Values photos on Flickr

Flag of the United States by crosstrippin

1 4

~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~

The flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states and the 13 stripes represent the original Thirteen Colonies that rebelled against the British Crown and became the first states in the Union.[1] Nicknames for the flag include the stars and stripes, Old Glory,[2] the American flag, and the star-spangled banner (also the name of the country's official national anthem).

Because of its symbolism, the starred blue canton is called the "union". This part of the national flag can stand alone as a maritime flag called the Union Jack.

Symbolism

The flag of the United States is one of the nation's widely recognized and used symbols. Within the U.S. it is frequently displayed, not only on public buildings, but on private residences, as well as iconically in forms such as decals for car windows, and clothing ornaments such as badges and lapel pins. Throughout the world it is used in public discourse to refer to the U.S., both as a nation state, government, and set of policies, but also as an ideology and set of ideas.

Many understand the flag to represent the freedoms and rights guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights and perhaps most of all to be a symbol of individual and personal liberty as set forth in the Declaration of Independence. The flag is a complex and contentious symbol, around which emotions run high.

Apart from the numbers of stars and stripes representing the number of current and original states, respectively, and the union with its stars representing a constellation, there is no legally defined symbolism to the colors and shapes on the flag. However, folk theories and traditions abound; for example, that the stripes refer to rays of sunlight and that the stars refer to the heavens, the highest place that a person could aim to reach.[4] Tradition holds that George Washington proclaimed: "We take the stars from Heaven, the red from our mother country, separating it by white stripes, thus showing that we have separated from her, and the white stripes shall go down to posterity representing Liberty."

Design

Specification

The basic design of the current flag is specified by 4 U.S.C. § 1; 4 U.S.C. § 2 outlines the addition of new stars to represent new states. The specification gives the following values:

* Hoist (width) of the flag: A = 1.0

* Fly (length) of the flag: B = 1.9[6]

* Hoist (width) of the Union: C = 0.5385 (A x 7/13, spanning seven stripes)

* Fly (length) of the Union: D = 0.76 (B × 2/5, two fifths of the flag length)

* E = F = 0.0538 (C/10, One tenth the height of the field of stars)

* G = H = 0.0633 (D/12, One twelfth the width of the field of stars)

* Diameter of star: K = 0.0616

* Width of stripe: L = 0.0769 (A/13, One thirteenth of the flag width)

Colors

The exact shades of red, white, and blue to be used in the flag are specified as follows:

Dark Red 70180 193 C #BF0A30 (191,10,48)

White 70001 Safe #FFFFFF (255,255,255)

Navy Blue 70075 281 C #002868 (0,40,104)

The 49- and 50-star unions

When Alaska and Hawaii were being considered for statehood in the 1950s, more than 1,500 designs were spontaneously submitted to President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Although some of them were 49-star versions, the vast majority were 50-star proposals. At least three, and probably more, of these designs were identical to the present design of the 50-star flag.[10] At the time, credit was given by the Executive Department to the United States Army Institute of Heraldry for the design.

Of these proposals, one created by 18-year old Robert G. Heft in 1958 as a school project has received the most publicity. His mother was a seamstress, but refused to do any of the work for him. He originally received a B- for the project. After discussing the grade with his teacher, it was agreed (somewhat jokingly) that if the flag was accepted by Congress, the grade would be reconsidered. Heft's flag design was chosen and adopted by presidential proclamation after Alaska and before Hawaii was admitted into the union in 1959. He got an A.

Decoration

Traditionally, the flag may be decorated with golden fringe surrounding the perimeter of the flag as long as it does not deface the flag proper. Ceremonial displays of the flag, such as those in parades or on indoor posts, often utilize fringe to enhance the beauty of the flag. The first recorded use of fringe on a flag dates from 1835, and the Army used it officially in 1895. No specific law governs the legality of fringe, but a 1925 opinion of the attorney general addresses the use of fringe (and the number of stars) "...is at the discretion of the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy..." as quoted from footnote in previous volumes of Title 4 of the United States Code law books and is a source for claims that such a flag is a military ensign not civilian. However, according to the Army Institute of Heraldry, which has official custody of the flag designs and makes any change ordered, there are no implications of symbolism in the use of fringe.

Flag etiquette

Main article: United States Flag Code

The United States Flag Code outlines certain guidelines for the use, display, and disposal of the flag. For example, the flag should never be dipped to any person or thing, unless it is the ensign responding to a salute from a ship of a foreign nation. (This tradition comes from the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, where countries were asked to dip their flag to King Edward VII: the American team captain Martin Sheridan refused, famously proclaiming that "this flag dips to no earthly king."[13]). The flag should never be allowed to touch the ground and, if flown at night, must be illuminated. If the edges become tattered through wear, the flag should be repaired or replaced. When a flag is so tattered that can no longer serve as a symbol of the United States, it should be destroyed in a dignified manner, preferably by burning. The American Legion and other organizations regularly conduct dignified flag-burning ceremonies, often on Flag Day, June 14. It is a common myth that if a flag touches the ground or a flag that is soiled must be burned as well. While a flag that is currently touching the ground and a soiled flag are unfit for display, neither situation is permanent and thus the flag does not need to be burned if the unfit situation is remedied. [14]

Although US Flag Code states that "The flag should not be used as part of a costume or athletic uniform, except that a flag patch may be used on the uniform of military personnel, firefighters, police officers, and members of patriotic organizations", many athletic teams have worn the flag as a part of their uniform. Notably, Major League Baseball placed the flag on the back of all uniforms following the 9/11 attacks, and the US team in the 2006 World Baseball Classic wore a flag patch on their left sleeve. For Independence Day and 9/11 2008, with the exception of the Toronto Blue Jays, All MLB teams will wear navy-blue versions of their hats, with an American flag imposed inside their own logo.

Although the Flag Code is U.S. Federal law, there is no penalty for failure to comply with the Flag Code and it is not widely enforced—indeed, punitive enforcement would conflict with the First Amendment right to freedom of speech. Passage of the proposed Flag Desecration Amendment would overrule legal precedent that has been established in this area.

Folding the flag

Though not part of the official Flag Code, according to military custom flags should be folded into a triangular shape when not in use. (The Philippines, a former American territory, also has this custom for folding its flag.) To properly fold the flag:

1. Begin by holding it waist-high with another person so that its surface is parallel to the ground.

2. Fold the lower half of the stripe section lengthwise over the field of stars, holding the bottom and top edges securely.

3. Fold the flag again lengthwise with the blue field on the outside.

4. Make a rectangular fold then a triangular fold by bringing the striped corner of the folded edge to meet the open top edge of the flag. Starting the fold from the left side over to the right

5. Turn the outer end point inward, parallel to the open edge, to form a second triangle.

6. The triangular folding is continued until the entire length of the flag is folded in this manner (usually thirteen triangular folds, as shown at right). On the final fold, any remnant that does not neatly fold into a triangle (or in the case of exactly even folds, the last triangle) is tucked into the previous fold.

7. When the flag is completely folded, only a triangular blue field of stars should be visible.

Display

The flag is customarily flown year-round at most public buildings, and it is not unusual to find private houses flying full-size flags. Some private use is year-round, but becomes widespread on civic holidays like Memorial Day, Veterans Day, Presidents' Day, Flag Day, and on Independence Day. On Memorial Day it is common to place small flags by war memorials and next to the graves of U.S. war veterans.

Places of continuous display

By presidential proclamation, acts of Congress, and custom, American flags are displayed continuously at certain locations.

* Replicas of the Star Spangled Banner Flag (15 stars, 15 stripes) are flown at two sites in Baltimore, Maryland: Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine (Presidential Proclamation No. 2795, July 2, 1948) and Flag House Square (Public Law 83-319, approved March 26, 1954).

* United States Marine Corps War Memorial (Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima), Arlington, Virginia (Presidential Proclamation No. 3418, June 12, 1961).

* Lexington, Massachusetts Town Green (Public Law 89-335, approved November 8, 1965).

* The White House, Washington, DC (Presidential Proclamation No. 4000, September 4, 1970).

* Fifty U.S. Flags are displayed continuously at the Washington Monument, Washington, DC. (Presidential Proclamation No. 4064, July 6, 1971, effective July 4, 1971).

* By order of Richard Nixon at United States Customs Service Ports of Entry that are continuously open (Presidential Proclamation No. 4131, May 5, 1972).

* By Congressional decree, a Civil War era flag (for the year 1863) flies above Pennsylvania Hall (Old Dorm) at Gettysburg College. This building, occupied by both sides at various points of the Battle of Gettysburg, served as a lookout and battlefield hospital.

* Grounds of the National Memorial Arch in Valley Forge NHP, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania (Public Law 94-53, approved July 4, 1975).

* Mount Slover limestone quarry (Colton Liberty Flag), in Colton, California (Act of Congress). First raised July 4, 1917.[15]

* Washington Camp Ground, part of the former Middlebrook encampment, Bridgewater, New Jersey, Thirteen Star Flag, by Act of Congress.

* By custom, at the Maryland home, birthplace, and grave of Francis Scott Key; at the Worcester, Massachusetts war memorial; at the plaza in Taos, New Mexico (since 1861); at the United States Capitol (since 1918); and at Mount Moriah Cemetery in Deadwood, South Dakota.

* On the south pole, in the center of the Antarctic, an American flag is posted separate from the cluster of worldwide flags.

* In addition, the American flag is on continuous display on the surface of the Moon, having been placed there by the astronauts of Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, and Apollo 17. It is possible that Apollo 11's flag was knocked down by the exhaust force of liftoff for return to lunar orbit.

Particular days of display

The flag should especially be displayed at full staff on the following days:

* January 1 - New Year's Day

* January 20 - Inauguration Day

* February 12 - Lincoln's Birthday

* Third Monday in February - Presidents' Day, originally Washington's birthday

* Third Saturday in May - Armed Forces Day

* Last Monday in May - Memorial Day (half-staff until noon)

* June 14 - Flag Day

* July 4 - Independence Day

* First Monday in September - Labor Day

* September 11 - Patriot Day

* September 17 - Constitution Day

* Second Monday in October - Columbus Day

* October 27 - Navy Day

* November 11 - Veterans Day

* Fourth Thursday in November - Thanksgiving Day

* and such other days as may be proclaimed by the President of the United States; the birthdays of States (date of admission); and on State holidays.

When Displaying the flag at half staff

The US Flag is displayed at half staff as a sign of respect or mourning. Nationwide, this action is proclaimed by the president of the United States; state-wide or territory-wide, the proclamation is made by the governor. In addition, there is no prohibition against municipal governments, private businesses or citizens flying the flag at half staff as a local sign of respect and mourning. President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first proclamation on March 1, 1954 standardizing the dates and time periods for flying the flag at half staff from all federal buildings, grounds, and naval vessels; other congressional resolutions and presidential proclamations ensued. However, they are only guidelines to all other entities: typically followed at state and local government facilities, and encouraged of private businesses and citizens. It is worthy of note that the rules regarding the display of the flag are the "Flag Code", not the Flag Law or Flag Act: there are no legal penalties for flying the flag at half staff (or upside down) improperly.

To properly fly the US flag at half staff, the protocol is to first hoist it briskly to full staff, then reverently (slowly) lower it to half-staff. Similarly, when the flag is to be lowered from half staff, it should be first hoisted briskly to full staff, then lowered reverently to the base of the flagpole.

Federal guidelines state the flag should be flown at half staff at the following dates/times:

* May 15 - Peace Officers Memorial Day

* Last Monday in May - Memorial Day (until noon)

* July 27 - Korean War Veterans Day

* September 11 - Patriot Day[16]

* December 7 - Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day

* For 30 days - Death of a US President or former President

* For 10 days - Death of a US Vice President, Supreme Court Chief Justice/retired Chief Justice, or Speaker of the House of Representatives.

* From death until the day of interment - US Supreme Court Associate Justice, member of the Cabinet, former Vice President, President pro-tempore of the Senate, or the majority and minority leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives. Also for federal facilities within a state or territory, for the governor.

* On the day after the death - US Senators, Members of Congress, territorial delegates or the resident commissioner of the commonwealth of Puerto Rico

History

See also: Timeline of the Flag of the United States

The flag has been changed 26 times since the new, 13-state union adopted it. The 48-star version went unchanged for 47 years, the longest time the flag went unmodified until July 4, 2007, when the current 50-star flag broke the record.

First flag

At the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776, the United States had no official national flag. The Grand Union Flag has historically been referred to as the "First National Flag"; although it has never had any official status, it was used throughout the American Revolutionary War by George Washington and formed the basis for the design of the first official US flag.

This flag is properly considered the de facto first naval ensign of the United States. It was first raised aboard Continental Navy Commodore Esek Hopkins' flagship Alfred on the Delaware River on December 3, 1775,[17] possibly (according to his claim) by the ship's senior lieutenant John Paul Jones.

