m talking ‘Titanic-not-having-enough-lifeboats’ screw-up. That was my life…a damn boat that just kept sinking. What the Mandarin said got me thinking: maybe there’s a way I can change. I needed a change…and I’ve never felt better than when I build another one of these. But then I got to thinking…what can I do with them? Obviously I could sell them, but do I really need to be richer than Rupert Murdoch to be happy? Trick question: I’m almost richer than he is now. But that’s beside the point…I was a sinking ship because I didn’t have a purpose. I didn’t have anything I needed to do.”
“So you’re going to suit up again?” Rhodes asked happily, pointing to the Mark II then himself repeatedly as he did. Tony smirked, saying,
“If need be, I’ll suit up again. For now, I think supplying Stark Industries with them to keep us afloat will suffice. But at the first sign of trouble I would very much enjoy going Robocop on a couple troublemakers.” Maya smiled at him before saying,
“I’m seeing what I can do to quit working for Killian. That’s the other reason I’m here. I would like to come work for Stark Industries.” Taken aback for a moment, Tony asked,
“Now why would you do that?” Which was met by Hansen kissing him on the cheek before walking away, prompting Tony to ask again, “Now why would you do THAT?”
“Because when it boils down to it Stark, you’re a much better man than Killian will ever be. So don’t take him too seriously. He knows the man you ‘re becoming…and I think he’s scared of it.” As Maya exited the room, Tony walked to Rhodes, saying,
“So I guess this is the time where we come up with the names.”
“Names?” Rhodes asked. Tony walked to a small refrigerator he had installed nearby and pulled out two drinks as he replied,
“If we’re going to be using the suits, we’re going to need codenames.” Tony handed a drink to Rhodes before the two sat down in chairs in front of the Mark II. They sat in thought for a moment before Rhodes blurted out,
“I call Cyborg. That name’s badass!” Tony laughed for a moment, saying,
“We’ll think about that one. Maybe I’ll be…the Avenger? Nah...”
“Mega Man?” Rhodes suggested.
“Now I’m certain that one’s taken.” Tony replied with another laugh. The two laughed as for a moment before Rhodes said,
“I’m not sure if we’re friends Tony. I mean I’ve only known…this version of you for barely a month now. But I want you to know that you’re the closest thing I have to a friend. I never got to say that in China before everything went haywire so I wanted to say it now.” Tony smiled and nodded, raising his drink as he said,
“Let’s have a toast,” Rhodes raised his drink as well, both meeting in front of the Mark II as Tony finished, “A toast to new found friendship, and my ‘iron men’.” The two then took drinks from their respective cans before Rhodes said,
“Now that’s a good name.” Tony nodded before saying,
“Iron Man? Eh. I’ll consider it.”
This shows dominant positive volume because with one of Christina's hands being extended while her body is shifted to the right gives the photo a sense of substance and weight, when Christina finally hears a knock at the door!
A full interview with the Israeli painter Raphael Perez (in Hebrew Rafi Peretz) about the ideas behind the naive painting, resume, personal biography and CV
Question: Raphael Perez Tell us about your work process as a naive painter?
Answer: I choose the most iconic and famous buildings in every city and town that are architecturally interesting and have a special shape and place the iconic buildings on boulevards full of trees, bushes, vegetation, flowers.
Question: How do you give depth in your naive paintings?
Answer: To give depth to the painting, I build the painting with layers of vegetation, after those low famous buildings, followed by a tall avenue of trees, and behind them towers and skyscrapers, in the sky I sometimes put innocent signs of balloons, kites.
A recurring motif in some of my paintings is the figure of the painter who is in the center of the boulevard and paints the entire scene unfolding in front of him, also there are two kindergarten teachers who are walking with the kindergarten children with the state flags that I paint, and loving couples hugging and kissing and family paintings of mother, father and child walking in harmony on the boulevard.
Question: Raphael Perez What characterizes your naive painting?
Answer: Most naive paintings have the same characteristics
(Definition as it appears in Wikipedia)
• Tells a simple story to absorb from everyday life, usually with humans.
• The representation of the painter's idealization to reality - the mapping of reality.
• Failure to maintain perspective - especially details even in distant details.
• Extensive use of repeating patterns - many details.
• Warm and bright colors.
• Sometimes the emphasis is on outlines.
• Most of the characters are flat, lack volume
• No interest in texture, expression, correct proportions
• No interest in anatomy.
• There is not much use of light and shadow, the colors create a three-dimensional effect.
I find these definitions to be valid for all my naive paintings
Question: Raphael Perez Why do you mainly choose the city of Tel Aviv?
Answer: I was born in Jerusalem, the capital city which I love very much and also paint,
I love the special Bauhaus buildings in Tel Aviv, the ornamental buildings that were built a century ago in the 1920s and 1930s, the beautiful boulevards, towers and modern skyscrapers give you the feeling of the hustle and bustle of a large metropolis and there are quite a few low and tall buildings that are architecturally fascinating in their form the special one
Also, the move to Tel Aviv, which is the capital of culture, freedom, and secularism, allowed me to live my life as I chose, to live in a relationship with a man, Jerusalem, which is a traditional city, it is more complicated to live a homosexual life, also, the art world takes place mainly in the city of Tel Aviv, and it is possible that from a professional point of view, this allows I can support myself better in Tel Aviv than in any other city in Israel.
Question: raphael perez are the paintings of the city of Tel Aviv different from the paintings of the city of Jerusalem
Answer: Most of the paintings of Jerusalem have an emphasis on the color yellow, gold, the color of the old city walls, the subjects I painted in Jerusalem are mainly a type of idealization of a peaceful life between Jews and Arabs and paintings that deal with the Jewish religious world, a number of paintings depict all shades of the currents of Judaism of today
In contrast, the Tel Aviv paintings are more colorful, with skyscrapers, the sea, balloons and more secular motifs
Question: Raphael Perez Tell us about which buildings and their architects you usually choose in your city paintings
Answer: My favorite buildings are those that have a special shape that anyone can recognize and are the symbols of the city and you will give several examples:
In the city of Tel Aviv, my favorite buildings are: the opera building with its unusual geometric shape, the Yisrotel tower with its special head, the Hail Bo Shalom tower that for years was the symbol of the tallest building in Tel Aviv, the Levin house that looks like a Japanese pagoda, the burgundy-colored Nordeau hotel with the special dome at the end of the building, A pair of Alon towers with the special structure of the sea, Bauhaus buildings typical of Tel Aviv with the special balconies and the special staircase, the Yaakov Agam fountain in Dizengoff square appears in a large part of the paintings, many towers that are in the stock exchange complex, the Aviv towers and other tall buildings on Ayalon, in some of the paintings I took plans An outline of future buildings that need to be built in the city and I drew them even before they were built in reality,
In the paintings of Jerusalem, I mainly chose the area of the Old City and East Jerusalem, a painting of the walls of the Old City, the Western Wall, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the El Akchea Mosque, the Tower of David, most of the famous churches in the city, the right hand of Moses, in most of the paintings the Jew is wearing a blue shirt with a red male cord I was in the youth movement and the Arab with a galabia, and in the paintings of the religious public then, Jews with black suits and white shirts, tallitas, kippahs, special hats, synagogues and more
I also created three paintings of the city of Haifa and one painting of Safed
In the Haifa paintings I drew the university, the Technion, the famous Egged Tower, the Sail Tower, well-known hotels, of course the Baha'i Gardens and the Baha'i Temple, Haifa Port and the boats and other famous buildings in the city
Question: Have you created series of other cities from around the world?