The origins of the design are unclear. It closely resembles the British East India Company (BEIC) flag of the same era, and an argument dating to Sir Charles Fawcett in 1937 holds that the BEIC flag indeed inspired the design.[18] However, the BEIC flag could have from 9 to 13 stripes, and was not allowed to be flown outside the Indian Ocean.[19] Both flags could have been easily constructed by adding white stripes to a British Red Ensign, a common flag throughout Britain and its colonies.

Another theory holds that the red-and-white stripe—and later, stars-and-stripes—motif of the flag may have been based on the Washington family coat-of-arms, which consisted of a shield "argent, two bars gules, above, three mullets gules" (a white shield with two red bars below three red stars).[20]

More likely it was based on a flag of the Sons of Liberty, one of which consisted of 13 red and white alternating horizontal stripes.

See also: Flags of the American Revolution

The Flag Resolution of 1777

On June 14, 1777, the Marine Committee of the Second Continental Congress passed the Flag Resolution which stated: "Resolved, That the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation."[21] Flag Day is now observed on June 14 of each year. A false tradition holds that the new flag was first hoisted in June of 1777 by the Continental Army at the Middlebrook encampment.[22]

The 1777 resolution was probably meant to define a naval ensign, rather than a national flag. It appears between other resolutions from the Marine Committee. On 10 May 1779 Secretary of the Board of War Richard Peters, Jr. expressed concern "it is not yet settled what is the Standard of the United States."[23]

The Flag Resolution did not specify any particular arrangement, number of points, nor orientation for the stars. The pictured flag shows thirteen outwardly-oriented five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, the so-called Betsy Ross flag. Although the Betsy Ross legend is not taken seriously by many historians, the design itself is the oldest version of any U.S. flag to appear on any physical relic[citation needed], since it is historically referenced in contemporary battlefield paintings by John Trumbull and Charles Willson Peale, which depict the circular star arrangement. Popular designs at the time were varied and most were individually crafted rather than mass-produced. Other examples of 13-star arrangements can be found on the Francis Hopkinson flag, the Cowpens flag, and the Brandywine flag. Given the scant archaeological and written evidence, it is unknown which design was the most popular at that time.

The origin of the stars and stripes design cannot be fully documented. A popular story credits Betsy Ross for sewing the first flag from a pencil sketch by George Washington who personally commissioned her for the job. However, no evidence for this theory exists beyond Ross' descendants' much later recollections of what she told her family. Another woman, Rebecca Young, has also been credited as having made the first flag by later generations of her family. Rebecca Young's daughter was Mary Pickersgill, who made the Star Spangled Banner Flag.

It is likely that Francis Hopkinson of New Jersey, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, designed the 1777 flag while he was the Chairman of the Continental Navy Board's Middle Department, sometime between his appointment to that position in November of 1776 and the time that the flag resolution was adopted in June of 1777. This contradicts the Betsy Ross legend, which suggests that she sewed the first Stars and Stripes flag by request of the government in the Spring of 1776.[21][24] Hopkinson was the only person to have made such a claim during his own lifetime, when he sent a bill to Congress for his work. He asked for a "Quarter Cask of the Public Wine" as payment initially. The payment was not made, however, because it was determined he had already received a salary as a member of Congress, and he was not the only person to have contributed to the design. It should be noted that no one else contested his claim at the time.

Later flag acts

In 1795, the number of stars and stripes was increased from 13 to 15 (to reflect the entry of Vermont and Kentucky as states of the union). For a time the flag was not changed when subsequent states were admitted, probably because it was thought that this would cause too much clutter. It was the 15-star, 15-stripe flag that inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner," now the national anthem.

On April 4, 1818, a plan was passed by Congress at the suggestion of U.S. Naval Captain Samuel C. Reid[25] in which the flag was changed to have 20 stars, with a new star to be added when each new state was admitted, but the number of stripes would remain at thirteen to honor the original colonies. The act specified that new flag designs should become official on the first July 4 (Independence Day) following admission of one or more new states. The most recent change, from 49 stars to 50, occurred in 1960 when the present design was chosen, after Hawaii gained statehood in August 1959. Before that, the admission of Alaska in January 1959 prompted the debut of a short-lived 49-star flag.

As of July 4, 2007, the 50-star flag has become the longest rendition in use.

First salute

The Netherlands was the first country to salute the Grand Union flag, when gun salutes by American ships were returned by officials on Dutch islands in the West Indies in late 1776: on St. Croix in October, and on St. Eustatius in November. (Though later, the better documented St. Eustatius incident involving the USS Andrew Doria is traditionally regarded as the "first salute".) France was the first country to salute the Stars and Stripes, when a fleet off the French mainland returned a gun salute by Captain John Paul Jones commanding USS Ranger on February 14, 1778.

Historical progression of designs

See also: List of U.S. states by date of statehood

In the following table depicting the 28 various designs of the United States flag, the star patterns for the flags are merely the usual patterns, often associated with the United States Navy. Canton designs, prior to the proclamation of the 48-star flag by President William Howard Taft on 29 October 1912, had no official arrangement of the stars. Furthermore, the exact colors of the flag were not standardized until 1934.

Future of the flag

The United States Army Institute of Heraldry has plans for flags with up to 56 stars, using a similar staggered star arrangement should additional states accede. There are political movements supporting statehood in Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, among other areas.

Non-standard flags

A number of non-standard flags appeared in the early years of American independence. One example is the design approximated here, of a flag traditionally believed to have been carried by the American troops at the Battle of Guilford Court House in 1781. This is disputed by some other historians who think it dates to the nineteenth century. The original flag is at the North Carolina Historical Museum.

Similar flags

The flag of Liberia bears a close resemblance, showing the ex–American-slave origin of the country. The Liberian flag has similar red and white stripes, though only 11 of them, as well as a blue square for the union, but with only a single large white star.

The flag of Malaysia also has a striking resemblance, with red and white stripes (14 total), and a blue canton, but displaying instead of stars a star and crescent emblem. This might be due, however, to the great influence of the British East India Company, rather than the later United States flag

The flag of Hawaii, in use since it was a kingdom in the 19th century, with eight stripes in red, white, and blue, and the British Union Flag in the canton, has some resemblance to the U.S. Grand Union Flag of the 18th century.

The flag of Amazonas was adopted by law No. 1513 of January 14, 1982. The 25 stars in the topleft corner represent the 25 municipalities which existed on August 4, 1897. The bigger star represents the capital Manaus. The two horizontal white bars represent hope, while the red bar in the middle represents the struggles overcome.

The flag of Ohio was adopted in 1902 and designed by John Eisemann. The large blue triangle represent Ohio's hills and valleys, and the stripes represent roads and waterways. 17 stars symbolize that Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the union. The white circle with its red center not only represents the first letter of the state name, but also its nickname "the Buckeye State".

The flag of Georgia was adopted on May 8, 2003. The flag has three red and white stripes, with the state coat of arms (taken from the state seal) on a blue field in the upper left corner. In the coat of arms, the arch symbolizes the state's Constitution and the pillars represent the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The words of the state motto, "Wisdom, Justice, Moderation," are wrapped around the pillars, guarded by a male figure dressed in Colonial attire like a soldier of the War of Independence, with a drawn sword representing the defense of the Constitution. An additional motto, In God We Trust, appears under these elements, though it is not part of the state seal nor coat of arms. The flag has thirteen stars, representing Georgia and the 12 other original states that formed the United States of America.

The flag of Piaui was created on 24 July 1922. The blue canton and a star represents the state itself and the green and yellow bars represent Piauí's union with Brazil. It is similar to an old flag of Brazil used for four days after the republican coup that established the United States of Brazil in November 1889.

The flags of Chile and of Texas have similar simplified designs, each with a single red and white stripe, and a "lone star" in the canton.

Today's Chile flag was conceived by Bernardo O'Higgins's Minister of War José Ignacio Zenteno and designed by Antonio Arcos, although some claim that is was Gregorio de Andía y Varela who drew it.

Though more dissimilar in appearance, the flag of Cuba was also inspired by the flag of the United States. Its origins date from 1849, when Cuban liberation movements emerged among Cuban exiles in the U.S.[28]

Another flag design tied to that of the U.S. flag is the flag of Puerto Rico. There are specific shades of red and blue for the construction of the flag, however there might be slight variations depending on the flag-flyer's political beliefs. The pro-independence groups use sky blue, while the pro-statehood groups use a darker shade of blue more similar to that of the U.S. flag. The official version uses an intermediate shade, so as not to take sides.

The green bars in the flag of Goiás symbolize the spring and the yellow bars gold. The blue rectangle in the topleft corner symbolizes the sky, with the five stars forming the constellation of the Southern Cross. The flag was adopted on July 30, 1919. It is a toned down version of the original Republican flag of Brazil, in itself not original.

(Multiple values) by Combat Camera / Caméra de combat

1

Members of the embarked Air Detachment onboard HMC FREDERICTON prepare the CH-148 Cyclone helicopter to be traversed to the flight deck to conduct maintenance ground run during Operation REASSURANCE on 26 February 2023 in the Mediterranean Sea.

Please credit: Cpl Noé Marchon, Canadian Armed Forces Photo

Des membres du détachement aérien embarqué à bord du NCSM FREDERICTON préparent l’hélicoptère CH-148 Cyclone pour le transférer sur le pont d’envol en vue d'effectuer les travaux de maintenance au sol au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 26 février 2023, dans la Méditerranée.

Photo : Cpl Noé Marchon, Forces armées canadiennes

Value by Dan Rawe

Value @ Bridgetown 3/22/14

Grocery Outlet & JoAnn Fabrics Hanover, PA by Coolcat4333

7

Grocery Outlet & Jo-Ann Fabrics Hanover, PA. Former Value City Department Store and Amelia's Grocery Outlet.

Value grid by Karen McBroom

VALUE by Phil

Value by Voluntary Amputation

2

Tesco tissues by Mark Hillary

Tissue box

12x16_INT by Karen Petitt

2

Value Quest poster Set 2

Data Value Hub by Una McGoey

2

Data Value Hub

“How can Artificial Intelligence enable growth for SMEs”? Looking forward to hearing presentation on this topic for local SME's. datavaluehub.com/about-us/

value by adrianacamargo4

1

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 13, Nos. 1-4, 1919 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

1

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 13, Nos. 1-4, 1919

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1919

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE vii

FRONTISPIECE:

Thomas Henry Huxley.

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Heart sounds and their value.

By Lieutenant Commander H. A. Hare, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F. . 1

Eliminating the epileptic from the navy.

By Lieutenant L. E. Bisch, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 6

The use of serum in lobar pneumonia.

By Lieutenant E. W. Gould, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F., and Lieutenant

M. Shaweker, Med. Corps, U. S. N 16

Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia and empyema.

By Commander F. A. Asserson, Med. Corps., U. S. N., and Lieutenant W.

L. Rathbun, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 26

Development of specific serum therapy in pneumonia.

By Lieutenant W. R. Redden, Med. Corps, U. S. N 36

Flatfoot.

By Lieutenant Commander L. R. G. Crandon, Med. Corps, U. S.N. R. F 43

Treatment of flat feet.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) S. B. Burk, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 46

Ear protection.

By Commander G. B. Trible and Lieutenant S. S. Watkins, Med.

Corps, U. S. N 48

HISTORICAL.

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895).

By Lieutenant Commander F. J. B. Cordeiro, Med. Corps, U. S.N., Ret 61

EDITORIAL.

Accuracy. —Military titles and military behavior. —Shell shock. 71

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Typhoid prophylaxis cards.

By Lieutenant Commander R. B. Henry, Med. Corps, U. S. N 77

A SURGICAL DRESSING TRAY FOR SHIPS.

By Lieutenant M. J. Price. Med. Corps, U. S. N 78

A USEFUL FLYTRAP.

By Lieutenant H. V. Hughens, Med. Corps, U. S. N 80

Scale for measuring flatfoot.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) B. Dunham, Med. Corps, U. S. N R. F 82

CLINICAL NOTES:

A CASE OF STATUS LYMPHATICUS

By Lieutenant E. L. Rice, Med. Corps, U. S. N 85

Some practical and theoretical considerations.

By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Med. Corps, U. S. N. 87

Pain in right hypochondrium and pernicious anemia.

By Lieutenant Commander H. M. Stenhouse, Med. Corps, U. S. N.. 89

Perforating wound of intestine and mesentery.

By Lieutenant G. G. Ross, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 93

Treatment of scarlet fever.

By Lieutenant Commander W. C. Newton, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 94

Illustrative cases of atypical acute abdominal conditions.

By Lieutenant Commander G. D. Hale and Lieutenant J. C. Adams, Med.

Corps, U. S. N 95

Varieties of hypersusceptibility.

By Lieutenant L. K. McCafferty, Med. Corps, U. S. N 98

Varix simulating inguinal hernia.

By Lieutenant E. J. Cummings, Med. Corps, U. S.N 103

Appendicitis and ruptured meso-appendix artery.