Answer: I created series of New York City with all the iconic and famous buildings such as: the Guggenheim Museum, the famous skyscrapers - the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building, Lincoln Center, the famous synagogue in the city, the Statue of Liberty, the flags of the United States and other famous buildings
Two paintings of London and all its famous sites, Big Ben, famous monuments, the Ferris wheel, Queen Elizabeth and her family, the double bus, the famous public telephone, palaces, famous churches, well-known monuments
I created 4 naive paintings of cities in China, a painting of Shanghai, two paintings of the city of Suzhou and a painting of the World Park in the city of Beijing... I chose the famous skyline of Shanghai with all the famous towers, the famous promenade, temples and old buildings, two Paintings of the city of Suzhou with the famous canals, bridges, special gardens, towers and skyscrapers of the city
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רפי פרץ צייר אמן ישראלי עכשווי מודרני הצייר הישראלי העכשווי המודרני אמנות ישראלית עכשווית מודרנית האמנות הישראלית העכשווית המודרנית אומנות העכשוויות הישראליות העכשוויות המודרניות ציור ציורים הציור הציורים וציור וציורים לציור לציורים מציור מציורים מצייר מציירים ומצייר ומציירים שמצייר שמציירים נאיבי נאיבית נאיביית נאיביים הנאיביים הנאיבי הנאיבית והנאיבית והנאיבי של עם גדול גדולים הגדול הגדולים והגדול והגדולים תערוכה תערוכות התערוכה התערוכות והתערוכה והתערוכה לתערוכה לתערוכות גלריה גלריות והגלריה והגלריות הגלריה הגלריות לגלריה לגלריות מהגלריה מהגלריות אדום כתום צהוב ירוק כחול סגול שחור לבן האדום הכתום הצהוב הירוק הכחול השחור הסגול הלבן שחורים לבנים אדומים כתומים צהובים ירוקים סגולים האדומים הכתומים הצהובים הירוקים הסגולים השחורים הלבנים צבעים צבע הצבעים הצבע בצבעים בצבע לצבע לצבעים והצבע והצבעים צובע צובעים הצובע הצובעים האמן האמנים האומנים לאמנים לאומנים והאומנים ציירים הציירים והציירים לציירים מהציירים מהאמנים אומנות האמנות באמנות לאמנות ואמנות באומנות לאומנות והאומנות אמנותי האמנות האומנותי האומנות תערוכה תערוכות התערוכה התערוכות הגלריה הגלריות בגלריה בגלריות והגלריה והגלריות מהגלריה מהגלריות מהתערוכה מהתערוכות חדש חדשני החדש החדשני חדשנית החדשנית מקורי המקורי המקורית מקורית מיוחד המיוחד המיוחדים מיוחדים בניינים הבניינים מבנים מבנה בניין הבניין אתרים האתרים המפורסמים המפורסם מפורסם מפורסמים בישראל ישראל וישראל תל אביב תלאביב בתל בתלאביב ותל מתל אור האור באור מתיילד ילדותי הילדותי המתיילד ילד תלאביבי אביבי שמח השמח
אופטימי האופטימי שמחים השמחים האופטימיים האופטימיים מלאי בציורי ציורי יוצר היוצר יוצרים היוצרים והיוצר והיוצרים
וציורי לציורי מציורי רחובות רחוב הרחובות הרחוב אורבני האורבני אקריליק באקריליק על בד קנווס קנבס קנוס בקנווס בדים נוף נופים הנוף הנופים לנוף לנופים מהנוף מהנופים נופי בנופי חזקים עזים החזקים העזים לבית לסלון למשרד בית סלון משרד לבתים למשרדים משרדים בתים למכירה מכירה המכירה מכירות מוכר המוכר קונה הקונה קונים הקונים בקנייה במכירה פומבית הפומבית לרכוש רכוש ברכישה ישירה ישיר מהאמן עיר העיר ערים הערים
naivna umetnost slikarstvo folk slikar umetnik ingênuo arte pintura folk pintor artista наивное искусство живопись народный художник художник naïf art peinture folk peintre artiste saf sanat boyama halk ressam sanatçı ingenuo artista pittore folk pittore Kunst Malerei Volksmaler Künstler naïeve kunst schilderij folk schilder kunstenaar raphael perez rafi peretz israeli painter artist painters artists artwork artworks fine art naive naife naif naiv folk urban landscape cityscape colorful colorist colorfull fun happy israel urbanic picture pictures image flickr flickriver hive mind interesting tagged bizmakebiz photos images lage big size tel aviv painting paintings beautiful amazing famous
STEWART, James. Cálculo: volume 2. [Calculus - early transcendentals, 4th ed. (inglês)]. Tradução de Antonio Carlos Moretti e Antonio Carlos Gilli Martins. 4 ed. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2002. v. 2. xxv, [580-1151]. ISBN 852210235X. Contém respostas dos exercícios; Inclui índice; il. graf. tab.; 21x26cm.
Palavras-chave: CALCULO.
CDU 517 / S849c / v. 2 / 4 ed. / 2002
LAKE KIVU
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lake Kivu
Coordinates 2°0′S 29°0′ECoordinates: 2°0′S 29°0′E
Type Rift Valley lakes, Meromictic
Primary outflows Ruzizi River
Catchment area 2,700 km2 (1,000 sq mi)
Basin countries Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Max. length 89 km (55 mi)[1]
Max. width 48 km (30 mi)[1]
Surface area 2,700 km2 (1,040 sq mi)[1]
Average depth 240 m (787 ft)
Max. depth 480 m (1,575 ft)
Water volume 500 km3 (120 cu mi)
Surface elevation 1,460 m (4,790 ft)
Islands Idjwi
Settlements Goma, Congo
Bukavu, Congo
Kibuye, Rwanda
Cyangugu, Rwanda
Lake Kivu with Goma in the background
Lake Kivu is one of the African Great Lakes. It lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift. Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which flows southwards into Lake Tanganyika. The name comes from kivu which means "lake" in some Bantu languages, just like the words tanganyika or nyanza.[citation needed]
Contents
1 History
2 Geography
3 Chemistry
3.1 Methane extraction
4 Biology and fisheries
5 See also
6 References
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012)
People on the shore at Gisenyi
The first European to visit the lake was German Count Adolf von Götzen in 1894. Since then it has been caught up in the conflict between Hutu and Tutsi people in Rwanda, and their allies in DR Congo, which led to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and the First and Second Congo Wars. Lake Kivu gained notoriety as a place where many of the victims of the genocide were dumped.
Geography
The lake covers a total surface area of some 2,700 km2 (1,040 sq mi) and stands at a height of 1,460 metres (4,790 ft) above sea level. Some 1 370 km2 or 58% of the lake's waters lie within DRC borders. The lake bed sits upon a rift valley that is slowly being pulled apart, causing volcanic activity in the area, and making it particularly deep: its maximum depth of 480 m (1,575 ft) is ranked eighteenth in the world.
The world's tenth-largest inland island, Idjwi, lies in Lake Kivu, as does the tiny island of Tshegera, which also lies within the boundaries of Virunga National Park; while settlements on its shore include Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake, and Goma in Congo, and Gisenyi, Kibuye, and Cyangugu in Rwanda.
Chemistry
Lake Kivu is a fresh water lake and, along with Cameroonian Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun, is one of three that experience limnic eruptions. Around the lake, geologists found evidence of massive biological extinctions about every thousand years, caused by outgassing events. The trigger for lake overturns in Lake Kivu's case is unknown, but volcanic activity is suspected. The gaseous chemical composition of exploding lakes is unique to each lake; in Lake Kivu's case, methane and carbon dioxide due to lake water interaction with a volcano. The amount of methane is estimated to be 65 cubic kilometers (if burnt over one year, it would give an average power of about 100 gigawatts for the whole period). There is also an estimated 256 cubic kilometers of carbon dioxide. The water temperature is 24°C, and the pH level is about 8.6.[2] The methane is reported to be produced by microbial reduction of the volcanic CO2.[3] The risk from a possible Lake Kivu overturn is catastrophic, dwarfing other documented lake overturns at Lakes Nyos and Monoun, because of the approximately two million people living in the lake basin.
Cores from the Bukavu Bay area of the lake reveal that the bottom has layered deposits of the rare mineral monohydrocalcite interlain with diatoms, on top of sapropelic sediments with high pyrite content. These are found at three different intervals. The sapropelic layers are believed to be related to hydrothermal discharge and the diatoms to a bloom which reduced the carbon dioxide levels low enough to precipitiate monohydrocalcite.[4]
Scientists hypothesize that sufficient volcanic interaction with the lake's bottom water that has high gas concentrations would heat water, force the methane out of the water, spark a methane explosion, and trigger a nearly simultaneous release of carbon dioxide.[5][6] The carbon dioxide would then suffocate large numbers of people in the lake basin as the gases roll off the lake surface. It is also possible that the lake could spawn lake tsunamis as gas explodes out of it.[7][8]
The risk posed by Lake Kivu began to be understood during the analysis of more recent events at Lake Nyos. Lake Kivu's methane was originally thought to be merely a cheap natural resource for export, and for the generation of cheap power. Once the mechanisms that caused lake overturns began to be understood, so did awareness of the risk the lake posed to the local population.