By Lieutenant F. H. Bowman, Med. Corps, U. S. N 104

Unusual wound contamination.

By Lieutenant E. A. Stephens, Med. Corps, U. S. N 105

Subluxation of vertebra by muscular action.

By Commander I. S. K. Reeves and Lieutenant M. K. Miller, Med. Corps,

U.S.N 107

Fracture of the skull.

By Lieutenant Commander R. I. Longabaugh, Med. Corps, U. S. N.. 108

Report of case of stenosis of Wharton's duct.

By Lieutenant J. A. Halpin, Med. Corps, U. S. N 108

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Status lymphaticus. —Epidemic of intestinal infection.

—New pathology of syphilis 111

Mental and nervous diseases. —Temperament and psychosis. War neuroses.

—Traumatic and emotional psychosis. —War neuroses. —Instinct distortion 117

Surgery. —Fascial transplants. —Chloralose as a general anesthetic 131

Military, legal and industrial. —Treatment of mustard-gas poisoning.

—Conference on medico-military administration. —Illegitimacy in Norway.

—Prevention of blindness.- —Aniline poisoning. —Immigration

statistics. —Preservation of fruit.—Economic and financial assistance given

by the United States 133

REPORTS:

SURGICAL EXPERIENCES AT THE FRONT.

By Lieutenant G. G.Ross, Med. Corps, U. S.N. R. F 145

Details of transport service.

By Lieutenant Commander R. I. Longabaugh, Med. Corps, U. S. N.. 149

Plan of a regimental field hospital.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer, Med. Corps, U. S. N 156

The preparation of blood stain at the U. S. Naval Medical School.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Med. Corps, and Chief Pharmacist's

Mate L. F. Shabek, U. S. N 157

Preparation of identification tags.

By Lieutenant Commander R. H. Laning, Med. Corps, U. S. N 157

A death following salvarsan.

By Lieutenant R. C. Christiansen, Med. Corps, U. S. N 158

Sanitary report on the Island of Corfu.

By Lieutenant Commander H. Shaw, Med. Corps, U. S. N 163

The march and the shoe.

By Lieutenant Commander W. L. Mann, Med. Corps, U. S. N 164

Tuberculin test in young adults.

By Lieutenant E. Moody, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F., and Lieutenant C.

F. Carter, Med. Corps, U. S. N 165

Bed screens in barracks.

By Commander P. S. Rossiter, Med. Corps, U. S. N 167

Influenza on a naval transport.

By Lieutenant W. F. McAnally, Med. Corps, U. S. N 168

The treatment of chancroids and the prevention of buboes.

By Lieutenant G. W. Millett, Med. Corps, U. S. N 170

Record of the navy recruiting station, Pittsburgh, Pa.

By Lieutenant C. C. Ammerman, Med. Corps, U. S. N. R. F 171

Strength of the navy 172

BOOK NOTICES 173

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 175

Number 2

PREFACE v

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The pathology of pneumonia accompanying influenza.

By Lieutenants (J. G.) E. W. Goodpasture and F. L. Burnett, Medical

Corps, U. S. N. R. F 177

Mental examination of recruits.

By Lieutenant L. E. Bisch, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 198

Treatment of military offenders.

By Lieutenant Commander A. L. Jacoby, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F..

229

Extraction of metallic foreign bodies.

By E. Robin, Medecin I ere Classe 237

New methods in amputations and prosthesis of the lower limbs.

By Lieutenant Commander R. G. LeConte, Medical Corps, U.S.N. R.F.. 244

Education and sanitation aboard ship.

By Commander W. S. Pugh, Medical Corps, U. S. N 254

HISTORICAL:

Jean Dominique Larrey 267

Extract from a surgical memoire by Baron Larrey.

Translated by Captain G. A. Lung, Medical Corps, U. S. N 275

EDITORIAL:

The lesson of job's war horse 283

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Sanitary drinking fountain.

By Lieutenant Commander D. S. Hillis, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. .

287

Clinical charts in health records.

By lieutenant (J. G.) J. J. Cancelmo, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. .

287

System of clinical records.

By Captain W. B. Grove, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Lieutenant G. B.

Crow, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F... 288

A DRESSING FOR WOUNDS.

By Lieutenant Commander C. W. C. Bunker, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 291

CLINICAL NOTES:

Abdominal wounds from hand grenade.

By Lieutenant J. M. Emmett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 293

Fracture of spine of tibia.

By Lieutenant Commander G. G. Ross, Medical Corps, U.S.N. R.F... 294

Fracture of pelvis.

By Lieutenant Commander G. G. Ross, Medical Corps, U. S. N . R. F . . .

295

Chronic rheumatism cured by appendectomy.

By Lieutenant R. H. Michels, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 296

A CASE OF MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

By Lieutenant E. R. Ryan, Medical Corps, U. S. N 297

Pericardiotomy.

By Lieutenant Commander L. R. G. Crandon, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F

299

A CASE OF KERATOSIS PLANTARIS.

By Lieutenant J. M. Perret, Medical Corps, U.S.N 300

Influenza with unusual complications.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) F. G. Folken, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F.. 301

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of malaria in Brioni

— Epidemic lethargic encephalitis— Encephalitis lethargica — Syphilitic

aortitis —The pathology of the streptococcal pneumonias of Army camps— The

venereal problem and the war—The cocaine habit.

Surgery. —Sterilization of wounds by electro-ions — Abscess of thyroid following

septico-pyemia from otitis —Acute perforations of the abdominal viscera— The

use of paraffin for drainage in surgery — Surgical technic in orthopedic

surgery 307-320

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Laboratory diagnosis—Detection

of spirochetes— Gonococcus infections 321

Eye, ear, nose and throat. —Tests for malingering in defective hearing

— Ocular anaphylaxis 334

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

The third resuscitation commission. — Lecture course at Great Lakes,

Ill.—A department of physical training —The Germans and the scientific workers

of Lille—Physical education — Transportation of sick and wounded — Traumatic

rupture of the spleen—Officer-material school at Princeton — Wanted, a

diagnosis 337

REPORTS:

Hospital administration.

By Captain G. A. Lung, Medical Corps, U. S. N 347

Removal of wounded from U. S. S. "Northern Pacific."

By Commander E. H. H. Old, Medical Corps, U. S. N 349

On board a torpedoed transport.

By Lieutenant Commander E. E. Curtis, Medical Corps, U.S.N 351

Influenza at the U. S. Naval Hospital, Washington, D. C.

By Rear Admiral R. M. Kennedy, Medical Corps, U. S. N 355

Notes on post-influenzal pneumonia.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) A. M. Burgess, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F., and

Phar. Mate E. J. Staff, U. S. N. R. F 356

Diphtheria at the U. S. Naval Academy.

By Lieutenant J. E. Houghton, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Lieutenant

(J. G.) D. G. Richey, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 359

Influenza at Pensacola.

By Lieutenants J. M. Perret, and C. M. Shaar, Medical Corps, TJ. S. N .

. 365

Training school for nurses in Haiti.

By Chief Nurse L. D. Jordan, U. S. N 378

Observation of candidates for the listener's school.

By Lieutenant F. B. Galbraith, Medical Corps, U. S. N 380

BOOK NOTICES 391

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES.

Additions to pathological collections 393

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 394

Number 3

PREFACE VII

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Preventive medicine at training camps and stations.

By Captain C. E. Riggs, Medical Corps, U. S. N 395

With marines in France.

By Lieutenant F. E. Locy, Medical Corps, U. S. N 417

Bone grafts.

By Lieutenant Commander E. M. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 433

Internal derangements or knee joints.

By Lieutenant ( J. G.) C. F. Painter, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 442

Clinical manifestations of tropical sprue.

By Lieutenant Commander E. J. Wood, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F 449

Isolation and cultivation of Pfeiffer's bacillus.

By Lieutenant DeW. G. Rlchey, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 453

Nervous element in aviation.

By Lieutenant G. U. Pillmore, Medical Corps, U. S. N 458

Administration of the U. S. Hospital Ship Solace.

By Commander E. E. H. Old, Medical Corps, U. S. N 478

HISTORICAL :

Devices and uniforms of the Navy Medical Corps 505

EDITORIAL :

The reform of funerals —The apotheosis of dungarees 515

IN MEMORIAM :

Henry G. Beyer.

By Lieutenant (T.) P. J. Waldner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 521

Washington Berry Grove.

By Lieutenant Commander L. M. Schmidt, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 522

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

Improvised mess tables.

By Captain H. C. Curl, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1 525

Apparatus for submersion cases.

By Captain G. F. Freeman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 525

Recording dental operations.

By Lieutenant W. F. Murdy, Dental Corps, U. S. N 527

CLINICAL NOTES :

Rupture of the esophagus.

By Lieutenant Commander L. Sheldon, Medical Corps, U. S. N 529

Anthrax cured by vaccine.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) J. K. Leasure, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 581

Foreign body in antrum.

By Lieutenant J. B. Greene, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 534

Traumatic rupture of kidney.

By Lieutenant Commander P. H. Bowman. Medical Corps, U. S. N., and

Lieutenant Commander H. D. Meeker, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 536

Thrombosis of popliteal vein.

By Lieutenant C. A. Frink, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 538

Alopecia Universalis.

By Captain A. R. Alfred, Medical Corps, U. S. N 539

Operations for rupture of kidney and spleen.

By Lieutenant C. O. Tanner, Medical Corps, U. S. N 539

Traumatic aneurism : Five cases.

By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N. and

Lieutenant Commander H. D. Meeker, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 541

A DEATH FROM SALVARSAN.

By Lieutenant E. F. Crofutt, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 543

Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum.

By Lieutenant W. F. Pearce, Medical Corps, U. S. N 546

Syphiloma of cererrum.

By Lieutenants A. W. Hoaglund and P. F. Prioleau, Medical Corps, U. S.

N 547

Extra-genital chancre.

By Lieutenant Commander C. B. Camerer and Lieutenant J. R. Poppen,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 551

Chancre of the thumb.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) L. Herman, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 553

Typhoid fever with severe complications.

By Lieutenant F. N. Martin, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 554

Cholangitis following influenza.

By Lieutenant R. S. Reeves, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 557

Diphtheria complicating fractured mandible.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) J. B. Goodall, Dental Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 559

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. —Tests of physical efficiency — Malaria as a military

problem —Anthelmintics as tested on earthworms —New treatment of bichloride

poisoning —Corpeus luteum and vomiting of pregnancy 561

Surgery. —Post-operative parotitis —The empyema problem — Skin disinfection

by picric acid — Reconstructive surgery of the hand and forearm 573

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Bacteriology of

tuberculous kidneys — Hermann-Perutz reaction — Experiments with virus of

grippe 578

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.— Perineural anesthesia for surgery of maxillary

sinus —Intraocular pressure and tonometry 5S2

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Transmission of venereal disease may constitute assault — Interdepartmental

Social Hygiene Board— Sir Charles Wyndham —Harvard surgical unit— Retail

druggists and quack remedies — School of Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University —

Legal decision re vaccination —American merchant marine —Meningococci in blood

—Radium conservation —Andre Chantemesse 585

REPORTS :

The U. S. hospital ship "Comfort."

By Captain A. W. Dunbar, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 591

Voyage of the U. S. S. "Leviathan."

By Commander F. A. Asserson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 602

Ship life in Constantinople.

By Lieutenant Commander E. P. Huff, Medical Corps, U. S. N 605

A record ship.

By Lieutenant Commander A. E. Lee, Medical Corps, U. S. N 609

U. S. Naval Air Station, Pauillac, France.

By Lieutenant Commander H. A. Garrison, Medical Corps, U. S. N 611

U. S. Naval Air Station, Rockaway Beach, L. I.

By Lieutenant ( J. G. ) A. A. Shadday, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 616

Increase of weight under service conditions.

By Lieutenant H. Halstead and Lieutenant (J. G.) E. A. Mallon, Medical

Corps, U. S. N. R. F 620

Poisoning by trinitrotoluol.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) A. Saska, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 624

The marine shoe.

By Lieutenant Commander W. L. Mann, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 625

X-RAY WORK AT A NAVAL HOSPITAL.

By Lieutenant C. H. Jennings, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 628

Dental work at the navy yard, New York.

By Lieutenant Commander R. Barber, Dental Corps, U. S. N 631

Dental work at the navy yard, Mare Island, Cal.

By Lieutenant Commander J. L. Brown, Dental Corps, U. S. N 632

BOOK NOTICES 633

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 635

Number 4

PREFACE .. vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Report on the influenza epidemic.

By the Staff of the U. S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia 837

Infectious and contagious diseases. Virgin Islands, 1918.

By Lieutenant E. Peterson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 682

Naval ambulance trains in Great Britain.

By Captain P. L. Pleadwell, Medical Corps, U. S. N 706

Bone surgery.

By Lieutenant Commander A. L. Clifton, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 718

An epidemic of mumps.

By Lieutenant Commander R. B. H. Gradwohl, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F.