An experimental vent pipe was installed at Lake Nyos in 2001 to remove gas from the deep water, but such a solution for the much larger Lake Kivu would be considerably more expensive. No plan has been initiated to reduce the risk posed by Lake Kivu.[dubious – discuss] The approximately 500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in the lake is a little under 2 percent of the amount released annually by human fossil fuel burning. Therefore the process of releasing it could potentially have costs beyond building and operating the system.
Methane extraction
Methane extraction platform.
Lake Kivu has recently been found to contain approximately 55 billion cubic metres (1.94 trillion cubic feet) of dissolved biogas at a depth of 300 metres (1,000 ft). Until 2004, extraction of the gas was done on a small scale, with the extracted gas being used to run boilers at a brewery, the Bralirwa brewery in Gisenyi.[9][10] As far as large-scale exploitation of this resource is concerned, the Rwandan government has negotiated with a number of parties to produce methane from the lake.
In 2011 ContourGlobal, a U.S. based energy company focused on emerging markets, secured project financing to initiate a large-scale methane extraction project. The project will be run through a local Rwandan entity called KivuWatt, using an offshore barge platform to extract, separate, and clean the gasses obtained from the lake bed before pumping purified methane via an underwater pipeline to on-shore gas engines. Stage one of the project aims to build and supply three "gensets" along the lake shore, totaling 25MW of electrical capacity. Initial project operations are scheduled to commence in 2012.[11] In addition to managing gas extraction, KivuWatt will also manage the electrical generation plants and on-sell the electrical power to the Rwandan government under the terms of a long-term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). This allows KivuWatt to control a vertically integrated energy offering from point of extraction to point of sale into the local grid. Extraction is said to be cost-effective and relatively simple because once the gas-rich water is pumped up, the dissolved gases (primarily carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and methane) begin to bubble out as the water pressure gets lower. This project is expected to increase Rwanda's energy generation capability by as much as 20 times, and will enable Rwanda to sell electricity to neighboring African countries.[10] The firm was awarded the 2011 Africa Power deal of the year for innovation in the financing arrangements it obtained from various sources for the KivuWatt project. [12] .[13]
A problem associated with the prevalence of methane is that of mazuku.
Biology and fisheries
Fishing boats on Lake Kivu, 2009.
Reflection of the sky on Lake Kivu
The fish fauna in Lake Kivu is relatively poor with 28 species, including four introduced species.[14] The natives are the Lake Rukwa minnow (Raiamas moorii), four species of Barbus (B. altianalis, B. apleurogramma, B. kerstenii and B. pellegrini), an Amphilius catfish, two Clarias catfish (C. liocephalus and C. gariepinus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 15 endemic Haplochromis cichlids.[14] The introduced species are three cichlids, the longfin tilapia (Oreochromis macrochir), O. leucostictus and redbreast tilapia (Coptodon rendalli), and a clupeid, the Lake Tanganyika sardine, Limnothrissa miodon.[14]
The exploitable stock of the Lake Tanganyika sardine was estimated at 2000–4000 tons per year.[15] It was introduced to Lake Kivu in the late 1959 by a Belgian Engineer A. Collart. At present, Lake Kivu is the sole natural lake in which L. miodon, a sardine originally restricted to Lake Tanganyika, has been introduced initially to fill an empty niche. Prior to the introduction, no planktivorous fish was present in the pelagic waters of Lake Kivu. In the early 1990s, the number of fishers on the lake was 6,563, of which 3,027 were associated with the pelagic fishery and 3,536 with the traditional fishery. Widespread armed conflict in the surrounding region from the mid-1990s resulted in a decline in the fisheries harvest.[16]
Following this introduction, the sardine has gained substantial economic and nutritional importance for the lakeside human population but from an ecosystem standpoint, the introduction of planktivorous fish may result in important modifications of plankton community structure. Recent observations showed the disappearance during the last decades of a large grazer, Daphnia curvirostris, and the dominance of mesozooplankton community by three species of cyclopoid copepod: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis and Tropocyclops confinis.[17][18]