; Lieutenant C. F. Carter, Medical Corns, U. S. N. ; Lieutenant W. S. Barcus

and Lieutenant (J. G.) H. L. Fougerousse, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F. 723

Constitutional inferiority in the Navy.

By Lieutenant T. A. Ratliff, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 728

Acute early appendicitis.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Jenkins. Medical Corps, U. S. N., and

Lieutenant L. A. Will, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 733

Extra-genital chancres.

By Lieutenant .T. M. Perret, Medical Corps. U. S. N. R. F 736

Incubation and choice of antigens in the Wassermann reaction.

By Lieutenant E. D. Hitchcock, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 740

HISTORICAL:

The practice of medicine in Europe during the Middle Ages 747

EDITORIAL : Intangible damage—The "Attitude of the Bureau"

775

IN MEMORIAM :

Abraham Jacobi (1830-1919) 781

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

The construction of animal cages.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Medical Corps, U. S. N 783

A ROTARY TOOTHBRUSH.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N_ 783

Equipment of battle dressing station storerooms.

By Commander W. S. Pugh, Medical Corps, U. S..N 786

CLINICAL NOTES :

Poisoning by bay rum containing wood alcohol.

By Lieutenant N. S. Betts, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 791

Arsenic poisoning following the use of novarsenobenzol.

By Lieutenant C. M. Burchflel, Medical Corps, U. S. N 795

Death following arsphenamine. Page.

By Lieutenant A. Goetsch, Medical Corps, U. S. N 797

High temperature in influenza.

By Lieutenant (J. G.) P. M. Williams, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F 799

Voiding of a bullet from the bladder.

By Lieutenant Commander F. H. Bowman, Medical Corps, U. S. N . 799

Depressed fracture of frontal bone.

By Lieutenant A. W. Hoagland, Medical Corps. U. S. N 800

Colon ptosis.

By Lieutenant G. U. Plllmore, Medical Corps, U. S. N 801

Ideal tonsil operation.

By Lieutenant Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 06

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. — Bacillus botulinus poisoning 800

Surgery.—Pathological possibilities of neglected gallstone disease 811

Hygiene and sanitation. — Historical Inquiry into the efficacy of lime

juice for the prevention and cure of scurvy —The ship's water supply 813

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. — Vaccine treatment

of filarial lymphangitis in British Guiana —Blood destroying substance in

ascarls lumbrlcoldes 817

Chemistry and pharmacy. —New titration method for the determination of

uric acid in urine — Modifications of Benedict's and Folin's quantitative sugar

methods—Food ingestion and energy transformations with special reference to the

stimulating effect of nutrients —Nutritive factors In animal tissues 819

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Methylene blue in purulent discharge from

the eye socket—Prophylactic use of pitultrin in nose and throat operations

under general and local anesthesia —Colloidal manganese in gonorrheal

ophthalmia —Hemorrhage following the removal of the tonsils and its treatment

821

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

The devastation of France— Peking Medical School —Vaccination in California

— Internal decoration of hospitals —Interallied conference on medical aspects

of aviation —U. S. Interdepartmental Social Hygiene Board—War Risk Insurance

Bureau —Boy Scouts — Legal control of motion pictures — Influenza statistics,

Great Lakes,

111— Sixth Division, Bureau of Navigation 823

REPORTS :

Naval railway battery in France.

By Lieutenant Commander C. S. Stephenson, Medical Corps, U. S. Navy 831

Submarine Division Five.

By Lieutenant Commander E. W. Brown, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 846

Preparation of antihuman amboceptor.

By Lieutenant Commander G. F. Clark, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Chief

Pharmacist's Mate A. J. Mouton, U. S. N 853

Psychiatric work among recruits.

By Lieutenant F. L. McDaniel, Medical Corps, U. S. N 854

Bacteriological experiments with acriflavine.

By Lieutenant H. B. LaFavre. Medical Corps, U. S. N 858

Acriflavine In The Treatment Of Gonorrhea.

By Lieutenant C. M. Burchflel, Medical Corps. U. S. N 869

The army bedside x-ray unit.

By Lieutenant H. R. Coleman, Medical Corps, U. S. N 866

Hospital service in Haiti.

By Lieutenant Commander H. F. Lawrence, Medical Corps, U. S. N 869

Organization of the U. S. naval hospital, Charleston, S. C.

By Commander W. M. Garton and Lieutenant Commander G. W. Calver,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 876

BOOK NOTICES 897

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS 901

INDEX 903

If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.

Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

Read/Download from the Internet Archive

See all images from this book

See all MHL images published in the same year

Value by kayla.briana

Photo class work

value gets Avol by Revise_D

3 3

Value by Revise_D

6

Value by BURQUENO

6 1

Value Them Both by cowyeow

2 1

St. Mary's, Kansas

Value quilt by Fabienne Chabrolin

3

Bloggué ici : Le fil à malice

Happy birthday to me 10 10 2020 by joegoauk56

‘Happy birthday to me’ Thanks to you all.

To me, the greatest birthday gifts on my birthday are your ‘wishes’

I value your gifts.

Thanks again & God Bless

Birth day cake butter scotch Monginis 700, Coconut dos, mysore park, Bol, Bananas

Féppy bôddey to me 10.10.20

Thank you all 360

A.Anthony FERNANDES

Adilia Baretto

Adolf Fernandes

Adrian Fernandes

Adrian smile 2

Adriano Pinto 49

Aelred Pereira

Aeral Paul Fernandes

Afonsa A Fletch

Afzal Xec

Agnelo D’Souza

Agnelo Pereira

Agnelo Rebello

Agnelo Vailantonio Lobo

Aires DSouza

Aires Rodrigues 351

Ajay Nagvenkar

Alan D’Souza

Alberto Cardoso

Alberto Fernandes

Alcina Maria Trindade

Aldrin Pereira

Aldrine Braganza

Alex Albert Fernandes

Alex Dragan Fernandes

Alex Taylor

Alfredo Fernandes

Alison Morenas

Alleluia Fernandes

Alvito Dias

Ambrose Vaz

Ancy S DSouza Paladka

Andrew Carter

Andrew Felix Vieira

Andrew Ferrao

Andrew Menezes

Aniceto Pinto

Anil Manwani

Anita Fernandes

Annie Fernandes

Annie Francisca Fernandes

Anthony Cardozo

Anthony Dias

Anthony Evaristo Braganza

Anthony Rodrigues

Antonio Rebello

Anupama Bhat 148

Ariosto Coelho 324

Armando Araujo

Arnley Pires

Arnold Pereira

Ashwin De Sozua

Assenca Fernandes

Aveena Pereira

Basil Sachinist

Beny Pereira

Bernardo Santana Fernandes

Bertha Rodrigues

Betty D’cunha

Biatrice Da Costa Pinto

Bom Sucesso

Bond Braganza

Bonny Araujo

Bonny Pereira 17

Brendan Fernandes

Caetaninho Menezes 96

Caetano Da Costa

Cajetan Fernandes

Cajy DCosta

Cajy Fernandes

Candino Rodrigues

Carlos Figueiredo

Casinao Edward DSouza

Cecil Pinto

Cezar D’mello

Chirs DeCosta

Chris Vaz 354

Ciano DSozua

Claudio Fernandes

Colins costancio Fernandes

Collin Savio Coelho

Comedian Jane

Constancio Fernandes

Croyden Menezes

Cyril Crasta

Cyril Fernandes

Daniel F D’souza

Deejay Seby de Araujo 274

Denis Nunes

Dennis Lourenco

Denzil DSouza 93

Derick Rose DCunha

Derrick Mendes

Diana Kavita de Souza

Dias Newton 8

Dinesh Salgaonkar

Doella D Silva

Dolrich D’Costa

Domingos vas

Domnic Fernandes 3

Domninic Araujo

DoraRosa D’Mello

Dores Rodrigues

Dorothy DSouza Almeida

Dr. Reyna Sequeira

Ed De

Edmund Anthony Gurjao

Edson Ramos

Elvis Goes

Elvis Marcarenhas

Elyston Dias 131

Enzo Rego

Ephrem Rodrigues

Eric Pinto

Estevao DeSouza

Etelvina Rebelo

Eusebio Perry Eperry

Eusebio Rodrigues

Fanny Colaco

Felix Gracias

Fernandes Cip

Fernandes Socrates

Ferns Sheron 356

Fidelis Britto 357

Filipe Dias

Filomena Gonsalves

Floyd Colaco

Francis Fernandes

Francis Vaz

Francisco Baretto

Francisco Menezes

Franciso A Afonso

Frank Carr

Franky Fernandes

Freda Joana

Frederick Noronha

Frederick Savio DSilva

Fula Maria Fernandes

Gabe Menezes

Gabriel de Figuiredo 295

Gabriel De Sa

Gaspar Almeida

Gennifer Marshall

Gisella Leitao Aires Gomes

Gladrin Fernandes 45

Gladson Luis

Glenn Jacques

Glorisco Rodrigues Cardozo

Godwin Castelino

Gopi Chari

Grace Braganza

Hamlin Fernandes

Hema Sardesai 158

Herman D’Souza 206

Hortencio Pereira 168

Inacinho Cardozo

Isidore Alexander Dantas

Ivor Gomes

Ivy Pereira

Jack D’Souza

Jackie Spooner

James Mendonca

Jane Alphonso

Jennifer Cardozo e Pereira

Jerome Fernandes

Jerry Dais 352

Jesmond Hubert Climents

Jesuin George Fernandes 343

Jivito Fernandes 82

Joao Furtado

Joaquim Teles

Joe Alemao

Joe Carvalho

Joey Rebello 360

John Corte

John Kennedy Rebello 350

John Pashu

Johnsy Fereira

Jonathan Fernandes Bradson

Jones Fernandes

Jose Antonio Silveira

Jose Salvador Fernandes

Joseph C Dias 195

Joseph Francis Mendes 245

Joseph Turner 255

Joyce Azavedo

Jude Pereira 236

Justiano Fernandes

Kamalendra Singh Srinet

Kashinath Dhanajay Mayekar

Kashyap Bandodkar

Kay Gomes

Kelly Colaco

Kenelm Santana Lopes 25

Kumar Siddharth

Lafaraz Fernandes

Lance Dias 349

Laura Fernandes

Lawrence Fernandes 147

Leo Nazareth

Leopoldina Dias

Lian Falk-Rodricks

Liberata Monteiro

Lino B Dourado

Lizette Lobo

Louisa Fernandes

Lourdina Lobo

Lucy colaco

Luis Fernandes

Luisa Rodrigues Coelho

Mahesh Bharne 35

Malcon Silveira

Mandovi Buyao Sansgiri

Manisha Molly Bandodkar

Manuel Camilo

Manuel Fernandes

Margarita Martins Crasto

Maria Anthonette Fernandes

Maria Carvalho

Maria Celsa Pereira

Maria Lourdes Fernandes

Maria Mantu Mascarenhas

Maria Santana Pereira 285

Mario Andrew Rodrigues

Mario D Costa 9

Mario Rebello 141

Mario Ronaldo Pereira

Markus Fernandes

Marshall Mendonza

Marwin Fernandes

Mary Silveira

Mateus Oswin Fernandes

Mathew Stephen D Souza

Mercia Pereira

Mercia Viera

Merciana Rodrigues

Merlyn Fernandes

Michael Diniz

Michael Micky Fernandes 4

Milena Marques-Zhacariah

Milind Hoble

Milind Kamat

Moris Sequeira 7

Muriel Martins

Myron Rodrigues

Myron Viegas

Nalini Menezes

Navin choudhary

Nephie Rod

Neville Monteiro

Nifa Cotta

Nilesh Harmalkar

Nixon Fernandes

Noel Carvalho

Numan Shaik

Olga Pinto Maciel 189

Oscar Lobo 1

Pankaj Maurya

Pascoal Noronha

Pedro Fernandes

Perpetual DeAlmeida Singh

Peter Camilo

Peter J Fernandes

Peter Mendes

Peter Paul Fernandes

Philip Senastian Fernandes

Prashant Parab 99

Pravin K Sabnis

Pravin Redkar

Quincy Pinheiro e Pires

Rahul Gerard

Rajan Savllo Ghate 332

Rajtilak Naik

Raju Arvodker Pai

Ralf Wokan

Randi Nyland

Ravi Carvalho

Ravi Chandwani

Ravi Sangekar

Renson Menezes 10

Reny S Pereira 314

Richard Fernandes

Richard Socorro Fernandes

Richard Socorro Silvester Rodrigues 264

Rienzy Pereira 358

Riston Gomes

Roberto DCosta

Rodney Severes 355

Ronnie Rons D’Souza

Ros R. Gomes

Rosario Francisco Frois

Rosevelt Anthony Rodrigues

Royce Jose Fernandes

Ruth de Barros

Sabrina Afonso

Saby Fernandes

Sachin S Ljari

Sakaram Sinai Borkar

Sanjeev V Sardesai

Santana Pereira

Savio Marlon Fernandes

Savio Colaco

Savio Dias

Savio Joaomaria D

Savio Noronha

Savio Steve Saldanha 304

Seby Barretto 229

Seby Silveira

Semy Braganza

Senon de Souza

Shailendra Bidye

Shanu Fernandes

Sharon Dias

Shastri Rodrigues e Rebello

Shekhar Bandodkar

Shine on Silvina

Shiva Mandre

Shivdeep naik

Siegfried Serrao

Sigrid Pfeffer

Sil Rodrigues

Silva Mikey

Silviano Barbosa

Simon Rodrigues

Smita Sutar Dhanwade

Snaysha Fernandes e Dias

Socorrina Fernandes

Socorro Fernandes 114

Souza Pearl

Stanley Coutinho 74

Stanley Nuco Vaz

Stephen Dourado

Stephen Fernandes

Stephen Ida Fernandes 175

Stive Net-Links

Suzy Fernandes

Swapnil Parab

Tecla Barretto

Tessy Silveira

Thomas De Souza

Tina Goes

Tony Ferandes

Tony Rodrigues

Trudy Dias Silveira 189

Tza Marques

Valerian Viegas

Vency Fernandes

Victor Fernandes

Victor San Ferns

Vishalanand Kambli

Vivek Menezes 5

Vsano Pereira 221

Walter Lobo 359

Welchy Fatima Fernandes 353

Wilfredo Fernandes

William Lobo

Wilson Vaz

Wright Cota

Yolanda Menezes

Zevon Volr

Cabriolet Value by tatraškoda

5 4

The Škoda Rapid Convertible

(cabriolet) was remarkable value for money when sold in the UK in the Mid-1980s. Converted for Škoda (UK) from standard cars by Ludgate Designs in Kent, the (now rare) convertible was considerably cheaper than other new soft-topped cars on the market. It was a good drive, too. Autocar described the car as "the poor man's Porsche", and they are now sought after vehicles. This - probably the best one surviving - was taking part in this years SALT Rally, and was snapped at the Three Swans Hotel, Market Harborough.

The SALT Rally 2012 (SALT SIX) was held around Market Harborough. The SALT Rallies are for vehicles built in the Cold War period, and the events tour Cold-War related venues. Most of the participating vehicles come from the Soviet Bloc, but there is no political element, implied or actual in the SALT ethos.

Visit the Communist Classic Cars Panorama!

Camera: Nikon F5

Lens: Nikkor 28-80mm zoom

Film: Kodak Ektar 100

Wien, 1, Bezirk (the art of very historic buildings in the core of downtown Vienna), el Burgtheater (Teatro imperial de la corte) - Josef-Meinrad-Platz/Universitätsring/Löwelstraße by Alfred Lex

1

On March 12, 1938 - one month before the referendum on the "Homecoming to the Reich" - the German emigrant and guest director Carl Ebert enters the Vienna Burgtheater. The porter already raises his arm to the Hitler salute. The first Jewish actors are already on leave. Ebert rehearses Shakespeare's Julius Caesar: "The leading Nazi among the soloists visited me on the decoration rehearsal and assured me that he vouched for a humane treatment of the> poor Jews etc.< at the Burgtheater." It is the heroic actor Carl Hennings, since 1933 member of the NSDAP and the SA banned in Austria. He plays the conspirator Cassius in the production.

For Alfred Eduard Frauenfeld, formerly NSDAP Gauleiter of Vienna, begins at the same time a special propaganda campaign. He should win artists who say yes to the "Anschluss" of Austria. Frauenfeld writes to celebrities and evaluates their answers according to their propaganda value. The poets Karl Heinrich Waggerl, Josef Weinheber and Richard Billinger are in the list "Poets profess to return to the Reich". Not the most well-known, but the most loyal yes-man is the Styrian dialect poet Hans Kloepfer. He writes a Styrian mountain farmer salutation: "He writes himself Hitler, and he loves us so much, / as far in the whole world / we do not find a more dear man."

On March 11, 1938, the popular actor Paul Hörbiger welcomes guests in his Berlin house: the comedian Theo Lingen, the operetta film star Willi Forst and the director E. W. Emo, who four years later turn the film Vienna 1910 - a transfiguration of the anti-Semitic Viennese mayor Karl Lueger as a Hitler precursor. It's going to be a dramatic evening. Hörbiger in his memoirs I've played for you: "toward evening we heard about the banned Austrian station the speech of the resigning Chancellor, Kurt von Schuschnigg... hours later, Hitler's German troops illegally marched into Austria. "Hörbiger is wrong in one point: listening to foreign broadcasters is only forbidden later.

Truth and legend often mingle when it comes to memories of the Nazi era. This also applies to the arts and culture: after 1945, many Austrian poets, actors and musicians have presented themselves as anti-fascists and resisters. Others were convicted as Nazi collaborators - burdened by witnesses who had themselves cooperated with the Nazis. Because today important documents are no longer visible, it is easy to transfigure your own biography in retrospect. One thing is clear, however, given the existing documents: a large part of the Viennese art scene has euphorically applauded the Anschluss.

The musician line-up includes Ferdinand Großmann, director of the Vienna Boys' Choir. Similarly, the General Music Director Karl Böhm, who had conducted the Meistersinger in 1937 at the beginning of the Nuremberg NSDAP Reichsparteitag: "Whoever does not approve of this Führer's action with a one hundred percent YES, does not deserve to bear the honorary name of a German!"

As a follow-up advocate, Frauenfeld also lists the arch-comedian Paul Hörbiger ("agreeing to vote 'yes' for me is a clear and distinct matter'), his brother Attila and Attila's wife Paula Wessely. While, for example, Rudolf Forster (in the film Vienna 1910 in the role of Mayor Lueger) completely ignores the Nazi period in his memoirs, Hörbiger constantly presents himself as a Nazi opponent. However, Hörbiger's memories of the Nazi years and Goebbels' simultaneous diary entries are scarce to reconcile. The Minister on 13 November 1935 on a celebration in the presence of Hitler: "The leader is all cheerful. And everyone stays until 6 o'clock in the morning. Hörbiger and Ullrich sing to the accordion. A great activity. "Hörbiger, on the other hand, wants to have teased Goebbels several times. For example, at the banquet after the Burgtheater premiere of Romeo and Juliet on November 30, 1940. Hörbiger: "It was the last time I met Goebbels." Goebbels, on March 15, 1942, wrote in a diary: "I'm going to visit the Burgtheater and watch a performance of (Ferdinand) Raimund the millionaire farmer with Hörbiger in the title role. "The Minister enthuses about Hörbiger's art of playing and continues:" After the performance I sit with the actors, especially with Hörbiger, Martha Rohs and a young one actress Nicoletti together. We talk a lot about theater and art issues. The Viennese actors are relatively well aligned politically. «

Am 12. März 1938 – einen Monat vor der Volksabstimmung über die »Heimkehr ins Reich« – betritt der deutsche Emigrant und Gastregisseur Carl Ebert das Wiener Burgtheater. Der Portier hebt bereits den Arm zum Hitlergruß. Die ersten jüdischen Schauspieler sind schon beurlaubt. Ebert probt Shakespeares Julius Cäsar : »Der führende Nazi unter den Solisten besuchte mich auf der Dekorationsprobe und versicherte mir, daß er für eine humane Behandlung der ›armen Juden etc.‹ am Burgtheater sich verbürge.« Es ist der Heldendarsteller Carl Hennings, seit 1933 Mitglied der in Österreich verbotenen NSDAP und der SA. Er spielt in der Inszenierung den Verschwörer Cassius.

Für Alfred Eduard Frauenfeld, ehemals NSDAP-Gauleiter von Wien, beginnt zur selben Zeit ein spezieller Propagandaeinsatz. Er soll Künstler gewinnen, die zum »Anschluss« Österreichs Ja sagen. Frauenfeld schreibt Prominente an und bewertet deren Antworten nach ihrem Propagandawert. In der Liste »Dichter bekennen sich zur Heimkehr ins Reich« stehen die Poeten Karl Heinrich Waggerl, Josef Weinheber und Richard Billinger. Nicht der bekannteste, aber der treuherzigste Jasager ist der steirische Mundartdichter Hans Kloepfer. Er verfasst einen Steirischen Bergbauerngruß : »Schreibm tuat er sie Hitler, / und uns so guat gsinnt, / wia ma weit in der Welt / net an liabern wo findt.«

Am 11. März 1938 begrüßt der Volksschauspieler Paul Hörbiger in seinem Berliner Haus Gäste: den Komiker Theo Lingen, den Operettenfilmstar Willi Forst und den Regisseur E. W. Emo, der vier Jahre später den Film Wien 1910 drehen wird – eine Verklärung des antisemitischen Wiener Bürgermeisters Karl Lueger als Hitler-Vorläufer. Es wird ein dramatischer Abend. Hörbiger in seinen Erinnerungen Ich hab für euch gespielt : »Gegen Abend hörten wir über den verbotenen österreichischen Sender die Rede des demissionierenden Bundeskanzler Dr. Kurt von Schuschnigg. … Stunden später marschierten Hitlers deutsche Truppen widerrechtlich in Österreich ein.« Nur in einem Punkt irrt Hörbiger: Das Hören ausländischer Sender wird erst später verboten.

Wahrheit und Legende vermischen sich oft, wenn es um Erinnerungen an die NS-Zeit geht. Das gilt auch für den Kunst- und Kulturbetrieb: Nach 1945 haben sich viele österreichische Dichter, Schauspieler und Musiker als Antifaschisten und Widerständler dargestellt. Andere wurden als NS-Kollaborateure verurteilt – belastet von Zeugen, die selbst mit den Nazis kooperiert hatten. Weil heute wichtige Dokumente nicht mehr einsehbar sind, fällt es leicht, die eigene Biografie im Nachhinein zu verklären. Eines ist aber angesichts der vorhandenen Dokumente klar: Ein großer Teil der Wiener Kunstszene hat den »Anschluss« euphorisch bejubelt.

In der Musiker-Aufstellung ist Ferdinand Großmann aufgeführt, Leiter der Wiener Sängerknaben. Ebenso der Generalmusikdirektor Karl Böhm, der 1937 zum Auftakt des Nürnberger NSDAP-Reichsparteitags die Meistersinger dirigiert hatte: »Wer dieser Tat des Führers nicht mit einem hundertprozentigen JA zustimmt, verdient nicht, den Ehrennamen Deutscher zu tragen!«

Als »Anschluss«-Befürworter führt Frauenfeld weiters den Erzkomödianten Paul Hörbiger (»ist für mich mit ›JA‹ zu stimmen eine klare und deutliche Angelegenheit«), dessen Bruder Attila sowie Attilas Ehefrau Paula Wessely. Während zum Beispiel Rudolf Forster (im Film Wien 1910 in der Rolle des Bürgermeisters Lueger) in seinen Memoiren die NS-Zeit komplett verschweigt, stellt sich Hörbiger permanent als Nazigegner dar. Hörbigers Erinnerungen an die NS-Jahre und Goebbels’ zeitgleiche Tagebucheinträge sind jedoch kaum in Einklang zu bringen. Der Minister am 13. November 1935 über eine Feier in Anwesenheit Hitlers: »Der Führer ist ganz aufgeräumt. Und alle bleiben bis 6 Uhr morgens. Hörbiger und die Ullrich singen zum Schifferklavier. Ein toller Betrieb.« Hörbiger hingegen will mehrfach gegen Goebbels gestichelt haben. So beim Festessen nach der Burgtheater-Premiere von Romeo und Julia am 30. November 1940. Hörbiger: »Es war das letzte Mal, daß ich mit Goebbels zusammengetroffen bin.« Goebbels dagegen am 15. März 1942 im Tagebuch: »Ich besuche abends das Burgtheater und sehe mir eine Aufführung des Reimundschen Bauer und Millionär mit Hörbiger in der Titelrolle an.« Der Minister schwärmt von Hörbigers Spielkunst und fährt fort: »Nach der Vorstellung sitze ich noch mit den Darstellern, vor allem mit Hörbiger, Martha Rohs und einer jungen Schauspielerin Nicoletti zusammen. Wir sprechen viel über Theater- und Kunstfragen. Die Wiener Darsteller sind verhältnismäßig gut politisch ausgerichtet.«

www.zeit.de/2007/11/OE-3_Reich/seite-3

Foam/Avol/Value by quiet-silence

3

An ornate choir stand and the apse beyond by Justin Kern

2

Check out a new post on thegoldensieve.com

The mission and a word about post content.