The first comprehensive phytoplankton survey was released in 2006.[19] With an annual average chlorophyll a in the mixed layer of 2.2 mg m-3 and low nutrient levels in the euphotic zone, the lake is clearly oligotrophic. Diatoms are the dominant group in the lake, particularly during the dry season episodes of deep mixing. During the rainy season, the stratified water column, with high light and lower nutrient availability, favour dominance of cyanobacteria with high numbers of phototrophic picoplankton.[19][20][21][22] The actual primary production is 0.71 g C m-2 d-1 (~ 260 g C m-2 y-1).[23]
A study of evolutionary genetics showed that the cichlids from lakes in northern Virunga (e.g., Edward, George, Victoria) would have evolved in a "proto-lake Kivu", much older than the intense volcanic activity (20,000-25,000 years ago) which cut the connection.[24] The elevation of the mountains west of the lake (which is currently the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, one of the largest reserves of eastern lowland (or Grauer's) gorillas in the world), combined with the elevation of the eastern rift (located in eastern Rwanda) would be responsible for drainage of water from central Rwanda in the actual Lake Kivu. This concept of "proto-lake Kivu" was challenged by lack of consistent geological evidence,[25] although the cichlid's molecular clock suggests the existence of a lake much older than the commonly cited 15,000 years.
Lake Kivu is the home of four species of freshwater crab, including two non-endemics (Potamonautes lirrangensis and P. mutandensis) and two endemics (P. bourgaultae and P. idjwiensis).[26] Among Rift Valley lakes, Lake Tanganyika is the only other with endemic freshwater crabs.[26]
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Family : Myrtaceae
Tree No. 4 - Benaroon - Middle Brother National Park, Johns River, Mid North Coast, NSW,
I visited Middle Brother National Park and the site of the Bird Tree Picnic Area on January 17th 2011 and was amazed by the size and volume of several Eucalyptus pilularis (Blackbutt) trees at the site. Two of the 4 largest trees seen appeared to be senescent.
I believe the tree photographed above with a protective timber platform around its massive base is the tree known as 'Benaroon''. I paced out its diameter and it was near 5 metres across at ground level. This tree is about 40 metres down the hill just above the wetter, bottom of the gully or possibly small creek and may not be found by visitors who do not follow the trail a little. Bangalow palms are in growing all around these trees.
All the trees here are Blackbutts (Eucalyptus pilularis), a species which can grow in excess of 70 metres with a record at Bulli in the Illawarra of 85 metres.
The first tree you see immediately you get out of your car is the 'Bird Tree' (Tree No.1 ) It does appear to be senescent.
The National Tree Register records the 'Bird Tree' as being 54 metres high but Wikipedia states it is 69 metres high.The 'Bird Tree' is fenced off with a sign warning of danger from falling branches.
A second big tree (Tree No. 2) is about 30 metres up the track leading to the right of the carpark is also a big tree and is readily identified by its very large almost buttressed root.
The third tree (Tree No. 3) is a little further along the track and is also senescent but its former volume could well have been greater than either the 'Bird Tree' or 'Benaroon' before fire burnt out the centre. It is possible to stand half a dozen people in the centre of the tree which is split but standing tall nevertheless.
'Benaroon' (Tree No. 4) is accessed by following the track another 40 metres down the hill where the massive tree is easily recognised being surrounded by a timber platform to protect the tree from foot born disease such as Phytopthora cinnamomi as well as root zone compaction.
According to Wikipedia Benaroon is 64 metres tall and 4.1 metres diameter at breast height. Bird Tree, nearby is 69 metres tall 3.59 metres diameter at breast height. The National Tree Register records the 'Bird Tree as 54 metres tall.
The Bird Tree and nearby Benaroon are regarded as two of the largest Eucalyptus pilularis (Blackbutt) trees by volume in Australia.
Not far from the Bird Tree/Benaroon site is a large Eucalyptus grandis tree known as The Big Fella Gum Tree (67.3 metres tall)