I have long had my eye on the weathered facade of Mission San Carlos Borroméo del río Carmelo, popularly known as the Carmel Mission. I have family that lives nearby and have heard about it's historical and aesthetic value in the past. I had a few days in Monterey for work recently and sneaked away to get a few images, stopping for nearly an hour at the mission. In the past, I've posted a single image per day. For a while this was fun, but then I found out that an image per day had a number of unintended consequences. Whenever I was taking photographs, knowing that I was going to post a one per day, I began to think about how many times I needed to come up with something worthy of the blog. Sometimes this meant posting a series of photographs that were very similar or separating photographs that belonged together. Though grabbing 365 interesting images per year isn't very difficult - this accounting exercise is extremely stifling to one's creativity - yet it is impossible to understand how limiting it is until you free yourself from this constraint. Some of my readers undoubtedly shoot for a blog or project that requires one image per day. I wonder, do you ever head out with your camera and in the midst of naturally reacting to what you see - say to yourself, "I need a few more," even when you've grabbed your best images? Do you photograph things you don't value or love, just to get images? Maybe I'm alone here, but I doubt it. Today's post features many images, as will most future posts, so I hope you enjoy (and can wait out posts that are spaced more liberally)!

Ancient history by our standards.

The Mission proper, that is a Christian congregation run by its founder, Father Junípero Serra was first established in Monterey in 1770. Serra, with permission of the Viceroy of New Spain, Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués de Croix, then moved the Mission to what is now the city of Carmel-by-the-Sea in 1771 because of a power struggle with the military enclave. Depending on the source (either the official Mission website or the various historical brevia available online) this struggle is framed either as a desire to control the direction of New Spanish colonialism or as a battle over the mistreatment of the natives by the governor and his soldiers. The mission Serra founded in Monterey eventually became the Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo, a.k.a. the Royal Presidio Chapel and still stands as a National Historical Landmark in Monterey. The edifice you see in the photographs below was built by later mission leaders in what is now Carmel-by-the-Sea, the neophytes being served from a smaller, make-shift structure during the first decades of its existence. Typically, I take one or two record shots of information that is available at the site while photographing so that I can retain the information on dates and places that I sometimes have trouble remembering properly. This time I found precious little information in the Basilica and instead had to find as much out online as I could. Interestingly, there is no readily available information online about the interesting statues, curios and relics that are located throughout this beautifully restored mission. Much of what I learned after the fact was about the history of what some call the most beautifully preserved of the California mission chain.

Here is a link to the Wikipedia article on the mission, which contains some information about Father Junípero Serra and his efforts related to this mission, but is woefully short on a number of accounts. I am not a religious person by any stretch of imagination. In fact, I find myself securely camped in the opposite extreme, but this is not the place or the time for a discussion about God or faith, etc. Instead, I am interested in the mission as it relates to human history and the early history of California. Furthermore, I have an interest in how we connect to the narrative thread of historical places like the mission and how I can use my camera to capture moments of beauty within these places.

The story of the Camel Mission is but one fascinating chapter in the story of the Spanish colonization of Mexico and the Americas. At the time, these missions and the nearby Presidios (military outposts) represented the first formal European establishments focused on colonizing the west coast. The Viceroys sent explorers, soldiers and members of the Franciscan Order to bring "civilization" (and it's attendant religious trappings) to the native Americans. Within this post I will refrain from considering what benefits, if any, were brought to the native peoples by the introduction of the mission chain into Alta California. New Spain was an empire whose lifespan is still longer than the American timeline, with aristocratic titles originating in the 16th century. The trail of European devastation through native populations begins at about the same time and includes names of these original dignitaries - Cortés and Pizarro. Although Christians may feel differently, it isn't clear to me that Serra and the mission movement brought anything to the Indians besides an acceleration of destructive European influence. Yet, some readers will note that waves of devastation had damaged native populations throughout the Americas both before and after the arrival of Europeans, and that by all accounts the Father Serra was a truly dedicated missionary and cared deeply about fulfilling his oaths and tending his flock. The magnitude of devastation both natural, domestically made and of European origin are topics I do not pretend to fully comprehend. How the mission system fits into the tragic backdrop of these events is something I think is best left to the historians. Serra, true to his word, worked until death building the mission and died with nothing more than a cot, his habit and a few other daily trappings - having worked continually to do what he thought was best for the native members of his congregation. There was, and still is, a chain of 21 missions extending from San Diego to Sonoma, north of San Francisco, and the Mission San Carlos Borroméo del río Carmelo is widely accepted as one of the most faithfully restored/preserved.

A large step backward in time.

I love visiting places like the mission because they represent such a strong counterpoint to much of the tourist-trap culture in which an out-of-towner like myself might normally find himself. There is a reason you'll never see a photograph of Disneyworld on this blog. Some places, though commercially successful and valuable for one reason (or person) or another, for me possess no aesthetic or cultural value and will simply not see the business end of my camera. I think all people make this mental calculation when photographing and each person's calculation will be different from his peers. Here at the mission, outside of the labyrinthian giftshop, I find myself standing in a square flanked by a museum and the stately, aging facade of the capilla of the Mission San Carlos Borroméo del río Carmelo. The rose window, Moorish bell-tower dome and roughly hewn door are your first clues that stepping inside is stepping back over 200 years in time.

The chapel is no stranger to a camera, but whenever I am in a place like this I am very careful not to disturb the atmosphere of the place or my fellow visitors. I extend my tripod legs outside the building and, if I am taking bracketed images for HDR, wait between taking images so that I don't create a continual noise of my shutter clacking open and closed.

Just inside the wooden doors the soft white light of Monterey marine-layer-noon drops to zero and the chapel is lit by a single hanging lamp, votive candles and a few recessed windows. A large stoup of holy water is held within an ancient iron basin atop a carved wooden pedestal placed upon an ornate and plush rug. A long center aisle extends beyond the stoup, through the pews to the apse.

The walls are adorned with various oil paintings of religious and historical personages and events. Just past the first set of pews is the entrance to the burial chapel to the left and an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus to the right. The air is cool and calm and I was nearly alone here in the nave.

The burial chapel has no external light and is instead lit by a single set of votives and the hanging lamp. I could not find any information on the figure of Our Lady of Bethlehem within glass frame above the altar, but did discover that the previous Pope, John Paul II had visited the mission in September of 1987 and designated it a Minor Basilica. As I took these images, I waited for many other visitors to percolate through the burial chamber. Many of these folks would stop and take a photograph of the plaque you see on the floor commemorating the papal visit. I found this to be a particularly interesting vignette of the sieving capacity of memory. Within the hallowed grounds of this mission there are layers of memory and narrative history to which we connect in different ways. Perhaps more than any other pope I can name, the previous Catholic leader was truly an example of a fascinating individual who used his political influence for good, yet I do not connect to his story as strongly as I do to the historical thread of the California missions. Then again, I'm not a Catholic.

Through the central aisle, up to the altar and then to the left is a claustrophobic and darkened alcove with a small altar and votive. I found this corner of the mission the most interesting to photograph. Here the room is lit by a small gas lamp and a round votive stand, the light flickering and revealing the carefully painted walls and ceilings. The air is richly perfumed by the hanging thurible above the votives. A mirror and door provide all the frames a photographer could possibly need and I played a bit with my position relative to the door to frame both the door to the sacristy and the relic containing the fragments of the Fray Serra's original coffin. Here we go beyond the literal narratives within the mission and invent our own stories. A penitent or devout missionary shuffles through these halls, observing his duties and escaping the damp cold of a coastal winter. A modern pilgrim stops to say a prayer and light a votive, sharing the same footsteps as his invisible predecessor. Recreating the mood and memory of places like this little alcove by an act as simple as taking a photograph is my favorite pastime.

The beautified Serra is interred just before the altar along with several other figures who feature prominently within the history of the Carmel Mission.

Creating Shared Value Gallery by Nestlé

Nestlé employees at Solon test the latest products to come off the Lean Cuisine production line.

The club house from a distance at the Four Seasons Costa Rica Golf Club at Peninsula Papagayo by Richard Johnson

Four Seasons Resort Costa Rica at Peninsula Papagayo

* * Costa Rica

For decades the remote Pacific Coast of northern Costa Rica — the Guanacaste province — was the domain of die-hard surfers and backpackers, with other visitors deterred by the grueling five-hour drive from the country's main airport in San José.

In 1982 the Costa Rican government passed law 6370 allowing for the development of the State owned area of land known as Polo Turistico Golfo de Papagayo located in the province of Guanacaste. The area includes tropical dry forests, 15 miles of Pacific coastline and 31 separate beaches Guanacaste was mostly the domain of cowboys called sabaneros, whose legacy lingers at local rodeos.

In Costa Rica (which means "rich coast") all beaches are public. The local municipality owns coastal land 200 meters (656 feet) inland from the average high tide, often referred to as the maritime zone. The 50 meters (164 feet) closest to the ocean are reserved for public use while the next 150 meters (492 feet) called the “concessionable” area, may be leased to private parties. Maritime zone concession agreements are used by municipalities throughout the country to promote tourism development. Between 1991 and 1999, 23 concessions were granted.

Costa Rica’s Pacific coast tourism has promoted different models of tourism -- beach, golf, tennis resorts, all-inclusive resorts, residential vacation home rentals, cruise tourism, and camping (ecotourism/sustainable tourism). And in the case of Papagayo Peninsula - Costa Rica desired to turn it into a showcase for environmental and social best practices. The government concessioned 2,075 acres from the Polo Turistico Golfo de Papagayo to the Papagayo Peninsula Development (Ecodevelopment Papagayo S.A.). Peninsula Papagayo’s concession expires in approximately 75 years, on January 15, 2091.

* * Papagayo Peninsula development (Ecodevelopment Papagayo S.A.).

Wayne Bishop, co-founder of Minneapolis architecture firm Walsh Bishop Inc., visited Costa Rica in 1994, he was wowed by the country's natural beauty. So Bishop spent the next several years looking for land on which he could build a Western-style resort. Bishop identified and successfully pursued Peninsula Papagayo, a 2,000+ acre world class property located in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica. He was the original founder/developer of the Peninsula Papagayo resort area. Grupo Situr was the parent company of Ecodesarrollo Papagayo but was bought out by the Florida Ice and Farm.

Today, Ecodesarrollo (Eco-development) Payagayo S.A., has the Costa Rican government's mandate to further develop Peninsula Papagayo. Peninsula Papagayo is currently owned 30% by Florida Ice and Farm, a public Costa Rican company that produces and distributes beverages and foods throughouth Central American and 70% by Marvin Schwan Charitable Foundation, an evangeloco Lutheran foundation based in St. Louis, MO. The Marvin M. Schwan Charitable Foundation's endowment comes from the fortune made by its namesake in the frozen ice cream and pizza business located in Marshall, Minnesota. Wayne Bishop sold his interest to the Schwan Foundation.

Ecodesarrollo Payagayo's CEO is Alan Kelso, who has extensive real estate development experience in Costa Rica dating from 1995. Jim Preskitt is the SVP of Ecodesarrollo Peninsula Papagayo.

* * The Four seasons Resort and Golf Club

In the last few years, Guanacaste has been transformed by a collection of hotels and real estate developments aimed at America and European affluent baby boomers.

The Four Seasons Resort Costa Rica at Peninsula Papagayo opened in January 2004. The resort was built on the Pacific coast of Guanacaste province in northwest Costa Rica, in the least populated, sunniest and driest part of the country. It is a 40-minute drive from the nearest airport in Liberia, where Delta, Continental and American Airlines have added nonstop service from several cities in the United States. Most of the hotel's 153 rooms are in three four-story buildings, with views of either the Virador Bay to the north or the Blanca Bay to the south.

Designed by the Costa Rican architect Ronald Zürcher, the resort's earth-toned stucco buildings seem to grow out of a hillside that slopes down to an isthmus, surrounded by tropical dry forest and sandy beaches on both sides. In an Architectureal Digest interview Ronald Zurcher says that his challenge was to build something respectful. "I didn't want to compete with nature," he explains, pointing to some white constructions several miles away, on the other side of the Golfo de Papagayo, that do just that. "See how those buildings stand out? But if you're over there, looking this way, you don't see our hotel at all—it's camouflaged." He send Papagayo dirt to a paint laboratory so that his buildings would blend in with the ground on which they sit. Zurcher took characteristics from two of Costa Rica's common creatures - the turtle and the armadillo - to the resorts design. Zrcher gave several of the resort's low-lying buildings the round shape of a turtle's shell and mimicked the armadillo's arched, humped back for the roofs of many of the buildings on higher ground. "I noticed that armadillos walk in families, one after the other," he says. "So instead of having large, single roofs, I've done the roofs in pieces, each one in the shape of an armadillo. From a distance the buildings look like families of armadillos."

Some advice also came from Isadore Sharp, the chairman of the Four Seasons chain. Originally, Zurcher wanted a waterfall to connect one swimming pool to its lower neighbor. Sharp vetoed the idea, saying that the sound of the waterfall would drown out the sound of the waves and when people come to an ocean resort, they want to hear the sound of the waves. "He was right, of course," says Zurcher.

Atop one of Peninsula Papagayo’s highest plateaus, overlooking the waters of Bahía de Culebra sits Four Seasons Golf Club Costa Rica, designed by Arnold Palmer. Sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean are on 14 of the 18 holes. The signature hole, the par 4 number 6, El Bajo, features a dramatic 200 foot downhill tee shot to a green perched out on a cliff with the ocean behind it. Indigenous monkeys (the howler monkey and the squirrel monkey) will monitor the golfers playing Arnold Palmer's Signature 18-hole, Par-72 championship course.golf course. Serving the golf course is the 28,000 square-foot Robert Zurcher designed clubhouse. Zurcher found inspiration for the building from a conch shell. Some say the result is likened to the Sydney Opera House.

** Key players involved with the Four Seasons Resort

*Charles M. Schwan Charitable Foundation

Marvin Maynard Schwan (1929 -1993), was the founder and first president of Marshall, Minnesota based Schwan’s Sales Enterprises, Inc., one America’s largest privately held companies and one of the biggest producers and distributors of frozen and prepared food. At the time of his death at age 63, Schwan’s personal worth was $1.3 billion and the company controlled a quarter of the frozen pizza business (Tony’s Pizza and Red Baron) in the U.S. During his lifetime, Schwan created the Marvin M. Schwan Foundation, which is a major supporter of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.. Two thirds of Marvin Schwan's estate was left to the Marvin M. Schwan Foundation under the trusteeship of his brother Alfred Schwan and life-long friend Larry Burgdorf.

The mission of the Charles M Schwan Charitable Foundation is: "To provide financial support to specific religious organizations as specified by the foundations governing documents." However, the principal amount of tne trust can provide for corpus investments in real estate. In round numbers the charitable foundation invested $140 million in the Costa Rica Four Seasons Hotel and $280 million in the Grand Cayman Island's Ritz Carlton.

The 2010 IRS form 990 for the Marvin M Schwan Charitable Foundation list the following:

The Kings Foundation Investment Papagayo LLC - $12.2 million and Investment Wings of Papagayo LLC - $124.7 million for a total investment value of $136.9 million in the Four Seasons Hotel Costa Rica

The Kings Foundation Investment Cayman LTD - $276.9 million total investment value in The Ritz-Carlton, Grand Cayman, a luxury resort in the Cayman Islands

In the fiscal year ending 2012 The Ritz-Carlton, Grand Cayman and its developer Michael Ryan, in whom the Charlest M Schwan Charitable Foundation invested, defaulted on a series of loans and the resort was auctioned off by creditors. During the course of these events, the Marvin M. Schwan Charitable Foundation realized a loss of over $249 million on the investment it held in The Ritz Carlton Grand Cayman. However, to ensure the investment was not totally lost the foundation purchased $13.8 million of outstanding notes belonging to the developer Michael Ryan for an 11% ownership stake in the refinanced resort. The total assets of the foundation dropped from about $750 million to $500 million following the Ritz Carlton Grand Caymen debacle.

* Alan Kelso - Ecodesarrollo Payagayo CEO

The developer of Peninsula Papagayo is Ecodesarrollo Papagayo, S.A. – a Costa Rica company controlled by The Charles M. Schwan Charitable Foundation. The CEO, Alan Kelso, has extensive real estate development experience in Costa Rica dating from 1995. Unlike most developers in Costa Rica, he is a native. Kelso grew up in San Jose, Costa Rica and would waterski on the Peninsula Papagayo's calm bays as a kid. Kelso claims it is the most beautiful piece of land he's ever seen. Kelso had made his name putting together the Los Suenos Marriott Ocean & Golf Resort 140 miles south of Peninsula Papagayo. Kelso was brought in to the Peninsula Papagayo project by the minority partner, Florida Ice and Farm, the Costa Rican beer company, in 1991. Kelso brought in the Costa Rican architect Ronald Zürcher who had designed the Los Suenos Marriott.

* Ronald Zürcher, Architect

Ronald Zürcher graduated from the Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City,and began his independent architectural practice in Costa Rica in 1978. Over the years, his practice has grown to include major hospitality design projects. Recent projects include Andaz Peninsula Papagayo - the 153 resort is on Culebra Bay and the JW Marriott Guanacaste Resort & Spa at Hacienda Pinilla, Costa Rica.

Jim Preskitt - Ecodesarrollo Payagayo SVP

Preskitt's professional life included marketing positions at the Hawaii's Big Island resorts of Mauna Kea and Four Seasons. He formerly was vice president of marketing for Hualalai Development Co., developer or the 700-acre residential-resort-golf community property on the coast just north of the Keahole Airport. Also, Preskitt, was in charge of marketing homes and lots for the Kaunaoa Development at Mauna Kea Resort. Preskitt's reputation in Hawaii was marketing to the “decamillionaire” (those with a net worth of $10 million or more).

Luis Argote, Four Season's Hotel Opening General Manager.

Luis received his Bachelor’s degree from the National Education Cooperation Institute (INCE) of Hotel and Restaurant Management, Caracas, Venezuela. A native of Venezuela, Argote is fluent in Spanish, French and English. He came from the Four Seasons Mexico City to the Four Seasons Costa Rica. He served as GM from 2004 to 2011. He currently serves as General Manager at the Four Seasons Hotel Casa Medina Bogota.

Pascal Forotti, Four Seasons Costa Rica General Manager

Pascal was appointed General Manager in 2011. He was the second in command at the Ty Warner owned Four Seasons New York for 3 years prior to moving to Costa Rica. He enjoys hearing the waves crash everyday - so different from the fire trucks and taxi cabs of NYC. Pascal's hometown is Esch, Luxembourg. His Hotel Management degree is from Lycee Technique Hotelier Alexis Heck. The hotel school is named after Alexis Heck (1830-1908), hotel owner in Diekirch and a pioneer of tourism in Luxembourg.

Compiled by Dick Johnson

October 2015.

Wien, 1. Bezirk (the art of very historic buildings of Vienna), Museum für Angewandte Kunst (Musée d'art appliqué, Museo de arte aplicado, Museo di arte applicata, Museum of applied art) - Stubenring/Weißkirchnerstraße (MAK DESIGN LAB) by Alfred Lex

The history of the Austrian Museum of Applied Art/Contemporary Art

1863 / After many years of efforts by Rudolf Eitelberger decides emperor Franz Joseph I on 7 March on the initiative of his uncle archduke Rainer, following the model of the in 1852 founded South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria and Albert Museum, London) the establishment of the "k.u.k. Austrian Museum for Art and Industry" and appoints Rudolf von Eitelberger, the first professor of art history at the University of Vienna director. The museum should be serving as a specimen collection for artists, industrialists, and public and as a training and education center for designers and craftsmen.

1864/ on 12th of May, opened the museum - provisionally in premises of the ball house next to the Vienna Hofburg, the architect Heinrich von Ferstel for museum purposes had adapted. First exhibited objects are loans and donations from the imperial collections, monasteries, private property and from the k.u.k. Polytechnic in Vienna. Reproductions, masters and plaster casts are standing value-neutral next originals.

1865-1897 / The Museum of Art and Industry publishes the journal Communications of Imperial (k.u.k.) Austrian Museum for Art and Industry .

1866 / Due to the lack of space in the ballroom the erection of an own museum building is accelerated. A first project of Rudolf von Eitelberger and Heinrich von Ferstel provides the integration of the museum in the project of imperial museums in front of the Hofburg Imperial Forum. Only after the failure of this project, the site of the former Exerzierfelds (parade ground) of the defense barracks before Stubentor the museum here is assigned, next to the newly created city park at the still being under development Rind Road.

1867 / Theoretical and practical training are combined with the establishment of the School of Applied Arts. This will initially be housed in the old gun factory, Währinger street 11-13/Schwarzspanier street 17, Vienna 9.

1868 / With the construction of the building at Stubenring is started as soon as it is approved by emperor Franz Joseph I. the second draft of Heinrich Ferstel.

1871 / The opening of the building at Stubering takes place after three years of construction, 15 November. Designed according to plans by Heinrich von Ferstel in the Renaissance style, it is the first built museum building at the Ring. Objects from now on could be placed permanently and arranged according to main materials. / / The School of Arts and Crafts (Kunstgewerbeschule) moves into the house at Stubenring. / / Opening of Austrian arts and crafts exhibition.

1873 / Vienna World Exhibition. / / The Museum of Art and Industry and the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts are exhibiting together at Stubenring. / / Rudolf von Eitelberger organizes in the framework of the World Exhibition the worldwide first international art scientific congress in Vienna, thus emphasizing the orientation of the Museum on teaching and research. / / During the World Exhibition major purchases for the museum from funds of the Ministry are made, eg 60 pages of Indo-Persian Journal Mughal manuscript Hamzanama.

1877 / decision on the establishment of taxes for the award of Hoftiteln (court titels). With the collected amounts the local art industry can be promoted. / / The new building of the School of Arts and Crafts, adjoining the museum, Stubenring 3, also designed by Heinrich von Ferstel, is opened.

1878 / participation of the Museum of Art and Industry as well as of the School of Arts and Crafts at the Paris World Exhibition.

1884 / founding of the Vienna Arts and Crafts Association with seat in the museum. Many well-known companies and workshops (led by J. & L. Lobmeyr), personalities and professors of the School of Arts and Crafts join the Arts and Crafts Association. Undertaking of this association is to further develop all creative and executive powers the arts and craft since the 1860s has obtained. For this reason are organized various times changing, open to the public exhibitions at the Imperial Austrian Museum for Art and Industry. The exhibits can also be purchased. These new, generously carried out exhibitions give the club the necessary national and international resonance.

1885 / After the death of Rudolf von Eitelberger, Jacob von Falke, his longtime deputy, is appointed manager. Falke plans all collection areas al well as publications to develop newly and systematically. With his popular publications he influences significantly the interior design style of the historicism in Vienna.

1888 / The Empress Maria Theresa exhibition revives the contemporary discussion with the high Baroque in the history of art and in applied arts in particular.

1895 / end of directorate of Jacob von Falke. Bruno Bucher, longtime curator of the Museum of metal, ceramic and glass, and since 1885 deputy director, is appointed director.

1896 / The Vienna Congress exhibition launches the confrontation with the Empire and Biedermeier style, the sources of inspiration of Viennese Modernism.

1897 / end of the directorate of Bruno Bucher. Arthur von Scala, director of the Imperial Oriental Museum in Vienna since its founding in 1875 (renamed Imperial Austrian Trade Museum 1887), takes over the management of the Museum of Art and Industry. / / Scala wins Otto Wagner, Felician of Myrbach, Koloman Moser, Josef Hoffmann and Alfred Roller to work at the museum and School of Arts and Crafts. / / The style of the Secession is crucial for the Arts and Crafts School. Scala propagates the example of the Arts and Crafts Movement and makes appropriate acquisitions for the museum's collection.

1898 / Due to differences between Scala and the Arts and Crafts Association, which sees its influence on the Museum wane, archduke Rainer puts down his function as protector. / / New statutes are written.

1898-1921 / The Museum magazine Art and Crafts replaces the Mittheilungen (Communications) and soon gaines international reputation.

1900 / The administration of Museum and Arts and Crafts School is disconnected.

1904 / The Exhibition of Old Vienna porcelain, the to this day most comprehensive presentation on this topic, brings with the by the Museum in 1867 definitely taken over estate of the "k.u.k. Aerarial Porcelain Manufactory" (Vienna Porcelain Manufactory) important pieces of collectors from all parts of the Habsburg monarchy together.

1907 / The Museum of Art and Industry takes over the majority of the inventories of the Imperial Austrian Trade Museum, including the by Arthur von Scala founded Asia collection and the extensive East Asian collection of Heinrich von Siebold .

1908 / Integration of the Museum of Art and Industry in the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Public Works.

1909 / separation of Museum and Arts and Crafts School, the latter remains subordinated to the Ministry of Culture and Education. / / After three years of construction, the according to plans of Ludwig Baumann extension building of the museum (now Weiskirchnerstraße 3, Wien 1) is opened. The museum thereby receives rooms for special and permanent exhibitions. / / Arthur von Scala retires, Eduard Leisching follows him as director. / / Revision of the statutes.

1909 / Archduke Carl exhibition. For the centenary of the Battle of Aspern. / / The Biedermeier style is discussed in exhibitions and art and arts and crafts.

1914 / Exhibition of works by the Austrian Art Industry from 1850 to 1914, a competitive exhibition that highlights, among other things, the role model of the museum for arts and crafts in the fifty years of its existence.

1919 / After the founding of the First Republic it comes to assignments of former imperial possession to the museum, for example, of oriental carpets that are shown in an exhibition in 1920. The Museum now has one of the finest collections of oriental carpets worldwide.

1920 / As part of the reform of museums of the First Republic, the collection areas are delimited. The Antiquities Collection of the Museum of Art and Industry is given away to the Museum of Art History.

1922 / The exhibition of glasses of classicism, the Empire and Biedermeier time offers with precious objects from the museum and private collections an overview of the art of glassmaking from the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. / / Biedermeier glass serves as a model for contemporary glass production and designs, such as of Josef Hoffmann.

1922 / affiliation of the museal inventory of the royal table and silver collection to the museum. Until the institutional separation the former imperial household and table decoration is co-managed by the Museum of Art and Industry and is inventoried for the first time by Richard Ernst.

1925 / After the end of the directorate of Eduard Leisching, Hermann Trenkwald is appointed director.

1926 / The exhibition Gothic in Austria gives a first comprehensive overview of the Austrian panel painting and of arts and crafts of the 12th to 16th Century.

1927 / August Schestag succeeds Hermann Trenkwald as director.

1930 / The Werkbund (artists' organization) Exhibition Vienna, a first comprehensive presentation of the Austrian Werkbund, takes place on the occasion of the meeting of the Deutscher (German) Werkbund in Austria, it is organized by Josef Hoffmann in collaboration with Oskar Strnad, Josef Frank, Ernst Lichtblau and Clemens Holzmeister.

1931 / August Schestag concludes his directorate.

1932 / Richard Ernst is new director.

1936 and 1940 / In exchange with the Kunsthistorisches Museum (Museum of Art History), the museum at Stubenring gives away part of the sculptures and takes over arts and crafts inventories of the collection Albert Figdor and the Kunsthistorisches Museum.

1937 / The Collection of the Museum of Art and Industry is newly set up by Richard Ernst according to periods. / / Oskar Kokoschka exhibition on the 50th birthday of the artist.

1938 / After the "Anschluss" (annexation) of Austria by Nazi Germany, the museum is renamed into "National Museum of Arts and Crafts in Vienna".

1939-1945 / The museums are taking over numerous confiscated private collections. The collection of the "State Museum of Arts and Crafts in Vienna" in this way also is enlarged.

1945 / Partial destruction of the museum building by impact of war. / / War losses on collection objects, even in the places of rescue of objects.

1946 / The return of the outsourced objects of art begins. A portion of the during the Nazi time expropriated objects is returned in the following years.

1947 / The "State Museum of Arts and Crafts in Vienna" is renamed into "Austrian Museum of Applied Arts".

1948 / The "Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of St. Stephen" organizes the exhibition The St. Stephen's Cathedral in the Museum of Applied Arts. History, monuments, reconstruction.

1949 / The Museum is reopened after repair of the war damages.

1950 / As last exhibition under director Richard Ernst takes place Great art from Austria's monasteries (Middle Ages).

1951 / Ignaz Schlosser is appointed manager.

1952 / The exhibition Social home decor, designed by Franz Schuster, makes the development of social housing in Vienna again the topic of the Museum of Applied Arts.

1955 / The comprehensive archive of the Wiener Werkstätte (workshop) is acquired.

1955-1985 / The Museum publishes the periodical ancient and modern art .

1956 / Exhibition New Form from Denmark, modern design from Scandinavia becomes topic of the museum and model.

1957 / On the occasion of the exhibition Venini Murano glass, the first presentation of Venini glass in Austria, there are significant purchases and donations for the collection of glass.

1958 / End of the directorate of Ignaz Schlosser

1959 / Viktor Griesmaier is appointed as new director.

1960 / Exhibition Artistic creation and mass production of Gustavsberg, Sweden. Role model of Swedish design for the Austrian art and crafts.

1963 / For the first time in Europe, in the context of a comprehensive exhibition art treasures from Iran are shown.

1964 / The exhibition Vienna around 1900 (organised by the Cultural Department of the City of Vienna) presents for the frist time after the Second World War, inter alia, arts and crafts of Art Nouveau. / / It is started with the systematic work off of the archive of the Wiener Werkstätte. / / On the occasion of the founding anniversary offers the exhibition 100 years Austrian Museum of Applied Arts using examples of historicism insights into the collection.

1965 / The Geymüllerschlössel (small castle) is as a branch of the Museum angegliedert (annexed). Simultaneously with the building came the important collection of Franz Sobek - old Viennese clocks, made between 1760 and the second half of the 19th Century - and furniture from the years 1800 to 1840 in the possession of the MAK.

1966 / In the exhibition Selection 66 selected items of modern Austrian interior designers (male and female ones) are brought together.

1967 / The Exhibition The Wiener Werkstätte. Modern Arts and Crafts from 1903 to 1932 is founding the boom that continues until today of Austria's most important design project in the 20th Century.

1968 / To Viktor Griesmaier follows Wilhelm Mrazek as director.

1969 / The exhibition Sitting 69 shows at the international modernism oriented positions of Austrian designers, inter alia by Hans Hollein.

1974 / For the first time outside of China Archaeological Finds of the People's Republic of China are shown in a traveling exhibition in the so-called Western world.

1979 / Gerhart Egger is appointed director.

1980 / The exhibition New Living. Viennese interior design 1918-1938 provides the first comprehensive presentation of the spatial art in Vienna during the interwar period.

1981 / Herbert Fux follows Gerhart Egger as director.

1984 / Ludwig Neustift is appointed interim director. / / Exhibition Achille Castiglioni: designer. First exhibition of the Italian designer in Austria

1986 / Peter Noever is appointed director and starts with the building up of the collection contemporary art.

1987 / Josef Hoffmann. Ornament between hope and crime is the first comprehensive exhibition on the work of the architect and designer.

1989-1993 / General renovation of the old buildings and construction of a two-storey underground storeroom and a connecting tract. A generous deposit for the collection and additional exhibit spaces arise.

1989 / Exhibition Carlo Scarpa. The other city, the first comprehensive exhibition on the work of the architect outside Italy.

1990 / exhibition Hidden impressions. Japonisme in Vienna 1870-1930, first exhibition on the theme of the Japanese influence on the Viennese Modernism.

1991 / exhibition Donald Judd Architecture, first major presentation of the artist in Austria.

1992 / Magdalena Jetelová domestication of a pyramid (installation in the MAK portico).

1993 / The permanent collection is newly put up, interventions of internationally recognized artists (Barbara Bloom, Eichinger oder Knechtl, Günther Förg, GANGART, Franz Graf, Jenny Holzer, Donald Judd, Peter Noever, Manfred Wakolbinger and Heimo Zobernig) update the prospects, in the sense of "Tradition and Experiment". The halls on Stubenring accommodate furthermore the study collection and the temporary exhibitions of contemporary artists reserved gallery. The building in the Weiskirchner street is dedicated to changing exhibitions. / / The opening exhibition Vito Acconci. The City Inside Us shows a room installation by New York artist.

1994 / The Gefechtsturm (defence tower) Arenbergpark becomes branch of the MAK. / / Start of the cooperation MAK/MUAR - Schusev State Museum of Architecture Moscow. / / Ilya Kabakov: The Red Wagon (installation on MAK terrace plateau).

1995 / The MAK founds the branch of MAK Center for Art and Architecture in Los Angeles, in the Schindler House and at the Mackey Apartments, MAK Artists and Architects-in-Residence Program starts in October 1995. / / Exhibition Sergei Bugaev Africa: Krimania.

1996 / For the exhibition Philip Johnson: Turning Point designs the American doyen of architectural designing the sculpture "Viennese Trio", which is located since 1998 at the Franz-Josefs-Kai/Schottenring.

1998 / The for the exhibition James Turrell. The other Horizon designed Skyspace today stands in the garden of MAK Expositur Geymüllerschlössel. / / Overcoming the utility. Dagobert Peche and the Wiener Werkstätte, the first comprehensive biography of the work of the designer of Wiener Werkstätte after the Second World War.

1999 / Due to the Restitution Act and the Provenance Research from now on numerous during the Nazi time confiscated objects are returned.

2000 / Outsourcing of Federal Museums, transformation of the museum into a "scientific institution under public law". / / The exhibition Art and Industry. The beginnings of the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna is dealing with the founding history of the house and the collection.

2001 / In the course of the exhibition Franz West: No Mercy, for which the sculptor and installation artist developed his hitherto most extensive work, the "Four lemurs heads" are placed at the bridge Stubenbrücke, located next to the MAK. / / Dennis Hopper: A System of Moments.

2001-2002 / The CAT Project - Contemporary Art Tower after New York, Los Angeles, Moscow and Berlin is presented in Vienna.

2002 / Exhibition Nodes. symmetrical-asymmetrical. The historical Oriental Carpets of the MAK presents the extensive rug collection.

2003 / Exhibition Zaha Hadid. Architecture. / / For the anniversary of the artist workshop, takes place the exhibition The Price of Beauty. 100 years Wiener Werkstätte. / / Richard Artschwager: The Hydraulic Door Check. Sculpture, painting, drawing.

2004 / James Turrell's MAKlite is since November 2004 permanently on the facade of the building installed. / / Exhibition Peter Eisenmann. Barefoot on White-Hot Walls, large-scaled architectural installation on the work of the influential American architect and theorist.

2005 / Atelier Van Lieshout: The Disciplinator / / The exhibition Ukiyo-e Reloaded presents for the first time the collection of Japanese woodblock prints of the MAK on a large scale.

2006 / Since the beginning of the year, the birthplace of Josef Hoffmann in Brtnice of the Moravian Gallery in Brno and the MAK Vienna as a joint branch is run and presents annually special exhibitions. / / The exhibition The Price of Beauty. The Wiener Werkstätte and the Stoclet House brings the objects of the Wiener Werkstätte to Brussels. / / Exhibition Jenny Holzer: XX.

2007/2008 / Exhibition Coop Himmelb(l)au. Beyond the Blue, is the hitherto largest and most comprehensive museal presentation of the global team of architects.

2008 / The 1936 according to plans of Rudolph M. Schindler built Fitzpatrick-Leland House, a generous gift from Russ Leland to the MAK Center LA, becomes with the aid of a promotion that granted the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. Department the MAK Center, center of the MAK UFI project - MAK Urban Future Initiative. / / Julian Opie: Recent Works / / The exhibition Recollecting. Looting and Restitution examines the status of efforts to restitute expropriated objects from Jewish property from museums in Vienna.

2009 / The permanent exhibition Josef Hoffmann: Inspiration is in the Josef Hoffmann Museum, Brtnice opened. / / Exhibition Anish Kapoor. Shooting into the Corner / / The museum sees itself as a promoter of Cultural Interchange and discusses in the exhibition Global:lab Art as a message. Asia and Europe 1500-1700 the intercultural as well as the intercontinental cultural exchange based on objects from the MAK and from international collections.

2011 / After Peter Noever's resignation, Martina Kandeler-Fritsch takes over temporarily the management. / /

Since 1 September Christoph Thun-Hohenstein is director of the MAK and declares "change through applied art" as the new theme of the museum.

2012 / With future-oriented examples of mobility, health, education, communication, work and leisure, shows the exhibition MADE4YOU. Designing for Change, the new commitment to positive change in our society through applied art. // Exhibition series MAK DESIGN SALON opens the MAK branch Geymüllerschlössel for contemporary design positions.

2012/2013 / opening of the newly designed MAK Collection Vienna 1900. Design / Decorative Arts from 1890 to 1938 in two stages as a prelude to the gradual transformation of the permanent collection under director Christoph Thun-Hohenstein

2013 / SIGNS, CAUGHT IN WONDER. Looking for Istanbul today shows a unique, current snapshot of contemporary art production in the context of Istanbul. // The potential of East Asian countries as catalysts for a socially and ecologically oriented, visionary architecture explores the architecture exhibition EASTERN PROMISES. Contemporary Architecture and production of space in East Asia. // With a focus on the field of furniture design NOMADIC FURNITURE 3.0. examines new living without bounds? the between subculture and mainstream to locate "do-it-yourself" (DIY) movement for the first time in a historical context.

2014 / Anniversary year 150 years MAK // opening of the permanent exhibition of the MAK Asia. China - Japan - Korea // Opening of the MAK permanent exhibition rugs // As central anniversary project opens the dynamic MAK DESIGN LABORATORY (redesign of the MAK Study Collection) exactly on the 150th anniversary of the museum on May 12, 2014 // Other major projects for the anniversary: ROLE MODELS. MAK 150 years: from arts and crafts to design // // HOLLEIN WAYS OF MODERN AGE. Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos and the consequences.

www.mak.at/das_mak/geschichte

VALUE / DTA by cid james

3

Value by indios gigantes

2

by isleta lakes

Value quilt by noga quilts

1

Blogged here

Eco Fashion Week 2013 Three Runway Collections Presented by Value Village 063 by VCAD

1

Eco Fashion Week April 22, 2013 Three stylists with $500 each made three runway collections from outfits presented by Value Village. Photos by Sean Herd.

Watch VCAD videos www.youtube.com/VancouverVCAD

VCAD - Fashion Design Program

500 - 626 West Pender St.

Vancouver, BC

V6B 1V9

CANADA

1.800.356.8497

Wien, 1. Bezirk (the art of very historical buildings of Vienna), Museum für Angewandte Kunst (Musée d'art appliqué, Museo de arte aplicado, Museo di arte applicata, Museum of applied art) - Stubenring/Weißkirchnerstraße by alfred lex